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Lecture 3 Sampling

The lecture covered discrete-time signals generation through sampling continuous-time signals, the sampling theorem stating that a signal must be sampled at least twice the maximum frequency to avoid aliasing, and the concept of aliasing where two different signals can be represented by the same samples if sampled below the Nyquist rate.

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Salman Khan
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30 views18 pages

Lecture 3 Sampling

The lecture covered discrete-time signals generation through sampling continuous-time signals, the sampling theorem stating that a signal must be sampled at least twice the maximum frequency to avoid aliasing, and the concept of aliasing where two different signals can be represented by the same samples if sampled below the Nyquist rate.

Uploaded by

Salman Khan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Today's lecture

System Implementation Discrete Time signals generation Sampling Theorem Sampling Rate Sinusoidal Signal Sampling Concept of Aliasing Spectrum for Discrete Time Domain Digital Frequency
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Systems Process Signals

System Implementation

Discrete-time Signals
There are two ways to obtain discrete time signal.
a) Can be computed using a formula such as

x[n]= n2 - 5n +3

b) Sample the continous time signal. x(t) = A cos (ot + )


Signal represented as an indexed sequence of numbers which are samples of x(t) at Ts interval

x[n] = x(nTs)

Sampling x(t)

Sampling Theorem
Continuous-time signal x(t) with frequencies no higher than fmax can be reconstructed from its samples x(k Ts) if samples taken at rate fs > 2 fmax
Nyquist rate = 2 fmax Nyquist frequency = fs / 2 Sampling theorem also suggests that there should be two samples per cycle.

Example: Sampling audio signals


Normal human hearing is from about 20 Hz to 20 kHz
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Sampling Rate

Sampling Sinusoidal Signals

Digital Frequency

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The Concept of Aliasing


Two different cosine signals can be drawn through the same samples x1[n] = cos(0.4n) x2[n] = cos(2.4n) x2[n] = cos(2n + 0.4n) x2[n] = cos(0.4n) x2[n] = x1[n]
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Example

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