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Why Vibration Testing Needed?

This document discusses vibration testing and modal analysis. It describes how vibration testing is used to determine modal parameters, verify analytical models, and test product reliability. Modal testing involves exciting a structure with shakers or hammers and measuring the response with sensors. Signal analysis techniques like Fourier transforms, correlation, and power spectral density are used to analyze the vibration signals and extract modal data like natural frequencies and damping ratios. Digital signal processing is also used to analyze the vibration testing results.

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Mahir Mahmood
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34 views9 pages

Why Vibration Testing Needed?

This document discusses vibration testing and modal analysis. It describes how vibration testing is used to determine modal parameters, verify analytical models, and test product reliability. Modal testing involves exciting a structure with shakers or hammers and measuring the response with sensors. Signal analysis techniques like Fourier transforms, correlation, and power spectral density are used to analyze the vibration signals and extract modal data like natural frequencies and damping ratios. Digital signal processing is also used to analyze the vibration testing results.

Uploaded by

Mahir Mahmood
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vibration Testing

2103-433: Introduction to Mechanical Vibration Year: 2006

Why vibration testing needed?


Modal testing to determine modal parameters such as natural frequencies, modal damping and mode shapes Verification of analytical model Product reliability test, e.g., shock and vibration Machine condition monitoring

Modal testing diagram


Source of excitation Structure

Dynamic signal analyzer: display both time and frequency responses and real time calculation of Fourier transform.

Vibration sensor

Sensor senses and converts the motion into electrical signal.

Actuator
Need excitation with wide bandwidth of frequency covering all interested modes.

Impulse hammer
Built-in force sensor

Vibration shaker

provides impulsive force to the tested structure

provide harmonic, swept-sine, or random excitation to the tested structure

Signal Analysis
Basic concept: - Fourier transform - Correlation - Power Spectral Density (PSD) - FRF determined from input- and outputPSD - Digital processing

Fourier Series of periodic signals

Coefficients of Fourier series indicate the density of signal at various discrete harmonic frequencies.

Fourier Transform
Real impulse signal For any non-periodic signal, Fourier transform indicates density of the signal at various continuous frequencies.

Coefficients of continuous series of harmonics

Correlation
Correlation indicates how fast the signal is changing compared to itself (auto) or other signal (cross). Auto-correlation

Cross-correlation

Power Spectral Density (PSD)


PSD is Fourier transform of the correlation. Auto-PSD: Cross-PSD:

PSD indicates the energy density of signal at various frequencies and hence has a unit of power.

What does the PSD of vibration response, when subject to the uniform input at various frequencies, tell us about? PSD or vibration energy at resonance frequencies will be maximum.

FRF determined from PSD

Digital Signal Processing

Modal testing

Modal data extraction


Natural frequencies: frequencies at peaks Modal damping: half-power method for 1-DOF lightly damped system

Half power method can be applied to M-DOF lightly damped system whose resonance frequencies are far apart.

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