Scribd
Upload
149 views18 pages

Micro Processer

A microprocessor incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC),[1] or at most a few integrated circuits.[2] It is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output. It is an example of sequential digital logic, as it has internal memory. Microprocessors operate on numbers and symbols represented in the binary numeral system.

Uploaded by

Chaitali Binzade
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
149 views18 pages

Micro Processer

A microprocessor incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC),[1] or at most a few integrated circuits.[2] It is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output. It is an example of sequential digital logic, as it has internal memory. Microprocessors operate on numbers and symbols represented in the binary numeral system.

Uploaded by

Chaitali Binzade
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

BY:AMIT BANSAL ROLL NO.

19

INTRODUCTION
A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC).
Components of CPU ALU, instruction decoder, registers, bus control circuit, etc. Microcontroller Computer on a single chip of silicon

SOME PROCESSORS ARE..


1.Dual Core 2.Quad Core 3.core2duo 4. Intel Core i7 for desktop 5.AMD(Advanced Micro Devices )Xilleon processor 6. Intel Core2 Extreme 7. Intel Celeron processor

MOTHER-BOARD Structure
Central Processing Unit (CPU): To recognize and carry out program instructions Input & Output Interfaces: To handle communications between computer and the external world Storage: To hold the program instructions and data. Bus: Bridges connecting the components and transport data and commands

Components of CPU
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU): Performs the actual data manipulation.
Control Unit: Determines the timing and sequence (or the speed) of operations. Registers: Holds the internal data temporarily while the instructions are being executed.

Robert Noyce is the first Intel's founder. The intel 4004 was the worlds first processor. The central processing unit also contains the control unit and the arithmetic/logic unit, both working together as a team to process the computer's commands.

The control unit controls the flow of events inside the processor.

Microprocesor
Data Cache
Memory Bus
RAM

I/O

Bus Interface Unit


System Bus

Control Unit Instruction Decoder

Arithmetic & Logic Unit Registers Floating Point Unit Registers

Instruction Cache

BUS INTERFACE UNIT

Receives instructions & data from main memory Instructions are then sent to the instruction cache, data to the data cache Also receives the processed data and sends it to the main memory

INSTRUCTION DECODER

This unit receives the programming instructions and decodes them into a form that is understandable by the processing units, i.e. the ALU or FPU Then, it passes on the decoded instruction to the ALU or FPU

ARITHMETIC & LOGIC UNIT (ALU)

Also known as the Integer Unit It performs whole-number math calculations (subtract, multiply, divide, etc) comparisons (is greater than, is smaller than, etc.) and logical operations (NOT, OR, AND, etc) The new breed of popular microprocessors have not one but two almost identical ALUs that can do calculations simultaneously, doubling the capability

FLOATING-POINT UNIT (FPU)

Also known as the Numeric Unit

It performs calculations that involve numbers represented in the scientific notation (also known as floating-point numbers). This notation can represent extremely small and extremely large numbers in a compact form
Floating-point calculations are required for doing graphics, engineering and scientific work The ALU can do these calculations as well, but will do them very slowly

REGISTERS

Both ALU & FPU have a very small amount of super-fast private memory placed right next to them for their exclusive use. These are called registers The ALU & FPU store intermediate and final results from their calculations in these registers Processed data goes back to the data cache and then to main memory from these registers

SOME COMPONENTS ARE

Devices
Transistors Resistors Capacitors Wires

And are made of the following materials


Silicon

- semiconductor Copper - conductor Silicon Dioxide - insulator

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Commonly known as an IC or a chip

A tiny piece of Silicon that has several electronic parts on it Most of the size of an IC comes form the pins and packaging; the actual Silicon occupies a very small piece of the volume
The smallest components on an IC are much smaller than the thickness of a human hair

POWER

Power dissipation limits performance


Lower voltage Conditional clocks

Power distribution is a major concern


Supply affects circuit performance, reliability IR drops, L dI/dt drops Requires careful design of power supply grid On/off chip decoupling capacitors

MOORES LAW

In 1965, one of the founders of Intel Gordon Moore predicted that the number of transistor on an IC (and therefore the capability of microprocessors) will double every year. Later he modified it to 18-months His prediction still holds true in 02. In fact, the time required for doubling is contracting to the original prediction, and is closer to a year now

EVOLUTION OF INTEL MICROPROCESSORS


4004 8008 8080 8086 286 386 486 Pentium Pentium 2 Pentium 3 Pentium 4 100,000,000 10,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

THANKS..

You might also like