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cgvwYZ ee ev cgvYhvM gZvgZ mv`i AvgwZ|

14

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15

Avi mB weRq kYxMZ HK-msnwZ nvwmj kwgK kYxi ewkK msMVbKwgDwb cvwU h_vh_fve cyb:MwVZ I KvhKi Ges kwkvjx njB `ywbqv nZ
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15,bf^i, 2011| XvKv|

16

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17

weki KwZcq Z_-Dcv hgb AvekK Zgb welqwU myKiY mnvqK

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DjL, hyiv 2010 mvj- gvU RbmsLv-313,232,044Rb, gvU
wRwWwc-$ 14.66 wUwjqb, Ges (M) LvZ Z_v gv_v cwZ evwlK Mo Avq -$

18

47.200| 75 UvKv nvi evsjv`kx gy`vq 354,000.00 UvKv Ges gvm

295,000.00 UvKv gv| Avi evsjv`k, bcvj I KsMvZ 2010 mvj gv_v
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wKjvwgUvi; Ges gvU Rjc_-2004 mvj-671,886 wKjvwgUvi| gvU
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wewjqb, 1974 mvj-4 wewjqb, 1988 mvj-5 wewjqb, 2000 mvj -6
wewjqb, Ges 2011 mvji Avei 7 wewjqb |

19

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20

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21

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22

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23

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24

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25

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26

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mgeqmx| AZ:ci, `vm ev `vmZ Avi ivRv ev ivRbwZK KZZI mgeqmx|
myZivs, `vmZi weavb ag Ges `vmI mgeqmx|
A_P, 1jvL 95 nvRvi eQi ch gvbeRvwZ wQj hgb Cki I ag gy Zgb ivRvev`kv I ivRKxq mnhvwM DwRi-bvwRi, mbv-KvZqvj, KvwR-agev I i
Z_v ciRxex I ciRxexZv gy| AZ:ci, ciRxexZvi m~Pbv Z_v D-kg Drcb
mvgMx ev D-g~j Drcb nIqv _K G hver hv wKQy bvq, bvh, mZ I mybxwZ
wnmve Pvjy I Rvix AvQ Zv- cKZv_B Abvq, Abvh, AmZ I `ybxwZ| KvRB,
Kwg mZ, Kwg bvq, Kwg bvhZv, Kwg bxwZ I Kwg bwZKZv viv
cwiPvwjZ, PvwjZ I ZvwoZ nQ GLbv gvbyl KejB D-kg Drcb DmvgMx ev D-g~ji nZzev`|ZvBZv,kYx wef mgvRi wbqYKvix mKj
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Abvh, AhwK I A^vfvweK|ZvB GmeB cKZv_ gvbyl, gvbweKZv I gvbweK
ghv`vi Rb AegvbbvKi-wZKi|
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j KvR KivUvB ^vfvweK| wK, `vm gvwjK I mvg cfyiv `vm`i civwRZAaxb Ki cKwZK weRq bq, KejB `vm-f~wg`vm`i kg wejvmx Rxeb
hvcbi myweavq wbR`iK hgb Cki-CkixMYi c `vm-f~wg`vmi Rxeb I
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cKwZ RvZ P`-m~h, cw_ex BZKvi Mn-b Ges ec BZvw`K Cki ev
Ckii mnhvwM `eZv BZvw` mvwRq Rxeb I ab-m`i iK-meK mve
I Z`v_ civPbv-cjy I fxq-fxwZ c`kbi gvag gvbylK eva Kijv GB
me Kw_Z bvbvb `eZvi c~uRv-Dcmbv KiZ| dj, cKwZiI `vm cwiYZ nj
gvbyl| ZvBZv, cKwZ Rq I cKwZK RvbZ PvIqvi cwieZ cKwZ I Rxe Ges
Rxei wqvw` mK KejB AZv-g~LZvi AKvi MZ wbcwZZ iBj cyiv
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BwZnvmI bq, Kejgv cw_ex h wi bq, ZvI KvcvwbKvmi c~e RvbZ
cviwb KD| cuywRZ- cuywRi Zvobvq vb-wevbi c_ hvv i KijI
wevbK eenvi KiQ KejB gybvdvi ^v_ ZvBZv cuywRZx mgvR wevb gb
bv nq eis wevb I evwbKZvK cuywRi wkKj e`x Ki giY`kvq DcbxZ nq
cuywRcwZ kYxI wUK _vKvi Rb Avkq wbQ agxq gZv`ki wkwei| mRbB
Kej ew bq, e ivi ag nQ eU bvbvb ag wekl|

27

agi AveiY KvhZ ivRbwZK KZZ w`q i -ciRxexZvi msivq D-kg

Drcb mvgMx fvMxiv Kejgv Cki mw KiB v nqwb, Dci Cki I
Ckii DivwaKvi ivRKxq KZcK iv I KvhKi ivLZ mgvU nvyivexB c_g
wjwLZ AvBb Pvjy Ki, Zviv ivR`vnx I `vm`i `weavb mgZ Acivci
ciRxex Z_v cfy`i civwRZ I civf~Z Ki wbR wbR WvBbxi Aaxb I `vm
msLv ewaZ Kivi Rb mKj ivRbeMB Rb w`qQ mbvmn bvbvb evwnbx|
dj- cKwZ nZ D~Z njI cKwZ Rq cKwZi mv_ hy wj gvbyl `vmZi
Rb jM nZB wbRiv ciii weiI hy wj nj| KvRB, hy,Lyb, RLg,
mvm, jyb, `Lj, Rei`Lj,e`Lj, wnsmv, wel, nvgjv, AvgY, BZKvi
RNb wqvw` hgb ciRxexZvi mnRvZ I DcRvZ Zgb ciRxexZvi mg eqmx|
nZv-jyb, AwM mshvM-alY, fvsPzi-asmh, fq-mvm I Akvwi ivRbwZK
g~Zic hyi Rxe DcKiY `vmiv hvZ AvgZz cfyi ^v_ RxebcvZ Ki m
Rb `vm`iK gvbwmKfve eskciivq gvbyl bq, eis cfy f KzKzi Z~j
`vmvby`vm evwbq ivLvi e`gZje I Z`v_ `yiwfmwg~j m gZv`k BZvw`i
mRb-bexKiY I gwngv KxZb BZvw`i RbI i, BZKvi eywRxex bvgK
ciRxexZvi DwQfvMx GKwU wekl MviI Rb w`qQ kvlKiv|
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cqvRbxq mvgMx Drcb mK Lv` `vmiv hvZ RvbZ-eySZ bv cvi,
wecixZ `vmiv euP-eZ _vKvi Rb D-g~jfvMx`i `qv-`vwY wfv
Ki GKw`K Cki I Ckii Askx`vi ivRKxq KZZK AvgZz Rxeb I RxweKvi
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gZv`k -Rxeb`kb Z_v Rxeb I RMr mw Ges RvMwZK-mvgvwRK wqvw`
mK fyqv-AmZ I evbvqvwU gZv`k mRb Ki Cki I Ckii cwZwbwaic
ivRKxq KZZK fyqv I AmZfve m`i mv -`vZv I iK mve KiQ;
GgbwK cuywRZx hyMI hLb Kw_Z Ckii Kzg-wb`k ev `qv-`vwY ev
Kejgv cvKwZK myhvM-myweavi AvbyKzj ab-m` Drcv`b-msMn bq eis
weic I eix cvKwZK cwiekK ekxf~Z Ki I cvKwZK m`i egywLb
eenvi Ki Cki bq,gvbyli m-cwZwZ AvaywbK wk-KvivLvbvq w`ev-ivwi
eeavb I `~iZ NywQq w`q cvKwZK m` kg cqvM Ki cvKwZK m`K
eenvi I wewbgq DchvwM cY cwiYZ Ki h kwgK kYx mB kwgK kYxKI
g~j I D-g~j Ercb kgi f~wgKv mK eySZ-RvbZ bv w`Z ev mvgvwRK
kg m g~ji Askx`vixZ welq AmPZb I AKvi ivLZ cYi DcKiY ev
g~ji DcKiY I Askx`vi mK Ckii bvg bv njI A_kvi AveiY
cuywRZx eywRxexiv AmZ-evbvqvwU Mvj-M Zix KiQ | ZvB, Zviv cY
Drcv`b- cuywR, f~wg, D`vM I gRyiK AvekKxq MY Ki mgZ m`y, LvRbv,
gybvdv I gRywi bxwZ KvhKi KiQ| wKy, AvcvZ `wZ I evnZ welqwU wVK ej

28

gb njI KvhZ f~wg eenvi LvRbv w`Z njI cKZB f~wgZ ewgvwjKvbv
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GKvjI cuywRZx A_bxwZRxexiv bxie _vKQb| Rvbb bv ejv hve bv Ze ^xq
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Drcb nq kg nZ| A_vr cYi Dcv`vb `yUvi GKwU - cvKwZK m` g~jnxb
ej Aci Dcv`vb kgB cY g~j mshvRb Ki| ZvB kg kw wewKvix kwgKB
Drcb Ki g~j AZGe D-g~j A_vr cuywR|
mgZ~j ev Z~jg~j wewbgqnxb g~j MnY Z_v Acii kg AvZmvr/fvM-eenvi
Kiv hnZz Abvh, Abvq I Aciva mnZz bvh I bvqmsMZfveB
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ciRxexZvi hveZxq myhvM-myweav envj ivLvi Rb cfy e`bv-c~uRv BZKvi
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hy`i
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cnmbg~jKfve cKZ AcivaxivB cwivZv I wePviK mve nqQ|
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Mv wekl Rb w`q DPeYxq`i ejv nj eywRxex Z_v mgvRi gv_v |
Ze, Kej fyqv gZevw`K evZviY ev AvPvi-AvPiY viv evaMZ ivLv hve bv
`vm`i Zv- wbR`i fvM-wjv I Rb BwZnvm nZ RvbZv ciRxexiv| ZvB,
Rxebnvwb mn bvbvb aiYi K-hYv I cxov viv `vm`i `vmZ Z_v cfyi cwZ

29

AvbyMZ eRvq ivLZ A_vr cKZ Acivax`i evbvbv I evbvqvwU gvb` AvBb
fsMKvix`i ` weavb A_vr ivRKxq KZZ wiKZ ivRvvaxb cZKi hv hv
KiYxq Zv Zv Kiv , Ges hv hv bv KiYxq Zv Zv bv Kivi Rb evaMZ ivLZ Dchy
` weavb A_vr ivRKxq wewa-weavb fsM-Agvb I jswNZ I AKvhKi ne GUv
RvbZv eU ivRKxq KZZ; Avi hw` ZvB nq ZeZv ciRxexiv ciRxexZvi
myhvM-myweav nvive; ZvBZv ciRxex`i ciRxexZvi Zver myhvM-myweav
hvZ wecb I weN bv nq, eis Zv h_vwenxZ ejer _vK Ges Zv KvhKi ivLZ
chvqg eywRxex`i Ask weklK wePvwiK KvRKvievi wbqvwRZ Kiv
nqQ| AZ:ci,Aciva I ` Z_v Z`v_ wePvwiK wqv Avi ciRxexZv mgeqmx|
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Kg-ek ciRxexZvi mgeqmx I ciRxexZvi myhvM nZ D~Z| Ze, Aciva,
Acivax, wePviv_x I wePviK, Ges ` I gIKzd ev gvRbv hZvw`b mgvR I fvlvq
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cve bv|
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bxwZ Ges `ybxwZ BZKvi welqK msv BZvw` cKZB fyqv,wg_v , Kwg I
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I evwYR mnhvwM cwZvb, Z_vKw_Z Dbqb mnhvwM cwZvb BZKvi Zver
cwZvb, msMVb-msvi hveZxq eqfvi hywMqQ I hvMvq -`vm, f~wg`vm I
gRywi `vm| KvRB, ivRv-ev`kv, `eZv-mgvU, gx-mbvcwZ I wePvicwZ
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AvBbRxex, agRxex, Ges mbvmx Mqin mKjB D-kg ev D-g~j
AvZmvrKvix; ZvB Zviv mKjB ciRxex| myZivs, ciRxex mgZ ciRxexZvi
mKj cwZvb-msv I msMVb gvbyli gyw I ^vaxbZvi cwZeK I k|
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eQii ekx njI gv Dbwesk kZvwi c~e D-g~j Z AvweZ-evLvZ I
msvwqZ nqwb| Ze whwb Zv Avwevi KiQb wZwb Kvb gnv gwblx ev Gic

30

ZKgvavix KD bq, eis md GKRb gvbyl, A_vr kYxnxb-mvgZ`x; Ges wZwb

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Ki gvbyl gvbyl mgZvi wfw hvwMq hvQ|
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AvweZ D-g~j Gi hyM Z_v cuywRZx mgvR wPwZ I wbw`KiY cuywR Mi
c_g evK GB: : The wealth of those societies in which the captalist

31

mode of production prevails, present itself as an immense

accumulation of commodities, its unit being a single commodity.
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weivwRZ mLvb cYi GK AwZKvq cywfeb wnmve, m` wbRK Dcvcb
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m~hi Avjv, mgy`-eid I ewi cvwb, evq~, LwbR c`v_, f~wg Ges eb-RsMji
ei eenvi DchvwMZv _vKjI Zv`i wbR^ Kvbv g~j bvB| wK, gvbyl hLb
H mKj cvKwZK m` Gi Dci kg cqvM Ki ZLb ZvZ g~j mw nq| hgb
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wewbgq g~ji wewbgq eenvi KiZ nq| KviY, wmwjvi wbgvY eeZ jvnvmn
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cwigvY kg mgq jMQ mB cwigvY g~j Drcb nqQ nZz mB mgqi
cwigvc jebv gvwUi `vg wbw` nq| Avevi jeb dvixZ H jebv gvwU
KuvPvgvj wnmve eenvi Ki kwgKi kg kw cqvM Z_v kg hy Ki we
jeb Drcb Kiv nq| GZ KuvPvgvjmn dwii eenvi Z_v hcvwZ q-wZ
eveZ g~j Z_v kg h cwigvY GKwU wbw` cwigvY we jeb mshvwRZ nq
Zvi mv_ Zv Drcb h cwigvY kg hy nqQ, Zv A_vr D cwigvY we jeb
Drcb c~evci mshvwRZ mKj kgi hvMdj nQ mB wbw` cwigvY we
jebi g~j | A_vr wbw` cwigvY we jeb mB `vgB evRvi wew nq wVK
ZvZ h cwigvY gvU kg mshvwRZ nqQ| Avevi, Bwjk gvQ mvMii cvwbZ
Rb gi MjI Zv g~jnxb; wK kg cqvM Ki Bwjk gvQ wkKvi Ki hLb
evRvi bIqv nq ZLb gvQ wkKvi eeZ bKv ev RvnvR I Rvji AvbycvwZK

32

nvii eq I Zvi mv_ wkKvix`i h cwigvY kg hy nq Zvi mgcwigvY `vgB

GKwU wbw` cwigvY gvQ wew nq| A_vr kgvrcb eenivchvwM `ewj
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`e cwiYZ nq| myZivs, cvKwZK m` bq, kgB Drcb Ki g~j| ZvB AeeZ
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Ges (2) kg|
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mwnZ wewbgqhvM I h_vixwZ wewbgq nq| Drcb Kg cwigvY kg eeZ nq ej
jebi `vg Kg nZ cvi| wK, 1 KwR Bwjk gvQi mwnZ 25 KwR jebi
wVKB wewbgq nq| A_ev, 200 KwR Bwjk gvQi wewbgq cvIqv hve GK AvD
mvbv| KviY 1 AD mvbv Dvjb h cwigvY kg ewqZ nq 200 KwR Bwjk
gvQ AvniYI mB cwigvY kg ewqZ nqQ| Avevi 25 KwR jeb Drcv`b h
cwigvY kg jMQ 1 KwR Bwjk gvQ AvniY mB cwigvY kg ewqZ nqQ|
myZivs, cY kg mgZv jvf Ki|
G cmsM gvKm cyuywRi 1g fvM, 1g Aavq cY, cv-103 G wjLQbkgvrcb cYwj g~j wnmve GKwU mgic mvgvwRK mv jvf Ki Kej wewbgq
nqB, mB mv DchvMi mvgMx wnmve mwji AwZi ewe` ic _vK|
DchvwM `e Ges g~j GB `yB fvM GKwU Drcv`i GB h wefvM Gi iZ KvhZ
aiv co ZLbB, hLb wewbgq c_v GZ`~i cmvwiZ nqQ h DchvwM `e Drcb
Kiv nq wewbgqi Dk, myZivs g~j wnmve Zv`i Pwi cwiMwYZ nZ nq
AvMB, Drcv`bi mgqB| GB gyn~Z _K ewMZ kg mgvRMZfve wwea Pwi
jvf Ki| GKw`K kg ne GKUv wbw` cKvii DchvwM kg, Zvi viv mgvRi
Kvbv wbw` Afve `~ixf~Z ne, Ges GBfve Zv cwiMwYZ ne mgvRi mKji
mgeZ kgi Askic, ^Z:Zfve mgvRi h kg-wefvRb Mo DVQ ZviB
GKwU kvLv^ic| Abw`K, GKRb Drcv`bKvix wbRiB h wewP Pvwn`v AvQ GB
kgviv Zvi cwic~iY ay ZZUvB me, hZUv mecKvi ewMZ kgi GKKi msM
Acii wewbgqhvMZv GKUv mvgvwRK NUbv, myZivs hLb cZKwU Drcv`Ki
ewMZ DchvwM kg Ab mKji kgi msM mgZv jvf Ki| wewfb aiYi
kgK mgYmb Kiv hvq ay Zv`i AmgZv _K GKUv weg~Zbi dj, wKsev
Zv`i mvaviY ni- G Zv`iK cwiYZ Ki; mB mvaviY ni nj gvbyli kg
kwi eq A_ev weg~Z gbyl-kg| ewMZ kgi GB wwea mvgvwRK Pwi gvbyli
gw hLb cwZdwjZ nq ZLb Zv Kej mB me ic cKvk cvq hwj `bw`b
`e-wewbgq Zvi Dci GuK `q| GBfve, Zvi wbRi kg h mvgvwRKfve
DchvwM Pwimb GB mZwU GKwU kZic nvwRi nq, kZwU GB h `ewU Kej
DchvwM njB Pje bv, Zv Acii c DchvwM nIqv PvB, Ges Ab mg
wekl aiYi kgi msM mgvb nIqvi mvgvwRK Pwimb Zvi wekl kg GB

33

icwU aviY Ki h kgi dj Drcb bvbvwea `ei GKwU mgY AvQ, h_v g~j
_vKvi YwU|
myZivs, Avgiv hLb Avgv`i kgvrcb `ewjK g~j wnmve ciii msM
mwKZ Kwi, ZLb Zv GB Rb Kwi bv h mgYmb gbyl-kgi Avavi ej
ZvK wPbZ ciwQ| eis wVK Zvi wecixZ KviY Zv Kwi: hLbB wewbgqi viv
Avgiv Avgv`i wewfb cKvi Drcb `eK g~j wnmve mgvb Ki `LvB, ZLbB
H mg `ei Rb ewqZ bvbv aiYi kgK gbyl-kg wnmve mgvb Ki `LvB|
G welq Avgiv mPZb bB, wK Zey Zv Kwi|* KvRB g~j Zvi Mjvq wbRi
cwiPqc Szwjq Nyi eovq bv| eis g~jB cwZwU `eK GK GKwU mvgvwRK
wPgq fvlvq cwiYZ Ki| cieZxKvj Avgiv Avgv`i wbR^ mvgvwRK
Drcv`wji inm Avwevi Kivi Rb mB wPgq fvlvq cvVvvi Kwi, Kbbv
fvlv hgb GKwU mvgvwRK mv, DchvwM GKwU c`v_i Dci g~jmsvi AvivcI
Zgwb GKwU mvgvwRK wqv| kgvrcb `ewj, mwj g~j ejB, mwji
Ercv`b ewqZ gbyl kgiB eic,
gvKmi cuywR M weeZ gZ- kg nQ gvbyli Re`ni wqv| GB wqvq
gvbyli gw, vq~, ckx cfwZi eq nq| cuywRcwZ KvR jvMvevi Rb kg kw
q Ki; Ges kg kwi eenviB kg| kg Ggb GKwU cwqv hvZ gvbyl I cKwZ
DfqB Ask MnY Ki Ges gvbyl wbRi BQv Abyhvqx cKwZ I Zvi wbRi ga
elwqK NvZcwZNvZwj m~Pbv, cwiPvjbv I wbqY Ki|
kg-cwqvq cv_wgK Dcv`vbwj nj: gvbyli wbR^ wqvKjvc A_vr Lv` KvR,
mB KvRi welqe I Zvi DciKiYvw`|
kg kw ev kg Kivi gZv nQ GKRb gvbyl h me gvbwmK I kvixwiK gZvi
AwaKvix ZviB mgMZv| kg kwi g~j nQ GKwU wbw` cwigvY RxebaviYi
Dcvqi g~j| kg kwi g~ji me wb mxgv wbavwiZ nq mB me cYi g~j w`q
hwji `wbK hvMvb Qvov kwgK Zvi Kg gZv wdi cvq bv| Ze cuywRZx
Drcv`bx cwqvK mPj ivLZ bZzb bZzb kwgKi hvMvb Z_v kwgKi
cybircv`bi RbI cuywRcwZ g~j w`q _vK|
mKj cYB `e, ZvB ej mKj `e cY bq| Kejgv h mKj `e DrcbKvix
wbRi fvM-eenvi bq, KejB wewbgqi gvag Acii Pvwn`v c~iY Drcb
Ki , m mKj `eB Kejgv cY| KvRB, h Kvb `e cY nZ nj Zvi
hgb eenvi DchvwMZv _vKZ ne, Zgb Zvi wewbgq g~j _vKZ ne|
KvRB, wewbgq g~jnxb mKj eenvi DchvwM eB `e| `e ev cYi g~jZ `ywU
DcKiY- GKwU cvKwZK; AciwU gvbyli kg| ZvB, kgvrcb mvgMx nQ `e ev
cY| KvRB cY Drcb nq kg| myZivs cYi g~j nQ gbyl kgi eic|
KvRB, g~jic mg cYB nj Nbxf~Z kg-mgqi wekl wekl cwigvc gv|
mg kgB mvaviYfve gbyl kg, ZvB me cKvi kgB mgvb Ges ciii

34

cwZic| myZis, Kvbv cYi g~ji cwigvY wbavwiZ nq ZvZ wbhy kgi
cwigvY, Z_v mvgvwRKfve cqvRbxq kg-mgq viv| ZvB, wewfb cYi wewbgq
viv Zv`i g~ji cwigvY wbqwZ nq bv, eis cYwji g~ji cwigvY vivB
Zv`i wewbgqi AbycvZ wbqwZ nq| AZ:ci, wewbgq g~j nQ GKwU c`v_i
ga Kx cwigvY kg `Iqv nqQ Zv cKvk Kievi GKwU mvgvwRK cwZ| myZivs,
g~j wbaviY cKwZi Kvb f~wgKv bvB| ZvQvov, GK cY Acivci cYi ga
wbRiB GKwU icvwqZ Avwefve `LZ cvq| myZivs, cY Rbm~B mgZvev`x
Ges hgb Rb Zgb eenviI cY mvgvwRK|
g~j DrcbKvix kwgK Drcv` nZ kgi cwigvY gZv wnmv cj KD KvDK
kvlY Kivi K_v DVZv bv| wK, cY Drcv`bKvix cuywRZx mgvRi wfw
ewgvwjKvbvi nZzev` cYi gvwjK cuywRcwZ Zv bv w`q g~ji h Ask wbRB
AvZmvr Ki ZvnvB D-g~j| Ab K_vq cYi wfZi h kg evevwqZ _vK
Zvi A_ bvg nj `vg| GLb cuywRcwZ hw` kwgKK Zvi kgi `vg w`q `q Ze
cuywRcwZi Kvbv jvf ev gybvdv _vKvi myhvM bvB| KvRB,kgi `vg bq,
kwgKK cuywRcwZ hv `q Zv nQ gRywi| AZ:ci, gRywi cwikvai ci g~ji
h Ask A`q _vK cuywRcwZi Rb ZvnvB D-g~j| A_vr cYi AcwikvwaZ
Ask D-g~j|
hgb- KuvPvgvj, hcvwZ, `vjvb BZvw` LvZ cuywRcwZ h cwigvY cuywR wewbqvM
Ki Zv nj wi cuywR| wi cuywRZ BZvc~e wbwl kg hv bZzb cY mshvwRZ
nq gv| ZvB wi cuywR nZ Kvbv g~j mw nq bv | kwgKi gRywi eveZ
A_vr kwgKi cY- kg kw eenvii ciB kwgKK Kejgv hv `q cuywRcwZ
wbqg Ki ZvK Avqx cuywR ejv nq| cY -vqx cuywRi wnmv hv _vK ZvZ
Kvbv g~j Drcb nq bv| ZvB Drcvw`Z bZzb cYi `vg nZ vqx cuywRi Ask
weqvM Kij hv Aewk _vK Zv nQ Avqx cuywRi Ask| wK cYwU evRi
wew nq, vqx cuywR I Avqx cuywR hvMdj hv nq mB `vg bq; Zvi Pq ekx
`vg| AZ:ci, D cYwU wew eveZ cuywRcwZ h `vg cvq Zv nZ vqx cuywR
weqvM Kij hv _vK Zv Drcb nqQ Avqx cuywRi wnmv nZ| KvRB vqx
cuuywR bq, Avqx cuywR nZ g~j Drcb nq|
hgb- GKwU Kjg Drcb KuvPvgvj, hcvwZi eenvi eq, Rvjvbx LiP BZvKvi
LvZ h eq nq Zv vqx cuywR| aiv hvK vqx cuywRi cwigvY- 6 UvKv| wK,
KjgwUi evRvi g~j 10 UvKv| Zv-nj 10 UvKv weqvM- 6 UvKv mgvb 4UvKv
Drcb nqQ Kejgv Avqx cuywRi Ask ev wnmv A_vr kwgKi kg nZ|
AZxZi kg A_vr vqx cuywR -6 UvKvi mv_ eZgvb Avqx cuywRi wnmvq A_vr
kwgKi kgm -4 UvKv mgvb gvU 10 UvKv KjgwUi evRvi g~j| A_vr
KjgwUZ AZxZi kg A_vr vqx cuywR wbwl nqQ- 6UvKv, Avi eZgvb kg
A_vr Avqx cuywR nZ mshy nqQ 4 UvKv| ZvB KjgwUi evRvi `vg 10 UvKv|
KvRB, cuywR bq, ev cuywRcwZ bq, kwgK A_vr kgB Drcb Ki g~j|

35

wK, cuywRcwZ hw` cwZwU Kjg Drcb eveZ kwgKK kwgKi kg kw eenvii
viv Drcb -4 UvKvB c`vb Ki Ze vqx cuywR -6UvKv I Avqx cuywR- 4 UvKv
gvU 10 UvKvB cwikvwaZ | dj- cuywRcwZi fvM Kvbv A_ _vK bv| Zvnj cuywRcwZB ev Kb Drcv`b A_ wewbqvM Kie? A_P, wewbqvM nZ
AwZwi A_ cvIqvi RbB cuywRcwZ cY Drcv`b Ki Ges cY nZ cuywRcwZ
AwZwi A_ cvq| ZvB, hnZz vqx cuywR nZ Kvbv AwZwi A_ cvIqvi myhvM
bvB mnZz Avqx cuywRi wnmv nZ DjwLZ Kjg bvgxq cYwU evRvi `vg 10
UvKvi ga h 4 UvKv Drcb nqQ Zvi ga gv 2 UvKv gRywi eveZ kwgKK
c`vb KiQ Kjg bvgK cYwUi gvwjK cuywRcwZ|
DjL kwgKi kg Drcb njI Drcb cYi gvwjK wK kwgK bq| KviY kwgK
hgb Zvi gRywi viv evRvi nZ Kvbv cY q Kij H cYi weZv hgb
Avi H wewZ cYi gvwjK _vK bv Zgb kwgKi cY Z_v kg kwi Zv
cuywRcwZ kg kwi weZv kwgK nZ kwgKi cYwU q Kivi ci kwgKI Zvi
wewZ cYi Avi gvwjK _vKvi myhvM bvB| KvRB, PzwKZ wbw` mgqi Rb
kg kw eenvi A_vr kg kwi wqv- kg nZ Drcb g~ji gvwjK eU kg
kwi Zv cuywRcwZ| ZvB, gRywi eveZ gv 2 UvKv kwgKK cwikva Ki
KjgwUi gvwjK cuywRcwZ D Kjg nZ nvwmj KiQ 2 UvKv| A_vr D KjgwU
Dcrb vqx cuywR -6UvKv hvM Avqx cuywR -2 UvKv gvU 8 UvKv wewbqvM Ki
cuywRcwZ KjgwU wew Ki cqQ 10 UvKv| dj- 10 UvKv weqvM 8 UvKv mgvb
2 UvKv AwZwi Avq KiQ cuywRcwZ 8 UvKv wewbqvM Ki| Ze, cKZv_ vqx
cuywR 6 UvKv nZ bq, Avqx cuywR 2 UvKv nZB KjgwUi gvwjK cuywRcwZi AwZwi
-2 UvKv Avq nqQ| ZvB GB 2 UvKvB cuywRcwZi evowZ Avq Z_v Drcb cuywR|

KvRB, DjwLZ 2UvKv A_vr cuywR Drcb KiQ kwgK| Ze G cKZv_ 8

UvKv bq, g~jZ 2 UvKv nZB cuywRcwZ AwZwi 2 UvKv Avq KiQ| KviY- vqx
cuywR 6 UvKv bZzb cY KjgwUZ gv 6 UvKvB hy KiQ , Avi Avqx cuywR2UvKv KjgwUZ Aviv 2 UvKv mshy KiQ| ZvB Avqx cuywR- 2 UvKvB
KjgwUZ 2 UvKv bq eis 4 UvKv cwigvY g~j hy Ki cuywRcwZi Rb evowZ 2
UvKv hy KiQ| AZ:ci, KjgwU Drcb Ki cuywRcwZ 2 UvKv nZ 2 UvKv Avq
KiQ| ZvB G cuywRcwZi evowZ Avqi nvi -100 %|
kg- g~j DrcbKvix njI Drcv`bi nvwZqviw`i gvwjK wK cuywRcwZ|
hnZz cuywR Drcb KivB cuywRcwZi j mnZz cuywRcwZ kg kwi Drcv`b eq
A_vr GKRb kwgK Rxeb aviY I cieZx cRbi kwgK Drcbi Rb h cwigvY
cY mvgMx fvM-eenvi bv Kij c~Y w`em kg KiZ cvie bv Kejgv H
cwigvY cY q cqvRbxq cwigvY A_ - mewb gRywi wnmve kwgKK cwikva
Ki| Avevi kwgK Rxeb aviYi Rb h mKj cY evRvi nZ q Ki ZviI `vg
wbavwiZ nq H GKB wbqg A_vr H mKj cY Drcb h cwigvY kg A_vr
mvgvwRK kg NUv ewqZ nqQ Zviv| A_vr gvU mvgvwRK kgB nQ gvU

36

cY|A_vr cY nQ mvgvwRKfve RgvUeuvav kg| myZivs, mvgvwRK kg Drcb

cY ewqZ gvU kg mgqi Mo wnmve Ki hgb cYi `vg wnmve Kiv nq Zgb
kwgKi gRywiI kg NUv ev kg w`em wnmve wbavwiZ nq | ZvB, kg kwi
Drcv`b eq-hv kwgKK gRywi wnmve c`vb Kiv nq hvi cwigvY G A_vr
KjgwUi Avgiv ai wbZ cvwi 2UvKv, Aewk 2 UvKvI KvhZ Ges cKZB
kwgK KZK m g~ji Ask wekl hv kwgKK bv w`q cuywRcwZ wbR AvZmvr Ki|

AZ:ci, kwgK ay g~j bq, D-g~jI Drcb Ki,Ges Zv Drcb Ki

cuywRcwZi Rb hv- cuywRcwZ webvg~j AvZmvr Ki| KvRB, cuywRcwZi
AvZmvrKZ g~j A_vr D-g~j nQ cuywR ev cuywR nQ kwgKi Drcb Dg~j| myZivs, D-g~jB nQ cuywR|
AZ:ci, h mgvR cyuwRi gvwjK cuywRcwZ- ewgvwjKvbvi myhvM I myev`
kwgKi m g~ji Ask wekl A_vr D-g~j AvZmvZi myhvM AvBbZ jvf
Ki Ges g~j DrcbKvix nqI Kejgv Drcv`b Dcvqi gvwjKvbvnxb ejB
gRyi ev gRywi `vm - kwgK Zvi Drcbi ^jvf Ki bv ZvnvB cuywRZx mgvR|
G mgvR Drcb nq cY ZvB cY Drcv`bx Dcvq ev nvwZqvi nQ AvaywbK Ges
mvgvwRK mK nQ gvwjK-kwgK| gvwjK D-g~j AvZmvrKvix, Avi kwgK
D-g~j DrcbKvix | ZvB, gvwjK Z_v cuywRcwZ kvlK Avi kwgK kvwlZewZ I cZvwiZ| AZ:ci, gvwjK-kwgK mK nQ kvlK-kvwlZi ; ZvB
eixZvg~jK Z_v g~jK| myZivs, vwK mKvaxb mgvR nQ cuywRZ|
Aviv DjL- DjwLZ Kjgi 10 UvKv `vgi ga 6 UvKv vqx cuywR, hv bZzb
g~j Drcb Kiwb, Avi gRywi -2 UvKv hvM D-g~j 2 UvKv GB 4 UvKvB
Kejgv Avqx cuywRi wnmv 2 UvKv nZ Drcb nqQ| wK KjgwU Drcb `q
gRywi A_vr 2 UvKv Ercv`b 8 NUv bq, gv 4 NUv kg mgq ewqZ nqQ| Dci
kwgK kg kw cqvM ev kgi gvag KjgwU Drcb Kivi ciB cuywRcwZ
wbqgvbyhvqx kwgKK gRywi c`vb KiQ| ZvB, KjgwUi 4 kg NUvi g~j
Z_v gRywi c`vb Ki kwgKK 8 kg NUv LvwUqQ| ZvB, KjgwU Drcb 8 kg
NUv weqvM 4 kg NUv mgvb 4 kg NUvi g~j kwgKK c`vb bv Ki H 4 kg NUv
ev H 4 kg NUvq Drcb 2UvKv cuywRcwZ AvZmvr KiQ| KvRB kwgK G
wbRi Rb 4 NUv kg cqvM Ki Zvi gRywi Z_v 2 UvKv cwigvY g~j mw
KiQ , Avi D 4 NUv kg cqvM Ki cuywRcwZi Rb 2 UvKv Drcb KiQ|
A_vr kwgKi D mgqi Avq 2 UvKv cuywRcwZ AcniY KiQ Pzwg~j | A_vr
GB 4 NUvi kgi Rb cuywRcwZ kg kw weZvK Kvbv g~j cwikva Kiwb|
KvRB, cuywR nQ kwgKi D mgqi kg ev kwgKK A`q kgi `vg ev cYi
h Aski `vg cuywRcwZ cwikva Kiwb| AZ:ci, cuywRcwZ ev cuywR bq, kwgK
Z_v kgB Drcb Ki g~j Ges D-g~jI A_vr cuywR| wK ewgvwjKvbvi
nZzev` kwgK bq, cuywRi gvwjK nQ eU cuywRcwZ| ZvB, cuywRcwZ`i mgvR
nQ - cuywRZx mgvR|

37

cuywRZ
(1) Rbi cvq 2jvL eQi gvbeRvwZ Zvi PZz_ mgvR- hv cuywRZ ej wPwZ
ZvZ emevm KiQ| gv mvo cuvP nvRvi eQi c~eI gvbyl gvbyl Kvbv
f`vf` ev elg ev eixZv wQj bv A_vr wQj bv kYx I kYx wefvRb| H Avw`g
mgvR wPivqx nqwb Zgb `vm I f~wg `vmZi mgvRI wUKwb| f~wg `vmZi
mvg mgvRB Rb w`qQ cuywRZx mgvRi, hvi m~cvZ NUQ gv 1300 mvj
ivg mvgvRi BUvjxZ| cavbZ `e DrcbKvix AZxZi Acivci mgvR nZ
cyuwRZx mgvRi Zdvr nQ GB h, cYi GK AwZKvq cywfeb wnmve m`
wbRK GLvb Dcvcb Ki Ges Zvi GKK mv nQ GK GKwU cY| wew bq,
Drcv`Ki fvM-eenvii wbwg Drcb nQ `e, Avi DrcbKvixi fvMeenvii Rb bq KejB wewi Rb Drcb nQ cY| KvRB, cuywRZx mgvR
nQ KvhZ cY DrcbKvix mgvR| `ei gZvB cYi hgb eenvi g~j AvQ
Zgb `ei hv bvB Zv A_vr wewbgq g~j AvQ cYi | ZvB, cuywRZ`x mgvR
nQ cY wewbgqi mgvR| mgvR hwUB nvK bv Kb, gvbyli euP _vKvi Rb
mevM Lv`-cvbxq mn ek wKQy DcKiY AvekK| GB mKj DcKiYvw` gvbyl
Drcb ev msMn Ki| `e ev cY Drcv`b gvbyl h mKj nvwZqvi eenvi Ki
ZvK ejv nq Drcv`b kw ev Dcvq | Ze Drcv`bx wqv-Kv gvbyli mv_
gvbyli h mK nq Zv-mvgvwRK mK| KvRB- gvbyl euvPvi kZB mvgvwRK|
Ze, iwebm ykv GKv GKv `e Drcb KiZ mg njI cY Drcvw`Z nq
eRbi AskMnY Z_v mvgvwRKfve|A_vr mvgvwRK kg eZxZ cY Drcb nq
bv| ZvB cY mvgvwRK kgi dmj| hw`P, cY I cY Drcbi nvwZqvivw`i
gvwjKvbv ewMZ| ZvB,AvBbMZ eaZv ev MvnZv _vKjI AhwK, Abvh I
Abvqfve cuywRZ nQ ewgvwjKvbv wfwK mgvR|
(2) cYi Dcv`vb gv `ywU: (GK) cKwZK m`, ( Natural Resource) hgb
m~hi Avjv-Zvc, cvwb, evq~, LwbR c`v_ BZvw`, hvi wbR^^ Kvbv g~j bvB;
Ges (`yB) kg- hv gvbyli kg kwi wqv| KvRB Kvbv cYi g~j nQ ZvZ
wbwl gvU kg| wK, Drcv`b I Rxeb aviYi DcKiYi gvwjK cuywRcwZ Avi
`kUv cYi gZv kwgKi cY A_vr kwgKi -kg kwI q Ki _vK hZvixwZ
H cYi A_vr kg kwi Drcv`b eqi cwigvY `vg w`q hv- gRywi wnmve
^xKZ|KvRB, gRywii cwigvY wbavwiZ nq cY evRvii wbqg| AZ:ci,
gRyii wqvkxjZv mPj ivLZ AvekKxq kw AvniY-msMn gRyi h cwigvY
cY MnY Ki _vK Zv q gRyi h cwigvY A_r eq Ki _vK, mB cwigvY A_
nQ gRyii gRywi| gRyii fvM-eenviKZ cYi `vgI wbavwiZ nq eU H
cwigvY cY Ercv`bi eq Z_v H cwigvY cY Drcb h cwigvY kg wbwl

38

nqQ mB cwigvY `vg| cY ePv-Kbvi GUvB wbqg| A_vr mKj cYB Zvi
Drcv`b eq wewZ nq|
kg kwi wqv nQ kg| ZvB kg kwi Zv- cuywRcwZ kg bq, kg kwi `vg
A_vr gRywi c`vb Ki kwgKK | Avevi kwgK nQ mB ew h kg kw wew
Kiv eZxZ Rxeb aviY KiZ cvi bv| A_vr Avq Kivi Rb hvi Kvb cuywR bvB|
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myZivs, cuywRcwZ gvB D-g~j AvZmvrKvix A_vr kvlK, Ges kwgK gvB
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39

msMwVZfve ev AmsMwVZfve Dfq kYxi ga -msNvZ we`gvb e Zv nZ

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kZv I kYx msMvg nZ gy bq nZz cuywRZx mgvR kvwc~Y bq A_vr cuywRi
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ev, ivRbxwZK, `vkwbK I Kwe-mvwnwZKiv -`ybxwZ, cZviYv, Pzwi-WvKvwZ ev
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40

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41

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42

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43

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cY wewi Rb cZK cuywRcwZB Drcv`b eq Kwgq mvkqx g~j cY
evRviRvZKiY GKw`K hgb AwaKZi DbZgvbi cY Drcv`b KiZ eva nq,
Zgb cY cwienb I cuywRi mvjb eq Kgvbv mn cuywRi `ZZi mgq
cyb:wewbqvM Dchy wewa-eev Kivi RbB evxq Bwb , e`yrwZK kw,
bZzb bZzb hcvwZ Avwevi, Dveb I Dbqb mvab Ges hvMvhvM eevi
Dbqb mvab eva nq cwZwbqZ bZzb bZzb Drcv`bx nvwZqvi Zix Ki ZZvwaK

44

`ZZg mgq bZzb byZb nvwZqvivw`K cyivZb I eenvi AhvM Kivi gvag
KvhZ AweiZ Drcv`bx kwi hgb icvi mvab Ki Drcv`b nvwZqvivw`i
weivgnxb ecexKiY Ki Zgb mg mvgvwRK mKi ga cwZwbqZ fvsMvMov Pvwjq mgvR mw Ki vqx weksLjv Ges wPivqx AwbqZv, AwiZv I
AvZsK| ZvB, cuywRZx mgvR nQ vqx AwbqZvi wbqZvc~Y mgvR| myZivs,
wbqZvi Rb cuywRcwZ kYx h cuywR nvwmj KiZ Pvq mB cuywRB wbR YB
AvqxZ I AwbwZZvi Rb `q ejB GgbwK wbqZv ckI cuywRcwZ kYxi
cZvkv I cvwi gaKvi ^eixZv I ^weivaxZvi mgvR nQ -cuywRZ|
(7) cwZwU cYB Acivci cYi mwnZ wewbgq kZ Ave| ZvB cwZwU cYB
wbR wbR Drcb eq wewbgq nq | A_vr h Kvb cY Drcb ZvZ h cwigvY
mvgvwRK kg mshvwRZ ev wbwl nq, mB cwigvY mvgvwRK kg Drcb Acivci
cYi mgZzj Zv wewbgq nq| hgb 1 MR Kvco Drcb Mo 1 NUvi mvgvwRK
kg eq nqQ| AZ:ci, 1 NUvi mvgvwRK kg Drcb Aci h Kvbv cYi
mv_ GB 1 MR Kvcoi wewbgq ne| A_vr 1 MR Kvcoi mwnZ 3 KwR PvDj,
10 KwR jeb, 200 Mvg gvQ ev Abyic h Kvb cY wewbgqhvM I wewbgq nq|
ZvB cY wewbgq cwqv nQ KvhZ Mo mvgvwRK kgi mwnZ mg cwigvY Mo
mvgvwRK kgi Av`vb-c`vb| elg-eixZvi ewgvwjKvbvi cuywRZ- wbRB
cY Drcv`bx I wewbgq cwqvi gvag hyMcrfve I ^weivaxfve mvgvwRK
mgZvi Z_v kg cqvMKvix`i ga Mo mgZv ev mvgi wfZ I eva Zix I
cv Ki wbRiB A_vr cuywRcwZ kYxi wei I wec wqvkxj| A_vr wPi
elg-eixZv I AbKi cuywRcwZ kYx wbRB wbRi kYx Pwii wecixZ
Pwi A_vr elgnxb, eixZv gy I HKe kwgK kYxi Rb w`q wbRi Kei
iPbvKvix kwgK kYxK cwZwbqZ cyz I weKwkZ KiQ | KvRB, ewgvwjKvbvi
cuywRZx mgvRi asm I cZbi gvag mvaviY gvwjKvbvi mvgZx mgvRi
wfw Zix KiQ Lv` cuywRcwZ kYx ^qs| myZivs, cuywRZx mgvR cuywRi Rb
kZB hgb cPbkxj-giYkxj Zgb cuywRcwZ kYx mvgZ cwZvi bwZevPK
kw| GwUI cuywRZx mgvRi fqvbK msKU-mgmv I ^weivaxZv|
(8) wM, nZ gv^q KvivLvbv I en`vqZb wk DbxZ nIqvi avivevwnKZvq
Drcv`bx eevq avivevwnK I gewaZfve mw nqQ kg wefvRb| GB
wefvRbi ic GZvUvB weZwZ jvf Ki h, Lv` wkcwZI Rvb bv h,
cZKZ cYi KuvPvgvj mn Acivci welqvw` `ywbqvi Kvb Kvb vb Drcb
nqQ ev Kviv Drcb KiQ| GKwU wekl wkI eav fvM-wefvM wef
kwgKivI KejB wbR wbR wefvM/kvLvi wbR wbR wqvw` mv`b Ki ej
KDB `vex KiZ cvi bv h, Kvbv GKwU Drcb GKvB Zvi wbR^ DrcbKZ
cY| Avevi chywMZ I hvwK DbwZ I Dbqbi gvv I MwZ hnZz cwZwbqZ
weiwZnxbfve ew I Zxe nZ ZxeZi nZ _vK mnZz be DvweZ bZzb bZzb

45

h I chywi e`jZ cY Drcv`bi nvi I gvvI w`b w`b evoZB _vK|

Avevi cY Drcv`b I wewbgq Kivi Rb wbhy wnmveKgx mn cwienY kwgKI cY
A_bxwZi AvekKxq Ask| ZvB cwZwU cYB Drcvw`Z nq cZ I civ
eRbi mg^q| A_vr gvU mvgvwRK kg Drcvw`Z nq cY| cY Drcbi GB
mvgvwRK wqvq Askx`vi KvivB wekl wekl Y ev Yvejxi AvekKZv bvB;
eis Drcv`b mswk mKjB ^Zg mgq Avq Ki wbZ mg h Kvb kvLvq
wqvw` mbKiYi AwfZv| ZvB `e Drcv`b Z_v mij A_bxwZ hyMi ewMZ
bcyb BZvw` cY Drcv`bx A_bxwZZ cqvRbxq bq| dj cY A_bxwZB gvbyl
gvbyl mgZvi wfw cwZwbqZ mw KiQ| Zv Qvov ewi Ask MnY cY Drcvw`Z
njI cY KejB hnZz ewi ewMZ bq eis mgvRi gvU mvgvwRK kg
Drcb nq| ZvB RbkZ cYi gvwjKI hZv_fveB mgM mgvR bv nq KejB
ew wekl-cY gvwjK Z_v cuywRcwZ nIqvUv mvgMxK cY Drcv`bx cwqvi
mwnZ mvgmnxb-eiZvc~Y, AhwK I Abvq Ges AbvPvi I AbvhZvi GK
eev wekl gv| myZivs, hywnxbZv,Abvq, AbvPvi I AbvhZvi mgvR nQcuywRZ |
(9) mwi ewMZ gvwjKvbv Dei mv_ mv_ Zv esk ciivq `Lj I
fvM-eenvii Zvobvq DivwaKvii mywbwwZZ chvqg GK cwZ- GK cwZ
weevn bvgK `vmZi cvwievwiK c_vi Rb `q mwevbivB| kYx wefvRbi
GB cwqvq mvgvwRK Rxeb nZ Ni-Kbvi MnvjxZ Ave -e`x Z_v mvbi
MfavixK mvbi gvwjKvbv ev AwffveKZ nZI ewZ Ki gvbyli Rb mK
AZv I ^v_vZv cm~Z fyj I v ev AmZ I evbvqvwU ee Zix Ki
KejB cyilKB beRvZKi cZ mv I gvwjK mve bvixK KejB mvb
Drcv`bi KviLvbv wi KejB cyili mvM I igbi wbg igbx MY gvbyl
bq KejB mw wnmve mve Kejgv fiY-cvlYi wewbgq ^vgx Z_v
cf~i `vmZ RxebcvZ GgbwK fviZ mn giY Gi gZv RNb mZx`vn c_vi
cPjb Ki m gahyMxq eeiZvi eevwnK c_vK cuywRcwZ kYx evwZj bv Ki
bvbvb msvi mvab KijI bvixK KvhZ cyili igbi mw wnmveB MY
KiQ| Avevi wk-KviLvbvq ev cY Drcv`bx wqvKjvc bvixK kwgK wnmve
wbqvM Ki eyRvqv kYxB bvixK Mne`xZ nZ gy Ki gB cvwievwiK
Rxebi evwni eni mvgvwRK Rxeb m KiQ|
dj - bvix I cyil GKB wk hgb kg cqvM Ki Zgb mvgMxK cY Drcv`bx
wqv-Kg Ask MnY Ki| Ze cuywRcwZ`i PvjvwK-PvZzivjxZ ev wbR`i
mvgwqK AZvq bvix kwgK iZ gRyix elgi wkKvi njI kg kwi
weZv wnmve bvix-cyil Dfq cwiwPZ nqQ KejB gRywi `vm kwgK wnmve|
gRywi `vmZi nZzev` cZK kwgK KejB cY Drcv`b gvbweK nvwZqvi
wnmve MY nq| ZvB cY Drcv`bx cwqvq kwgKi cY Drcv`bx gZvB

46

weeP| kgi GBic mggvwKZvi Rb kg kw weZvi wjsM cwiPq gB

iZnxb nQ |
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kwgKI kg evRvii wbqgi Aaxb Ges hLvbB kg kwi Zv cve mLvbB
ZvK hZ ne, kg wew KiZ ne, _vKZ ne| ZvZ, c_vMZ eevwnK I
cvwievwiK eb-mK wQb-wewQb nQ ZvB Kej bq,eis cQ`gZv msMx
wbevPb mn wbR^ cQ`-AcQ` ev KejB fvjvevmvi Uvb gvbyli mv_
gvbyli wgjb ev Z`vbyic mK Mo DVvi myhvM-myweav gewaZfve cmvwiZ
nqQ ej c_vMZ weevni nvi hgb nvm cqQ Zgb weevni c wekl I
aiYI cvvQ |
AZ:ci, bvixi cwZ eix I Avkvfb `wfswMi cuywRcwZ kYx wbRi ^v_B cY
Drcv`bx eevq bvixK Ub Gb cY Drcv`bi cwqvq gahyMxq eei, Amf
I NY Rvi evai gvMZ webvk mvab KiQ| AZ:ci, `wnK KvVvgv I
cKwZMZ wKQy ZviZg _vKjI bvix-cyil wbwekl cZK gvbyl Ges gvbyl
wnmve KD Kviv ^vwg Z_v cfy ev gvwjK hgb nZ cvi bv, Zgb KejB
wjsMRwbZ KviY KD Kviv fvM-mvMi mvgMx ev `vmxI nZ cvi bv-cY
Drcv`bx cwKqv GB eve I hwKevaiI Dbl I weKvk mvabi gvag
RviK`xK elg-eixZv `~ixKiYi mvg~wnK wqvw` wbii KiQ-hv
cuywRZx mgvRi BwZnvm wbavwiZ wbqwZ I cuywRi Rb `vl `y ^-weivaxZv |
(10) cY Ercv`b I cY wewi eevi cqvRbB cuywRcwZ kYxB gahyMxq
eeiZvi Aemvb NwUq AZv-g~LZvi Aemvb NUvZ KjR-wek wekw`vjq mn
cwZv Ki bvbvb cwZvb| cuywRcwZivB mvgZ Z_v ivRZi hgb DQ`
KiQ, Zgb bZzb ivRbwZK aviv Z_v Cki bq, gvbyli Zix AvBbi kvmb
iv cwiPvjbvi Rb Rb w`qQ ivRbwZK `j| iv I ivRbwZK `j cyuwRcwZ
kYxi ^v_ I myhvM-myweav iv, weKvk I cmvi D-g~ji Ask wekl
eenvi Ki hgb ivxq AvbyKzj I bxwZZ ev bxwZMZ myweavw` c`vbi gvag
wevbi evcK cmvi I PPv Ki ij-moK, wegvb mn hvMvhvM eevq
gvMZ DbwZ I ecexKiYi gvag AvRKi hyMi bU-gvevBj BZvw` Drcb
KiQ, Zgb Ae I cwiKvVvgvMZ DbwZ I Dbqbi gvag Ges H cwqvq
wnmve I eevcbv, h, cyi I KrKkj, Zwor I kw, c`v_ imvqb, Rxe I
wPwKrmv, A_ I mgvR , MYhvMvhvM I mvsevw`KZv, cwiek-cwZek, cvwbmgy` Ges gnvKvk BZKvi bvbvb kvLvi wevbi Rb I Af~Zc~e DbwZ mvab
KiQ|
DjL- cY Drcv`bx eevi c~e nvRvi nvRvi eQi AwZKv njI gvbeRvwZ
GgbwK cw_exi mw, miRMZi De, wejq I webvk ev RxeRMZi Rb I

47

weKvk mKZv bqB, GgbwK cw_ex h wi bq, ZvI RvbZv bv KvcwbKvmi

c~e KDB, Avb-cvwb BZvw`I wVK-VvKgZv RvbZv bv wevbx wjfqvRvi
KZK AwRb-nvBWvRb Avwevii AvMZK| AZ:ci, mw mn gvbyli
Rxeb-gZz mn `nMZ wqvKjvc weklZ `q I gw mK hgb AZv
Zgb ^v_Zv cmyZ fveev`x `wfswMi evbvqvwU KKvwnbxi wecixZ eZ
Z_v vwK eZvwK `kbi Rb w`qQ cuywRZx mgvR|
h `kbi gvv K_v nQ- gnv wek ewbPqi mgw| BwZ I bwZevPK kwi
HK Z_v ecixZi HKB nQ e| ZvB egvB vwK mKvaxb nZz
wqvkxj I MwZkxj Ges icvi ev cwieZbkxj| A_vr MVbg~jB g~jK ejB
egvB ^wq-MwZkxj I icvikxj| AZ:ci, vwKZvi nZzev` ^wq I
MwZkxj weavq emg~ni MwZ, wqv I cwZwqvi KviYB gnv weki ewbPq
cZ I civfve GK-Acii mwnZ Z_v ciii mwnZ cii mwKZ,
mgw^Z I wbfikxj|dj GKi nvm-ew ev cwieZb ev icvii mwnZ Acii
nvm-ew ev cwieZb ev icvi NU| A_vr ei AfvixK Ges evwnK ev
cvwicvwkK Aevi ZviZg ev i`e`j egvB cwieZbkxj I icvikxj|
myZivs, Pvc-Zvci cwieZb nj egvB cwiewZZ Ges icvwiZ nq | GwUB
vwK wewa ev m~| Ze, ei GBic cwieZb I icvi nq wbw` wbqgB A_vr
cwiewZZ ev icvwiZ ey hv wbw` cwigvY Pvc-Zvc cwiewZZ ev icvwiZ
nqQ Zv c~ev ei cwiYwZ Qvov Avi wKQyB bqB| hw`P, icvi cwqvq ^xq
Yvejxi ZviZg NUQ ejB Zv Avi c~eiwU bq, eis GKwU bZzb e| hgbwbw` cwigvY Pvc-Zvc gyiwMi wWg Qvbvq icvwi nq eU wK mg cwigvY ev
GKB mvBRi GKwU Mvj Avjy H cwigvY Pvc-Zvc gyiwMi Qvbv bq, eis
icvwiZ ne Ab Kvb eZ| A_ev, h cwigvY Pvc-Zvc cvwb ev eid
icvwiZ nq ev, cvwb ev eid mB cwigvY Pvc-Zvc jvnv ev KvV -eid,
cvwb ev ev cwiYZ nq bv| GB wbqgi evZq NUvi myhvM bvB | A_ev,
Kvbv wbqg-bxwZi evZq NUj KvswLZ ev cZvwkZ djjvf bq, eis NU hv Zv
`yNUbv Ges GUvB wbqg| ZvB, ewbPqi mgw RMZ eZvwK wbqg-m~i Aaxb
nZz AjwKK bq , eis RMZ gvbB eyZvwK| ZvB RMZ mKj eyB
eZvwK wbqg-bxwZ I myi Aaxb|
myZivs, Kvbv fwZK ev AjwKK kw ev Z`vbyic Kvbv KZZ wekl RMZK
hgb mw Kiwb, Zgb wbqY ev cwiPvjbv Ki bv| ZvB, eMZ RMZi
RvMwZK wbqg hgb awixi mw nqQ Zgb awixZ De NUQ cvY I
cvYxi| myZivs, cw_exZ cvYi Dei Rb hgb cvYxi AvekK nqwb, Zgb
P`-m~h ev cw_exi mwi RbI Kvbv Ckii cqvRb nqwb| gnv wek mwi
9.16 wewjqb eQi ci miRMZ mw nqQ hgb Zgb jqcv ne eZvwK
wbqgB| GwUI wbqg eU cKwZi| ZvB cKwZi wbqgi ga wbqgnxbZvi ev
AjwKKZvi myhvM-AeKvk bvB| myZivs, miRMZI wbqgi Aaxb ejB

48

cvKwZK wbqgB GwU asm ev wejy ne| Avevi GKB wbqg gnv wek cwZwbqZ
Rb wbQ bZzb bZzb b | KvRB, mw I jq `yB cvKwZK wbqgi Aaxb nZz
cKwZ nZ m ev D~Z cvY I cvYxi RxebP Z_v mw-weKvk I jq cvKwZK
wbqgB NU _vK weavq cvYx wnmve ew gvbyliI Rb-gZz BZKvi welq
meB eZvwK wbqg-m~i Aaxb| Avi Gic wbqg-bxwZ ev m~i AvIZvgy bq
gvbeRvwZ Z_v gvbyli mgvR|
ZvBZv cvKwZK wbqgi gZvB wbqgi Aaxb weavq gvbeRvwZi mgvRI mywbw`
KviY BZvga KqKevi cwiewZZ nqQ| Ges GKB wbqg A_vr Drcv`b
mKi mwnZ Drcv`b kw ev Dcvqi weiva-eixZvq AZxZi gZvB GKB
wbqg eZgvb cY Drcv`bx- ewgvwjKvbvi cuywRZvwK mgvRI ^xq mvgvwRK
Pwimb Drcv`bx kwi Awbevh weiva-eixZvq Z_v Drcv`bx Dcvqi
we`vn-mvgvwRK gvwjKvbvi mgvRZvwK eevq weKnxbfve I Awbevhfve
cwiewZZ I icvwiZ ne| GwUI mgvR cwieZb mwKZ j Z_v wbqg-m~
eU| ZvB, abx nIqv ev bv nIqv ev kg kwi weZv nIqv ev Zv bv nq kg kwi
Zv nIqv, ev my^v mgZ wPv Kivi myhvM-myweav cvIqv ev bv cvIqv, ev
AbyKzj myhvM-myweav bv cq Kw_Z wPvkxj ev eywRxex BZvw` Z_vKw_Z
gnvYai ew wekl nZ bv cviv, ev ew wekli fvjv-g` ev wZ-ew
nIqv, ev bv nIqv ev ivM-evwa BZvw`Z wPwKrmv ev mywPwKrmv cvIqv ev bv
cvIqv ev ew wnmve cwZwU ewi `xNKvjxb euP _vKv ev bv _vKv,BZKvi
mKj welqB mvgvwRK wbqgi Aaxb Ges GmeB Z_v gvbyli Rxebi hv hv NU
Zvi me wKQyB NU _vK eU mvgvwRK wbqg|
myZivs, gnvweki mKj Zviv ev b, Mn-DcMn Ges ZrvZ ev Z~Z mKj e
Ges eRvZ cvY I cvYx mKj wKQyB eZvwK wbqg-m~i Aaxb| Aek, Abyic
wbqg-m~ Kvbv gvbyl RvbyK ev bv RvbyK ZvZ cKwZi Z_v eZvwK wbqgi
nidi nq bv| ZvB, gvbyli BwZnvmi mv ^qs gvbyl njI gvbyl KejB wbR
ev ^-BQvq BwZnvm mw KiZ cvi bv, eis BQv wbicfve gvbyl
HwZnvwmK wqv-cwZwqvq Ask MnY Ki| mRbB, ew wekl ev bZv-yi,
ev gnvZv RvZxq Kvbv gnvb AvZvi gnvb cwZfvevb gnvb ew wekli wekl
wekl cwZfv, gav-gZv ev hvMZvq bq, ev Kw_Z YRbv ew wekli wPv
vivI bq eis mgvR cwiPvwjZ, wbqwZ I cwiewZZ nq eU mgvRi mvgvwRK
wbqg, Ges mgvRi mKj gvbylB Aaxb eU Abyic mvgvwRK wbqg-m~i|
Ze, BwZnvm evuK euvK KD KD nuvU ej ev Kvb wekl NUbvq KD KD
wbRK m I mshy Kivi myhvM cqQ ej H wekl NUbvq ev HwZnvwmK
NUbv wekl ev BwZnvmi euvKi gvo Nvivbvi ce mgycwZ ew wekl
nqZv H HwZnvwmK NUbvi mv ej gb nZ cvi AvcvZ evwnK `wZ| wK
bv, gvUB Zv mZ bq, h_v_ bq, eis BwZnvmi wbqg BwZnvmi euvK euvK
_vKvi myhvM cqQ ejB H iKg ew wekl H wbw` HwZnvwmK NUbvq ev

49

mgmvgwqKKvj iZc~Y nq DV eU| wK, ZvB ej G ewi ewMZ

hvMZv ev gav ev cwZfv ev iMxwi ev cvwZ bq, eis BwZnvmi wbqg-bxwZ I
m~B wbqgK, Ges Abyic wbqg-bxwZi Aaxb eU Lv` H ewwUI whwb jvf
KiQ BwZnvmi AbyKzj myhvM| wK, BwZnvmi Agb wbqg-m~K Zvqvv bv
Ki ev A^xKvi Ki ev HwZnvwmK Kvjcei welqvw`K mvgMxKfve weePbvq
bv wbq gvbeRvwZi Kvbv iZc~Y NUbvK hLbB wekl wekl ewi ev ew
wekli wPv,mvnm, hvMZv I gZv BZKvi mvaviY welqvw`K AmvaviYfve
I A^vfvweKfve wbqvgK wnmve wPwZ Kiv nq ZLb hgb BwZnvm weKZ I
A^xKZ nq, Zgb H wekl wekl ewI BwZnvmi AvKuyo wbw nq,
BwZnvmi wbqg-bxwZZB| KviY H wekl ewwUIZv Avi `kRb gvbyli gZvB
gvbyl, Ges KvhZB ev cKZB gvbyli euvPv-givi cvKwZK wbqgi Aaxb GKwU
wbw` mgqKvji gvbyl wnmve mgmvgwqKvji mxgveZvq hgb mxwgZ Zgb
mB mgqKvi mvgvwRK-gvbweK ev AgvbweK Yvejx mb |
A_P, BwZnvm A^xKZ eva-weePbv viv ZvwoZ I cwiPvwjZ nq hgb H
wekl wekl ew wekl wbRKB BwZnvmi mv wnmve weePbv Ki wbRK
mgvRi Avi mKji Pq ekx gZv-hvMZv mb ew wnmve wbRK wi
I mve Ki mgZ AvPvi-AvPiY I eenvi KiZ _vK ZLb LyeB ^vfvweK I
hywmsMZ KviYB Acivci gvbyli D Avmxb ew wnmve wPwZ ewwU KvhZ
Acivci mKjK wbRi Kzgvaxb ev KRvq ivLvi wbwg hveZxq `gb-cxobi
NY cvw` AbymiY Kivq KvhZ Abyic ew wekl Acivci gvbyli fq-fxwZ I
NYvi KviY nIqv mn ^PvPvix-^iZx nq P~ovfve civwRZ nq gvbyl KZKB
A_vr mvgvwRK wbqgB f~Z nq BwZnvm VuvB bq|
cvK cuywRZx mgvR Agb ^PvPvix f~Z`i Z_v mvg cfy ivR-ivRov`i
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mvaviYZ miKg wK~ZwKgvKvi AwZgvvq gZvai ew wekl nIqvi myhvM
hgb Kg Zgb H f~Z`i ivRZI BwZnvmi wbqgB BwZnvmi welqeZ
cwiYZ nq | KvRB, BwZnvm RvbyK ev bv-RvbyK ev bv gvbyK ew wekl KD
BwZnvmi wbqg-bxwZ , ZvZ BwZnvmi wKQy Avm-hvq bv, eis BwZnvmi
wbqgB gvbyl BwZnvm wewbgvY Ki Ges evZqnxbfve Kie Zv fwelZI
gvbylB Ges Zv wbwgZ ne gvUB bq wekl wekl gZv-hvMZvi wekl wekl
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ev AvKwK NUbv weklI KejB nVvr ev AvKwK msNwUZ Kvbv NUbv wekl
Av` bq, eis H mKj wekl wekl ev iZc~Y NUbv ev NUbvejx ev NUbv cevn

50

ev nVvr ev AvKwK NU hvIqv NUbv ev NUbv weklI c~ei NUbv cevn ev

^vfvweK NUbvejwi ev mvaviY NUbvejxi P~ov ic ev GKUv wekl chvqgv|
hgb, 100 wWwM Zvcgvvq cvwb ev icvwiZ nq eU ZvB GwU Kvbv
ZvrwYK ev AvKwK welq bq, A_ev, gyiwMi nvK ev gwkbi Pvc-Zvc nvK
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KvhZ Zv bq eis GKUv wbw` mgq `Iqv Zvc-PvciB ^vfvweK cwiYwZ nQ
cvwbi ev icvi ev wWgi gyiwMi Qvbvq Rbjvf| mgvRi I GKB
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hw`P, cuywRZ cvwbK hgb `~lYgy Kiv hvq, Zgb `~wlZ cvwbevwnZ ivM

51

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`wfswMB nQ- vwK eZvwK `kb|

52

AZ:ci, ew wekli gvnvZ mwRZ AZxZi mKj kv ev fveveMi ev

Z_vKw_Z jvR-jvi ev MvcbxqZvi v-fyqv `wfswMK hgb cY Drcv`bx
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cuywRZ ^qs Zvi wbRi Mvcb inm Z_v D-g~j Avwevi I Zv eySZ Dchy
wfwI eZvwK `vkwbK wfwi gZvB wbRB Zix Ki cuywRZ wbRB wbRi
asmi Dchy KviY I KviK DbvwPZ I DbwjZ KiQ| GwUI cuywRZi BQv
wbic wqv Ges ^weivaxZvI|
(11) cY wewbgqi myweav_B AvaywbK gy`v mn chvqg evsK eevi DeweKvk Z_v wWK I wWU KvW Pvjy KiQ cuywRcwZ kYx| cuywR- kqvi evRvi
ev K gvKU DxY nq cuywRZx mgvRi mevP chvq DcbxZ nq cuywRZx
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Drcv`b wWUi f~wgKv cv-428 G ewYZ GB :
3. K Kvvwb MVb : Zvi dj :
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bq Drcv`bi Dcvq Ges kgi msK`xfebi AvM _KB DcwwZ, Zv GLvb
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Drcv`b KvVvgvi gaB ewMZ mw wnmve g~jabi Aemvb|
(3) mwZKvii KvhiZ awbKK Ab jvK`i g~jabi wbQK GKRb evevcK
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wiZKiY| Ggb wK h jfvsk Zviv cvq, Zv hw` my` Ges D`vM RwbZ gybvdvI ,
A_vr gvU gybvdvI Afy Ki ( Kbbv evevcKi eZb nj, wKsev nIqv
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cKvii kgi gZvB wbiwcZ nq), ZvnjI GB gvU gybvdv GLb cvIqv hvq
Kej my`i ic, A_vr g~jabi gvwjKvbv eve` Kej cwZc~iY wnmve h
g~jabi gvwjKvbv GLb mwZKvii cybircv`b cwqvq Ask MnY _K m~Y
wewQb, wVK hgb eevcKi ew-f~wgKv GLb g~jabi gvwjKvbv _K m~Y

53

wewQb| gybvdv GBfve `Lv `q ( Avi, hvK my` ejv nq, Zvi Kej mB
AskwU gv bq, hv Zvi c mg_b jvf Ki avi MnxZvi gybvdv _K) Acii
D, g~ji wbQK AvZxKiY wnmve, hvi De NU Drcv`bi Dcvq mg~ni
g~jabi icviY _K A_vr mwZKvii Drcv`bKvixi cwZcwZ Zv`i
ciKxKiY _K Drcv`bi KvR mZ mwZB wbhy cZK ewi- gvbRvi
_K me kl w`b gRyi ch cZK ewi - cwZ Avi GKRbi mw
wnmve Zv`i cwZwwZ ( GwUw_wmm) _K| K KvvbxwjZ KvRUv
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MY nq, ZvK `q Acii g~jab I mwi Dci Ges Zvi gvag Acii kgi
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mvgvwRK g~jabi Dci, Zvi wbqY ZvK `q mvgvwRK kgi Dci wbqY|
GKRb jvK Lv` h g~jabi mwZ mwZ gvwjK, wKsev gvwjK ej mvaviYi viv
cwiMwYZ, mB g~jab eZ nq DV wWUi DcwiKvVvgvi ewbqv`| GUv
weklfve mwZ cvBKvix evRvii , hvi ga w`q mvgvwRK Drcbi eni
Ask hvq| cwigvci mg gvb, abZvwK Drcv`bi Aaxb GLbv DvwcZ Kg
ekx mg Kwdqr, GLvb AwnZ nq| cvBKvix dvUKv-Kvievix hvi SuywK bq,

54

Zv Zvi wbRi mw bq, mvgvwRK mw| mqi msM g~jabi DrcwK

mwKZ Ki h ee, ZvI nq IV mgvb ALv`, KviY m hv `vex Ki Zv nj
Abiv Zvi Rb mq KiK| [------] fvM-weiwZ mK Ab K_vwU mivmwi
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kwmg~ni weKvk Ges wek evRvii cwZv| abZvwK Drcv`b eevi HwZnvwmK

55

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56

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57

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58

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59

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61

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we`kx m~U-KvU, eyU-UvB cwiwnZ wRbvn mvne we`kx weq KiQb Kb?
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A_ev, wcq ^`k fviZK Zviv fvM-wefvM Kijb Kb? A_ev, ^`kx nqI
^`kxK nZv-Lyb, RLg, jyb, alY, AwMmshvM I evP~Z Kijb Kb? A_ev,
fviZ wefvM we`kxi viv ^`ki mxgv wPwZKiY I Kw_Z ^vaxbZvi ciI
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`kB MfYi wnmve we`kxK envj ivLjb Kb? A_ev, we`kx`i m
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gvMjhyMi weavb cybenvji gvag BsiR cewZZ wk weevn wbiva AvBb, I
weave weevn AvBb evwZj Kijb bv Kb? A_ev, RvZ-cvZi gby mswnZv ey
KvhKi Kibwb Kb? A_ev, we`kx agi wewa-weavb mn cvwievwiK I ewMZ
AvBb envj ivLjb Kb? A_ev we`kx eyRvqv`i ivRbwZK gZev`mvK~jvwiRg fviZ ivi bxwZ wnmve MnY Kijb Kb? A_ev, fviZxq ii

68

Uvj eevq wdi bv wMq BsiR m GWyKkb eev envj ivLjb Kb?
A_ev, ^`ki PiKv c~uRvix nqI AUv UKvBj mn we`kx`i m-cwZwZ
ev we`kx`i mvnPh, AvbyKzj I ccvlKZvq ev we`kxK mnhvwMZv Kivi
Cbvg eveZ j cuywR, cwZwZ Kj KviLvbv, evsK-exgv I evwYwRK cwZvb
BZvw` wejxb I wejy Ki `kxq Avw` hyMi mij A_bxwZZ wdi Mjb bv
Kb ? A_ev, ^`kx PiKvi mnhvMx bKv, Mii Mvox I Nvovi Mvox -UgUgi
hyM wdi bv wMq we`kx`i cwZwZ ijmn bhvMvhvMi AvaywbK evnb
evxq Bwbi RvnvR Kej eenviB bq, Z`v_ Dbqb I DbwZ mvab mn
we`kx`i DovRvnvRI eenvi Kijb Kb ? A_ev, mKj ivi ^KxqZv
niY-zbKvix wekevsK-AvB.Gg.Gdi ewkK gZv-KZZ I GLwZqvi Rvbv
mI wbw` cwigvY cuywR w`q bni-wRbv`i ewUk-fviZi miKvi
AvB.Gg.Gdi Pzwc dvi cwZvKvjB mwn-^vi Ki m`m njv Kb ?
Gvme mI Mvx,bni, wRbvniv `kcwgK!? A_ev, fviZ cvwKvb, ev
cvwKvb fvM-wefvMi gZvB fviZxq jwbbev`xiv h Zv`i `j Kw_Z
KwgDwb cvwU fvM-wefvM KiQb wefvwRZ `kwji bvgB ZvZ Zv`i
`kcgZv eUB `jxq cgI h ck we,ZvIZv wbwZ bq wK ?
A_P, GB eyRvqv ZvwK-gnvZ ev MYZvwK I jwbbev`x ciRxexiv Kw_Z RvZxq
gyw nvwmj ev ^vaxb iv cwZvi fyqv ^c wev Ki `ywbhvi nvRvi-j
kgRxex gvbylK civwPZ I eva KiQ bvbvb aiYi wbcxob-wbhvZb mn Kiv
mn hy-BZvw`i nvsMvgv-weo^bvq Rxeb nvivZ| wK fqvbK ^weivaxZv I
cZviYv ! GKw`K ewgvwjKvbv I ivwK Mx _vKQ, Abw`K G mKj MxK
Pzigvi Ki Nywoq w`q gnvgZvai cuywR Zvi gvwjKKI eva KiQ mgM `ywbqvq
cuywR-cYi Aeva hvZvqZ I cevn wbwwZ K hveZxq wewa-weavb KvhKiY|
Zey e_ nqQ cyuwRcwZ kYx ejB nvji g`v AevnZ AvQ I cKU ic wbQ|
AZ:ci, GZvw`bKvi ej PwPZ Kw_Z MYZ BZvw`I Rjyk nvwiq cywjkmbvevwnbx viv eeifve `gb KiQ bivR BZvw`| cuywRi GgbZiv gRyZ
msKU I K`xfebi nZzev` cuywRZx aviv AevnZ ivLZ gvMZfve mKj
iv nq DVQ KejB ^iZvwK I ^QvPvwiZvi Avavi weklgv |
fvUvfvwUi miKvi bvMwiKMYi mv_ KejB ^iZvwK-^QvPvix AvPiY
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gvMZB GwMq hZ ne wbevPbx Iqv`v fsM- wekvmNvZKZv I cZviYv BZKvi
gnvmoK kvmK eyRvqvK| myZivs, bivR evoQB Ges cvjv w`q evoe
^iZ| GwUI cuywRZx eevi msKU-mgmv I ^weivaxZv|
(16) D-g~jB hnZz cY Drcv`bi j cuywRcwZi| ZvB D-g~j
AvZmvZi myweav nvwmji ^v_ e Ab wKQy weePbvq wbZ ivRx bq cuywRcwZ
kYx| AZ:ci, Drcv`bx cwqvq m welv eR h-Z wbc, gvvwZwi
Kveb wb:miY, KejB wbR wbR cqvRb AcwiKwZfve cvwbi h_Q

69

eenvi cvwbi ^vfvweK MwZ-cevn cwZeZv mw, ivmvqwbK I KxUbvkK

BZvw`i bivwRK eenvi, AcwiKwZ ivv-NvU wbgvY, e wbab, cvnvo webvk
BZvKvi bvbvb wqvw`i gvag f~wgi q-Aeq, RjveZv, cveb, cvwb `~lY,
evq~ `~lY, k `~lY, DZv ew I IRbi wbZ wZ mvab, eid Mjv ew, f~wPi i`-e`j BZKvi bvbvb `vl- `vl cwiek-cwZek gvivZKfve `~wlZ
I wecb nQ cwZwbqZ| cwiewZZ nQ Rjevq~| wechqKi cwiwwZi fqenZv
AvuP KiZ ci cuywRZi wek gvojiv bvbvb ewkK mjb BZvw` AvqvRb
Ki KvhZ ^xKvi KiQ h, mecKvi `~lY mw I ewKvix ewkK cuywRZi
welwqvq Drcb wqv-cwZwqv gewaZfve h mKj mgmv mw I ew KiQ,
Zba Rjevq~ cwieZb ev cvwb mgmv ev Abyic ewkK mgmvwji mgvavb
vbxq ev RvZxqfve Kiv me bq| cY Drcv`bx cwqvq m Abyic bvbvb `~lY
nZ gyw cvIqv h cY Drcv`bx eevq me bq, Zv hgb cuywRZx gvojiv
^xKvi KiQ bv, Zgb ewkK mgmvi mgvavb KiZ nj h Zv ewkKfveB
KiZ ne GBic gZvgZ cKvivi mvcwZK AbywZ bvbvb ewkK mjb
BZKvi NUbvejx viv ^xKvi Kiv mI ivwK Mx eRvq I envj iL
eavfvM wef cw_exZ h GgbwK Rievq~ cwieZb RwbZ mgmviI mgvavb
cKZB me bq, Zv KejB ew gvwjKvbvi ^v_B Keyj KiQ bv Zver cuywRZx
gvoj-wekvi` Mqin | dj- cw_exK gvbyli emevmi AhvM Kivi `vlYxq
cwqv ewaZ nIqv Qvov KgQ bv weavq my`i cw_exUvI wbivc` bq cY Drcv`bx
cwqvq asmi kl cv DcbxZ wecb cuywRcwZ kYxi nvZ|
(17) jwbbev`i e`jZ webvk I wejyw nZ mvgwqKfve iv cjI cuywRi
Rb kZB cuywRZx eev Gevi jR- Mvei Aevq DcbxZ nq wbZB
`Z nZ `ZZi MwZZ Dvb-cZbi P N~wYqgvb cuywRcwZ kYx ^xq kYx
AvwacZ ivq mvgwiK LvZi Dci AwZgvvq iZvivc Ki klZ AvbweK
evgv BZvw` gvivZK weasmx weviK Zix KiQ Ges w`b w`b GB RvZxq
fqvbK I asmvZK mvgwiK movg cZ KiB hvQ| ZvQvov, bZzb bZzb
mvgiwK mivgvw` cZ bv Ki mvgwiK LvZ wewbqvMKZ cuywR wbRi AwZ
iv KiZ hgb mg bq, Zgb `ywbqvi wewfb Ask mvgwiK Kvh-Kjvc A_vr
nZv-asmh msNwUZ bv nj GLvZi cuywRi mvjb msKU Zix nZ eva| ZvB,
cuywRi kZ cuywRZ hy ceY mgvR|
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bvMvmvwK-wnivwkgvq 1945 mvji AvM AvbyweK evg wbc Ki g~ZB
AmsL wk, Kj-KviLvbv, emwZ, AeKvVvgv I cwiKvVvgv mgZ nvRvi nvRvi
gvbylK Lyb-RLg Ki| gRyZ cuywRi Pvc-fvi fvivv-wc I mvjb Zvobvq
Db wnUjvi hgb cuywRi mvjb Z_v cYi gRyZ KgvZ 2q wekhyi m~Pbv
Ki wbRI ^qs Lyb nqQ, Zgb gvwKbx AvbyweK nvgjvq Kej cuywRcwZ kYxi
k - kwgK kYxB bq, wbnZ-AvnZ, cs I wZM nqQ eU Rvcvbi

70

cuywRcwZ kYxi ew weklI| GB ic AmsL hy BZvw` viv cgvwYZ nqQ h,

cuywRi ^v_ cuywRcwZ kYx Zvi ky- kwgK kYxKB nZv-Lyb ev `gb-cxob KiB
v nq bv, eis cwZw I cwZhvwM cuywRcwZKI nZv Ki ejB cuywRcwZ kYx
wbRB wbRi k I cuywRcwZ weklK nZvKvix| G nb ^qsNvwZ cuywRcwZ kYxi
nvZ GLb h cwigvY AvbweK evgv gRyZ AvQ ZvZ bvwK Zvgvg cw_exK
AmsLevi asm Kiv hve| cuywR Z_v ewgvwjKvbvi ^v_ DvweZ Gic
asmvZK- gvivZK weviK I mvgwiK mivgvw` Drcb Ki eyRvqv kYx
gvbeRvwZ mgZ cw_ex asmi KviY nqQ eU| wK ZvZI eyRvqv kYx
cuywRZi msKU-mgmv ew e nvm KiZ cviwb| dj- DQ` AvZsK
AvZswKZ Ges gZz fq fxZ -AcwiYvg`kx cuywRcwZ kYxi nvZ Kej kwgK
kYx bq, eis wbivc` bq mgM gvbe RvwZ Ges cw_exUvI | myZivs, cuywRZi
Kei bv nIqv ch wbivc` nZ cviQ bv gvbeRvwZ mn awixI |AZ:ci, cuywRi
wbivcv weavb evcK weasmx gviYv Zix Ki ZviB asmhi gZvAvZsK AvZswKZ cuywRcwZ kYxI h fqvbK wbivcnxbZvq Avv ZvIZv
cuywRZi ^weivax ^fve|
(18) gnv weki me wKQy mK GLbv vZ bq gvbeRvwZ, Ze Rvbv-bvi
cwiwa gB weZZ nQ| KvRB, gvbe RvwZi wbivc` I my`i-mvejxj I
kvwc~Y Rxebi Rb wK me Adzi fvvi gnv wek AvQ ZvI GLbv h_v_fve
AbywgZ bq| Ze mvebv h Acvi Zv cvq wbwZ| Abw`K GgbwK awixi gvU
m`I GLbv wbiwcZ bq| ZvQvov, cKwZi bvbvb DcKiYK egyLxbfve
eenvii gvag gvbyli KvR jvMvbvi e Z I Z_-chyw GLb gvbyli
Kivq | bU-gvevjvBmn Iqv IqvBW Iqe chywi KjvY Z_ I
hvMvhvMi myhvM AfvweZ| `k-RvwZ ev iv BZKvi Zver z` I msKxY Mx
I ei mKj mxgvbv -eov A^xKZ I AKvhKZ nq mgM `ywbqvi gvbyl
ciii mwnZ mshvM-mK vcb KiQ Anin| ewgvwjKvbvi gaB mw
nqQ mvgwK gvwjKvbv I mvgvwRK ^Qv kgi bvbvb ewkK mvgvwRK cwZvb
I gvag | gZzi ciI Kwg nvU wcV Sywjq bZzb fve Rxeb-hvcb Af kZ
kZ gvbyl Rxebi Avq~vj evwoq w`we `vewoq eovQ | wRb wP AvweZ I
xg mji KjvY gvbyli gZz VKvbvi Rvi cPv Pvwjq hvQ wevbx
Kzj| GmKj myhvM-myweav mwKvix nqI cuywRZx mgvR GmKj myweavw`i
mveRbxb eenvii myhvM w`Z AcivM I Ag | Dci, cuywRi jvf Lv`,
cvbxq, Jla mn bvbvb cY fRvj-`~lY Kiv mn hveZxq `~lY mevwaK wZM
kwgK kYx | ZvB kwgK kYx mn e gvbyl KejB cuywRZx `~lYi hgb wkKvi
Zgb AvaywbK wPwKrmv BZvw`i myhvM-myweav ewZ ej bvbvb RwUj-KwVb I
gvbwmK ivMvv nq bvbvb fvMvwi wkKvi nIqv mn AKvj gZzeiY KiQ|
GwUI cuywRZx eevi ^weivaxZv I mxgvZv|

71

weki gvU Rb mgwi 50% Gi Kg msLK gvbyl Kejgv Drcv`bx wqv-Kg

hy-RwoZ| cuywRcwZ kYx , I cuywRcwZ kYxi meK bvbvb aiYi bvbvb bZvwkK, iK- bvbvb evwnbx, Kzgi fZ bvbvb RvZxq KZv, AwaKZv I KgPvix
BZKvi GK weivU jvU enii Avivg-Avqki wejvmx Rxebi `vq-`vwqZ enb
KiI weMZ eQi weki gv_v cwZ h cwigvY Mo Avq nqQ Zv mgvbycvZ wewj
eUb Kiv njI m~YUv eq Kiv hZ bv | GZvUv gvvq AwZwi cY I D
g~j mw nIqvq h cwigvY gRyZ Zix nqQ Zvi Pvc-fvi fsM ZQ-bQ
nQ Zvgvg cuywRZx eev| Avi hw` Drcv`bg mKjB Drcv`bx KvR wbhy
nZv Ges GKRbI ciRxex _vKvi myhvM bv _vKZv Ze we`gvb chywMZ
AevqB GLbB gv `wbK 1 nZ `o NUv cwikg KijB `ywbqvi Zver gvbyl
Zv`i Rb cqvRbxq I ^v mZ DcKiYvw`i eev KiZ mg Abvqvk|
A_P, `ywbqvi kwgK kYx `wbK 8,10 ev 10-12 NUv cwikg Kiv mI wek
evsKi mvcwZK wicvU Abyhvqx AvMvgx KqKgvm Kejgv mvgvwjqvZB
KqK jvL gvbyl `ywf gZzeiY Kie| GwU Kej jv bq, eis cuywRi
Avw`g-AKwg eeiZv- RNbZv, wnsmZv I nZvKv|
(19) f~-Kb, mybvwg, So-RjvQvm, ZzlvicvZ-eidcvZ, AwM DrcvZ,
avevbj BZKvi `yhvMceb Aj ev cvnvo-ceZ, ebvj-RsMj, I `yMg
Aj emevm Kivi A_ wbwZfve Rxebnvwb mn bvbvb `yfvMi SuywK I Z`c
SuywKi fq-fxwZ wbq w`bvwZcvZ| Rxeb aviYi DcKiY cvw I wbivc` Rxebi
Rb nvRvi nvRvi eQi c~e nZ gvbyl vbvi MgbvMgb KiQ| GLbv , wbivc`
emwZi cqvRbxq GjvKv AKzjvb bq| Abw`K, cw_exi RbmsLv 1wewjqb
_K nZ 2 wewjqb nZ mgq wbqwQj 110 eQi A_vr -1820 mvj jvK
msLv wQj 1 wewjqb Avi 1930 mvj 2 wewjqb| wK, RyjvB-2000 mvj
weki RbmsLv wQj 6 wewjqb Ges gv 11 eQii gv_vq 2011 mvj RbmsLv 7 wewjqb| Zba Gwkqvq GB msLv hgb ekx Zgb ewi nviI ekx|
AZ:ci, cieZx chvq 8-5 ev 3 eQii gv_vq hLb 1 wewjqb Ki gvbyl evoe
ZLb Kej kwgK kYx bq, NbemwZi `kmn `yhvMc~Y Aj emevmKvix
gvbylRbi cwiYwZ wK ne ? A_P, ewgvwjKvbv wejxb nj Ges ewgvwjKvbv
iv I msiYi iv I ivi cwZiK wekevsK ev Zv`i ZxevnK msvmsMVb BZvw` bv _vKj mgM `ywbqvi mKj gvbyl wbivc` emevmi Rb cw_exi
mePvBZ wbivc` vbK mwwjZfve wPwZ Ki mB mKj vbK mKji
emevmi DchvMx Ki Mo ZzjZ Kvbv cwZeKZv _vKe bv| ZvQvovKwbqvmn AvwdKvi `kwj Ges evsjv`k mn Gwkqvi AwaKvsk `k mgZ
cw_exi e`ki e gvbyl evm Ki emevmi AhvM, ^vi Rb wZKi ew
ev ewZzj AvevwmK GjvKvq| kxZ-ewZI ij-moKi cvkI emevmKvix ev
Nygvbvi ev ivwhvcbi gvbyli msLvI bnvqZ Kg bq|

72

GgbwK Lv` AvgwiKvi jywmqvbv ivR nvj cwZ 10 Rb 4 Rb emwZnxb gvbyl

ivvq ivw hvcb Ki| ^v ivq Lvevi ev ZvcvbyKzj cvlvK-cwiQ`Zv bqB,
GgbwK `~wlZ-welv cvwb Qvov wgw ev mycq cvwb cvbi myhvMI Kejgv H
mKj ewevmx ev dzUcvZevmxiB bq RyU bv eU AbK f`MvQi evoxi
evwmv`iI| KjKvZv-XvKvi gZv e Rbej bMixZB miKvi KZK
mieivnKZ cvwb Kej `~wlZB bq, wekl cvbi AhvM I fqvbK wZKi
Ges e ivMewai KviY| AZ:ci, cuywRZx eev cw_exi mKj gvbyli
wbivc` emwZ I ^vmZ evmvbi msvb KiZI hgb Ag-AhvM Ges
cwZeK Zgb mKji Rb cqvRbxq wgw ev mycq cvwbi hvMvb w`ZI
AcivM| A_P, GLbv wgw cvwb AKzjvb bq awixZ| myZivs, wekvj cwigvY
cuywR gRyZ _vKjI GgbwK Pvwn`v gZv wgw cvwb hvMvZ AcivM cuywRZ wUK
_vKvi Av` AvekKZv AvQ wK? bv Ges bv|
(20) mvg-gx, ^vaxbZv I ew^vZZv BZKvi gyLivPK eywji Avovj KvhZ
cuywRi ewgvwjKvbv, Aeva evwYR I Aeva KbvePvi mvgMxK myhvM-myweavw`i
c_ ckKiY KiwQj cuywRcwZ kYx| PvPi KZZ niYmn gZz`i weavbI iwnZ
KiQ cuywRcwZ kYxB| Mv c_v ev gahyMxq fvegvbm I fveveM BZvw`
a~wjmvr Ki gvbyli cvwievwiK m^K wbZvB UvKvi mK cwiYZ KiQ
cuywR| cY Drcv`bx cwqvq cZK kwgK wbRK GKK gvbyl wnmve wPbZ
cvijI m GKv h Kvbv cY Drcv`b hgb KiZ cvi bv Zgb mgvwRK kg
Qvov h cY Drcb nq bv ZvI cZ Kijv| hZvB cuywRcwZ kYx `vex KiK
cuywRZ mKjB ^vaxb wK KvhZ kwgK Zvi cY Z_v kg kw wewi `vgv`vwgZ
`kZ ^vaxb ev gy njI cuywRZx wbqgB wi nq kg kwi `vg Z_v gRywi Ges
KvhZ kwgK nQ gRywi `vm, h kg kw wew Kiv Qvov euvPZ cvi bv| hw`P,
f~wg`vmZi gZv meYB wbqvMKZvi Aaxb I wbqY _vKv bq, eis, kg
c`vbKvjxb Kgmgq eZxZ evKxUv mgq gRywi `vm- kwgK wbRi BQvgZvB
KvUvZ cvi| Avevi en`vqZb wki hyM DcbxZ nq ew cuywRcwZi
AcqvRbxqZv I wZKiZv hgb kwgK kYx cZ KiQ , Zgb cuywRcwZ kYx
QvovB mvgMxK Drcv`bx wqv Kjvc I mvgvwRK Kvhvw` mwwjZfve mv`b h
Ame bq ZvI RbQ kwgK kYx|
Dci, cyb:cb g`v-msKUi cyb:cyb P AvewZZ eyRvqv kYx wbRB wbRi
asm mvab Ki gv^q h_ I mvgvwRK gvwjKvbvi hveZxq Avvg-AvqvRb
KiQ ZvI cZ KiQ kwgK kYx| A_vr eyRvqv kYx wbRi mv_ wbRB kZv
wj nq Lv` ewgvwjKvbvi wZ mvab Ki cY Drcv`bi mvgvwRK PwigZv
mvgvwRK gvwjKvbvi c_ gvMZ aweZ nq eyRvqv kYxi webvk mvab Ki
kYxnxb mgvRi Rwgb wbZB Zix KiQ ZvI bRi Govbvi myhvM bvB| wK,
ZvB ej eyRvqv kYx nvRviv ^weivaxZv-eixZv I mxgveZv Ges wnsmZv I

73

RNbZv wbq njI wUK _vKZ PvBe bv ZvZv nZ cvi bv | ZvB, GK`v
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AcPvq BwZnvmi PvKvK wcQb NyivZ wMq cwiYZ nqQ Pig cwZwqvkxj
kYxZ| wecixZ eyRvqv mgvRi Awbevh cwiYwZ hnZz mvgvwRK gvwjKvbvi
kYxnxb mgvR Ges hnZz eyRvqv kYxi AvekKxq m kwgK kYx Drcv`bx
nvwZqvii gvwjKvbvnxb mnZz ewgvwjKvbv wejvci gvag mvaviY ev
mvgvwRK gvwjKvbvi kYxnxb mgvR cwZvi gvag ^xq kYxi gyw mn mgM
gvbeRvwZi gyw mvab GKgv Dchy I hvM nQ Kejgv kwgK kYx| ZvB,
cuywRZx mgvR Kejgv kwgK kYx GKvKx wecex kYx| myZivs, ewgvwjKvbv
ivq AcPvKvix cwZwqvkxj eyRvqv kYxi mwnZ gyLvgywL `uvwoq _vKv wecex
kwgK kYxi -msNvZ Gi cwiYwZ nQ mgvRZ| GwUI cuywRZi ^weivaxZv
I ^eixZv|
(21) cuywR MVb, mqb I cywfeb P cYi cybircv`b-mvjb I cybircv`b
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76

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77

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Kiv mgZ AmsL hy KI AvmQ | 2010 mvj mvgwiK LvZ 1400 wewjqb
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gvwKb Wjvi| RbcwZ 236 gvwKb Wjvi| GKKfve gvwKb hyivi kqvi
nQ- 43% Ges 15 wU ivi kqvi nQ- 82%| 2001 mvji Zzjbvq 2009

78

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KiQ eQi eQi|
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weRqi gvag mgvRZ cwZv Kiv w`ev^ci welq eU| eZ I KvhZ Ges
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eyRvqviv ! ???? ;
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Bm~ nIqvi myhvM bvB| ZvB, we`gvb cuywRZx eevq iv wekli
mvsweavwbK KZZg~j AbywZ wbevPbi gvag eyRvqv bZZ wbevwPZ nIqv Qvov
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wbevPbi gvag Zv`i kvwc~Y fvU wecei myhvM cve bv| Dci eyRvqv`i

79

msweavbi AvIZvq wbevPb AskMnYi gvagB Kw_Z mgvRZxiv KvhZB nqQ

coQ eyRvqv msweavbi mg_K-iK I wbivcv weavbKvix; Ges
(P)KwgDwb cvwUi Bvnvii GK`g kl cvivq hgb ewYZ GB: The
Communists disdain to conceal their views and aims. They openly
declare that their ends can be attained only by the forcible
overthrow of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes
tremble at a Communistic revolution. The proletarians have
nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win.
AZ:ci, KwgDwb Bvnvi g~jB Bvnvi iPbv Kvj hgb kvwc~Y bq, eis
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fve nZv-Lyb ev g Kiv njI kYxMZ mKi i`-e`j nq bv Z_v
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ew bq, eis cY ePvKbvi cuywRev`x mgvRB G kZvi Rb`vZv| KvRB,
cuywRZi wfw ewgvwjKvbv hZvY _vKe ZZvY ewgvwjKvbvi kZvaxb
kZv, weiva I eixZv Rbve I _vKe|

80

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wei xqvkxj GK wZKi I qKi kYx eU| AZ:ci, BwZnvmi xobK
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AcmvwiZ ne ZLb ewgvwjKvbvi wbqgRvZ wqv-cwZwqvi myhvM bvB ew
wekli| A_vr ewgvB gyw jvf Kie mvgvwRK gywi kZ| ZvB, ew wekl
bq, KvhZ I cKZB ewgvwjKvbvi cuywRZx mvgvwRK eevB hnZz kwgK
kYxi gywi cwZeK mnZz cuywRZx eevi AcmviY- wejvcB kwgK kYxi
gywi kZ Ges weKnxb KiYxq| AZ:ci, LZg ev ew nZvi bxwZ bq, eis
ewgvwjKvbvi eyRvqv mgvR wejy I wejxb KivB kwgK kYxi gywi kZvaxb
bxwZ ; ZvB eyRvqv mgvR wejxb eyRvqv kYxK KeiKiYi ewgvwjKvbvi
Aemvb e ew nZv KwgDwb cvwUi bxwZI bq, KiYxq ev KgI bq| Z`gg
cvix KwgDb Dchy `v eU|
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wbevmb ev Z`vbyic aviYvKI wPiZi we`vq Kivi gvag hZvUv me gZzK VwKq ev
civwRZ Kivi Pjgvb cwqvq gvbeRvwZi cZK m`mi Rxeb I ghv`vi cwic~Y
wbwwZ wbwZKiYv_ wqvkxj KwgDwb cvwU- wnsmvgy ,`ywv gy I kvw cZvkx ev
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BZKvi gvbweK Yvejxi gvMZ cwizUb I cjeb mwq | myZivs,LZg ev Lyb-Lvivwe
I mvm bq, eis gvbyli Rxeb iv I gvbweK ghv`v cwZvi cvwU nQ- KwgDwb
cvwU|
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bvbvb ewkK msv-msMVb| wK, ew gvwjKvbv bv _vKj ew gvwjKvbv iv I
msivi m Zver cwZvb-msvi AvekKZv I cqvRbxqZv eZB Ges HwZnvwmK
wbqgB _vK bv| KvRB, mgvRZvwK eevq cwievi -iv BZKvi Avc`-Rvjjv
BwZnvmi cvZvq hy ne| Z`j mgvRi mKji KvhKi AskMnY I cwiKbvq
mvgvwRK gvwjKvbvi mvgvwRK eevcbvi Rb cwZwZ ne GK wek mwgwZ| AZ:ci,
KwgDwb cvwUI hZy kwgK kYxi cvwU, mnZz kYx wejyKvix kwgK kYx Acivci
kYxi mv_ kYx wnmve wbRiI wejyw mvabi gvag wbRi gZvB mgM gvbeRvwZi
gyw wbwZv_ h mgvRZvwK mgvR ARb Kie ZvZ- KwgDwb cvwUi HwZnvwmK
cqvRbxqZv wb:kwlZ ne| myZivs, KwgDwb cvwU wejxb I wejy ne|

81

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(1) mvgvwRK kg Drcb cYi gvwjKvbv ewMZ- cuywRZx mgvRi GB
^weivaxZvi Dcyhy mgvavb- mvgvwRK gvwjKvbvi KwgDwbRg|
(2) bivwRK Drcv`b AwZwi cY Drcv`bi fvi wbcwZZ cuywRZi cyb:cyb
msKUi cyb:cwbK g`vi h_v_ mgvavb- cwiKwZ Drcv`bi mvgvwRK
gvwjKvbvi KwgDwbRg|
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Aemvb mKji Rb cvPzhi Dchy eev- mvgvwRK gvwjKvbvi KwgDwbRg|
(4) cYi wew msKUi mgvavb cY wewK c_vi Aemvb mvgvwRK Pvwn`v gZv
cwiKwZ Drcv`b- Gi mvaviY gvwjKvbvi mgvRZ| ZvB, mgvRZ ePvKbv bvB| dj ePv-Kbvi Rb A_ BZvw`i hgb cqvRb bvB, Zgb ePvKbvi wbwg eeZ gy`v BZKvi welqvw`i mwnZ mwKZ evsK-exgv,
evwYwRK cwZvb BZKvi mKj welqvw` AcmZ ne| A_vr KwgDwbRg cY
A`k ne; ZvB cuywRi Aavb NUe| myZivs-cYnxb, cuywRnxb mgvRB nQ
KwgDwbRg|
(5) cuywRcwZ kYxi mwnZ RbMZ kZ eixg~jK mK mwKZ kwgK kYxi
weivai GKgv I h_v_ mgvavb- gvwjKnxb, kwgKnxb Z_v kg kw ePv-Kbvi
myhvMnxb mvaviY gvwjKvbvi KwgDwbRg| ZvB,mgvRZ hgb gRywi I gRywi `vm
bvB Zgb kg kwi Zv gvwjK ev cuywRcwZI bvB | myZivs mgvRZ - kYxnxb
mgvR|
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mKj mvgvwRK AbvPvi BZvw`i Aemvb- ePv-Kbv nxb Z_v D-g~j mwi
myhvMnxb- mvaviY gvwjKvbvi KwgDwbRg|
(7) kgB Drcb Ki cY| Zey, cuywRZx mgvR kgi iZK A^xKvi-LvUv I
nxb MY kwgK kYxK wb`bxq kYx mve AkwgK cuywRcwZ kYxK Kwgfyqvfve AwfRvZ I megq gZvi AwaKvix cwZcbi cuywRZx mgvRi g~j
ewk- cY Drcv`b Gi gaKvi GwlqK weiva-eixZv I ^weivaxZvi
Aemvb- mvgvwRK gvwjKvbvi KwgDwbRg| ZvB, kgi ebgywi mgvRKwgDwbRg Drcv`bx kg Avi Kvb kYx wekli ag bq, eis mg mKj gvbyl
cwiKwZ Drcv`b Ask MnY Kivi gvag kg h_v_fveB mveRbxbZv jvf I
^gwngvq ^xq iZi ^xKwZ nvwmj Kie| ZvB KwgDwbRg kg wb`ybxq bq |
AZ:ci, ewgvwjKvbv wegy mgvRZ cZKB kg Kiv mI KDB kwgK
bq, gvbyl| myZivs, gvbyli mgvR nQ - mvgZx mgvR |
(8) ciRxexZvi m~Pbv nZB ciRxex`i myhvM-myweav RvqRxKiY I vqxKiYi
wbwg Zver ciRxex gvoj-cfyiv wbR`iK `eZv, Dc-cvwZ `eZv mvwRq
wbR`i PvjvwK-PvZzivjx I Kkjvw`K Cki c` hvMZv-gav wnmve Rvwni
Ki `vm ev f~wg`vm BZKvi kgRxexK Ckii Kcvnxb , eKzd-evKv, M`f

82

BZKvi cvYx Zzj Rxe wnmve wPwZ I kbv KiQ| `e-`eZv bvgxq
ivRbwZK KZZB wbR`i ivRbwZK KZZ RvqR I AzbKiY wbR`iK
AwfRvZ-exi, cwZfvevb, eywgvb, vbx , wkK , bZv BZKvi MY-gvb
mve kgRxex`iK Kej Kw_Z MY-gvb`i Aaxb _vKvB bq, eis gvbyl
gvB Rb kZB Acivax cwZcb Ki gvbeRvwZi Kw_Z AvRb Acivax ^fveRvZ
Acivax wqvKg ev `yg nZ gvbylK divZ ev iv KiZ ev ZrcwZweavb
Kw_Z Dchy wqvw` mv`b Z_v cu~Rb-fRb, wkb, I ` weavb wbqvwRZ
eywgvbiv - bgm, cu~Rbxq, kvfvRb, gvbbxq I gvbei, i, evY, wkK,
bZv BZKvi bvbvb c`i ZKgv`vix| DjL H mKj ciRxex f`i gZ`eZviv gvbyl bq, ev gvbe Kzj Rb wbjI , Zviv nq Ckii cy ev Ckii
Askx`vi ev Ckii Kcvab Ges Cki I `eZvi wcqcv eU exi, cwZfvevb,
i, evY, wkK, bZv cgyLivI|
cuywRcwZ kYxI kvlYi eev AUzU-AzbKiY AZxZi eaiYi ciRxex`i
jvjb-cvjb I ccvlKZv c`vb Kiv mgZ Aviv bZzb bZzb ckvi eywRxex
evwbq-mvwRq kgRxexK KejB g~L, A, AwkwZ I eywnxb GK gvbweK h
wnmve cwZcb KiQ| cuywRZx eevqI AZxZi gZvB eywRxex bvgxq GmKj
ciRxexivB, mbvbxq, gvbbxq, gvbei I ghv`vevb RvZxq bvbvb c`i ZKgvavix
Avi kgRxexiv Ambvbxq-Aghv`vevb| ZvBZv Kw_Z ghv`vevbiv- ghv`vnxb
kgRxex wbeMxq`i gZv- hviv, Zviv bq , eis P` we`y hvM Zuviv,
huviv nDb eU|
AZxZi gZv cuywRZI bZv-wkK BZKvi Zver eywRxex Z_v ciRxex`i
ciRxexZvi hvMvb w`Z nq Kw_Z vb-eywnxb kgRxexK| evZq AZxZi
biKevm, Kq`evm, gZz` BZKvi bvbvb `i gZvB wKQyUv msvi mvab Ki
cuywRZI bvbvb `vw`i wenxZ Ki eU ciRxexivB|
A_P, AZxZi mwZ AwfZv hv vb wnmve kbvKZ, Zv mn we`gvb mgvRi
cvwicvwkKZv nZ gvbyl wbRi AwfZv jvf Ki| cuywRZx mgvR GB
AwfZvi wekRbxb cwiek Zix Ki cyKvw` mn nvj Avgji wcU I BjwK
wgwWqv, bU-gvevBj BZKvi h I chyw Pvjy I KvhKi Ki mgM `ywbqvi mKj
eenvixK gvbeRvwZi mvgMxK AwfZv mK vZ nIqvi myhvM mw KiQ|
ZvQvov, gvbyli gw, hv wPv Ki Zv AvbycvwZK nvi mgvb| gwi
GK`kgvsk KD c~Yfve KvR jvwMqQ Zgb bwRi GLbv bB; Ze ne|
hKvb Drcv`bx wqvq ev g~j mwZ gwi wqv A_vr wPv Ges wPvi wfw
AwfZv weKnxbfve AvekK I KvhKi| KvRB, kg gwi eenvi
mshy| AZ:ci, gwi wqv Z_v gwi Kg-wb`k I wb`kbv Qvov `wnK
AsMvw` ^wqZvq Ag I AhvM nIqvq Kw_Z `wnK I gvbwmK kg Gi dvivK ev
ZdvZ welqK ee evbvqvwU-AmZ e mZ I h_v_ nIqvi myhvM bvB|
myZivs,kwgK gvB wPvkxj, Awf Z_v Z_ mg|

83

KvRB, kwgKiv wPvkxj bq ev vbx bq ev AwkwZ-g~L ic gZvgZ ev ee Z_v

gvbwmK I `wnK kgi ga ZdvZKvix wb`vb hnZz fyqv , AmZ I evbvqvwU mnZz
gvbwmK kgi Kvievix `vex`vi eywRxex`i m GZ`msv m~ hgb h_v_ bq, Zgb
Zv`iB Zix - Ajm gw kqZvbi KvivLvbv cev`wU eywePv eywRxex`i gZv
kqZvb`i B chvR| Dci, AvaywbK wk eevi myev` kwgK AvaywbK chywi
Z_ mg Z_v Awf A_vr vbx bv _vKvi myhvM bvB| ZvB, bZv, i, evY, wkK ,
eywRxex BZKvi Kvbv gvbeii AvekKZv ^qs mPZb kwgK kYxi bvB, eis
kqZvbwjiB AbK wKQy Rvbv-eySvi AvQ BwZnvm I kwgK kYxi wbKU nZ| AZ:ci,
Z_ ev AwfZv Z_v vb welq ciRxex I kgRxexi gaKvi weiva-eixZvq ficyi
cuywRZx mgvRi ^weivaxZvi Dchy mgavb- ciRxex gy KwgDwbRg| KvRB,
mgvRZ bZv-i, evY-wkK, BZKvi mvgvwRK Rvj-AveRbv I Avc`-wec`
Z_v ciRxex _vKvi myhvM bvB Ges KD miKg bq|ZvB KwgDwbRg mKjB eywgvb,
Awf I Z_ mg A_vr mKjB vbx|
cvK cuywRZx hyM `yqKRb f-cZviK meRvvi fvb-fwbZv Kivi myhvM cjI
cuwy RZ KvhZB mB myhvM bvB| ZvB cuywRZx mgvR KD bq meRvv ev me welq
wekvi`| Avevi cZKB wKQy bv wKQy Rvb| wK KDB Kejgv wbR wbR Rvbv-eySvi
mxwgZ cwiwai Dci wbfi Ki euvPZ cvi bv| ZvB, cqvRb njB Acivci Rvbv-eySv
ev Z`mwKZ Z_ mg ew wekli mv_ AvekKxq Z_i Av`vb-c`vb Ki|
KvRB, cZKi Rvbv-eySvi mxgveZv `~ixKiY cZKB Av:wbfiZvi mKvaxb|
KvRB meRvv i ev wkK hgb cuywRZ gv^q wbcqvRb nq DVQ Zgb iwkli AvPvi-AvPiY ev Z`vbyic evj-Pvj BZvw` Kej `wKU~B bq, eis egvbvbI
eU wb`bc ghv`vevb ewi f`Zv I ghv`vi gvb` | hw`P, kxK, ivg, gby, gymv,
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iKzj RbjvfKvix i`i wejvmx Rxeb-hvcbi mvgMxK `vq-`vwqZ I KZe eU
A, Ac`v_ fKzj `vmvby`vm`i| cuywRcwZiv cuywRi ^v_ Agb Avw` i bv njI
bvbvb ckvi ciRxex Z_v eywRxex evwbqQ AbK | wK cwZwqvkxj chvq DcbxZ
nq cwZwqvkxj eyRvqvivI cwicvlY-ZvlY I jvjb-cvjb KiQ eU bvbvb mvaymbvmx I iRx ev muvBwR| AZxZi gvB_vjwRKvj Kv- f`i GKvji ivRbwZK
Pwivqb eU jwbb-gvI Ms G Kvs|
wK, mgvRZ cZKB wevbx I wevb gvbwmKZv mb ew| ZvB, cZKB
cqvRbxq Z I Z_ Z_v AwfZv wewbgq Ki cZKi Z_ welqK mxgvZv
`~ixKiYi gvag wbRi A_vr cZKi Z_v mgvRi mvgMwK Dbqb I DbwZZ|
AZ:ci, mgvRZ- cZKi Rvbv-eySvi cwimi KejB gewaZnvi evovZ cZK
cZKi mnhvMx-ez | ZvB, mgvRZ - AZxZKvji iRx, ^vwgRx ev GKvji
jwbb- gvI BZKvi bZv-wkK hgb AKbxq Zgb ciRxex meRvv Pwii

84

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eywRxex, cwZfvevb, wkK BZKvi ZKgvi c`-c`ex hgb AbycwZ Zgb Agb
ZKgvhy ewnxb mgvR nQ-mgvRZ| AZ:ci, Qv-wkK, i-wkl, bZv I bZvi
Abymvix BZvw` c`-c`ex hviv gvbyl gvbyl QvU-eo, DPz-bxPy, eixZv-elg
cwZcb I Drcb nq Zv wejxb I wejy ne| myZivs, gvbyl gvbyl bxPzZv-DPzZvi RNb
aviYv wegy gvbweK mgvR nQ- KwgDwb mgvR |
(9) Z_-chyw I evwbK DcKiYvw`i cf~Z weKvk I Dbqb mvab mI cuywRZx
mgvRi ciRxexZvi nZzev` c~evci ciRxexZvi KviY m-jvwjZ I cwicvwlZ
AZv-AZ, g~LZv-g~pZv, Kzmsvi BZKvi wZKi Rvjjvi ^weivaxZvi h_v_
mgvavb- mgvRZ ciRxexZvi myhvMnxbZvq DjwLZic ciRxex Rvjjvi
Rbvbvi myhvM bvB| ZvB, mgvRZ mKj gvbyl evwbK wPv-PZbvq mg nZz
mgvRZ nQ evwbK gvbwmKZvi gvbyl`i evwbK mgvR| AZ:ci, evwbK
mgvRi evwbK gvbwmKZvi gvbylMY- cKwZ I gvbyl Ges gvbyli mv_ gvbyli
mKK `Le kv-fveveMgy `w fswM viv Z_v Lvjv PvL Lvjv fve | ZvB,
me wKQy Lvjv PvL Lvjv-Lvwj `Lvi gvbyliv cZKB gy-^vaxb gvbyl| myZivs,
mgvRZ nQ gy -^vaxb gvbyli mgvR|
(10) ciRxexZv gy mgvR ciRxex`i m ivRbwZK KZZ Z_v ivRbwZK `j I iv
mgZ iv ivq m AvB.Gg.Gd mn bvbvb ewkK cwZvb Ges ivRbwZK KZZ envjejeZ kc-cwZcK `gb-cxob ciRxex`i DvweZ mbv-cywjk mn hveZxq
`jb-cxobKvix msv-msMVb AbvekK I AcqvRbxq | ZvB iv mn BZKvi hveZxq
ivRbwZK msv-msMVb wenxb Z_v ivRbxwZ gy mgvR nQ KwgDwb mvmvBwU|
(11) iv I ivRbxwZnxb ejB mgM cw_ex ivRbwZK mxgvbvgy| ZvB, cvKwZKfve
m cw_ex cKZB RvZ-RvwZi f`vf`nxb A_vr mKj gvbyli GKwUgv cw_ex wnmve
mve I ^xKZ ne| dj-cw_exUvB h_v_fve `ywbqvi mKj gvbyli mgvbycvwZK
fvM-eenvii Dchy I AevwiZ vb wnmve weewPZ ne mgvRZ|

(12) hnZz mgvRZvwK eevq mgM cw_exi gvwjK `ywbqvi mKj gvbyl ZvB,
bvbvb KviY wecb-SuywKc~Y ev `yMg Aji cwieZ AvbycvwZK nvi wbivc` vb
`ywbqvi mKj gvbyl emevm Kie|
(13) mgvRZ hnZz ciRxex bvB, mnZz ciRxexZvi Rb m bvbvb `i BZvw`
AcqvRbxq| dj- mgvRZvwK eevi c_g avc ev cv_wgK chvq BZv:c~e
ciRxexZvi wbwg eeZ mKj feb BZvw`K emwZ wnmve weePbv Kiv hve|
Ze,Zzjbvg~jK wbivc` vb wPwZ nj mKj gvbyli mwwjZ cqvk mKj gvbyli Rb
cqvRbxq emwZ wewbgvY Lye mgqmvc bq| Dci eZgvb Avgji gZv bq, eis e
gvbyli GK I ^v mZfve emevmi myweav wbwwZi welq weePbvq Z`vchvwM
eZj feb BZvw` wbgvYi AZvaywbK Kjv-Kkj I chyw mnRB Kivq nemgvRZ|
(14) hZy mgvRZ mgvRi GKK nQ ew, mBnZz cwievi wegy Ze mvweK
mnhvwMZvi bxwZZ cwiPvwjZ mvgZ ewkK eev Z_v mgvR weavq mgvRZ- Rxeb
aviYi cqvRbxq Lv` BZvw` cZ I weZiY cwZI hgb mvgvwRK ic jvf Kie,
Zgb Lv` DcKiYvw`i Dbqb I DbwZ mvab mn Kejgv myv^ i wbwg cvbvnvi bxwZ

85

KvhKiY GmKj DcKiYvw`i wbZ-bZzb mshvRb I icvi Ges cwieZb ne Ges

h_vixwZ cwiZb ne Lv`vfvmi|ZvcvbyKzj cvlvK-cwiQ`, hvMvhvM I

MwZ mgZ cwienbi AfvweZ DbwZ I cwiZb ne mgvRZ| djivM-evwa hgb gB nvmcv ne Zgb cwienb RwbZ `yNUbv gB wbMvgx
nZ nZ k~b chvqi wbKUeZx nIqv A^vfvweK bq|
(15) cuywRZx mgvR wevb I evwbK DcKiYi cwicvlY I weqKi
DbqbKvix nqI wevbK KejB cuywRi ^v_ eenvi Kivi gvag wevbx I
wevbK cuywRi ksLj e`x Ki hgb wevbi weKvk cwZeKZv mw KiQ
Zgb evwbKZvi AMMwZZ fqvbK euvav I cwZiva mw Kivi ^weivaxZvi
cwiYvg- mgvRZ, ew^v_i ksLj gy wevb ^xq mgZv eenvi AevwiZ
myhvM cq AKbxq MwZZ GwMq hve|
AZ:ci, evwbK mgvRi mKj evwbK A_vr mKj gvbyli mwwjZ I
mvgMxK j ne KejB gvbyli Rxeb-hvvK DbZZi nZ DbZZi Kiv |
mRb gZzK VwKq wbR `n mn cKwZ weRq m`vwbiZ gvbyli `bw`b
Rxeb-hvcb welq kg kw wbqvM KiZ ne LyeB ^ cwigvY| Ze cZKB
Zvi wbR wbR mva gZv kg Kie Avi mgvR _K wbe hvi hvi cqvRb
Abyhvqx| myZivs, Rxeb aviYi DcKiYi Afve AwPbxq Z_v `vwi`nxb,
cvPzhgq, `ywv gy I Abvwej kvwi Ab`c~Y Rxebi mgvRZ - cKwZ Rqx|
(16) cuywRZx mgvR mvgvwRK kg cY Drcb njI Ges cZKB mgvRi
Dci wbfikxj nIqv mI evnZ Kvbv ewB wbR wbR cuywR ev cYi wfw
Qvov cZfve mgvRi Dci mivmwi wbfi Ki euvPvi myhvMnxbZvq
ewK`xKZvB cuywRcwZ kYxi ewk| AZ:ci, ewK`xKZv I mvgvwRKZvi
weiva-eixZv I ^weivaxZvi Dchy I GKgv mgvavb mgvRZ - cZKB
mgvRi hgb cZ Askx`vi Zgb cZK Rxeb-hvcb I Dbqbi Rb
mivmwi wbfi Ki mgvRi Dci| ZvB mgvRZ - cuywRZx mgvRi gZv
AwffveK ev DivwaKvii Dci cvivwiK wbfiZv I AaxbZvi hgb cqvRb
bvB Zgb myhvMI bvB| dj- cuywRZx eevi gZv Kvbv ewi wbRi
fwelZ myweavw`i Rb mvb Rb`vb I mvbi fwelZ wbivcv weavb KvhZ
ewi ewMZ D`vM mgZ ZwlqK `vq-`vwqZ mgvRZ AcqvRbxq | eis,
Rbvew` cwZwU wki jvjb-cvjb I weKvki Rb cqvRbxq DcKiYvw`
hvMvbvmn gy I ^vaxb gvbyl wnmve eo DVvi Rb cZK wki myhvMi
mgZv mw Kie mgvR| KvRB cPwjZ wkv eevi wecixZ mgvRZ
GWyKqvi Z_v AwfZv ev Z_ wewbgqi eevI ne GKB gvbi I GKB
cwZi| ^v, cwiek, cwZek, mgvR I mvgvwRK mKvw` Ges mgvRi
m`m wnmve wbR wbR `vq-`vwqZ I KiYxq BZKvi welqvw` cv_wgKfve
AewnZKiYv_ ev Z`v_ cqvRbxq Z_-Dcv AewnZKiYB ne GWyKkb
eev Z_v Z_ wewbgq eevi g~j bxwZ| dj- Rxeb aviYi DcKiY mn

86

mgvR-cKwZ welq AewnZ nIqvi myhvMi mgZvi RbB cZK wkB GKB gvb
I GKB aiYi mvgvwRK-gvbweK eva mn eo DVe| myZivs, mgvRZ nQ
GKB gvb I eva mb gvbyli gvbweK mgvR|
(17) AZxZi avivevwnKZvq cuywRZx`iI gZv mvb Drcv`bi Rb bvix `n
mvM bq A_ev my^v bq ev my^vi RbI bq ev KejB Avw`g DbZvq
Z_vKw_Z webv`b-d~wZ jyUvi Rb bq, eis mgvRZ cvivwiK fvjvevmv,
fvjv jvMvi ^Qv-mwZi wfwZ my^vi Rb gvbyli mv_ gvbyli wgjb
ne | ZvQvov, Kvwbs, vg mj, wRbMvwd ev AvwUwdwmqvj jvBd wbgvY BZKvi
evwbK wqv-Kg nvRviv euvav-wecw mwi eyRvqv hyMi mxgveZv `~ixKiY
cwZvwcZ mvgZx mgvR GB mKj welq Z_v cvY I cvYx welqK welqvw`Z wK
cwigvY Dbqb-DbwZ mvab Kie Zv Kej Abygq| KvRB, bZzb gvbyl mwi
AvwKvji eevB h meKvjB AUzU I AcwiewZZ _vKe ZvIZv nZ cvi
bv| dj- mvgZ mvb Rb`vbi KviLvbv Ges cili mvMi mgMx ev
igbi mw ev `vmZi eevwnK ckv I MnKgi gRyi nIqvi `vq-`vwqZ nZ
gy ne bvix; Ges Amf-eei cyilvjx evai RNbZv I jv nZ invB cve
cyilI| ZvB, mgvRZ - envqv, eqvov evZ cyil hgb bvB, Zgb jvRyK
jZvi jveZx bvixI bvB| AZ:ci, mgvRZvwK mgvR- Rvi K`xK
weiva-eixZv I elg _vKvi myhvM bvB ej Rvi wfwK cwiwPwZ bq eis
mKjB gvbyl Ges ^vaxb I gy gvbyl| myZivs, cZKi `n I wPvi gy I
^vaxb eenvii mgvR nQ- mgvRZ|
(18) cuywRcwZ kYx `ywbqv `Lj Ki GKw`K `ywbqvi cuywRcwZ`i h_
gvwjKvbvq cuywRcwZ`i mgvRZ Z_v wek evwYR msv mn Kw_Z wekvqbi
bvbvb cwZvb cwZv Ki `ywbqvi mKj RvwZK AZxZi h Kvb mgqi Pq
Aviv ekxgvvq Av:wbfiZvi wbweo I MfxiZg mK mwKZ Ki Av
RvwZK eevi `kgvb Aev I KZZ wbwZ Kivi Pv KiQ; Abw`K kwgK
kYxi RvwZMZ Pwi-cwiPq gyQ w`q KejB kg kw weZv wnmve KejB
gRywi `vm- kwgK wnmve mgM `ywbqvi kwgKi GKBic ^v_i AvIZvq mKj
kwgKK wbcwZZ Ki kwgK kYxKI ^xq kYx ^v_i Dchy eva Z_v Av
RvwZKZvevai wfw c`vb KiQ- eyRvqv kYxB |
A_P, cYi wew I cuywRi mjbi cwZhvwMZv I cwZwZvq AbyKzj myhvM
nvwmj Ges kwgK kYxK Zvi kYx Pwi fyjvZ I kYx ^v_ welq weg I
wevw Qovbvi `yiwfmwZ kwgK kYxi Rb wZKi fyqv `kcg, Kwg
RvZxqZvevai A AveM Ges Ame RvZxq gywi KvwbK gvn BZvw` we
vi Rvivjv Kvhg Pvwjq eyRvqv wekvqbi mv_ RvZxq gyw-^vaxbZv
BZKvi welqvw`i eixZv, mvgmnxbZv, mvsNwlKZv I ecixZi fqvbK
RU-RwUjZv I msKU wbcwZZ A:mvi k~b eyRvqv mgvRi ^weivaxZvi
Dchy mgvavb- AvRvwZKZvevai wfwZ MwVZ gy wek | A_vr ivRbxwZ I

87

ivwK evDvixgy, RvZ-ag , eY- wjsM BZvw`i f`-wef` I wefvRb gy GK

wek , hvi gvwjK weki mKj gvbyl |
KvRB gy gvbyli gy wek nQ mgvRZvwK wek| A_vr GK wek, GK RvwZ Z_v
gvbeRvwZ Ges GK mgvR Z_v mgvRZ| AZ:ci, RvwZMZ weiva-eixZvi
AemvbKvix mgvRZvwK eevq RvZ-RvwZi cwiPq bq eis `ywbqvi gvbyl
mKjB cwiwPZ ne KejB gvbyl Ges gvbyl wnmve| myZivs, RvZ-RvwZ wegy
mgvRZ nQ RvwZMZ NYv-wel wegy mgvR|
(19) mgvRZ- evwbK mgvR ejB AevwbKZvi aviYvcyy ev wevbi mv_
mvgmnxb welqvw`i Aemvb wqvkxj| ZvB, gnv weki wgwIq, b, Mn
BZvw`mn awixi wewfb vbi AevwbKZvi hveZxq bvgvKiYi AvekKxq
mskvab I AvaywbKvqb mn Z`v_ evwbK w`b cw cZ I `wnK AsMvw`i
Dchy I h_v_ bvgvKiY Kie mgvRZvwK mgvR|
(20) fvlvi - kYx eixZv-elgi hveZxq k i`-iwnZ Ki mvgZx
mgvRi Dchy k mRb-Dveb, Z`v_ evKiY mgZ fvlvi mijxKiY,
AvaywbKvqb I evwbKvqb Ges eeZwbK cwqvq `ywbqvi mKj gvbyli Rb
evaMg mveRbxb GKwU fvlvi Dveb I weKvk NUve mgvRZvwK mgvR|
(21) mgvRi mKj mvgvwRK wqvw` mvgvwRKfve msNUb, mshyiY, mg^q mvab
I mgw^ZKiYi wbwg mgvRi mKji h_v_ I KvhKi Ask MnY cwiPvwjZ I
cwZwZ - wek mwgwZ mgvRi mKj mvgvwRK KvR myPvi I mycwiKwfve
mv`b ewkK, AvwjK i webvm mn hveZxq Kgi LvZIqvix wefvM-kvLv
BZvw` cwZvi cqvRbxq myhvM mn Z`vbyic mvsMVwbK KvVvgv wi KiemgvRZ| D wek mwgwZi mKj i I mKj kvLvq h Kvbv ew cZvnvi
hvMZvi kZ wbevwPZ nIqvi hvM | KvRB, mKj gvbyli mKj welq KvhKi
Askx`vixZi ewkK eev nQ-KwgDwbRg| myZivs,elg-eixZv gy kYxnxb
mvgZx mgvR nQ cvPzh, mgmyhvM, wbwwZ, n-cg, fvjvevmv, eyZ,
Ges Abvwej kvw I GK AL gvbe RvwZi mgvR|
AZ:ci, ei icviY- cwieZbi cvKwZK wbqgi gZvB mgvR cwieZbi
HwZnvwmK wbqg Z_v mvgvwRK mKi mwnZ Drcv`b kwi weiva cyibv
mgvRi asm I Drcv`b kwi DchvMx bZzb mgvR Acwinvh I Awbevh ; GB
m~- cY Drcv`b kwi cyb:cyb we`vn cyb:cyb msKU wbgwZ -cb:cywbK
g`vq Avv -wech I wbivgq AhvM gZer cuywRZx mgvRi asm -webvk I
wejyw hgb Awbevh Zgb mvgZx mgvR nQ gvbeRvwZi fweZe| myZivs,
cuywRi cwiYwZ nQ-mgvRZ Z_v mvgZ|

mgv
88

Science Science and Science for Freedom

gywi Rb wevb wevb Ges wevb

Bbdigkb mUvi di IqvKvm wdWg

kwgKi gywi Rb Z_ K`
(vwcZ- 23 Avei,2009)
mgvRZ nQ wevb, jwbbev` nQ mgvRZi Kivc&kb|
myZivs, gvKm-GvsMjmi wbKU wdiv|

Basic Concept & Rules

gwjK aviYv I wbqgvejx
cvebv

miRMZ (cw_exmn) MwVZ nqQ ZviKvgjvMZ a~wjKbv I Mvmi GK wekvj I N~Yvqgvb gN

nZ hvK cwiKxY evxq c`v_ ev bxnvwiKv ejv nq| m~h MVbi DcRvZ- wbcvY c`v_ nZ
cw_exi cvwb I Rxebi De nqQ| mwi GKUv wbqg AvQ Ges mB wbqgwU nPQ wevb;
cwZwU cwieZb I wqvi KvhKviY GKUv wbqg AvQ, KvRB cKwZ, Rxebi wbqgi gZvB
mgvRiI wbqg nQ wevb| wK kvlKiv aygv mc`, cywR I gZv ARbi nvwZqvi wnmve
wevbK eenvi KiQ| Zviv wevb I wevbi wbqgK Zvqvv Ki bv Dci Zviv Zv`i
msKxY ^v_ nvwmji Amr Dk I `yiwfmwZ AevwbK mgvR-ivRbxwZK gZev`jv
eenvi Ki AvmQ| GgbwK, AevwbK gZv`k Ges ewgvwjKvbvi gvag kwgKkYxK kvlY I
wbqY Zviv AvRv mvdj jvf KiQ, hw`I kwgKiv mKj g~j mw Ki ejB ZvivB mKj
mcwIi gvwjK| A_P ewgvwjKvbv A_vr cuywRZx mgvR hv kwgKkYxi mKj mvgvwRK `y`kv I
gvbwmK Aghv`vi KviY mB ^weivax I wPiKvjxb AwbqZvi mgvRi ewgvwjKvbvi nZzev`B
kg kw wew Kiv eZxZ kwgKkYxi Kvb mw bvB|
cuywRcwZkYx KZK wevb ksLwjZ, kwgKkYx gRywi `vm| wK evwbK DcKiYvw`i Dbqb Z_v
Avwevi, mw Ges Drcv`bi bZzb bZzb Dcvq Drcb Kiv cywRZi GKwU Pjgvb cwqv|
myZivs wevb I cuywRZi gZvB cywRcwZ kYx I kwgK kYxi ga eixZvg~jK mcK we`gvb|
cywRZi Pq AwaKZi gZvevb nQ wevb Ges kwgKkYxnxb cywRcwZ b| A_P, cywRcwZ
kYx QvovB Drcv`b mbKiY I wbR`iK Azb ivLZ kwgKkYx h_ gvvq mg|
AZ:ci, Dbqb I gywi Rb wevb I kwgK kYx wgvwPZ kw| Ges mgvRi Rb cyuwRcwZ
AcqvRbxq I wZKi Dcv`vb| myZivs, cuywRZ-Dbqb, wevb Ges kwgK kYxi k |
ewMZ mw wejvc A_vr D-g~j AvZmvZi myhvM cwiZvM I evwZj Kivi Rb kwgK
kYx Ges wevbi HK GKv Acwinvh| D-g~j Drcb Ki kwgKkYx A_P Zv AvZmvr Ki
cuywRcwZkYx, KvRB cuywR nQ Drcvw`Z cYi AcwikvwaZ Ask ev A`q gRywi| AZ:ci,
cuywRcwZ nPQ kvlK, cZviK, `ybxwZevR Ges mevcwi AevwbK| myZivs, cuywRZx mgvR nPQ
AevwbK, Abvh, Aciva mv, Aciva wbfi, Aciva iK, RNb, fqsKi I AwbwZ, hy
ceb Ges kg, mw, AMMwZ, AvaywbKZv, mgZv, kvw, gyw Ges wevb I evwbK mgvRi
weivax| AZ:ci, wevb, mgvR, kwgK kYx Ges gvbyliI gyw wbwwZZ cywRZi webvk
AvekKxq| myZivs, ewMZ mwi DQ`i gvag A_vr cuywR cywf~Z Kivi cwqvK asm
Ges kYx I iv Ges iv iK ev iv mwKZ ev iv ivq wbqvwRZ msMVb I
cwZvbjvK wejy Ki Amf, AevwbK, Ges AgvbweK cywRZK wejxb Kiv Riix|
Abyic wejywKiY HwZnvwmK I evwbKfve hywhy, h_v_ I bvqmsMZ, KviY-

89

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mvj gnv wek nQ: WvK GbvwR-72%, WvK gvUvi-23%, ijvi gvUvi-4.6% Ges wbDwUqbm
1% Gi bxP| cwZwU MvjvwZ 10wgwjqb nZ 1 wUwjqb vi AvQ Ges `kgvb gnv wek 100
wewjqbiI ekx Mvjvx AvQ| ekxi fvM Zvivi eqm 1 wewjqb _K 10 wewjqb eQi Ges
miRMZi cwZekx cwiwPZ mKj Zvivi 6% mv`v y`vKwZi hv Kvjv y`vKwZZ cwiYZ nq
LyeB Vvv nIqvq A_c~Y Zvc I Avjv wbMZ KiZ cviQ bv| Ges 4.57 wewjqb eQi eqmx Zviv
A_vr m~h hv c_xwei cvq mKj kwi Drm mwUiI 5.33 wewjqb eQi ci AwZ _vKe bv;
(2) GUg AvQ FYvZK kwi BjwbKm I abvZK kwi cvUbm Ges BjwK wbDUbm| mRb
mLvb BjvgvMwbwURg we`gvb ejB GUgi AfvixY mK nQ ecixZi HK A_vr
vwK| m KviYB cwZwU e MwZkxj, cwieZbkxj Ges icvikxj;
(3) cuywRZx mgvRi eixZvg~jK mcK vwK wbqgi Aaxb; Ges
(4) ivRbxwZ I ivRbwZK KZZ, kYx Ges ivi BwZnvm nPQ gv cvq 5500 eQii wK
gvbyli BwZnvm nQ cvq 200,000 eQii, KvRB ivRbxwZ, kYx Ges iv GK mgq wQj bv;
GLb iv gZer Ges cuywRZi mv_ mgvwacvo DcbxZ| AZGe, iv Ges cywRZ DfqB Dbqb
I mgvRi Rvj I evSv, Ges gyw I ^vaxbZvi cwZeK|
Kejgv ivnxb-kYxnxb mgvR nPQ evwbK mgvR| evwbK mgvR mKj cKvi AevwbK
gZev`, `wfswM Ges wPv wZivnxZ ne, GgbwK cywRZx aviYv A_vr fyqvwg, evbvqvwU,
fvwg, cZviYv, cebv, wg_v BZKvi welqvw` AwZZi Ask cwiYZ ne Ges AvMvi I
mvgwiK A-k VuvB wbe HwZnvwmK hv`yNi, AZGe, HwU nQ cvPzh mgZ wPii kvwi kvw
c~Y mgvR hvi gwjK bxwZgvjv nQ cKw ZK Rq KiZ cZKi mevPP mvg_ I gZv
eenvi cZKi mwnZ cZKi mnhvwMZv|myZivs wevbi mnhvwMZvq kwgK kYx Ges
h_v_fve gvbe mgvRI gyw I ^vaxbZv ARb Kie Ges ne cKwZi cfy | Abyic evwbK
mgvR cwZvq wevb I kwgK kYxi HK I msnwZ GKv AvekK| AZGe, wevb I kwgKkYxi
HK I msnwZ cwZvq GKwU wek Z_ msMVb AZxe iZc~Y I Acwinvh|
GB j 23 Avei, 2009 ZvwiL Information Centre for Workers Freedom cwZwZ
nqQ| eZc Bnv 1981 mvj RMZcyi cwZwZ MY Dbqb cvVvMvii icvi|
AZGe ICWF Gi gUv nQ wevb Rvbv, wevb Abykxjb Kiv Ges wevb I evwbK
mgvRi Rb KvR Kiv|
myZivs, ICWF Gi g~j kvMvb nPQ-gywi Rb wevb, wevb Ges wevb|
1.Dk I j:
GKwU evwbK mgvR cwZvq mnhvwMZv I mnvqZv Kiv|
2.NvlYv Ges ccvwZZ :
(K) Kvj gvKm I dWvwiK GvsMjm KZK DNvwUZ-m~vwqZ I evLvZ mgvRZi wevb|
(L) jwbbev` nQ mgvRZvwK wevbi AcevLv, weP~wZ, weKwZ I `~lY|
(M) cxwoZ eyRvqv`i ^v_ msiY I mg_b Ges Z_vKw_Z RvZxq eyRvqv`i gyw mvab GK
`k Z_vKw_Z MYZvwK I fyqv mgvRZvwK wece mcb Kiv hvi wfw nPQ wZxq Av
RvwZKi AvZ wbqY AwaKvii fyqv-evbvqvUx m~ Zv KvhKiY wbqvwRZ wQj jwbbi cvwU|
hw`P, KwgDwb Bvnvi AbyhvqxKwgDwb`i weiy AviI AwfhvM h, Zviv RvZxqZv I `kwj Zzj w`Z Pvq| gnbwZ
gvbyl`i Kvb `k bB| Zv`i hv bB Zv Avgiv Zv`i KvQ _K Ko wbZ cvwi bv|
cjZvwiqZK hnZz mevM ivRbwZK AvwacZ ARb KiZ ne, `ki cwiPvjK kYxi c`
DbxZ nZ ne, wbRKB RvwZ nq DVZ ne, ZvB mw`K _K ejZ Mj cjZvwiqZ
wbRB RvZxq, hw`I K_vUvi eyRvqv A_ bq| Ges GB A_ KwgDwb`i ZK GK K_vq
cKvk Kiv Pj: ewMZ gvwjKvbvi DPQ`| Ges eyRvqv kYxi weiy cjZvwiqZi

90

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wK jwbb I jwbbev`xiv RvZxq ey&Rvqv`i c Ges m KviYB Zviv RvZxqZvev`, `kcg
Ges P~ovfve ivwq cywRZi c| hw`I kwgKkYxi AvRvwZKZvi mwnZ eix mKvaxb
RvZxqZvev` nQ GKwU gwK eyRvqv aviYv, ewMZ mwi cg nQ `kcg hv kvlK`i
Amr DkRvZ ivRbwZK ^v_ GK evbvqvwU Kwg AveM Ges wb:m`n ivwq cywRZ nQ
cywRZB|
jwbbev`x cvwU I jwbbxq ivi NvlYvgZ jW jwbb Ges jwbbxq jWiv KK_vi exi`i
gZv gavex I cwZfvevb, gnvb wkK, gnvb bZv, gnvb gyw`vZv, RvwZi iK, Ges
wPixZ| jwbb I jwbbxq wKsiv wKQyUvgvvq wgkii dvivI WvBbxi mgvUi Abymvix Ges
jwbbi MYZvwK K`xKZvi ZvwK aviYvi `vkbMZ wfw nQ eyK Ae wcivwgW| Ges wKs
dvivI I wKs ivgjvmi gZvB jwbb I Abvb jwbbev`xiv Zv`i wbR^ cvmvbvj Kv mw
I cwicvlY KiQ| jwbbev`x I jwbbi ivRZ nQ D-g~j AvZmvZ Drcv`bx DcKiYi
GKPwUqvKiYi cuywRZx iv|
D-g~j AvZmvrKiY ivwq cuywRZi GKwU iv-h ivwU cvmvbvj Kv msiK mbv kw
Z_v cywjk, wekl cywjk I mbvevwnbxi AvwacZ Ges ivRbwZK GwjU mgZ jwbb ev
jwbbev`x jW KZK wbqwZ mB iv nQ mgvRZ: Z_vKw_Z mgvRZi Ggb evbvqvwU m~
^qs jwbb m~vwqZ KiQb| GgbwK, Ggb GKwU mgvRZvwK iv wewbwgZ I wUK _vKe hw`
Zv cwZekx cywRZx iv viv Avv bv nq ev we`kx mvnvh I cywR cvq Ges DPZi eZb I
Nyli wewbgq mveK Avgjv`i mnhvwMZvq | myZivs Kvj gvKm I kgRxex gvbyli AvRvwZK
mwgwZi gZvbyhvqx jwbb Ges jwbbev`x UUx, vwjb, gvI, nv-wPwgb, nvv, Pmv, wUUv,
wKg, zPf, MevPf Ges Abvb jwbbev`x-gvIev`x ivxK wbevnx I cvwU jWiv nPQ Acivax
P; Ges Zuv`i Aybmvix A_P myweavfvMx bq Ggbiv nQ eKzd |
(N) jwbb, UUw, vwjb, gvI Ges Abvb mKj jwbbev`x-gvIev`x Kvcvbxjv nPQ gZz
khvq kvwqZ I Keicvo DcbxZ cyibv eyRvqv mgvRi ez Ges iK |
(O) mgvRZ ivRbxwZi ck welq bq, wK Bnv GKUv mvgvwRK cmsM| myZivs mgvRZx nPQ
mgvR Kgx|
(P) mvgZi wfw nQ cuywRZ | ZvB cuywRZi wejywZ cwZwZ mvgZ nQ GKwU bZzb
mgvR| hLvb ewgvwjKvbv bvB, ePv-Kbv bvB, D-g~j bvB, cuywR bvB, kvlY bvB, KvRB
kYx bvB; AZ:ci, kYx ^v_i Rb Kvbv iv bvB| myZivs, mgvRZ nPQ ivnxb-kYxnxb
mgvR|
(Q) mgvRZi cv_wgK KvR nPQ ewMZ mcw mgZ mKj cKvi DivwaKvi wejvc Ges
m`i mvgvwRKxKiYi gvag h Kviv D-g~j AvZmvZi myhvM wejyw Ges mvaviY mcw
ne cwiKwZ I h_vwPZ Drcv`b I eUb mgZ weki wbivc` Aj RbemwZi cybwebvmi
gvag cZKi my^v I evwbK Rxeb eevi wbwg evmvb, Lv`, cwiaq Ges Abvb
gwjK DcKiYvw` I cqvRbxq mvgMxi wenxZvw` Ges gvbe `n MVb msv wevb viv mgw_Z
bq A_P ciRxexZvi nxb ^v_ `wnK AvKwZ-cKwZi ZviZg cKvkK AsM weklK g~j Drcb
mgZ KggZvi ZviZg wbaviK MY KejB AsM wekli nZzev` AwaKZi KggZvevb I
Kg KggZvevb ewZ fvM-wefvRbi gvag gvbyl gvbyl elg-eixZv mw Ki Kejgv
AsM wekli cwiPq cwiwPZKiYi Rvii NY I eei aviYvi wejvc Ges evwbK
g~jvqb I evwbK eeZwbK cwqvq GKwU mnR I GKK fvlv Dveb Ges KK_v I AevwbK
k ev `vm-cfy mK evaK ev Z`v_i kivwR A_ev AvwacZ, AaxbZv I gvbylK wefvwRZ
Kivi Rb eeZ k webvk,wejvc I cwiZvM Ges ewekl kbviY A_vr ei h_vh_, Dchy
I h_vwPZ eYbv I Kvhvejx Z_v msv A_ev cKZ I wbfyj MwZ A_ev mywbw` AwZ ev hKvb
NUbv I msLvi h_vwPZ kivwR Dveb I DNvUb Ges elg I eixZvgy gvbweK mKi

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Dchy I h_v_ bZzb kivwR cwiMnY Kivi Rb evKiYi cwieZb I nvjbvMvw`KiY Ges
cvmvbvj Kv ev AevwbK NUbvi cwZwbwaZKvix vbmg~ni cyb:bvgvKiY Ges Mvjvw ev
wgwIq Ges Mni gZvB K K_vi bvghy gvm I w`bi bvg wejvc mvabi gvag elcywi
msvi mvab Kiv nQ mgvRZi Avky j|
(R) mgvRZ iv bq,eis ivxq mxgvbvnxb ewkK mgvR; hv cwiPvwjZ ne GKwU wek
RbmwgwZ viv|
(S) mgvRZ A_vr kwgKi gyw, vbxq ev RvZxq Kvb welq bq, eis GwU GKwU mvgvwRK mgmv|
G mgmv mgvavb wbfi KiZ ne AvaywbK mgvRi AMMvgx `kjvi ZvwK I cvqvwMK
HKgZi Dci|
(T) Kvb RvZxq msMVb wKsev Kvb ivRbwZK `j bq eis kYxnxb mgvRi Rb kwgKkYxi
GKwU wek mwgwZ AvekK hv mgvRZi gwjK nvwZqvi, AM`~Z I mvsMVwbK kZ|
(U) Gd.wW. ivRf, WweD.PvwPj Ges R. vwjb KZK m wekevsK-AvB.Gg.Gd nPQ wek
cf,y iK, msiK Ges cuwy Rev`i gZv iviI kvmK| myZivs, ewgvwjKvbvi cxq mKj
cwZvb I msMVb Ges m`m ivjv mgZ wekevsK-AvB.Gg.Gdi asm, webvk, eRb I
wejvcmvab Kiv mgvRZi Rb Acwinvh|
(V) cywR h_ Drcb myZivs cywR Kejgv ewMZ bq mvgvwRK wK cuywR I gRywi kgi eixZvi
wfwZ cwZwZ cuywRev` cywRi gvwjKvbv nPQ ewMZ | myZivs cuywRev`x mK nQ
elgg~jK, mvsNwlK I eixZvg~jK| Dci, cywRev`x Drcv`bi GKgv j nQ cuywRi
cywf~eb| AZGe, Awbevhfve AwZwi ev ekx Drcv`b cywRev`i cKwZ Ges GwU nQ
cuywRev`x mKi wei Drcv`b DcKiYi we`vn hvK ejv nq cuywRev`i msKU| msKU kwgK
kYxK gvivZKfve wech Ki Ges AwZ `yZ AbK cywRcwZK kYxPzZ Ki| cuywRev`x
msKUi cybivew Awbevh Ges GwU cywRev`x mgvRi wbivgq AhvM RbMZ evax ejB
cywRev`i msKU mgvavb Ame| myZivs eyRvqv mgvR Drcb Ki AwaK nZ AwaKZi asmvZK
kw hgb cuywRev`i bZzb bZzb Drcv`b DcKiY Ges kwgKkYx| myZivs, wgvwPZ Dfq kwi
mvaviY ^v_ nQ cuywRcwZkYxK KeiKiY wPiZii Rb DrQ` Kiv| AZ:ci, mvdji
mwnZ cywRev`i msKU DiY evwbK DcKiY I h_ Drcv`bi Rb gvbvbmB I h_v_ GKwU
bZzb mgvR hv evwbK A_vr kYxnxb mgvRi wfwi Rb we`vnx Drcv`b DcKiYi mwnZ
Dchy, h_v_ I avivevwnK wqv-cwZwqv kwgKkYx AevwbK cuywRev`x mgvR wejy I wejxb
Kie Ges m KviYB cyibv cuywRev`x mgvR wUKe bv|
(W) mgvRZi gvag cuywRev`i jvwfwlwKiY AekB kwgKkYxK weRq ARb KiZ ne ;
Ges kwgK kYxi gywi KvR kwgK kYxi wbRiB ; Ges
(X) kwgK`i gywi gwjK cqvRb I gj kZ nQ weki kwgK kYxi HK-msnwZ Ges
cYvjxe HK|
mzZivs, kYxnxb mgvR cwZvq kwgKkYxi wek mwgwZ MVb D`vM wbZ I mnhvwMZv KiZ
Information Centre for Workers Freedom cvmswMK Z_ Abymvb, msMn, msiY,
weZiY Ges mgM `ywbqvq Av`vb-c`vb Kie|
3| mvsMVwbK bxwZgvjv
(K) Kejgv mvgZ I mvgZx mcK;
(L) mKj m`m mgvb;
(M) cZK m`miB AwaKvi AvQ Rvbv, KvR Kiv,cZvnvi mvc h Kvb c` wbevPb Ges
fvU c`vb Kivi Ges wbR^ mvsMVwbK i h Kvb wmv MnYi cwqvq gygb I
LvjvLywjfve gZvgZ c`vb Ges c`ZvMi AwaKvi mn GKwU ev wewfb BDwbU GKvwaK c`
aviY KD evwiZ nBeb bv;

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(N) cvK mf ICWF Gi m`m bb Ges cvK mf dvivg mvsMVwbK Ask bq Ges Kvb cvK mf
ICWF- Gi Kvb c` wbevwPZ I fvU c`vb hvM bb| wK Zviv Zuv`i wbR^ dvivg h
Kvb c` fvU c`vb Ges wbevwPZ nIqvi hvM|
4| m`mc`i kZvejx:
(K) Dk I j Z_v mKkb 1 I 2 Gi cwZ ^xKwZ ;
(L) ICWF Gi Rb KvR I mevg mvwfm c`vb Kiv ;
(M) wbqwgZ Puv`v c`vb Ges Znwej I mvgMx msMn Kiv ;
(N) ICWF-Gi wbqgvejx Ges ICWF I Zuv`i wbR^ KwgwUi wmvejx AbymiY I gvb Kiv|
5| cvK mfc`i kZvejx:
(K) wevb, weklZ mgvRZi wevb RvbZ AvMnx;
(L) kvlY nZ A_bwZK gywi AvKvsLv;
(M) gyw I ^vaxbZvi Rb eyfy I AvKlY;
(N) ICWF Gi Rb KvR I mevg mvwfm c`vb Kiv ;
(O) wbqwgZ Puv`v c`vb Ges Znwej I mvgMx msMn Kiv ; Ges
(P) ICWF-Gi wbqgvewj Ges ICWF I Zuv`i wbR^ KwgwUi wmvejx AbymiY I gvb Kiv|
6| mvsMVwbK KvVvgv
KvDwj, KwgwU Ges wewfb cKvii BDwbU:
(1)KvDwj mKj cKvi wicvU mwZ ev AmwZ c`vb Kie, mKj ii KwgwU wbevPb Kie
Ges K`xq KvDwj nQ mevPP AsM Ges BDwbU KwgwU nQ mewbg AsM| AvekKZv `Lv
w`j gwjK aviYv I wbqgvejxi mwnZ mvgmc~Y mskvabx KvDwj MnY Kie| Ze m
KvDwj DcwZ cwZwbwaMYi 80% nuv m~PK gZvgZ mvc
(2) cZK eQi wbqwgZ KvDwj AbywZ ne, wK h Kvb KviY mswk AMvbi wmv gZv
wbw` ZvwiLi AvM-ci Zv Abyvb Kiv hve|
7|KwgwU KvVvgv:
(K) BDwbU:
(1) KvDwj-mewbg 3 Ges mevPP 30 m`m mg^q MwVZ ne;
(2) KwgwU- 1 Rb mg^qK, 1 Rb mn mg^qK Ges mewbg 1 Ges mevPP 7 Rb m`m mg^q
MwVZ ne|
(L) K`xq:
(1) KvDwj- K`xq KvDwj KZK wmvKZ cwZwbwai msLv ev wnmvgZv mKj wbg chvqi
AsM nZ wbevwPZ cwZwbwa, Ze K`xq KwgwUi mKj m`m Ges mKj KwgwUi mg^qK ev
mg^qKi cwZwbwaMY c`vwaKviej K`xq KvDwji cwZwbwaZi hvM weavq Zuv`i mg^q
MwVZ ne |
(2) KwgwU-1 Rb mg^qK, 1-5 Rb mn mg^qK Ges mewbg 7 Ges mevPP 25 Rb m`m mg^q
MwVZ ne| Ze cqvRb nj mn-mg^qK ev m`m msLv evovZ ev cwieZb KiZ cvie
KvDwj| ZvQvov KwgwU wekl wbR wbR Kv-A KiZ cvie|
we.`:
(1)mg^qK/mn mg^qK Ges cZK KwgwU m`m ev wewfb KwgwUi gZv I Kvhvejx welq
wbqgvejx, weavbvejx I Dcwewamg~n cieZxZ Aviv myweZ ne|
(2) Kw`q KwgwU Ges Kw`q KvDwj ICWF Gi wewfb cv I i wbaviY Kie Ges wewfb
KviY KvDwji Abygv`b mvc mKj KwgwU Dcwewa I wbqgvejx cvk KiZ cvie|

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(3) m`m c` c`vb ev bv c`vb ev cyb:c`vb Kivi myhvM I AwaKvi AvQ cZK KwgwUi| bZzb
mfc` c`vb ev mveK ev AcmvwiZ m`mi m`mc` cyb:c`vb mswk KwgwU KZK KvhKZ
ne|
(4)mswk wbqgvejx ev Dcwewa mg~n P~ov Kivi c~e (K) KwgwU m`m`i KiYxq Kg I `vwqZ mg~n mswkU KwgwUi wmv gZ ewUZ ne|
(L) KvR bv Kiv, wbwqZv Ges ICWF Gi wei KvR Kiv ev mKkb 1 I 2 A^xKvi Kiv ev
Amr Dk I `yiwfmwZ gwjK aviYv I wbqgvejx welq wevw Qovbv ev wbqgvbyhvqx Kvh
mv`b bv Kiv ev BQvKZfve wbqgmg~nK AKvhKi Kiv A_ev ICWF wbR^ KwgwUi wmv
gvb bv Kiv ev wmvi wec hvIqv ev mUvii Znwej ZQic Kij h Kvb m`mi wei
mswk KwgwU KvDwji Abygv`b mvc Dchy wewKiYi ci Awfhyi Revei Dchy
weePbv mvc ewnvi mn h Kvb aiYi hwK I Dchy eev MnY KiZ cvie|
8| wmv:
Ab~b `yB ZZxqvsk nuv m~PK fvU wmv wnmve MY ne| Ze gwjK aviYv I wbqgvejx
mskvabi KvDwj DcwZ cwZwbwaMYi 80% nuv m~PK fvU wmv wnmve MY
ne|
9| mg^q mvab:
K`xq KvDwji wbKU `vqeZv mgZ mgM msMVbi K`xq mgbqmvabKvix AsM nQ
K`xq KwgwU|
10| wejyw:
Dk wmwi ci Information Centre for Workers Freedom wejy nBe|
we.`- Bnv GKwU mc~YZ mvgwqK mvsMVwbK KvVvgv| GKUv hywmsMZ cwZg~jK mgqv ev GwU
Ab~b Aa wgwjqb m`mi kwZ DbxZ nj A_ev GKwU wek cwimii msMVbi wbKUeZx
Aevq DcbxZ nj ZLb K`xq KvDwj P~ov Kie mvsMVwbK wbqgvejx A_vr Information
Centre for Workers Freedom GKwU msweavb cwiMnY Kie|
wekl jYxq:
K| DbZ `kjvi Rb m`m c` I bevqb wd 5 gvwKb Wjvi Ges Abvb`i Rb 2 Wjvi|
cyb:fwZ wd wb|
L| DbZ `kjvi Rb evwlK Puv`v 10 gvwKb Wjvi Ges
Abvb`i Rb 4 gvwKb Wjvi|
M| cvK mf c`i Rb m`mc`i wd I Puv`vi 50%|
N| gvU wd I Puv`vi 50% Kw`q KwgwUi |
O| AvMnx ew KZK m`m c` I cvK mf c` dig c~iY Ki K`xq ev mswk KwgwUi wbKU
wbavwiZ wd I Puv`v mn ciY KiZ ne|
P| K`xq ev mswk KwgwU m`m c` ev cvK mf c` c`vb AcviMZvq ZwbZ eq KZb c~eK
wd diZ w`e|

c_g mskvabx viv mskvwaZ

94

Science - Science & Science for Freedom

Information Centre for Workers Freedom
Post Office-Bazar Jagatpur, Postal Code-3562,
District- Chandpur, Bangladesh.
e-m: [email protected],[email protected], www.icwfreedom.org
(Estb-23Oct,2009)

Membership Form
Date:
I agreed with Basic Concept & Rules of ICWF. I am interested for Membership.
Name:
Date of Birth
Profession:
Address:
Signature
For Committee use only
Welcome

Sorry

M.Code:

Signature of Co-ordinator
Central Committee / ----------------------Committee

Mobl: (880)016-75216486, 107-20858553, 017-17895857.

Science - Science & Science for Freedom

Information Centre for Workers Freedom

M.Card
Name:
Member Code:
Signature of Co-ordinator

Central/-----------------------Committee

95

Science - Science & Science for Freedom

Information Centre for Workers Freedom

Post Office-Bazar Jagatpur, Postal code -3562, District- Chandpur, Bangladesh.
e-m: [email protected], [email protected], www.icwfreedom.org

(Estb-23Oct, 2009)

Pre Member ship Form

Date:

I read Basic Concept and Rules of ICWF. I am interested for Pre Member ship.
Name:
Date of Birth
Profession:
Address:
Signature
For Committee use only
Welcome

Sorry

L. code:

Signature of Co-ordinator
Central Committee / -----------------------------------Committee

Mobl: (880)016-75216486, 107-20858553, 017-17895857.

Science - Science & Science for Freedom

Information Centre for Workers Freedom

P.M.Card
Name:
L. Code:
Signature of Co-ordinator

Central/-----------------------Committee

96