Pain Assessment Scales

The National Initiative on Pain Control (NIPC) has provided these diagnostic tools to assist you in assessing the severity and quality of pain experienced by your patients. We suggest that you produce multiple photocopies so that you may obtain written feedback to place in the patients history file.

Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale

No Hurt

Hurts Little Bit

Hurts Little More

Hurts Even More

Hurts Whole Lot

Hurts Worst

Explain to the person that each face is for a person who feels happy because he has no pain (hurt) or sad because he has some or a lot of pain. Face 0 is very happy because he doesnt hurt at all. Face 1 hurts just a little bit. Face 2 hurts a little more. Face 3 hurts even more. Face 4 hurts a whole lot. Face 5 hurts as much as you can image, although you dont have to be crying to feel this bad. Ask the person to choose the face that best describes how he is feeling. Rating scale is recommended for persons age 3 years and older. Brief word instructions: Point to each face using the words to describe the pain intensity. Ask the child to choose face that best describes own pain and record the appropriate number.
From Wong DL, Hockenberry-Eaton M, Wilson D, Winkelstein ML, Schwartz P: Wongs Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, 6/e, St. Louis, 2001, P. 1301. Copyrighted by Mosby, Inc. Reprinted by permission.

010 Numeric Pain Rating Scale

0 No pain

5 6 Moderate pain

10 Worst possible pain

Reprinted from Pain: Clinical Manual, McCaffery M, et al, P. 16, Copyright 1999, with permission from Elsevier.

Where is Your Pain?

Please mark, on the drawings below, the areas where you feel pain. Write E if external or I if internal near the areas which you mark. Write EI if both external and internal.

Reprinted from Pain, Vol 1, Melzack R, The McGill Pain Questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods, 277-299, Copyright 1975, with permission from the International Association for the Study of Pain.

PAIN QUALITY ASSESSMENT SCALE (PQAS) Instructions: There are different aspects and types of pain that patients experience and that we are interested in measuring. Pain can feel sharp, hot, cold, dull, and achy. Some pains may feel like they are very superficial (at skin-level), or they may feel like they are from deep inside your body. Pain can be described as unpleasant and also can have different time qualities. The Pain Quality Assessment Scale helps us measure these and other different aspects of your pain. For one patient, a pain might feel extremely hot and burning, but not at all dull, while another patient may not experience any burning pain, but feel like their pain is very dull and achy. Therefore, we expect you to rate very high on some of the scales below and very low on others. Please use the 20 rating scales below to rate how much of each different pain quality and type you may or may not have felt OVER THE PAST WEEK, ON AVERAGE.
1. Please use the scale below to tell us how intense your pain has been over the past week, on average. The most intense pain sensation imaginable 2. Please use the scale below to tell us how sharp your pain has felt over the past week. Words used to describe sharp feelings include like a knife, like a spike, or piercing. 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 The most sharp sensation imaginable (like a knife) 3. Please use the scale below to tell us how hot your pain has felt over the past week. Words used to describe very hot pain include burning and on fire. 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 Not hot 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 The most hot sensation imaginable (burning) Not sharp No pain

4. Please use the scale below to tell us how dull your pain has felt over the past week. Not dull 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 The most dull sensation imaginable

5. Please use the scale below to tell us how cold your pain has felt over the past week. Words used to describe very cold pain include like ice and freezing. The most cold sensation imaginable (freezing) 6. Please use the scale below to tell us how sensitive your skin has been to light touch or clothing rubbing against it over the past week. Words used to describe sensitive skin include like sunburned skin and raw skin. 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 The most sensitive sensation imaginable (raw skin) 7. Please use the scale below to tell us how tender your pain is when something has pressed against it over the past week. Another word used to describe tender pain is like a bruise. 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 The most tender sensation imaginable (like a bruise) 8. Please use the scale below to tell us how itchy your pain has felt over the past week. Words used to describe itchy pain include like poison ivy and like a mosquito bite. 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 The most itchy sensation imaginable (like poison ivy) 9. Please use the scale below to tell us how much your pain has felt like it has been shooting over the past week. Another word used to describe shooting pain is zapping. 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 Not shooting 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 The most shooting sensation imaginable (zapping) Not itchy Not tender Not sensitive Not cold

10. Please use the scale below to tell us how numb your pain has felt over the past week. A phrase that can be used to describe numb pain is "like it is asleep." The most numb sensation imaginable (asleep) 11. Please use the scale below to tell us how much your pain sensations have felt electrical over the past week. Words used to describe electrical pain include shocks, lightning, and sparking. 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 The most electrical sensation imaginable (shocks) 12. Please use the scale below to tell us how tingling your pain has felt over the past week. Words used to describe tingling pain include like pins and needles and prickling. 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 The most tingling sensation imaginable (pins and needles) 13. Please use the scale below to tell us how cramping your pain has felt over the past week. Words used to describe cramping pain include squeezing and tight. 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 The most cramping sensation imaginable (squeezing) 14. Please use the scale below to tell us how radiating your pain has felt over the past week. Another word used to describe radiating pain is spreading. 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 The most radiating sensation imaginable (spreading) 15. Please use the scale below to tell us how throbbing your pain has felt over the past week. Another word used to describe throbbing pain is pounding. 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 Not throbbing 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 The most throbbing sensation imaginable (pounding) Not radiating Not cramping Not tingling Not electrical Not numb

16. Please use the scale below to tell us how aching your pain has felt over the past week. Another word used to describe aching pain is like a toothache. The most aching sensation imaginable (like a toothache) 17. Please use the scale below to tell us how heavy your pain has felt over the past week. Other words used to describe heavy pain are pressure and weighted down. 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 Not heavy 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 The most heavy sensation imaginable (weighted down) Not aching

18. Now that you have told us the different types of pain sensations you have felt, we want you to tell us overall how unpleasant your pain has been to you over the past week. Words used to describe very unpleasant pain include annoying, bothersome, miserable, and intolerable. Remember, pain can have a low intensity but still feel extremely unpleasant, and some kinds of pain can have a high intensity but be very tolerable. With this scale, please tell us how unpleasant your pain feels. Not unpleasant 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 The most unpleasant sensation imaginable (intolerable)

19. We want you to give us an estimate of the severity of your deep versus surface pain over the past week. We want you to rate each location of pain separately. We realize that it can be difficult to make these estimates, and most likely it will be a best guess, but please give us your best estimate.
HOW INTENSE IS YOUR DEEP PAIN?

No deep pain No surface pain

0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10
HOW INTENSE IS YOUR SURFACE PAIN?

The most intense deep pain sensation imaginable The most intense surface pain sensation imaginable

0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10

20. Pain can also have different time qualities. For some people, the pain comes and goes and so they have some moments that are completely without pain; in other words the pain comes and goes. This is called intermittent pain. Others are never pain free, but their pain types and pain severity can vary from one moment to the next. This is called variable pain. For these people, the increases can be severe, so that they feel they have moments of very intense pain (breakthrough pain), but at other times they can feel lower levels of pain (background pain). Still, they are never pain free. Other people have pain that really does not change that much from one moment to another. This is called stable pain. Which of these best describes the time pattern of your pain (please select only one): ( ) I have intermittent pain (I feel pain sometimes but I am pain-free at other times). ( ) I have variable pain (background pain all the time, but also moments of more pain, or even severe breakthrough pain or varying types of pain). ( ) I have stable pain (constant pain that does not change very much from one moment to another, and no pain-free periods).
Copyright Galer, Jensen & Gammaitoni, 2003, All Rights Reserved. Jensen, M.P. (in press). Pain assessment in clinical trials. In D. Carr & H. Wittink (Eds.), Evidence, outcomes, and quality of life in pain treatment. Amsterdam: Elsevier. PQAS contact information: Information Resources Centre, Mapi Research Trust, 27 rue de la Villette, 69003 Lyon, FRANCE - Tel: +33 (0) 472 13 65 75 - Fax: +33 (0) 472 13 66 82 - E-mail: [email protected] - Internet: www.mapi-trust.org (conditions of use and user-agreement are provided). Useful information about the PQAS (such as references, translations available, scoring and others) is available on the Quality of Life Instrument Database (QOLID), available on the Internet at www.QOLID.org