BAB LIMA

CHAPTER FIVE

A. LATAR BELAKANG
BACKGROUND
Jadual 5.1: Anggaran penduduk pertengahan tahun, Malaysia, 20062010
Table 5.1: Mid-year population estimates, Malaysia, 20062010

2006

2007

2008

2009

20101

Kadar
pertumbuhan
penduduk
tahunan
Annual
population
growth rate
(%)

('000)

('000)

('000)

('000)

('000)

2009/2010

26,831.5

27,186.0

27,540.5

27,895.3

28,334.1

1.6

Johor

3,156.2

3,194.4

3,231.9

3,269.1

3,348.3

2.4

Kedah

1,868.1

1,893.3

1,918.1

1,942.6

1,947.7

0.3

Kelantan

1,554.5

1,581.3

1,609.3

1,639.0

1,539.6

-6.3

Melaka

732.7

742.3

751.9

761.6

821.1

7.5

Negeri Sembilan

967.1

978.0

989.1

1,000.3

1,021.1

2.1

Pahang

1,464.2

1,481.5

1,498.9

1,516.7

1,500.8

-1.1

Perak

2,331.7

2,363.1

2,395.0

2,427.6

2,352.7

-3.1

Perlis

228.6

231.3

234.1

237.0

231.5

-2.3

Pulau Pinang

1,522.6

1,542.8

1,562.0

1,580.0

1,561.4

-1.2

Sabah

3,098.9

3,125.3

3,154.0

3,183.8

3,206.7

0.7

Sarawak

2,362.7

2,399.0

2,435.0

2,470.8

2,471.1

0.0

Selangor2

4,814.8

4,889.7

4,962.5

5,033.5

5,462.1

9.53

997.0

1,009.5

1,022.4

1,035.8

1,036.0

0.0

1,641.4

1,662.6

1,683.1

1,703.1

1,674.6

-1.7

W.P. Labuan

90.9

91.9

93.0

94.2

86.9

-8.1

W.P. Putrajaya

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

72.4

n.a.

Negeri
State

Malaysia

Terengganu
W.P. Kuala Lumpur

Nota:

Data 2010 adalah berdasarkan Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan 2010 yang telah disesuaikan kepada kadar kurang
penghitungan
Notes: The 2010 figures are based on 2010 Population and Housing Census which had been adjusted for under enumeration
2

Termasuk W.P. Putrajaya kecuali bagi 2010

Includes W.P. Putrajaya except for 2010
3

Termasuk W.P. Putrajaya

Includes W.P. Putrajaya

Data 20062009 adalah data unjuran penduduk berdasarkan Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan 2000 yang disesuaikan.
Semakan semula ke atas unjuran penduduk 20012020 telah dibuat berdasarkan trend terkini kadar kesuburan dan
pekerja asing
The 20062009 figures are population projections figures based on the adjusted 2000 Population and Housing Census.
The population projections for 20012020 has been revised based on latest trend of the fertility rate and foreign workers

175

Jadual 5.2: Kepadatan penduduk mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2000, 20072010

Table 5.2: Population density by state, Malaysia, 2000, 20072010
Bilangan orang bagi setiap km 2
Number of persons per km2
Negeri
State

2000

2007

2008

2009

20101

71

82

83

84

86

Johor

144

166

168

170

174

Kedah

176

199

202

204

205

90

105

107

109

102

Melaka

389

446

452

458

493

Negeri Sembilan

130

146

148

150

153

Pahang

36

41

41

42

42

Perak

99

112

114

115

112

Perlis

253

282

285

289

282

1,272

1,472

1,490

1,508

1,490

Sabah

35

42

43

43

44

Sarawak

17

19

20

20

20

514

600

609

617

674

69

77

78

79

79

5,827

6,842

6,926

7,009

6,891

W.P. Labuan

836

1,010

1,022

1,035

955

W.P. Putrajaya

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

1,478

Malaysia

Kelantan

Pulau Pinang

Selangor2
Terengganu
W.P. Kuala Lumpur

Nota:

Data 2010 adalah berdasarkan Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan 2010 yang telah disesuaikan kepada kadar kurang
penghitungan
Notes: The 2010 figures are based on 2010 Population and Housing Census which had been adjusted for under enumeration
2

Termasuk W.P. Putrajaya kecuali bagi 2010

Includes W.P. Putrajaya except for 2010
Data 20072009 adalah data unjuran penduduk berdasarkan Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan 2000 yang disesuaikan.
Semakan semula ke atas unjuran penduduk 20012020 telah dibuat berdasarkan trend terkini kadar kesuburan dan
pekerja asing
The 20072009 figures are population projections figures based on the adjusted 2000 Population and Housing Census.
The population projections for 20012020 has been revised based on latest trend of the fertility rate and foreign workers

176

Jadual 5.3: Bilangan penduduk mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2010
Table 5.3: The number of population by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2010
Lelaki
Male
Kumpulan umur
Age group

Perempuan
Female

Jumlah
Total

Bilangan
Number
('000)

Bilangan
Number
('000)

Bilangan
Number
('000)

Jumlah
Total

14,562.6

100.0

13,771.5

100.0

28,334.1

100.0

0 4

1,238.6

8.5

1,188.3

8.6

2,427.0

8.6

5 9

1,374.4

9.4

1,293.2

9.4

2,667.5

9.4

10 14

1,405.3

9.7

1,328.1

9.6

2,733.4

9.6

15 19

1,452.0

10.0

1,383.7

10.0

2,835.7

10.0

20 24

1,470.4

10.1

1,383.5

10.0

2,854.0

10.1

25 29

1,427.2

9.8

1,283.8

9.3

2,711.0

9.6

30 34

1,123.4

7.7

1,001.5

7.3

2,124.9

7.5

35 39

988.2

6.8

929.3

6.7

1,917.5

6.8

40 44

894.5

6.1

878.1

6.4

1,772.6

6.3

45 49

834.4

5.7

772.6

5.6

1,607.0

5.7

50 54

703.6

4.8

664.0

4.8

1,367.6

4.8

55 59

545.4

3.7

519.4

3.8

1,064.7

3.8

60 64

416.3

2.9

407.5

3.0

823.9

2.9

65 69

270.5

1.9

267.7

1.9

538.2

1.9

70 74

200.8

1.4

208.9

1.5

409.7

1.4

75+

217.7

1.5

261.8

1.9

479.5

1.7

Nota: Data adalah berdasarkan Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan 2010 yang telah disesuaikan kepada kadar kurang penghitungan
Note: The figures are based on 2010 Population and Housing Census which had been adjusted for under enumeration

Jadual 5.4: Nis bah personel perubatan terlatih1-penduduk, Malaysia, 20062010

Table 5.4: Trained medical personnel-population ratio, Malaysia, 20062010

Personel perubatan
Medical personnel

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Doktor
Doctor

1:1,214

1:1,145

1:1,105

1:927

1:859

Doktor gigi
Dentist

1:9,061

1:8,586

1:7,618

1:7,936

1:7,437

Jururawat
Nurses

1:559

1:556

1:512

1:477

1:410

Sumber: Kementerian Kesihatan

Source: Ministry of Health

Nota: 1 Personel perubatan terlatih kerajaan dan swasta

Note: Government and private trained medical personnel

177

B. KEADAAN
THE STATE
Jadual 5.5: Kuantiti buangan terjadual yang dihasilkan mengikut industri, 20062010
Table 5.5: Quantity of scheduled wastes generated by industry, 20062010
Tan metrik
Tonnes
Industri
Industry

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Jumlah
Total

1,103,457.05

1,138,839.49

1,304,898.78

1,705,308.14

1,880,928.53

Kimia
Chemical

470,892.50

584,344.66

527,925.57

524,750.21

768,411.36

Elektronik/Elektrikal
Electronic/Electrical

238,358.25

239,440.49

190,868.27

196,808.64

274,582.79

78,481.53

104,955.95

168,758.11

126,763.70

166,938.06

189,948.83

29,283.00

86,672.79

104,656.83

107,020.65

31,847.16

14,425.46

12,367.68

80,324.60

45,075.48

15,329.68

17,578.66

24,150.73

42,595.91

43,847.93

2,0 75.10

5,295.42

31,095.50

30,057.52

27,328.96

1,808.33

3,257.42

2,327.91

6,057.77

1,066.04

Gas industri
Industrial gas

16,246.68

19,198.57

20,212.01

5,321.50

6,523.58

Premis yang ditetapkan

Prescribed premises

12,667.57

79,921.95

51,970.33

168,106.98

260,636.76

Bateri
Batteries

24,664.22

8,339.27

7,640.77

3,760.54

3,593.98

1,116.63

465.92

1,062.68

991.60

475.67

994.43

743.99

3,704.32

1,559.00

1,197.97

Janakuasa
Power station

n.a.

4,956.76

77,344.28

235,812.63

31,002.98

Perkapalan
Shipping

n.a.

4,796.24

31,464.02

102,586.51

32,248.85

Makanan
Food

n.a.

n.a.

3,947.40

5,748.28

7,249.56

Mineral/Seramik/Jubin/Plaster
Mineral/Ceramic/Tiles/Plaster

n.a.

1,168.98

2,488.34

2,342.39

4,221.77

Kristal
Glass
Asbestos
Asas kertas
Paper based

n.a.

n.a.

2,067.48

1,976.19

6,385.19

n.a.

n.a.

143.01

98.53

259.22

n.a.

36,983.41

15,847.97

32,899.77

Cat
Paint

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

9,500.32

11,625.64

16,207.41

18,029.75 2

36,548.713

42,207.96

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

427.61

2,818.73

4,019.65

3,674.42 4

3,091.81

5,700.75

Logam
Metal
Bengkel
Workshop
Farmasi
Pharmaceutical
Petroleum
Pencetak & pembungkusan
Printing & packaging
Berasaskan kayu
Wood based

Resin & perekat

Resin & adhesive
Tekstil
Textile

Getah & plastik

Rubber & plastic
Oleokimia
Oleochemical
Lain-lain
Others

16,647.10

Sumber: Jabatan Alam Sekitar

Source: Department of Environment

Nota: 1 Dilaporkan di KPAS 2010 sebagai data kertas & plastik

+ asas getah
Notes: Reported in CES 2010 as paper & plastic + rubber based data
2

Dilaporkan di KPAS 2010 sebagai data asas getah

Reported in CES 2010 as rubber based data

178

Dilaporkan di KPAS 2010 sebagai data asas getah+plastik

Reported in CES 2010 as rubber based + plastic data

Dilaporkan di KPAS 2010 sebagai data lain-lain + plastik

Reported in CES 2010 as others + plastic data

Jadual 5.6: Kuantiti buangan klinikal yang dihasilkan oleh insinerator mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 20062010
Table 5.6: Quantity of clinical waste generated by incinerators by state,Malaysia, 20062010
Tan metrik
Tonnes
Negeri
State

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

11,363.88

12,533.5 8

14,140.05

16,558.9 9

16,781.09

1,176.87

1,754.83

1,515.50

1,639.85

1,795.18

Kedah

552.50

611.44

700.19

847.91

880.36

Kelantan

590.40

672.70

763.94

845.38

857.84

Melaka

462.13

510.37

616.23

683.53

733.97

Negeri Sembilan

438.01

480.26

593.29

651.67

729.75

Pahang

487.80

570.60

654.16

768.13

790.44

Perak

929.88

1,044.30

1,506.24

1,390.08

1,328.54

Perlis

103.73

117.54

133.13

146.25

153.21

Pulau Pinang

889.91

983.73

1,081.66

1,111.13

1,150.35

Sabah

623.28

696.54

777.15

889.30

956.63

Sarawak

664.32

745.33

213.86

924.27

969.54

Selangor

1,825.90

2,138.41

3,128.85

3,699.88

3,477.52

326.20

380.20

420.26

453.08

460.02

2,271.52

1,804.01

2,010.13

2,479.05

2,469.24

21.43

23.33

25.46

29.47

28.50

Malaysia
Johor

Terengganu
W.P. Kuala Lumpur1
W.P. Labuan

Sumber: Jabatan Alam Sekitar

Source: Department of Environment
1

Nota: Termasuk W.P. Putrajaya

Note: Includes W.P. Putrajaya

179

Jadual 5.7: Bilangan kemalangan jalan raya dan kecederaan yang dilaporkan mengikut negeri,
Malaysia, 20062010
Table 5.7: Number of road accidents and reported casualties by state, Malaysia, 20062010

Negeri
State

Malaysia

Johor

Kedah

Kelantan

Melaka

Negeri Sembilan

Pahang

Perak

Tahun
Year

Kemalangan
jalan raya
Road accidents

Kecederaan
Casualties
Kecederaan 1
Injury

Kematian
Death

Jumlah
Total

2006
2007

341,252
363,319

29,138
27,717

6,287
6,282

35,425
33,999

2008

373,071

25,747

6,527

32,274

2009

397,330

24,672

6,745

31,417

2010

414,421

21,397

6,872

28,269

2006
2007

43,757
46,584

2,773
2,307

1,017
1,023

3,790
3,330

2008

48,667

2,054

1,065

3,119

2009

51,747

2,497

1,060

3,557

2010

55,381

2,220

1,076

3,296

2006
2007

15,505
16,172

3,330
2,953

494
492

3,824
3,445

2008

16,520

2,547

496

3,043

2009

17,701

2,564

550

3,114

2010

17,966

2,266

532

2,798

2006
2007

7,098r
8,155r

2,543
2,796

331
374

2,874
3,170

2008

8,814r

2,764

380

3,144

2009

10,118 r

3,076

453

3,529

2010

9,707

3,008

380

3,388

2006
2007

10,707
11,720

1,378
1,200

232
227

1,610
1,427

2008

12,105

1,074

243

1,317

2009

13,275

1,157

248

1,405

2010

14,110

851

235

1,086

2006
2007

15,197
16,079

2,268
2,218

337
320

2,605
2,538

2008

17,362

2,214

389

2,603

2009

18,369

2,230

377

2,607

2010

19,407

1,962

399

2,361

2006
2007

13,242
13,982

1,622
1,767

451
437

2,073
2,204

2008

15,629

1,294

446

1,740

2009

17,068

1,472

512

1,984

2010

17,315

1,232

574

1,806

2006
2007

27,432
29,203

4,811
4,435

726
811

5,537
5,246

2008

30,539

4,582

829

5,411

2009

32,327

3,768

829

4,597

2010

32,072

2,856

820

3,676

Nota: Kecederaan merujuk kepada kecederaan ringan dan parah

Note: Injuries refer to minor and serious injuries

180

Jadual 5.7: Bilangan kemalangan jalan raya dan kecederaan yang dilaporkan mengikut negeri,
Malaysia, 20062010 (samb.)
Table 5.7: Number of road accidents and reported casualties by state, Malaysia, 20062010 (contd)

Negeri
State

Perlis

Pulau Pinang

Sabah

Sarawak

Selangor

Terengganu

W.P. Kuala Lumpur

Tahun
Year

Kemalangan
jalan raya
Road accidents

Kecederaan
Casualties
Kecederaan 1
Injury

Kematian
Death

Jumlah
Total

2006
2007

1,160
1,364

603
634

63
41

666
675

2008

1,417

492

69

561

2009

1,633

585

90

675

2010

1,548

553

66

619

2006
2007

32,573
33,881

1,551
1,334

381
376

1,932
1,710

2008

34,049

1,374

354

1,728

2009

33,719

967

395

1,362

2010

34,306

643

370

1,013

2006
2007

14,808 r
15,196 r

1,023
1,396

296
316

1,319
1,712

2008

15,488 r

1,486

325

1,811

2009

16,655

1,440

345

1,785

2010

17,253

1,477

447

1,924

2006
2007

13,550 r
14,256 r

1,257
1,330

347
316

1,604
1,646

2008

14,588 r

1,187

318

1,505

2009

15,798 r

1,145

332

1,477

2010

16,192

1,015

365

1,380

2006
2007

92,632
99,157

4,128
3,707

1,050
1,025

5,178
4,732

2008

100,380

3,111

1,083

4,194

2009

107,429

2,159

976

3,135

2010

115,565

1,493

1,061

2,554

2006
2007

7,337r
8,116r

1,610
1,452

307
290

1,917
1,742

2008

8,842r

1,419

293

1,712

2009

9,549r

1,149

348

1,497

2010

10,106

1,082

314

1,396

2006
2007

46,254
49,454

241
188

255
234

496
422

2008

48,671

149

237

386

2009

51,942

463

230

693

2010

53,493

739

233

972

Sumber: Polis Diraja Malaysia

Source: Royal Malaysia Police

Nota: 1 Kecederaan merujuk kepada kecederaan ringan dan parah

Note: Injuries refer to minor and serious injuries

181

Jadual 5.8: Bilangan kes dan kadar insiden Penyakit Bawaan Makanan dan Air, Malaysia, 20062010
Table 5.8: Number of cases and incidence rate of Food and Water Borne Diseases, Malaysia, 20062010

Tahun
Year

Keracunan
makanan
Food poisoning

Tifoid
Typhoid

Kolera
Cholera

Disentri
Dysentry

Viral Hepatitis A

Kes
Cases

(KI)
(IR)

Kes
Cases

(KI)
(IR)

Kes
Cases

(KI)
(IR)

Kes
Cases

(KI)
(IR)

Kes
Cases

(KI)
(IR)

2006

6,938

26.0

204

0.8

237

0.9

105

0.4

64

0.2

2007

14,455

53.2

325

1.2

133

0.5

146

0.5

94

0.4

2008

17,322

62.5

201

0.7

93

0.3

92

0.3

36

0.1

2009

10,238

36.2

303

1.1

276

1.0

154

0.5

40

0.1

2010

12,519

44.2

210

0.7

443

1.6

104

0.4

39

0.1

Sumber: Kementerian Kesihatan

Source: Ministry of Health

Nota: KI Kadar insiden bagi setiap 100,000 penduduk

Note: IR Incidence rate per 100,000 populations

Jadual 5.9: Kadar insiden kolera mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 20062010

Table 5.9: Incidence rate for cholera by state, Malaysia, 20062010
Bagi s etiap 100,000 penduduk
Per 100,000 population
Negeri
State

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

0.9

0.5

0.3

1.0

1.6

0.2

0.1

0.1

Kelantan

1.2

0.4

Melaka

0.3

Negeri Sembilan

0.2

Pahang

Perak

0.0

Perlis

Pulau Pinang

0.1

0.1

7.0

3.9

2.9

1.6

13.1

Sarawak

Selangor

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.0

16.6

0.1

Malaysia
Johor
Kedah

Sabah

Terengganu
2

W.P. Kuala Lumpur

Sumber: Kementerian Kesihatan

Source: Ministry of Health
1

Nota: Termasuk W.P. Labuan

Notes: Includes W.P. Labuan
2

Termasuk W.P. Putrajaya

Includes W.P. Putrajaya

182

Jadual 5.10: Kadar insiden tifoid mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 20062010

Table 5.10: Incidence rate for typhoid by state, Malaysia, 20062010
Bagi setiap 100,000 penduduk
Per 100,000 population
Negeri
State

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Malaysia

0.8

1.2

0.7

1.1

0.7

Johor

0.4

1.4

0.2

0.4

0.4

Kedah

0.4

0.5

0.3

0.9

0.1

Kelantan

5.0

8.7

4.5

5.2

3.0

Melaka

0.3

1.0

0.1

0.4

0.1

0.2

0.5

0.2

Pahang

0.1

1.2

0.5

0.3

0.2

Perak

0.6

0.9

0.4

0.5

0.2

Perlis

0.4

0.4

0.9

Pulau Pinang

0.2

1.1

0.2

0.1

Sabah

1.3

1.1

1.8

1.6

2.5

Sarawak

0.7

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.2

Selangor

0.4

0.5

0.4

1.7

0.6

Terengganu

0.9

0.3

0.2

0.5

0.4

0.1

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.7

Negeri Sembilan

W.P. Kuala Lumpur

Sumber: Kementerian Kesihatan

Source: Ministry of Health

Nota: 1 Termasuk W.P. Labuan

Notes: Includes W.P. Labuan
2

Termasuk W.P. Putrajaya

Includes W.P. Putrajaya

Jadual 5.11: Kadar insiden keracunan makanan mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 20062010
Table 5.11: Incidence rate for food poisoning by state, Malaysia, 20062010
Bagi s etiap 100,000 penduduk
Per 100,000 population
Negeri
State

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Malaysia

26.0

53.2

62.5

36.2

44.2

Johor

42.8

59.9

96.9

26.6

29.1

Kedah

42.5

53.3

61.6

36.3

32.7

Kelantan

94.7

90.7

121.5

85.1

142.4

Melaka

41.1

47.9

108.2

55.5

64.2

Negeri Sembilan

2.4

8.9

39.4

13.7

18.4

Pahang

48.1

58.8

119.1

56.6

47.3

Perak

20.0

135.1

64.1

52.9

60.0

Perlis

54.0

163.9

91.9

7.5

13.4

Pulau Pinang

19.5

31.7

51.1

38.7

26.2

Sabah1

8.4

33.6

54.4

15.3

39.4

Sarawak

8.6

28.5

35.7

8.0

52.6

Selangor

4.9

32.1

24.2

19.7

27.5

65.2

119.3

125.9

83.4

107.5

4.0

11.3

13.2

72.1

12.9

Terengganu
W.P. Kuala Lumpur2

Sum ber: Kementerian Kesihatan

Source: Ministry of Health

Nota: 1 Termasuk W.P. Labuan

Notes: Includes W.P. Labuan
2

Termasuk W.P. Putrajaya

Includes W.P. Putrajaya

183

Jadual 5.12: Bilangan kes penyakit malaria yang dilaporkan mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 20062010
Table 5.12: Number of reported cases of malaria by state, Malaysia, 20062010
Negeri
State

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Malaysia

5,294

5,456

7,390

7,010

6,650

Johor

119

111

90

108

145

Kedah

118

100

128

69

122

Kelantan

62

78

272

276

176

Melaka

17

16

13

10

13

Negeri Sembilan

23

26

117

90

84

188

112

154

176

196

Perak

51

229

97

70

81

Perlis

145

54

194

86

111

Sabah

3,029

1,159

4,139

4,012

2,644

Sarawak

1,413

3,191

1,909

1,823

2,802

Selangor

90

330

223

209

196

20

30

23

30

21

18

15

27

49

58

Pahang

Pulau Pinang
1

Terengganu
2

W.P. Kuala Lumpur

Sumber: Kementerian Kesihatan

Source: Ministry of Health

Nota: 1 Termasuk W.P. Labuan

Notes: Includes W.P. Labuan
2

Termasuk W.P. Putrajaya

Includes W.P. Putrajaya

Jadual 5.13: Bilangan kes demam denggi dan denggi berdarah yang dilaporkan mengikut negeri,
Malaysia, 20062010
Table 5.13: Number of reported cases of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever by state, Malaysia, 20062010
Negeri
State

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

18,240

24,634

49,335

41,486

46,171

1,841

2,142

3,908

2,528

4,406

Kedah

815

1,178

1,678

750

782

Kelantan

880

1,793

2,399

1,031

3,578

Melaka

596

448

830

769

1,485

Negeri Sembilan

839

854

1,405

1,057

1,501

Pahang

736

1,987

1,327

907

1,688

Perak

902

1,845

4,219

2,734

2,288

Perlis

110

173

184

191

215

1,274

1,527

2,324

2,444

1,834

Sabah

459

1,133

1,115

1,195

2,110

Sarawak

569

384

1,517

4,490

4,240

Selangor

6,078

7,712

21,262

18,676

16,367

276

1,279

1,721

968

1,472

2,865

2,179

5,446

3,746

4,205

Malaysia
Johor

Pulau Pinang
1

Terengganu
2

W.P. Kuala Lumpur

Sumber: Kementerian Kesihatan

Source: Ministry of Health

Nota: 1 Termasuk W.P. Labuan

Notes: Includes W.P. Labuan
2

Termasuk W.P. Putrajaya

Includes W.P. Putrajaya

184

Jadual 5.14: Bilangan kematian mengikut jenis penyakit, Malaysia, 20062010

Table 5.14: Number of deaths by type of diseases, Malaysia, 20062010
Tahun
Year

Demam denggi dan

denggi berdarah
Dengue and dengue
haemorrhagic fever

Malaria

Tifoid
Typhoid

Kolera
Cholera

2006

67

21

2007

82

18

2008

112

30

2009

88r

26

2010

134

33

6
Sumber : Kementerian Kesihatan
Source: Ministry of Health

C. TEKANAN
THE PRESSURE
Jadual 5.15: Peratus perkadaran penduduk bandar mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 20072010
Table 5.15: Percentage of proportion of urban population by state, Malaysia, 20072010
Peratus
Per cent
Negeri
State

2007

2008

2009

20101

Malaysia

63.0

63.2

63.3

71.0

Johor

65.8

65.9

66.1

71.9

Kedah

40.4

40.5

40.7

64.6

Kelantan

35.4

35.7

35.9

42.4

Melaka

68.8

68.9

69.1

86.5

Negeri Sembilan

56.2

56.3

56.4

66.5

Pahang

42.5

42.6

42.7

50.5

Perak

60.1

60.2

60.3

69.7

Perlis

35.2

35.4

35.5

51.4

Pulau Pinang

80.8

80.8

80.9

90.8

Sabah

48.8

49.0

49.2

54.0

49.5

49.7

49.8

53.8

Selangor

88.3

88.3

88.4

91.4

Terengganu

50.7

50.9

51.1

59.1

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

77.9

78.0

78.1

82.3

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

100.0

Sarawak
2

W.P. Kuala Lumpur

W.P. Labuan
W.P. Putrajaya
Nota:

Data 2010 adalah berdasarkan Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan 2010 yang telah disesuaikan kepada kadar kurang
penghitungan
Notes: The 2010 figures are based on 2010 Population and Housing Census which had been adjusted for under enumeration
2

Termasuk W.P. Putrajaya kecuali bagi 2010

Includes W.P. Putrajaya except for 2010
Data 20072009 adalah data unjuran penduduk berdasarkan Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan 2000 yang disesuaikan.
Semakan semula ke atas unjuran penduduk 20012020 telah dibuat berdasarkan trend terkini kadar kesuburan dan
pekerja asing
The 20072009 figures are population projections figures based on the adjusted 2000 Population and Housing Census.
The population projections for 20012020 has been revised based on latest trend of the fertility rate and foreign workers

185

Jadual 5.16: Bilangan kenderaan bermotor yang berdaftar mengikut jenis, Malaysia, 20062010
Table 5.16: Number of motor vehicles registered by type, Malaysia, 20062010

Jenis kenderaan
Vehicles type

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Jumlah berdaftar
Total registered

15,790,732

16,813,943

17,971,901

19,016,782

20,188,565

Motokar
Motorcars

6,941,996

7,419,643

7,966,525

8,506,080

9,114,920

Motosikal
Motorcycles

7,458,128

7,943,364

8,487,451

8,940,230

9,441,907

Teksi dan kereta sewa

Taxis and hire cars

82,047

84,742

90,474

95,728

102,961

Bas
Buses

59,991

62,308

64,050

66,581

69,149

Kenderaan barang
Goods vehicles

836,579

871,234

909,243

936,222

966,177

Lain-lain kenderaan 1
Other vehicles

411,991

432,652

454,158

471,941

493,451

Sumber: Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan

Source: Road Transport Department

Nota:

Merangkumi kenderaan seperti karavan, kenderaan bomba kerajaan & swasta, kenderaan sekolah memandu, kenderaan
mayat, kenderaan orang cacat, kenderaan kerajaan, kenderaan pihak berkuasa tempatan, ambulan dan kenderaan kedutaan
Note: Includes vehicles such as caravans, government & private fire vehicles, driving school vehicles, hearse, vehicle for disabled,
government vehicles, local authority vehicles, ambulance and embassy vehicles

186

Jadual 5.17: Ketibaan dan pelepasan kapal laut yang terlibat dalam perdagangan luar negeri
di pelabuhan terpilih, Malaysia, 20062010
Table 5.17: Arrivals and departures of ocean-going vessel engaged in foreign trade at selected ports,
Malaysia, 200620 10
Bilangan
Number
Ketibaan
Arrivals

Pelabuhan
Ports

Berlepas
Departures

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

40,110

36,947

43,870

40,715

43,664

38,038

36,109

43,821

41,088

43,816

Bintulu

2,646

2,540

2,407

2,563

2,524

2,949

2,753

2,581

2,741

2,886

Kerteh

809

813

872

749

788

809

813

872

749

788

Klang

9,172

8,811

15,191

13,820

14,592

7,111

6,636

15,191

13,820

14,592

Kota Kinabalu

1,038

623

346

238

256

1,038

623

346

238

256

Kuantan

1,918

1,991

1,968

2,049

2,078

1,918

1,991

1,968

2,049

2,078

Kuching

1,667

1,514

1,319

1,292

1,488

1,416

1,339

1,161

1,108

1,143

Melaka1

1,762

1,297

1,196

n.a

1,237

1,602

1,221

962

n.a

1,207

456

483

665

556

664

572

584

777

614

729

9,011

8,874

9,597

8,946

8,515

9,457

8,937

9,338

8,814

8,517

Port Dickson

568

1,074

843

634

606

530

1,042

774

593

580

Pulau Pinang

3,876

1,715

2,538

2,798

3,296

3,588

3,089

3,075

3,374

3,597

Rajang2

1,068

1,136

1,118

948

1,035

931

1,010

978

878

881

Sandakan

1,724

1,619

1,369

1,550

1,779

1,723

1,619

1,369

1,550

1,779

Tanjung Pelepas

2,200

2,476

2,332

2,218

2,405

2,199

2,471

2,320

2,206

2,382

Tawau

1,215

900

972

1,009

1,079

1,215

900

972

1,009

1,079

980

1,081

1,137

1,345

1,322

980

1,081

1,137

1,345

1,322

Jumlah
Total

Miri
Pasir Gudang

W.P. Labuan

Sumber: Jabatan laut Negeri Sembilan, Jabatan Laut W.P. Labuan, Lembaga Pelabuhan Klang, Lembaga
Pelabuhan Johor, Lembaga Pelabuhan Sabah, Suruhanjaya Pelabuhan Pulau Pinang, Johor Port
Berhad, Penang Port Sdn. Bhd, Kuantan Port Consortium Sdn. Bhd.
Source: Marine Department Negeri Sembilan, Marine Department W.P. Labuan, Port Klang Authority, Johor Port
Authority, Sabah Port Authority,Penang Port Commission, Johor Port Berhad, Penang Port Sdn Bhd.,
Kuantan Port Consortium Sdn. Bhd.
1

Nota: Merujuk kepada Pelabuhan Melaka, Sungai Udang dan Tanjung Bruas
Notes: Refers to Port of Melaka, Sungai Udang and Tanjung Bruas
2

Termasuk pelabuhan-pelabuhan di Sibu, Bintangor, Sarikei dan Tanjung Manis

Includes Port at Sibu, Bintangor, Sarikei and Tanjung Manis

187

Jadual 5.18: Perangkaan kereta api, Malaysia, 20062010

Table 5.18: Railway statistics, Malaysia, 20062010

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Hitungan rel kereta api (km)

Length of railroad track (km)

1,949

1,792

1,792

1,792

1,792

Bilangan perjalanan penumpang (000)

Number of passenger journeys (000)

4,084

3,929

3,894

4,451

4,386

1,247,630

1,316,834

1,385,576

1,525,568

1,532,185

4,520

4,899

4,963

5,388

5,531

1,337,102

1,355,530

1,350,629

1,384,380

1,482,799

Hitungan kilometer penumpang (000)

Passenger kilometres (000)

Berat barang-barang berbayar (000 tan metrik)

Tonnage of paying goods traffic (000 tonnes)

Hitungan tan kilometer barang (000)

Total ton-kilometres good traffic (000)

Sumber/Source : Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad, Keretapi Negeri Sabah

Jadual 5.19: Jumlah penumpang yang dikendalikan di lapangan terbang, Malaysia, 20062010
Table 5.19: Total number of passengers handled at airports, Malaysia, 20062010

Bilangan penumpang
Number of passengers

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Jumlah
Total

43,040,984

46,000,715

48,490,641

52,293,198

58,529,853

Berlepas
Embarked

21,615,024

22,968,945

24,235,025

26,281,399

29,264,637

Mendarat
Disembarked

21,425,960

23,031,770

24,255,616

26,011,799

29,265,216

Sumber: Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad

Jabatan Penerbangan Awam Malaysia
Source: Department of Civil Aviation Malaysia

188

Jadual 5.20: Jumlah kargo yang dikendalikan di lapangan terbang, Malaysia, 20062010
Table 5.20: Total cargo handled at airports, Malaysia, 20062010
Tan metrik
Tonnes
Muatan yang dikendalikan
Cargo handled

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Jumlah
Total

6,202,318

6,656,960

5,419,346

6,111,912

7,768,591

Turun
Discharged

2,781,277

2,817,090

2,740,757

2,801,360

3,417,067

Dihantar
Loaded

3,421,041

3,839,870

2,678,589

3,310,552

4,351,524

Sumber : Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad

Jabatan Penerbangan Awam Malaysia
Source: Department of Civil Aviation Malaysia

D. TINDAK BALAS KEPADA KESAN ALAM SEKITAR

RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Jadual 5.21: Buangan terjadual yang diuruskan mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 20062010
Table 5.21: Scheduled waste managed by state, Malaysia, 20062010
Tan metrik
Tonnes
Negeri
State
Jumlah
Total
Johor

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

1,103,457

1,138,839

1,304,899

1,705,308

1,880,929

114,995

144,947

313,235

338,101

295,207

Kedah

6,135

10,365

45,992

53,496

147,349

Kelantan

1,205

1,310

1,617

1,846

2,064

22,237

27,400

18,175

16,800

21,243

9,821

18,633

44,948

236,345

55,573

34,498

12,904

13,308

7,334

69,407

Perak

167,480

160,264

189,188

182,332

224,786

Perlis

6,573

1,241

825

873

2,116

Melaka
Negeri Sembilan
Pahang

Pulau Pinang

22,776

61,212

60,559

257,089

273,370

107,473

4,724

4,474

4,563

5,297

Sarawak

38,227

18,391

36,355

32,486

54,932

Selangor

294,384

303,590

245,471

197,923

211,411

Terengganu

270,790

368,944

322,432

367,701

506,227

W.P. Kuala Lumpur

3,872

1,552

4,994

7,359

9,537

W.P. Labuan

2,988

3,363

3,327

1,060

2,410

Sabah

Sumber: Jabatan Alam Sekitar

Source: Department of Environment

189

Jadual 5.22: Kuantiti buangan terjadual yang dieksport mengikut jenis buangan, Malaysia, 20062010
Table 5.22: Quantity of scheduled waste exported by type of waste, Malaysia, 20062010
Tan metrik
Tonnes
Jenis buangan
Type of waste

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Jumlah
Total

5,806

7,108

5,720

2921r

1,517

Buangan elektrik & elektronik

Electrical & electronic wastes

1,925

2,350

2,089

977

794

Enapcemar hidroksida logam

Metal hydroxide sludge

1,769

2,592

2,816

1,186

267

Mangkin terpakai
Spent catalyst

645

794

364

199

13

Bahan blasting terpakai

Used blasting material

105

119

120

25

Toner terpakai
Used toner

139

47

50

110

116

24

133

88

23

117

1,082

1,050

Phenolic resin

Pelarut organik
Waste organic solvent

Buangan mengandungi formaldehid

Wastes containing formaldehyde
Buangan mengandungi merkuri
Solid waste containing mercury
compound
Buangan bateri nikel-kadmium
Waste of nickel cadmium battery
Dross zink
Zinc dross

123

57

200

81

88r

90

150

155

Sumber: Jabatan Alam Sekitar

Source: Department of Environment

190