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Transform As I Laplace

1. The document discusses Laplace transforms, which transform functions of time (x(t)) into functions of complex frequency (X(s)). 2. Properties of the Laplace transform are described, including linearity, scaling, time/frequency shifting, and differentiation/integration. 3. Solving systems of differential equations using Laplace transforms is explained, along with examples involving partial fractions. 4. Initial and boundary conditions are important for solving differential equation systems using Laplace transforms.

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Trisuciati Syahwardini
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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46 views17 pages

Transform As I Laplace

1. The document discusses Laplace transforms, which transform functions of time (x(t)) into functions of complex frequency (X(s)). 2. Properties of the Laplace transform are described, including linearity, scaling, time/frequency shifting, and differentiation/integration. 3. Solving systems of differential equations using Laplace transforms is explained, along with examples involving partial fractions. 4. Initial and boundary conditions are important for solving differential equation systems using Laplace transforms.

Uploaded by

Trisuciati Syahwardini
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transformasi Laplace

X(s) = [x(t)]

x(t) =
-1
[X(s)]

j s
ds e s X
j
t x
dt e t x s X
j
j
st
st
+

). (
2
2
) (
). ( ) (
2
Transformasi Laplace
x(t) X(s) ROC
(t) 1 Semua s
u(t) Re(s)>0
t
n
u(t) Re(s)>0
e
-at
u(t) Re(s)+Re(a)>0
u(t) Cos
0
t Re(s)>0
u(t) Sin
0
t Re(s)>0
s
2
2
!
+ n
s
n
a s +
2
2
2
2
+ s
s
2
2
2
2

+ s
Sifat-sifat Transformasi Laplace
Sifat x(t) X(s)
Kelinearan a x(t) + b y(t) a X(s) + b Y(s)
Penskalaan x(at)
Geseran waktu x(t-a) e
-sa
X(s)
Geseran frekuensi e
-at
x(t) X(s+a)
Konvolusi waktu x(t) * y(t) X(s) Y(s)

,
_

a
s
X
a
2
Sifat-sifat Transformasi Laplace
Sifat x(t) X(s)
Konvolusi frekuensi
(modulasi)
x(t) y(t)
Diferensiasi frekuensi (-t)
n
x(t)
Diferensiasi waktu
Untuk TL dua sisi
) ( * ) (
2
2
s Y s X
j
) (s X
ds
d
n
n
) (t x
dt
d
n
n

2
2
) (
) 2 (
2
) (
n
k
k k n n
x s s X s
) (s X s
n
Sifat-sifat Transformasi Laplace
Sifat x(t) X(s)
Integrasi waktu
Teorema nilai awal
Teorema nilai akhir

2
) ( dt t x
s
s X ) (

dt t x ) (


+
2
) (
2 ) (
dt t x
s s
s X
) ( lim
2
t x
t
+

) ( lim s sX
s
) ( lim
2
s sX
s
) ( lim t x
t
Pecahan Parsial X(s)

Derajat P(s) < derajat Q(s)


) (
) (
) (
s Q
s P
s X

Jika X(s) berbentuk pecahan parsial yang pembilang dan


penyebutnya berbentuk polinomial
Pecahan Parsial X(s)

Akar-akar Q(s) berbeda, tidak ada yang sama


n k
s X p s A
p s
A
p s
A
p s
A
s X
p s p s p s
s P
s X
k
p s
k
n
n
n
k
,... 2 , 2
) ( ). ( lim
) (
...
) ( ) (
) (
) )...( )( (
) (
) (
2
2
2
2
2 2

+
+ +
+
+

+ + +


t p
n
t p t p
n
e A e A e A t x

+ + + ... ) (
2 2
2 2
x(t) menjadi :
Pecahan Parsial X(s)
Jika p
i
= p
k
*
, maka penyelesaian dapat diselesaikan secara
khusus yang menghasilkan x(t) merupakan fungsi
Cosinus dan Sinus
Pecahan Parsial X(s)

Q(s) mempunyai akar rangkap


k
k
k
p s
r
k
p s
l r
l r
kl
k
p s
k
n
n
r
r
n
r
s X p s
ds
d
l r
A
s X p s A
p s
A
p s
A
p s
A
p s
A
p s
A
s X
p s p s p s
s P
s X


1
]
1

+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

+ + +

) ( . ) ( lim
)! (
2
) ( ). ( lim
) (
...
) (
) (
...
) ( ) (
) (
) )...( ( ) (
) (
) (
2
2
2
2
2
2
22
2
22
2 2
Sistem LTI dengan penyelesaian Pers
Diferensial koefisien konstan

Sistem mempunyai hubungan


Sistem Sistem
LTI LTI
Sistem Sistem
LTI LTI
x(t)
y(t)
j
j
m
j
j
n
i
i
i
i
m
m
m
m
m
m
n
n
n
n
n
n
dt
x d
b
dt
y d
a
atau
b
dt
dx
b
dt
x d
b
dt
x d
b
a
dt
dy
a
dt
y d
a
dt
y d
a

+ + + +
+ + + +
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
...
...
Sistem LTI dengan Pers Diferensial

Supaya dapat diselesaikan, sistem harus diketahui


1. x(t) untuk t>0
2. y(0
-
),y(0
-
),...,y
(n-1)
(0
-
)
3. x(0
-
),x(0
-
),...,x
(m-1)
(0
-
)
Secara fisis butir 3 sulit dipenuhi, oleh karena itu hanya
dipakai keadaan awal x(0),x(0)... Walaupun ini juga
beresiko menyebabkan hasil tidak tepat 100%.
Transformasi Laplace

Contoh soal
2
2 ) (
2 2
2
2
) (
2
2
2 ) 2 )( 2 (
2
2
2 ) 2 )( 2 (
2
2
2
2 ) 2 )( 2 (
2
2 2 2
) (
) 2 )( 2 )( 2 (
2
) (
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
>
+
+
+
+

+ +
+


+ +
+

+ +
+

+
+
+
+
+

+ + +
+


t
e e e t x
s s s
s X
s s s
s
A
s s s
s
A
s s s
s
A
s
A
s
A
s
A
s X
s s s
s
s X
t t t
Transformasi Laplace

Contoh soal
2
2
2
2
2
) 2 2 (
2 ) 2 ( ) (
) (
) 2 2 (
) ( ) 2 2 (
) (
2 2
) (
) 2 2 (
2
) (
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2 2 2
2

+ +
+ + + +

+ +
+ + + +

+ +
+
+
+ +

A
A
A
s s s
A s A A s A A
s X
s s s
A s A s s s A
s X
s s
A s A
s
A
s X
s s s
s X
Transformasi Laplace
2
) ( ) ( ) (
2 ) 2 (
2
2
2
2 ) 2 (
2
2
2
) (
2 ) 2 (
2
2
2
) (
2 2
2
) (
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2 2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
>

+ +

+ +
+

+ +
+

+ +
+


t
t Sin e t Cos e t x
s s
s
s
s X
s
s
s
s X
s s
s
s
s X
t t
Transformasi Laplace
2
2 ) (
) 2 (
2
2
2
2
2
) (
2
2 2 )! 2 2 (
2
2
2 ) 2 (
2
2 2 )! 2 2 (
2
2
2 ) 2 (
) 2 ( 2 2
) (
) 2 )( 2 (
) (
2 2
2
22
2
22
2
2
2
22 22 2
2
>
+ +
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+

+ +


t
te e e t x
s s s
s X
s s
s
A
s s s s
s
ds
d
A
s s
s
A
s
A
s
A
s
A
s X
s s
s
s X
t t t
Transformasi Laplace
2
2
) 2 (
2 ) 2 (
2 , ) (
2 22 2

>
+ + +


y
y
t e t x
dengan
x x y y y
t
[ ]
[ ] [ ]
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
t t t t t
s
s
e e e e e t y
s s s s s
s Y
s s
s
s s s
s
s Y
s s
s
s s s
s
s Y
s s
s
s Y
s
s s s Y s s
s X s s s Y s s
s X s sX s Y s sY s s Y s
masukan ada belum karena x e x walaupun
s X x s sX s Y y s sY y sy s Y s

+
+
+

+ +

,
_

+
+
+
+

,
_

+
+

+
+

+ +
+
+
+ + +
+

+ +
+
+
+ + +
+

+ +
+ +

+
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +

+ + +
1
]
1


2
2
2
22
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
22
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
22
2
2
22
2
2
2
22
) 2 (
) 2 (
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
.
2
) (
) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 (
) (
) 2 )( 2 ( ) 2 )( 2 )( 2 (
) 2 (
) (
) 1 1 2 ( ) 22 2 )( 2 (
) 2 (
) (
22 2
) (
2
2
2 2 ) ( 22 2
) ( 2 2 ) ( 22 2
) ( 2 ) ( ) ( 22 2 ) ( 2 ) (
2 ) 2 ( , 2 ) 2 (
) ( 2 ) 2 ( ) ( ) ( 22 ) 2 ( ) ( 2 ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) (

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