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Network I Lesson 16

The document discusses Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) which maps IP addresses to MAC addresses. It explains that each device maintains an ARP table locally in RAM to cache MAC addresses. When a source device needs to send data to a destination IP address, it first checks its ARP table. If the MAC address is not found, the source broadcasts an ARP request to the network using a special MAC address. The destination device responds with its MAC address, which the source caches and uses to encapsulate and send the data packet.

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Andy Zan
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17 views

Network I Lesson 16

The document discusses Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) which maps IP addresses to MAC addresses. It explains that each device maintains an ARP table locally in RAM to cache MAC addresses. When a source device needs to send data to a destination IP address, it first checks its ARP table. If the MAC address is not found, the source broadcasts an ARP request to the network using a special MAC address. The destination device responds with its MAC address, which the source caches and uses to encapsulate and send the data packet.

Uploaded by

Andy Zan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network I Lesson 16

Student Objectives: After completing this lesson, students will be able to: explain how MAC & IP addresses act as a check and balance for the OSI model define ARP explain what ARP tables are and how they are used explain ARP requests identify the broadcast address of an ARP request compose an ARP request structure explain what occurs in an ARP request discuss what happens when an ARP reply is sent back to the originating device

Terms: RAM - random access memory - volatile memory that can be read and written by a microprocessor ARP - Address Resolution Protocol - used to map and IP address to a MAC address Frame - logical grouping of information sent on the data link layer - refers to the header & trailer used for synchronization and error control that surrounds user data Lesson Summary: MAC and IP addresses act as a checks and balance on each other - in order for data to pass from the network layer to higher levels the data packet must contain the IP and MAC addresses - if one of these is missing, that data will not be passed to upper layers ARP tables keep a list of MAC & IP addresses on the same LAN - these are kept in a section of RAM that is cached and maintained automatically each device maintains its own ARP table How and why an ARP request is sent: a source device determines the IP address for a destination, then checks its ARP table to locate the appropriate MAC address - if it is found, it binds the IP address with the MAC address and uses it to encapsulate the data if no MAC address is found - the source device initiates and ARP request to discover the destination MAC address s an ARP request packet is built and sent to all devices on the network using a broadcast MAC address - FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF the ARP message is encapsulated in a frame (ARP functions at the lowest layer when the destination device receives the message - it responds with its MAC address when the source device receives the ARP reply, it extracts the MAC address and updates its ARP tables the source uses the information it received, encapsulates the data and sends it over the network the destination device receives the packet, strips off the AMC header and transfers it up to the next highest layer the network layer does the same and the process continues up the OSI model

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