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DBMS

This document discusses different types of database management system (DBMS) languages. It describes four main types: data definition language (DDL) for defining database structure; data manipulation language (DML) for managing data; data control language (DCL) for controlling user access privileges; and transaction control language (TCL) for managing transactions and changes to data. Examples of statements for each language type are provided.

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48 views2 pages

DBMS

This document discusses different types of database management system (DBMS) languages. It describes four main types: data definition language (DDL) for defining database structure; data manipulation language (DML) for managing data; data control language (DCL) for controlling user access privileges; and transaction control language (TCL) for managing transactions and changes to data. Examples of statements for each language type are provided.

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vr0046
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DBMS - Introduction DBMS - Advantages DBMS - Data Models DBMS - E-R Model DBMS - E-R Diagram DBMS - OOriented

Model DBMS - Relation Model DBMS - Network Model DBMS - Hierarchical Model DBMS - Languages DBMS - Rules DBMS - DBA DBMS - Types DBMS - Normalization

Types of DBMS languages

Data Definition Language-DDL


Data Definition Language (DDL) statements are used to define the database structure or schema. Some examples: CREATE - to create objects in the database ALTER - alters the structure of the database DROP - delete objects from the database TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary RENAME - rename an object

Data Manipulation Language (DML)


Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements are used for managing data within schema objects. Some examples: SELECT - Retrieve data from the a database INSERT - Insert data into a table UPDATE - Updates existing data within a table DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain MERGE - UPSERT operation (insert or update) CALL - Call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram EXPLAIN PLAN - explain access path to data LOCK TABLE - control concurrency

Data Control Language (DCL)


Data Control Language (DCL) statements. Some examples: GRANT - gives user's access privileges to database

REVOKE - withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command

Transaction Control (TCL)


Transaction Control (TCL) statements are used to manage the changes made by DML statements. It allows statements to be grouped together into logical transactions. Some examples: COMMIT - save work done SAVEPOINT - identify a point in a transaction to which you can later roll back ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the last COMMIT SET TRANSACTION - Change transaction options like isolation level and what rollback segment to use

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