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This document discusses how to use the SQL EXISTS operator to check if a subquery returns one or more rows. The EXISTS operator returns TRUE if the subquery returns at least one row and returns FALSE if the subquery returns no rows. Examples show how to use EXISTS to check if orders exist for each customer, and how to use NOT EXISTS to find customers with no orders.

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29 views2 pages

Untitled 4

This document discusses how to use the SQL EXISTS operator to check if a subquery returns one or more rows. The EXISTS operator returns TRUE if the subquery returns at least one row and returns FALSE if the subquery returns no rows. Examples show how to use EXISTS to check if orders exist for each customer, and how to use NOT EXISTS to find customers with no orders.

Uploaded by

zooferic
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL EXISTS

Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use SQL EXISTS to test if a subquery return one or more rows. This tutorial requires a good knowledge of subquery concept. If you do not know anything about the subquery, you can follow the SQL subquery tutorial before going forward with this tutorial. SQL EXISTS operator syntax SQL provides EXISTS operator to test if a subquery return one or more rows. The syntax of the EXISTS operator is as follows:
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1WHERE [NOT] EXISTS (subquery)


Lets examine the syntax above in a greater detail: WHERE [NOT] EXISTS: checks the subquery for existence of one or more rows. If the subquery returns at least one row, the expression in the WHERE clause returns a boolean value of TRUE. If you use NOT operator before the EXISTS operator, the expression will return a boolean value of TRUE if subquery returns no row. (subquery) : the subquery to test. You can use the EXISTS operator in any SQL statement that accepts WHERE clause such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATEand DELETE. Examples of using SQL EXISTS operator We can use the EXISTS operator to find customer who has ordered products from us. For each customer in the customers table, we check if there is at least one order exists in the orders table.
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1SELECT customerid, companyName 2 3FROM customers 4WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT orderid 5 6 FROM orders 7 WHERE orders.customerid = customers.customerid)

SQL EXISTS with subquery returns NULL example If the subquery returns null, the expression EXIST NULL returns true. Lets take a look at the following example:

SQL NOT EXISTS example We can use NOT EXIST to find customer who has never purchased anything by checking if no order exist in the orders table:
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1SELECT customerid, companyName 2 3FROM customers 4WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT orderid 5 6 FROM orders 7 WHERE orders.customerid = customers.customerid)

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