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Electronic Warfare and Counter-Measures

This document provides an overview of electronic warfare and countermeasures. It discusses three components of electronic warfare: electronic support (detection and tracking of enemy signals), electronic attack (jamming enemy signals), and electronic protection (protecting friendly signals). Key points include: increased reliance on radar/communications requires electronic warfare capabilities; passive electronic support involves ELINT and COMINT signals intelligence; electronic attack includes noise jamming, deception, and use of anti-radiation missiles; and electronic protection aims to modify friendly radars/platforms and use chaff/flares to defend against enemy electronic warfare. The document outlines U.S. airborne and shipboard electronic warfare systems like the ALQ-99 and SLQ-32.

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Er Navdeep Singh Rathore
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180 views

Electronic Warfare and Counter-Measures

This document provides an overview of electronic warfare and countermeasures. It discusses three components of electronic warfare: electronic support (detection and tracking of enemy signals), electronic attack (jamming enemy signals), and electronic protection (protecting friendly signals). Key points include: increased reliance on radar/communications requires electronic warfare capabilities; passive electronic support involves ELINT and COMINT signals intelligence; electronic attack includes noise jamming, deception, and use of anti-radiation missiles; and electronic protection aims to modify friendly radars/platforms and use chaff/flares to defend against enemy electronic warfare. The document outlines U.S. airborne and shipboard electronic warfare systems like the ALQ-99 and SLQ-32.

Uploaded by

Er Navdeep Singh Rathore
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electronic Warfare and Counter-Measures

What is Electronic Warfare?

Electronic Warfare (EW)


Element of Command & Control Warfare (C2W) Command and Control Warfare (C2W) includes integrated use of:
Operational Security (OPSEC) Military Deception Psychological Operations (PSYOPS) Physical Destruction Electronic Warfare (EW)

Importance of EW
Increased reliance on radar and OTH targeting Increased use of Communications and Tactical Data Systems (TDS) Increased capabilities of missile & weapons system
Requires high-speed detection and tracking

Active/Passive homing long-range missile give little warning

Three Components of EW
Electronic Support (ES) *ESM Electronic Attack (EA) *ECM Electronic Protection (EP)

*ECCM

Electronic Support (ES)


Passive surveillance of the EM spectrum to detect the enemys position, strength, and intention, and warning of targets -Detection -Recognition -Warning -Avoidance -Tracking -Targeting -Destruction

Passive EW (ES)
ELINT Electronic Intelligence
Foreign non-communications elecromagnetic information

COMINT Communications Intelligence


Foreign communications transmissions intercepted by other than the intended recipients

Advantages and Limitations

ES Receiver Design Requirements


Wide spectrum surveillance Wide dynamic range Unwanted signal rejection Angle-of-Arrival measurement Signal Analysis capability Real-Time Display Recording System

Electronic Attack (EA)


Preventing or reducing the enemys use of the EM spectrum (capabilities) and promoting uncertainty Black boxes that jam or deceive the enemy Radar or communications jamming

Electronic Attack (EA)


Use of active and passive energy to attack
Personnel Facilities Equipment

Four Classes of EA
Jamming Modifiers Radar-absorbing materials (RAM) Physical Destruction

Non-Destructive EA
Denial: overload oppositions receiver to deny its use by the enemy
Jamming
Noise Spot Barrage Sweep

Chaff Flares

Noise Jamming
Definition: Noise jamming is the deliberate radiation, re-radiation, or reflection of electromagnetic energy with the purpose of impairing the use of electronic devices, equipment, or systems being used by the enemy.

Effective Jamming PW

Rcvd Signal Amp.

PRT

Ineffective Jamming

time

Jamming
TGT Freq True Noise

Ideal Jammer

Actual Spot Jammer

Non-Destructive EA (cont.)
Deception: Create false image or change images characteristics on a radar display. Misleads or spoofs
Repeaters: delay received radar signal and retransmitting at a slightly later time Transponders: Create false signal by playing back a stored replica of the radar signal Chaff - disguise Radar Decoys Blip Enhancers Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Modification

Decoys

Velocity Gate Pull Off (VGPO)


Target Return Velocity Gate Gate Pull-Off

Confusion/Deception

Chaff Corridor

Flares (active)

Chaff False Targets

Multiple False Targets

Real Target

Strobes

Cover Pulse Jamming


Reactive Jamming

EA-6B Prowler!!!!!!!!!

Passive Detection
1. 2. 3. 4. Radar IFF TACAN Jamming

Destructive EA
Anti-Radiation Missiles SLAM HARM Sidewinder Directed Energy

SLAM ER
Stand-off Land Attack Missile-Expanded Response

https://wrc.navair-rdte.navy.mil/warfighter_enc/weapons/airlanch/slamer/slamer.htm

HARM
High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile

HARM Results

Portable Serbian Radar

AIM-9 Sidewinder

Electronic Protection (EP)


Definition: EP is the division of electronic warfare involving actions taken to protect personnel, facilities and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy employment of electronic warfare that degrade, neutralize or destroy friendly combat capability.

Electronic Protection (EP)


Protection of friendly combat capability against undesirable effect of friendly or enemy employed EW Types
Passive EW Active EW

Electronic Protection (EP)


Three ways to defend from enemy EW
Modify radar
Make it more complex Make it harder to jam

Modify the Medium


Chaff Torch

Modify the platform

EP: Radar Design


Power Frequency PRF PW Pulse Shape Antenna Design Scan Pattern

EP Factors
Burnthrough: Increase signal strength to overpower jammer noise (ECCM) Emission Control (EMCON)
Alpha Bravo Charlie Delta

Operator Recognition Training

EP Factors (Cont.)
Frequency Agility

Slider Stepper FREQ Random

TIME

U.S. Shipboard EW Capabilities


SLQ-32 Sidekick
On all combatants Radar warning, detection and jamming Uses internal library to auto detect/categorize

Infrared Flares
On all combatants

Chaff
On all combatants

U.S. Shipboard EW Capabilities


SSQ-108 Outboard On some DDG, CG, LHA, LHD Any ship with SSES Real-time OTH passive detection, localization, and targeting

SLQ-39 Chaff Buoy


On Arleigh Burke class

Rubber Duck
Looks like a life boat container

U.S. Airborne EW Capabilities


ALQ-99 - EW system on EA-6B Prowler ALQ-162 - EA jamming system on F-14 & F/A 18 ALQ-142 - ES system on SH-60 Seahawk ALQ-165 - EA jamming system on F/A-18 ALR-47 - ES detection system on S-3 Viking ALR-68 - ES detection system on P-3C Orion ALR-73 - ES detection system on E-2 Hawkeye Chaff - On SH-60 Seahawk

ALQ-99
Detection, Identification, tracking Communication, Data Link, and radar jamming Deception: mimics radar signals EA-6B Prowler

ALQ-162
Radar Jamming F/A-18 Hornet Automatic radar jamming against surfaceto-air and airborne intercept missiles that use continuous wave (CW) radars

ALQ-142
Electronic Support System SH- 60 Seahawk Real time Identification and bearing of surveillance radars

Jamming Effectiveness
Match the victim radars RF Be continuous Have sufficient power

Frequency Techniques
RF Change RF Diversity RF Agility Diplexing

Methods to Defeat Direct Threat Jamming

Variable PRF

Questions?

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