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Circular Waveguide Microwave Engineering Project

This document discusses the analysis of a circular waveguide using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. It includes equations for calculating the lower cutoff frequency of TE and TM modes in a circular waveguide based on the mode numbers m and n. Plots show the impedance and gamma vs. frequency at different points in the waveguide simulated using FDTD. Code is provided for the FDTD simulation program and MATLAB files to calculate cutoff frequencies, plot impedance, gamma and time signals from the FDTD data.

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Gouse Modeen
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174 views19 pages

Circular Waveguide Microwave Engineering Project

This document discusses the analysis of a circular waveguide using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. It includes equations for calculating the lower cutoff frequency of TE and TM modes in a circular waveguide based on the mode numbers m and n. Plots show the impedance and gamma vs. frequency at different points in the waveguide simulated using FDTD. Code is provided for the FDTD simulation program and MATLAB files to calculate cutoff frequencies, plot impedance, gamma and time signals from the FDTD data.

Uploaded by

Gouse Modeen
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analysis of

CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE
using Finite Difference
Time Domain Method
JORGE L. LOPEZ CABRERA

TE (Transverse Electric) Mode


The lower cutoff frequency (or wavelength) for a
particular TE mode in circular waveguide is
determined by the following equation:
(m),
where P'mn is:
m

p'm1

p'm2

p'm3

3.832

7.016

10.174

1.841

5.331

8.536

3.054

6.706

9.970

TE (Transverse magnetic) Mode


The lower cutoff frequency (or wavelength) for a
particular TE mode in circular waveguide is
determined by the following equation:
(m),
where P'mn is:
m

p'm1

p'm2

p'm3

2.405

5.520

8.654

3.832

7.016

10.174

5.135

8.417

11.620

CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE;
Location of Source and
Observation Points
CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE
100

1cm

90
80

RHO (cells)

70

Radio Of
3.75cm

60
50
40

30

SOURCE

POINTS

20
10
50

100

150

200
Z (cells)

250

300

350

400

PLOT OF Zo IN THE POINT 1


Impedance Real part
1200

1000

(Ohm)

800

600

400

200

10
15
Frequency (GHz)

20

25

PLOT OF Zo IN THE POINT 6


Impedance Real part
1200

1000

(Ohm)

800

600

400

200

10
15
Frequency (GHz)

20

25

WAVEGUIDE Step-discontinuity

TIME PLOT OF THE POINT 1

TIME PLOT OF THE POINT 6

Magnitude of GAMMA

|Gamma|
2.34 GHzutoff freq

TE 22

.
TM21

2.34 CUTOFF
FRECUENCY

TM22

CODE OF THE
PROGRAMS AND THE
INPUTFILE OF THE
WAVEGUIDE

160 100
0.05 0.05
10000
0.7
11
4.0 4.0
1 0 20 75 20
0000
0 180 1
0 90 90
0000
40 50 40 55 40 58
40 62 40 65 40 70
3
1 75 0 77 50 0 0 1.0 1.e21
1 75 50 152 52 0 0 1.0 1.e21
1 150 52 152 100 0 0 1.0 1.e21

clear all;
close all;
load sig_dist.dat;
pennx=sig_dist;
col=3;
[x,y]=meshgrid(1:max(pennx(:,1)),1:max(pennx(:,2)));
[r,c]=size(pennx);
for jj=1:r
penn1x(pennx(jj,2)+1,pennx(jj,1)+1)=pennx(jj,col);
end
figure;
contour(penn1x,50);
title 'WAVEGUIDE PLOT'
xlabel 'Waveguide long (Z axis) in cells '
ylabel 'Radio of the waveguide in cells'
legend ('20 cells = 1cm')
grid;

GAMMA CODE FOR THE


PROGRAM MAT LAB

%Computes gamma of a Circular Waveguide


clear all;
%ONLY CHANGE THE NUMBERS OR THE TIME_POINTS_?
%AND YOU ARE GOING TO HAVE THE PLOTS OF Impedance Real part
%FOR BOR AND ANALYTICAL
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%Zin bor
load Time_Point_6.dat;%CHANGE TO NUMBER
erho=Time_Point_6(:,1);%CHANGE TO NUMBER
hphi=Time_Point_6(:,5);%CHANGE TO NUMBER

load timestep.dat;
dt=timestep;
%Nfft=size(erho,1);;
Nfft=60000;
df=1/(dt*Nfft);
f1=1.5e9; f2=20e9;

erho_f=(fft(erho,Nfft));
hphi_f=(fft(hphi,Nfft));
Zin=real(erho_f./hphi_f);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%Zo bor
load Time_Point_6_inf.dat;%CHANGE TO NUMBER
erho_1=Time_Point_6_inf(:,1);%CHANGE TO NUMBER
hphi_1=Time_Point_6_inf(:,5);%CHANGE TO NUMBER

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
erho_f_1=(fft(erho_1,Nfft));% NO CHANGE TO NUMBER
hphi_f_1=(fft(hphi_1,Nfft));% NO CHANGE TO NUMBER
Zo=real(erho_f_1./hphi_f_1);% NO CHANGE TO NUMBER

df=1/(dt*Nfft);
N1=floor(f1*Nfft*dt); N2=ceil(f2*Nfft*dt);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
GAMMA_BOR=((Zin-Zo)./(Zin+Zo));
GAMMA_mag_BOR=(abs(GAMMA_BOR));
GAMMA_dB_BOR= 20*log10(GAMMA_mag_BOR);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%Zo ANALYTICAL
F=[1.e9:1.e6:25.e9]; %hz
LAMDA=3.e8./F;
k =2*pi./LAMDA;
Pnm=1.841;
a=0.0375; %m
BETA=((k.^2)-(Pnm/a).^2).^(1/2);
eta=377; %ohm
Zo_AN=(eta.*k)./BETA;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%Zin ANALYTICAL
F=[1.e9:1.e6:25.e9]; %hz
LAMDA=3.e8./F;
k =2*pi./LAMDA;
Pnm=1.841;
a=.075; %m
BETA=((k.^2)-(Pnm/a).^2).^(1/2);
eta=377; %ohm
Zin_AN=(eta.*k)./BETA;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
GAMMA_AN=((Zin_AN-Zo_AN)./(Zin_AN+Zo_AN));
GAMMA_mag_AN=(abs(GAMMA_AN));
GAMMA_dB_AN= 20*log10(GAMMA_mag_AN);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%figure;
plot((N1:N2)/(dt*Nfft)/1.e9,GAMMA_BOR(N1:N2),'b');

hold on;
plot(F/1.e9,real(GAMMA_AN),'r');
grid;
ylabel(' (Ohm)');
xlabel('Frequency (GHz)');
title('GAMMA OF THE POINT 6')
axis([0 14 -6 3.5])
legend('BOR','ANALYTICAL')

Zo PLOT CODE FOR THE


PROGRAM MAT LAB

%Computes Input Impedance of a Circular Waveguide


clear all;
%ONLY CHANGE THE NUMBERS OR THE TIME_POINTS_?
%AND YOU ARE GOING TO HAVE THE PLOTS OF Impedance
Real part
%FOR BOR AND ANALYTICAL
load Time_Point_5.dat;
erho=Time_Point_5(:,1);
hphi=Time_Point_5(:,5);

load timestep.dat;
dt=timestep;
%Nfft=size(erho,1);;
Nfft=60000;
df=1/(dt*Nfft);
f1=1.5e9; f2=20e9;

erho_f=(fft(erho,Nfft));
hphi_f=(fft(hphi,Nfft));
z=real(erho_f./hphi_f);
%figure;
df=1/(dt*Nfft);
N1=floor(f1*Nfft*dt); N2=ceil(f2*Nfft*dt);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%
da=[1.e9:1.e6:25.e9]; %hz
lambda=3.e8./da;
k =2*pi./lambda;
Pnm=1.841;
a=.0375; %cm
beta=((k.^2)-(Pnm/a).^2).^(1/2);
eta=377; %ohm
l=(eta.*k)./beta;

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%
figure;
plot((N1:N2)/(dt*Nfft)/1.e9,z(N1:N2),'b');
grid;
ylabel(' (Ohm)');
xlabel('Frequency (GHz)');
title('Impedance Real part')
axis([0 25 0 1200])
hold on
plot(da/1.e9,real(l),'--r');
legend('BOR','ANALYTICAL')
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%
%plot((N1:N2)/(dt*Nfft)/1.e9,imag(z(N1:N2)),'b');
%grid;
%ylabel(' (Ohm)');
%xlabel('Frequency (GHz)');
%title('Impedance Imaginary part ')

TIME PLOT CODE FOR THE


PROGRAM MAT LAB

clear all;
close all;
col=1; %erho
%load Time_Point_1.dat;
%field(:,1)=Time_Point_1(:,col);
%load Time_Point_2.dat;
%field(:,2)=Time_Point_2(:,col);
%load Time_Point_3.dat;
%field(:,3)=Time_Point_3(:,col);
%load Time_Point_4.dat;
%field(:,4)=Time_Point_4(:,col);
%load Time_Point_5.dat;
%field(:,5)=Time_Point_5(:,col);
load Time_Point_6.dat;
field(:,6)=Time_Point_6(:,col);
figure;
plot(field)
title 'TIME PLOT OF THE POINT 6'
grid;

SIGNAL PLOT CODE FOR THE


PROGRAM MAT LAB

clear all;
close all;
load sig_dist.dat;
pennx=sig_dist;
col=3;
[x,y]=meshgrid(1:max(pennx(:,1)),1:max(pennx(:,2)));
[r,c]=size(pennx);
for jj=1:r
penn1x(pennx(jj,2)+1,pennx(jj,1)+1)=pennx(jj,col);
end
figure;
contour(penn1x,50);
title 'WAVEGUIDE PLOT'
xlabel 'Waveguide long (Z axis) in cells '
ylabel 'Radio of the waveguide in cells'
legend ('20 cells = 1cm')
grid;

INPUTFILE CODE FOR THE


PROGRAM BOR

160 100
0.05 0.05
10000
0.7
11
4.0 4.0
1 0 20 75 20
0000
0 180 1
0 90 90
0000
40 50 40 55 40 58
40 62 40 65 40 70
3
1 75 0 77 50 0 0 1.0 1.e21
1 75 50 152 52 0 0 1.0 1.e21
1 150 52 152 100 0 0 1.0 1.e21

Cutoff Frequency Program

%CUTOFF FRECUENCIES OF A CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE TEmn PROGRAM

%PUT IN (a) THE RADIO OF THE WAVE GUIDE


a=.0375; %IS THE INTERNAL RADIO OF THE WAVEGUIDE

%PUT IN n THE NUMBER OF 0 or 1 or 2


%n=1;
%PUT IN m THE NUMBER OF 1 or 2 or 3
%m=1;
if n==0 % begin of the switch 1
if m == 1
Pnm = 3.832
elseif m == 2
Pnm = 7.016
elseif m == 3
Pnm = 10.174
elseif (m<0 | m>2)
disp('pick other number for m')
break
end

Cutoff Frequency Program


Cont.

elseif n==1 %begin of the n ==2


if m == 1;
Pnm = 1.841
elseif m == 2;
Pnm = 5.331
elseif m == 3;
Pnm = 8.536
elseif (m<0 | m>2)
disp('pick other number for m')
break
end
elseif n==2 %begin of the switch 3
if m == 1;
Pnm = 3.054
elseif m == 2;
Pnm = 6.706
elseif m == 3;
Pnm = 9.970
elseif (m<0 | m>2)
disp('pick other number for m')
break
end
end
if ( n >= 0 & n <=2 )
kc=(Pnm/a);
Eo=(8.854*10^-12);
Uo=(4*pi*10^-7);
den=(2*pi*sqrt(Eo*Uo));
fc=(kc/den);
n
m
Pnm
fc
else
disp('pick other number for n')
break
end
clear;

Bibliography
THEORICAL INFORMATION

MICROWAVE ENGINEERING / DAVID M. POZAR. -3RD ED.

CLIP ART

http://www.fnrf.science.cmu.ac.th/theory/waveguide/Waveguide%20theory%208.html

http://www.rfcafe.com/references/electrical/waveguide.htm

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