Communication Software and Design (Software process and requirement) ECM650
Dr Azlina Idris Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA
Introduction (1/2)
Communication Software and Design Covers the concept of communication system design and simulation. Includes communication system design fundamentals, simulation techniques and methods as well as system performance validation. Learning Outcomes: Describe the fundamental concepts of communication software design and explain methods of designing a communication system using computer software. Identify the problems involved in designing a communication system and formulate the respective solution Design and validate a communication system using a design software.
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Introduction (2/2)
Importance of software in communication system design:
Analysis, testing and verification prior to hardware design process. Optimization of hardware design. Performance prediction of a system.
Types of simulations and design tools
Design of microwave elements Design of physical layer, such as protocol, interfaces, timing related specifications.
Types of simulations and design tools
Communication System Design
- Design of the complete communication system
Circuit Design RF, Microwave Engineering
Embedded System, FPGA, digital IC
C++
Pspice
Genesis
SILVACO
MATLAB
OrCAD
CST
VHDL
System C
ADS
ADS
Verilog
ECM420 Chapter1: Vector Algebra
Introduction to MATLAB
MATLAB is a numerical computing environment and 4thGeneration programming language. Developed by MathWorks and this program (MATLAB) allows:matrix manipulations plotting of functions and data
implementation of algorithms
creation of user interfaces interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C, C++, Java and Fortran. Advantages of MATLAB: - Pre-defined built-in functions.
- Easy to create user-defined custom functions.
- User friendly coding methods. - Integration with Simulink
MATLAB Workspace/Command Window
Workspace
Command Window
Command History
Example of MATLAB coding
Variable definition Fundamental Arithmetic Plotting graphs
Definition of variables
Two general method: 1) Define manually 2) Using MATLAB built in functions. Manual method: By directly input at Matlab Command Prompt. Binded by several rules:
Each element must be separated using a blank, tab, or comma. All defined elements must be inside [ ] Every end of each row is marked by ; . If ; is used at the end of statement, the output will not be shown
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(a) Matrix of real numbers >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 0] or A = [1,2,3 ; 4,5,6; 7,8,0] A= 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 (b) Matrix of complex numbers >> F = [ 1+i 2+3i ; 3+2i 4 + 4i ] F= 1+ i 2+3i 3+2i 4+4i
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Definition of variables (cont)
Using functions method: Various already created built-in functions existed in MATLAB. These functions can be used to create various types of data stream including random numbers, and special matrix. Commonly used built-in functions:
Functions
Zeros Ones Eye Diag Randn Randn . . .
Definitions
Matrix of zeros Matrix of ones Matrix unit Diagnal matrix Random Normalized random number
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Examples
2 x 3 matrix of all zeros: >> zeros (2,3) ans = 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 x 3 matrix of all ones: >> ones (3) ans = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 x 5 matrix of random numbers (pseudo noise): >> randn(1,5) ans = 0.951 0.2211 0.6068 0.4860 0.8913
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Examples
Data with a constant increment can be generated easily using the below format: >> initial value : increment : final value Vector data consist of {1,2,3,4,..9,10}: >> h = 1 : 1 : 10 or >> h = 1: 10 (applies only for increment of 1) ans = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Some useful operations of data
Generated data can be manipulated using several easy operations.
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Basic Arithmetic
MATLAB is included with various types of arithmetic functions, including specialized ones. Example of commonly used arithmetic functions
Functions + * / or \ .* ./ or .\ ^ .^ Definitions sum minus multiplication division Multiplication of elements Division of elements Power Power (elements)
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Scalar Functions
Example:
Functions sin, cos, tan asin, acos, atan Sinh, cosh, tanh exp Log, log2, log10 sqrt abs Conj Real, imag . . Definitions Trigonometric functions Inverse trigonometric functions Hyperbolic functions exponential Log functions Square root Calculate absolute value Complex conjugate Dividing complex numbers to real and imaginary parts
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Plotting graphs
Graphics functions: 2D,3D
Functions (2D plots) Definitions Plot Loglog Semilogx, semilogy Polar Bar Pie Hist Axis Grid subplot . . Linear plot Log plot Semilog plot Polar plot Bar plot Pie plot Histogram plot Set range for axis Display grid line Plot graphs in a subwindow
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Plotting Graphs (cont)
Plotting a sine graph: x = 0:pi/100:20*pi; y = sin(x); plot(x,y) axis([0 20*pi -1 1]) grid
Plotting two sine graph: x = 0:pi/100:20*pi; y = sin(x); y2 = 0.5*sin(2*x); plot(x,y,x,y2) axis([0 20*pi -1 1]) grid
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Plotting graphs (cont)
Subplot: subplot(2,1,1) plot(x,y) grid subplot(2,1,2) plot(x,y2) grid
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M-file
Two types: script m-file, function m-file Script m-file: write commands simultaneously beforehand, and compile in one file. Save the file as extension *.m. Benefit: Able to do repeated operation with the use of variables. * variables defined inside an M-file will also be recognized as a global variable. Example: Copy and paste the commands in previous exercises in an MFile and compile. You should get the same result.
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Introduction to Simulink
A GUI base simulation tools inside MATLAB. Usage of blocks to assemble larger systems. Pre-generated blocks have several limitations. Can create customized blocks using m-file, C and etc,
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Simulink (cont)
Start Simulink by clicking on the icon at the toolbar
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Simulink (cont)
Simulink library and model browser
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Simulink (cont)
Common types of Block Libraries in Simulink - Sources: Signal Sources - Sinks: Monitor and logging of signals - Discrete: Discrete Systems Blocks - Linear - Non-linear - Connections: Signal connections and management
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Exercises:
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