BOLLARDS Trelleborg bollards come in many popular shapes and sizes to suit most docks, jetties and wharves. Standard material is spheroidal graphite (commonly called SG or ductile iron) which is both strong and resistant to corrosion, meaning Trelleborg bollards enjoy a long and trouble free service life. The shape of Trelleborg bollards has been refined with finite element techniques to optimize the geometry and anchor layout. Even at full working load, Trelleborg bollards remain highly stable and provide a safe and secure mooring.
Features B B B B B High quality SG iron as standard Strong and durable designs Very low maintenance Large line angles possible Standard and custom anchors available
Tee
Horn
Kidney
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TEE BOLLARDS
recommended line angle
Features B General purpose applications up to 200 tonnes B Suitable for steeper rope angles
Features B General purpose applications up to 200 tonnes B Suitable for steep rope angles B Two lines may share a single bollard (subject to bollard capacity) 180
seaward side D G G Dimension A B 15 40 370 400 410 335 80 155 160 205 130 30 60 M24 500 55 5 30 40 410 440 480 405 100 175 200 240 165 30 60 M30 500 55 5
BOLLARD SELECTION Design Bollards and holding down bolts are designed with a minimum Factor of Safety against failure of 3.0 for SG Iron material grade 65-45-12. Designs are typically based on the following: BS 5950: 2000 BS 6349 Part 2: 1988 AS 3990: 1993 Structural Use of Steelwork Marine Structures Mechanical Equipment Design
Material specications Trelleborg bollards are produced to the highest specifications. The table gives indicative standards and grades but many other options are available on request. Material Ductile Cast Iron (Spheroidal Graphite Iron) Anchor bolts (galvanised) Standards* Grade(s)*
BS EN 1563 EN-GJS-450 or 500 ASTM A 536 65-45-12 or 80-55-6 ISO 898 BS 3692 ASTM N/A ISO 12944 Gr 8.8 (galvanised) Gr 8.8 (galvanised) A325 (galvanised) Sweep blast SA2.5
Detailed calculations can be supplied on request. Different factors of safety can be used to suit other national standards and regulations.
Blasting (standard) Blasting (high performance)
Materials Trelleborg bollards are offered in Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron (SG Iron), referred to as Ductile Cast Iron, because of its superior strength and resistance to corrosion. Ductile cast iron combines the best attributes of grey cast iron and cast steel without the disadvantages. Benefits Lowest service life cost High strength Good impact resistance High corrosion resistance Low cost per weight Excellent corrosion resistance High strength High impact resistance Good cost per weight Disadvantages
BS3416 Paint (standard) Paint (high performance) ISO 12944
Black bitumen (1 coat) Class C5M
* In all cases equivalent alternative standards may apply.
Other high performance paint systems available on request.
Protective coatings Installation and grout filling requires extra care to avoid damage to factory applied coatings. Bollards are supplied as factory standard with a bituminous protective coating suitable for most projects. High performance epoxy or other specified paint systems can be factory applied on request in a choice of colours and thicknesses.
Ductile Cast Iron (Spheroidal Graphite) Grey Cast Iron
Cast Steel
Low strength Low impact resistance Regular maintenance to prevent corrosion
Ductile cast iron is the preferred material for all bollard applications. Grey cast iron is cheaper per unit weight, but the need for thicker wall sections and poor impact strength outweigh this. Cast steel remains popular in some countries but needs regular painting to prevent corrosion.
Micro structure
Ductile cast iron (SG)
Grey iron
Wear and abrasion from ropes means paint coatings need regular maintenance. Ductile iron bollards are far less susceptible to corrosion than cast steel bollards, which can rust quickly and will need frequent painting to retain full strength.
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BOLLARD SELECTION Bollards should be selected and arranged according to local regulations or recognised design standards. The design process should consider: B B B B B B Mooring pattern(s) Changes in draft due to loading and discharge Wind and current forces Swell, wave and tidal forces Mooring line types, sizes and angles Ice forces (where relevant) Displacement Up to 2,000 tonnes 2,000 10,000 tonnes 10,000 20,000 tonnes 20,000 50,000 tonnes 50,000 100,000 tonnes 100,000 200,000 tonnes over 200,000 tonnes Approx. bollard rating 10 tonnes 30 tonnes 60 tonnes 80 tonnes 100 tonnes 150 tonnes 200 tonnes
Mooring loads should be calculated where possible, but in the absence of information then the following table can be used as an approximate guideline.
Where strong winds, currents or other adverse loads are expected, bollard capacity should be increased by 25% or more.
Mooring line angles
Bollards After breast line Spring lines Forward breast line
Stern line
Head line
Mooring line angles are normally calculated as part of a comprehensive mooring simulation. Standards and guidelines such as BS6349 : Part 4, ROM 0.2-90 and PIANC suggest mooring line angles are kept within the limits given in the table below. In some cases much larger line angles can be expected. Trelleborg bollards can cope with horizontal angles of 90 and vertical angles up to 75. Please check with your local office about applications where expected line angles exceed those given in the table as these may need additional design checks on anchorages and concrete stresses.
Fully laden case
Fmin
Low tide Mean tide High tide
Light draught case
Suggested Line Angles (BS6349, ROM 0.2-90, PIANC)
Head & stern lines* Breast lines* Spring lines* Vertical line angle () * Relative to mooring angle 45 15 90 30 510 <30
Fmax
Low tide Mean tide High tide
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INSTALLATION Quality assurance Bollards are safety critical items and quality is paramount. A typical quality documentation package will include: B B B B B Bollards must be installed correctly for a long and troublefree service life. Anchors should be accurately set out with the supplied template. Bollards can be recessed (as shown) or alternatively surface mounted. Once the grout has reached full strength, anchors can be fully tightened. Mastic is often applied around exposed threads to ease future removal. Dimensioned drawings of bollard and accessories Bollard and anchorage calculations (if required) Factory inspection report Physical properties report for casting Installation instructions
Codes and guidelines
ROM 0.2-90 (1990) Actions in the Design of Maritime and Harbor Works BS6349: Part 4 (1994) Code of Practice for Design of Fendering and Mooring Systems PIANC Report of WG24 (1995) Criteria for Movements of Moored Ships in Harbours A Practical Guide (1995)
Concrete recess bollard grout P P D+30 E+30
EAU (1996) Recommendations of the Committee for Waterfront Structures PIANC Report of PTC II-30 (1997) Approach Channels: A Guide for Design (Appendix B Typical Ship Dimensions) Ministry of Transport, Japan (1999) Technical Note No.911 Ship Dimensions of Design Ships under given Confidence Limits ROSA Defenses Daccostage (2000) Recommandations pour Le Calcul Aux Etats-Limitesdes Ouvrages En Site Aquatique defenses Daccostage PIANC Report of WG33 (2002) Guidelines for the Design of Fender Systems (2002)
* refer to dimensions tables Recessing the bollard is generally recognised as superior to surface mounting. Recessing the base prevents the bollard from working loose on its bolts or cracking the grout bed especially relevant for high use locations.
Fixing options
Embedded
Through
Retrot (epoxy grouted bolts)
Fuse bolts available on special request.
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PROJECT REQUIREMENTS PROJECT DETAILS Port Project Designer Contractor PROJECT STATUS TMS Ref: Preliminary Detail design Tender
