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Rapid Sand Filter Design Example PDF

The document summarizes the design of a rapid sand filter to treat 10 million liters of raw water per day. It involves: 1) Designing two filter beds each with an area of 42.77 square meters to treat the required flow. 2) Calculating the necessary underdrain system including the manifold and lateral piping dimensions. 3) Sizing the washwater collection troughs and clear water reservoir for backwashing the filter beds.

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WONG TS
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20K views2 pages

Rapid Sand Filter Design Example PDF

The document summarizes the design of a rapid sand filter to treat 10 million liters of raw water per day. It involves: 1) Designing two filter beds each with an area of 42.77 square meters to treat the required flow. 2) Calculating the necessary underdrain system including the manifold and lateral piping dimensions. 3) Sizing the washwater collection troughs and clear water reservoir for backwashing the filter beds.

Uploaded by

WONG TS
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rapid Sand Filter Design

Problem: Design a rapid sand filter to treat 10 million litres of raw water per day allowing 0.5% of filtered water for backwashing. Half hour per day is used for bakwashing. Assume necessary data. Solution: Total filtered water = 10.05 x 24 x 106 = 0.42766 Ml / h 24 x 23.5 Let the rate of filtration be 5000 l / h / m 2 of bed. Area of filter = 10.05 x 106 x 1 = 85.5 m2 23.5 5000 Provide two units. Each bed area 85.5/2 = 42.77. L/B = 1.3; 1.3B 2 = 42.77 B = 5.75 m ; L = 5.75 x 1.3 = 7.5 m Assume depth of sand = 50 to 75 cm. Underdrainage system: Total area of holes = 0.2 to 0.5% of bed area. Assume 0.2% of bed area = 0.2 x 42.77 = 0.086 m2 100 Area of lateral = 2 (Area of holes of lateral) Area of manifold = 2 (Area of laterals) So, area of manifold = 4 x area of holes = 4 x 0.086 = 0.344 = 0.35 m 2 . Diameter of manifold = (4 x 0.35 /p)1/2 = 66 cm Assume c/c of lateral = 30 cm. Total numbers = 7.5/ 0.3 = 25 on either side. Length of lateral = 5.75/2 - 0.66/2 = 2.545 m. C.S. area of lateral = 2 x area of perforations per lateral. Take dia of holes = 13 mm Number of holes: n p (1.3)2 = 0.086 x 104 = 860 cm2 4

n = 4 x 860 = 648, say 650 p (1.3) 2 Number of holes per lateral = 650/50 = 13 Area of perforations per lateral = 13 x p (1.3) 2 /4 = 17.24 cm2 Spacing of holes = 2.545/13 = 19.5 cm. C.S. area of lateral = 2 x area of perforations per lateral = 2 x 17.24 = 34.5 cm 2. Diameter of lateral = (4 x 34.5/p)1/2 = 6.63 cm

Check: Length of lateral < 60 d = 60 x 6.63 = 3.98 m. l = 2.545 m (Hence acceptable). Rising washwater velocity in bed = 50 cm/min. Washwater discharge per bed = (0.5/60) x 5.75 x 7.5 = 0.36 m3/s. Velocity of flow through lateral = 0.36 = 0.36 x 10 4 = 2.08 m/s (ok) Total lateral area 50 x 34.5 Manifold velocity = 0.36 0.345 = 1.04 m/s < 2.25 m/s (ok)

Washwater gutter Discharge of washwater per bed = 0.36 m3/s. Size of bed = 7.5 x 5.75 m. Assume 3 troughs running lengthwise at 5.75/3 = 1.9 m c/c. Discharge of each trough = Q/3 = 0.36/3 = 0.12 m 3/s. Q =1.71 x b x h 3/2 Assume b =0.3 m h 3/2 = 0.12 = 0.234 1.71 x 0.3

h = 0.378 m = 37.8 cm = 40 cm = 40 + (free board) 5 cm = 45 cm; slope 1 in 40 Clear water reservoir for backwashing For 4 h filter capacity, Capacity of tank = 4 x 5000 x 7.5 x 5.75 x 2 = 1725 m3 1000 Assume depth d = 5 m. Surface area = 1725/5 = 345 m 2 L/B = 2; 2B2 = 345; B = 13 m & L = 26 m. Dia of inlet pipe coming from two filter = 50 cm. Velocity < 0.6 m/s. Diameter of washwater pipe to overhead tank = 67.5 cm. Air compressor unit = 1000 l of air/ min/ m 2 bed area. For 5 min, air required = 1000 x 5 x 7.5 x 5.77 x 2 = 4.32 m3 of air.

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