Service Manual Type MBCH Biased Differential Relay

Service Manual Type MBCH Biased Differential Relay

HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

A person's normal movements can easily generate electrostatic potentials of several thousand volts. Discharge of these voltages into semiconductor devices when handling electronic circuits can cause serious damage, which often may not be immediately apparent but the reliability of the circuit will have been reduced. The electronic circuits of ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd products are immune to the relevant levels of electrostatic discharge when housed in their cases. Do not expose them to the risk of damage by withdrawing modules unnecessarily. Each module incorporates the highest practicable protection for its semiconductor devices. However, if it becomes necessary to withdraw a module, the following precautions should be taken to preserve the high reliability and long life for which the equipment has been designed and manufactured. 1. Before removing a module, ensure that you are at the same electrostatic potential as the equipment by touching the case. 2. Handle the module by its front-plate, frame, or edges of the printed circuit board. Avoid touching the electronic components, printed circuit track or connectors. 3. Do not pass the module to any person without first ensuring that you are both at the same electrostatic potential. Shaking hands achieves equipotential. 4. Place the module on an antistatic surface, or on a conducting surface which is at the same potential as yourself. 5. Store or transport the module in a conductive bag. More information on safe working procedures for all electronic equipment can be found in BS5783 and IEC 60147-0F. If you are making measurements on the internal electronic circuitry of an equipment in service, it is preferable that you are earthed to the case with a conductive wrist strap. Wrist straps should have a resistance to ground between 500k 10M ohms. If a wrist strap is not available, you should maintain regular contact with the case to prevent the build up of static. Instrumentation which may be used for making measurements should be earthed to the case whenever possible. ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd strongly recommends that detailed investigations on the electronic circuitry, or modification work, should be carried out in a Special Handling Area such as described in BS5783 or IEC 60147-0F.

CONTENTS
SAFETY SECTION 1 2
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

7 11 11
11 12 12 12

DESCRIPTION INSTALLATION
General Unpacking Storage Site

3
3.1 3.2

COMMISSIONING
Commissioning preliminaries Commissioning tests

12
12 13

4
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

APPLICATION NOTES
General Matched line current transformers Ratio and phase matching interposing transformers Application of matching transformer

17
17 17 18 19

SETTINGS DIAGRAMS
Flowchart Flowchart Flowchart Flowchart Flowchart Flowchart Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 Connections for checking relay settings Connections for checking relay operating time Connections for checking the bias curve MBCH 12/13/16 bias curve Connections to the relay to simulate magnetizing inrush current waveform Mesh busbar arrangement requiring three bias inputs to the differential relay Three winding transformer one power source Switchgear arrangement where six bias inputs may be required Example of a 30 MVA transformer with current flow indicated Disposition of windings on matching transformer Two winding transformer with unmatched line current transformers

23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16

Three winding transformer showing interposing CTs Block diagram: biased differential protection relay Type MBCH12 with two biased inputs Block diagram: biased differential protection relay Type MBCH13 with three biased inputs Block diagram: biased differential protection relay Type MBCH16 with six biased inputs Connection for six change-over tripping contacts for three phase tripping of up to six circuit breakers

40 41 42 43 44

COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD REPAIR FORM

45 47

SAFETY SECTION
This Safety Section should be read before commencing any work on the equipment. Health and safety The information in the Safety Section of the product documentation is intended to ensure that products are properly installed and handled in order to maintain them in a safe condition. It is assumed that everyone who will be associated with the equipment will be familiar with the contents of the Safety Section. Explanation of symbols and labels The meaning of symbols and labels which may be used on the equipment or in the product documentation, is given below.

Caution: refer to product documentation

Caution: risk of electric shock

Protective/safety *earth terminal

Functional *earth terminal. Note: this symbol may also be used for a protective/ safety earth terminal if that terminal is part of a terminal block or sub-assembly eg. power supply.

*Note: The term earth used throughout the product documentation is the direct equivalent of the North American term ground.

Installing, Commissioning and Servicing

Equipment connections Personnel undertaking installation, commissioning or servicing work on this equipment should be aware of the correct working procedures to ensure safety. The product documentation should be consulted before installing, commissioning or servicing the equipment. Terminals exposed during installation, commissioning and maintenance may present a hazardous voltage unless the equipment is electrically isolated. If there is unlocked access to the rear of the equipment, care should be taken by all personnel to avoid electric shock or energy hazards. Voltage and current connections should be made using insulated crimp terminations to ensure that terminal block insulation requirements are maintained for safety. To ensure that wires are correctly terminated, the correct crimp terminal and tool for the wire size should be used.
7

Before energising the equipment it must be earthed using the protective earth terminal, or the appropriate termination of the supply plug in the case of plug connected equipment. Omitting or disconnecting the equipment earth may cause a safety hazard. The recommended minimum earth wire size is 2.5 mm2, unless otherwise stated in the technical data section of the product documentation. Before energising the equipment, the following should be checked: Voltage rating and polarity; CT circuit rating and integrity of connections; Protective fuse rating; Integrity of earth connection (where applicable) Equipment operating conditions The equipment should be operated within the specified electrical and environmental limits. Current transformer circuits Do not open the secondary circuit of a live CT since the high voltage produced may be lethal to personnel and could damage insulation. External resistors Where external resistors are fitted to relays, these may present a risk of electric shock or burns, if touched. Battery replacement Where internal batteries are fitted they should be replaced with the recommended type and be installed with the correct polarity, to avoid possible damage to the equipment. Insulation and dielectric strength testing Insulation testing may leave capacitors charged up to a hazardous voltage. At the end of each part of the test, the voltage should be gradually reduced to zero, to discharge capacitors, before the test leads are disconnected. Insertion of modules and pcb cards These must not be inserted into or withdrawn from equipment whilst it is energised, since this may result in damage. Fibre optic communication Where fibre optic communication devices are fitted, these should not be viewed directly. Optical power meters should be used to determine the operation or signal level of the device.

Older Products
Electrical adjustments Equipments which require direct physical adjustments to their operating mechanism to change current or voltage settings, should have the electrical power removed before making the change, to avoid any risk of electric shock. Mechanical adjustments The electrical power to the relay contacts should be removed before checking any mechanical settings, to avoid any risk of electric shock. Draw out case relays Removal of the cover on equipment incorporating electromechanical operating elements, may expose hazardous live parts such as relay contacts. Insertion and withdrawal of extender cards When using an extender card, this should not be inserted or withdrawn from the equipment whilst it is energised. This is to avoid possible shock or damage hazards. Hazardous live voltages may be accessible on the extender card. Insertion and withdrawal of heavy current test plugs When using a heavy current test plug, CT shorting links must be in place before insertion or removal, to avoid potentially lethal voltages.

Decommissioning and Disposal

Decommissioning: The auxiliary supply circuit in the relay may include capacitors across the supply or to earth. To avoid electric shock or energy hazards, after completely isolating the supplies to the relay (both poles of any dc supply), the capacitors should be safely discharged via the external terminals prior to decommissioning. Disposal: It is recommended that incineration and disposal to water courses is avoided. The product should be disposed of in a safe manner. Any products containing batteries should have them removed before disposal, taking precautions to avoid short circuits. Particular regulations within the country of operation, may apply to the disposal of lithium batteries.

Technical Specifications
Protective fuse rating The recommended maximum rating of the external protective fuse for this equipment is 16A, Red Spot type or equivalent, unless otherwise stated in the technical data section of the product documentation. Insulation class: IEC 61010-1: 1990/A2: 1995 Class I EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 Class I Installation Category (Overvoltage): IEC 61010-1: 1990/A2: 1995 Category III EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 Category III This equipment requires a protective (safety) earth connection to ensure user safety. Distribution level, fixed installation. Equipment in this category is qualification tested at 5kV peak, 1.2/50s, 500, 0.5J, between all supply circuits and earth and also between independent circuits. Compliance is demonstrated by reference to generic safety standards. Compliance with the European Commission Low Voltage Directive. Compliance is demonstrated by reference to generic safety standards.

Environment:

IEC 61010-1: 1990/A2: 1995 Pollution degree 2 EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 Pollution degree 2 73/23/EEC

Product safety:

EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 EN 60950: 1992/A11: 1997

10

Section 1.

DESCRIPTION

The MBCH is a range of high-speed biased differential relays suitable for protection of two or three winding power transformers, auto-transformers or generator transformer units. The MBCH may also be regarded as an alternative to the high impedance relays for the protection of reactors, motors and generators. The relay is extremely stable during through faults and provides high speed operation on internal faults, even when energized via line current transformers of only moderate output. Immunity to false tripping due to large inrush currents on energization of the power transformer, and during overfluxing conditions, is guaranteed without the use of harmonic filter circuits, therefore eliminating their associated delay. A tapped interposing transformer for ratio matching of the line current transformers is available where required. The transformer taps are spaced at intervals of 4% and better, allowing matching to well within 2% in most cases. The relay models available are as follows: Type designation MBCH12 MBCH13 No of bias circuits 2 3 Publication ref no R6070 R6070 R6070

Application Two winding power transformer Generally 3 winding power transformer, where bias is required for each of the 3 groups of CTs For all applications requiring 4, 5 or 6 bias circuits

MBCH16

Section 2.
2.1

INSTALLATION

General Protective relays, although generally of robust construction, require careful treatment prior to installation and a wise selection of site. By observing a few simple rules the possibility of premature failure is eliminated and a high degree of performance can be expected. The relays are either despatched individually or as part of a panel/rack mounted assembly in cartons specifically designed to protect them from damage. Relays should be examined immediately they are received to ensure that no damage has been sustained in transit. If damage due to rough handling is evident, a claim should be made to the transport company concerned immediately, and ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd should be promptly notified. Relays which are supplied unmounted and not intended for immediate installation should be returned to their protective polythene bags.

11

2.2

Unpacking Care must be taken when unpacking and installing the relays so that none of the parts are damaged or their settings altered, and relays must only be handled by skilled persons. Relays should be examined for any wedges, clamps, or rubber bands necessary to secure moving parts to prevent damage during transit and these should be removed after installation and before commissioning. Relays which have been removed from their cases should not be left in situations where they are exposed to dust or damp. This particularly applies to installations which are being carried out at the same time as constructional work.

2.3

Storage If relays are not installed immediately upon receipt they should be stored in a place free from dust and moisture in their original cartons and where de-humidifier bags have been included in the packing they should be retained. The action of the dehumidifier crystals will be impaired if the bag has been exposed to ambient conditions and may be restored by gently heating the bag for about an hour, prior to replacing it in the carton. Dust which collects on a carton may, on subsequent unpacking, find its way into the relay; in damp conditions the carton and packing may become impregnated with moisture and the de-humidifying agent will lose its efficiency. The storage temperature range is 25C to +70C.

2.4

Site The installation should be clean, dry and reasonably free from dust and excessive vibration. The site should preferably be well illuminated to facilitate inspection. An outline diagram is normally supplied showing panel cut-outs and hole centres. For individually mounted relays these dimensions will also be found in Publication R6017. Publication R7012, Parts Catalogue and Assembly Instructions, will be useful when individual relays are to be assembled as a composite rack or panel mounted assembly. Publication R6001 is a leaflet on the modular integrated drawout system of protective relay. Publication R6014 is a list of recommended suppliers for the pre-insulated connectors.

Section 3.
3.1 3.1.1

COMMISSIONING

Commissioning preliminaries Electrostatic discharges The relay uses components which could be affected by electrostatic discharges. When handling the withdrawn module, care should be taken to avoid contact with components and connections. When removed for the case for storage, the module should be placed in an electrically conducting anti-static bag.

12

3.1.2

Inspection Remove the polycarbonate front cover by undoing the two knurled plastic nuts with a small screwdriver. The module can now be withdrawn by the handles provided. Carefully examine the module and case to see that no damage has occurred during transit. Check that the relay serial number on the module, case and cover are identical and that the model number and rating information are correct.

3.1.3

Wiring Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram and scheme diagram. The relay diagram number appears inside the case. Note the shorting switches shown on the relay diagram are fitted internally across the relevant case terminals and close when the module is withdrawn. It is essential that such switches are fitted across all CT circuits. If a test block type MMLG is provided, the connections should be checked to the scheme diagram, particularly that the supply connections are to the live side of the test block (coloured orange) and with terminals allocated with odd numbers (1, 3, 5, 7 etc). The auxiliary supply voltage to the scheme should be routed via test block terminals 13 and 15.

3.1.4

Earthing Ensure that the case earthing connection above the rear terminal block, is used to connect the relay to a local earth bar.

3.1.5

Insulation The relay and its associated wiring, may be insulation tested between: all electrically isolated circuits all circuits and earth An electronic or brushless insulation tester should be used, having a dc voltage not exceeding 1000V. Accessible terminals of the same circuit should first be strapped together. Deliberate circuit earthing links, removed for the tests, subsequently must be replaced.

3.1.6

WARNING DO NOT OPEN THE SECONDARY CIRCUIT OF A CURRENT TRANSFORMER SINCE THE HIGH VOLTAGE PRODUCED MAY BE LETHAL AND COULD DAMAGE INSULATION. When the type MMLG test block facilities are installed, it is important that the sockets in the type MMLB01 test plug, which correspond to the CT secondary windings, are LINKED BEFORE THE TEST PLUG IS INSERTED INTO THE TEST BLOCK. Similarly, a MMLB02 single finger test plug must be terminated with an ammeter BEFORE IT IS INSERTED to monitor CT secondary currents.

3.2 3.2.1

Commissioning tests Test equipment For relays with a rated current In = 1A, the variable auto-transformer and resistor listed below can be used as an alternative to the overcurrent test set. Overcurrent test set (with timing facilities or separate timer). DC power supply (to suit relay auxiliary voltage Vx).

13

2 multimeters Double pole switch Single pole switch MMLB01 test plug If MMLG Test Block is supplied MMLB02 single finger test plug 8A variable auto-transformer 2 Variable resistors 0 100 Ohms, suitably rated Diode rated 7A for magnetising inrush test, if required.

Note:

The following test instructions are based on injecting current directly into the relay terminals, however if a MMLG test block is incorporated in the scheme, then it is more convenient to inject current into the MMLG test block. Refer to the relevant scheme diagram for connections.

3.2.2

DC auxiliary supply Check the rated auxiliary voltage Vx on the front plate and connect a suitable smoothed dc supply or station battery supply to relay terminals 13(+ve) and 14(ve).

3.2.3

Relay settings Connect the overcurrent test set to the relay as shown in Figure 1. Adjust the relay front panel switches to give a relay setting Is = 0.1 x In (10% setting, In = relay rated current). Slowly increase the current until the relay operates, indicated by a light emitting diode (led) on the front plate. Note the operate (differential) current and check that this is within 10% of the expected current (ie. 0.09 to 0.11A for a 1A relay, or 0.45 to 0.55A for a 5A relay, with a 10% relay setting). Check that the relay trip contacts (terminals 1,3 and 2,4 ) are closed with the current above the setting, and that these contacts open as the current is removed. Check also that the relay alarm contacts (terminal 9,11) are closed with the current above the setting and remain closed as the current is removed. Press the reset button on the relay front plate and check that the LED indicator resets and that the alarm contacts open. Repeat the test with the relay adjusted to settings of 0.2 x In, 0.3 x In, 0.4 x In and 0.5 x In in turn. Check that the settings are within 10% of the nominal value. Notes: 1. The setting may also be checked using a variable auto-transformer, 0 100 Ohm resistor and ammeter, as an alternative to using an overcurrent test set. 2. During commissioning do not disconnect the dc auxiliary supply without first removing the ac operating current, otherwise the trip contacts on terminals 1,3 and 2,4 may remain operated. If this does occur the contacts may be reset by removing the ac operating current, and then switching on the dc auxiliary supply at rated voltage. 3. It is prudent to switch off the dc supply before inserting or removing modules.

14

3.2.4

Operating time Connect the test circuit as shown in Figure 2. Set the relay to Is = 0.2 x In (20% setting). Inject 3.5 x In and record the relay operating time. For 50Hz, this should be within the range 24ms 5ms (60Hz relays, within the range 20ms 4ms). To check operation of the instantaneous circuit (high set), inject 4.5 x In and record the mean relay operating time. For 50Hz relays, this should be less than 20ms (60Hz relays, less than 17ms). Note: For relays with a rated current (In) of 1A the operating time may be checked using a variable auto-transformer and 0 100 Ohm (non inductive) resistor (suitably rated), as an alternative to using the overcurrent test set.

3.2.5

Bias check

3.2.5.1 Connect the test circuit as shown in Figure 3. Ensure that both variable resistors are non-inductive. With the relay set to Is = 0.2 x In (20% setting), adjust resistor R1 to about 40 Ohms (8 Ohms if In = 5A) and resistor R2 to about 100 Ohms (20 Ohms if In = 5A). Switch on the supply and increase the applied voltage until ammeter A1 indicates 0.6 x In for MBCH 12, 13, 16. Slowly increase the differential current by decreasing resistor R2 until the relay operates as indicated by the front plate LED. Record the values of current A1 and A2. Calculate the mean bias using the formula: A2 Mean bias = A1 + amps 2 Use the bias curve Figure 4 for MBCH 12, 13, 16 to determine the theoretical differential current and check that the measured current A2 is within 20% of this theoretical value. Note that for a 5 amp relay (In = 5A) the values of the calculated mean bias have to be divided by 5 before applying the bias curve and the theoretical differential current multiplied by 5 before comparing with the measured current A2. 3.2.5.2 MBCH 13 only Repeat the above test with the third bias coil (terminal 21). 3.2.5.3 MBCH 16 only Repeat the above test with the third to sixth bias coils (terminals 21, 19, 17 and 15 respectively). 3.2.5.4 Reconnect the 2nd bias coil as shown in Figure 3 and adjust the current shown on ammeter A1 to be 1.7 x In for MBCH 12, 13, 16. (Note that for a 5A relay this current may exceed the continuous rating of the variable auto transformer and should therefore be switched on for short durations only). Increase the differential current until the relay operates and check that this value is within 20% of the theoretical value by calculating the mean bias as described in 3.2.5.1 above. 3.2.5.5 Repeat tests 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 3.2.4, and 3.2.5 for the two relays associated with the other phases.

15

3.2.6

Bias interconnection Check that the terminals no 12 on all three phase relays are interconnected using screened leads, the screen connection being made to the dc negative supply (terminal no 14). A suitable screened lead should be provided with each relay. Only two will be required for the interconnection.

3.2.7

Circuit breaker tripping By interconnecting terminal no 10 of all three phase relays, up to six self-resetting changeover contacts can be provided for the three phase tripping of up to six circuit breakers. If this is required, check terminals no 10 are connected together, and check that the relay trip contacts (terminals 1,3 and 2,4) on all three phase relays close as the current injected into a single phase relay (as shown in Figure 1) exceeds the relay setting.

3.2.8

On load tests The object of the on-load tests is to check that the relay is connected correctly to the system. If the relay is protecting a transformer with no tap changer then the differential current could be less than 1% of the load current. However, if the transformer has a tap changer and the CTs are not matched to the transformer, then the normal differential current ,with the tap changer away from the nominal position, could be as much as 20% of the load current. Check that the load current in each bias coil is close to the value which is expected for the particular application. For the MBCH 16 relay particularly, it may be preferable to energize the transformer in different ways to ensure that all connections are satisfactory. Check that the differential current under any of these conditions is within 120% of the load current. The actual figure of differential current depends upon the particular application as stated above. Since the magnetizing current may exceed 5% of rated current for small transformers, and bearing in mind the comments of the above paragraph, it is recommended that the standard setting of the relay should be Is = 0.2 x In. Check that the currents measured in the same bias or differential coils of each phase relay are similar.

3.2.9

Magnetizing inrush test The relay may be tested with a simulated waveform representing magnetizing inrush, by connecting a diode in series with the relay to produce a half wave rectified waveform. With reference to Figure 5, close switches S1 and S2 and set the current to 1 x In (rated current). Check that the relay operates. Open switch S2, close switch S1 and check that the relay does not operate. If it is preferred to test the relay with the magnetizing inrush current of the transformer, it is suggested that the transformer is energized ten times at full rated voltage on no load and checked that the relay does not maloperate.

16

Section 4
4.1

APPLICATION NOTES

General The type MBCH relay is a high speed biased differential relay suitable for the protection of two or three winding power transformers, autotransformers, or generator transformer units. Three versions of the relay are available as follows: Designation MBCH 12 Number of bias inputs 2 Application Two winding transformers or three winding transformers where significant fault infeed can pass through the transformer from one winding only. See Figure 7. Generally three-winding transformers where bias is required from each of the three groups of CTs or; Where a two-winding transformer has one or other of the windings controlled by two circuit breakers as in mesh or one-and-a-half breaker arrangements. See Figure 6. MBCH 16 6 For applications requiring 4, 5, or 6 bias circuits. See Figure 8.

MBCH 13

4.2

Matched line current transformers For optimum performance, the differential scheme should be arranged so that the relay will see rated current when the full load current flows in the protected circuit. Where line current transformers are matched, but secondary current with full load current flowing is less than the relay rated current (as illustrated in Figure 9), the effective sensitivity of the relay will be reduced. The transformer current is 262.4A at 66kV, giving a secondary current of 4.37A from the 300/5A current transformer. For a 20% relay setting, the relay will operate when the differential exceeds 0.2 x 5 = 1A. 1A = 1 4.37 x 100% = 22.9% of transformer full load current.

Thus the effective setting is 22.9% for a relay setting of 20%.

17

4.3

Ratio and phase matching interposing transformers Matching transformers are available for use in cases where the current transformers on one side of the protected transformer do not match, in current ratio or phase angle, with the current transformers on the other side of the protected transformer. The following versions of matching transformer are available: Description Single phase transformer 1/1A Single phase transformer 5/5A Single phase transformer 5/1 Three phase transformer 1/1A Three phase transformer 5/5A Three phase transformer 5/1A Reference No GJ0104 010 GJ0104 020 GJ0104 030 GJ0104 050 GJ0104 060 GJ0104 070

4.3.1

Details of matching transformers The winding details of the three current ratings of the matching transformers are given in the table below and in Figure 10. Number of turns Transformer rating Primary tap terminals 12 23 34 45 56 X 7 78 89 S1 S2 S3 S4 Table 1. Notes on combinations of windings. For star-output windings: It is permissible to use either S1-S2 or S1-S4 (with S2-S3 linked). Where S1-S2 alone is used, the secondary winding S3-S4 is available for formation of an isolated delta connection to prevent zero sequence currents due to external earth faults being seen by the relay. This is for applications where phase correction is not required, but where a zero sequence trap is needed. For delta output windings: S1-S4 (with S1-S3 linked) must be used to obtain optimum protection performance. 1/1A 5 5 5 5 125 25 25 25 125 90 5/1A 1 1 1 1 25 5 5 5 125 90 5/5A 1 1 1 1 25 5 5 5 25 18

18

4.4

Application of matching transformer Where the line current transformer ratios on the two sides of the protected transformer are mutually incompatible, the matching transformer may be used as in the following examples:

4.4.1

Single phase transformer

200/5 A 195 A 780 A 1000/5 A

4.875 A

S1

3.9 A

S2

Matching transformer ratio required = 3.9/4.875. Using secondary windings S1-S2 gives 25 turns. The number of turns required on the input (primary) winding is given by: Is 4.875A Tp = x Ts = 25 x = 31.25 = 31 turns Ip 3.9A 31 turns are available between input winding terminals 47 with terminals 6X linked. 4.4.2 Three phase transformer with unmatched current transformers See Figure 11. 30MVA transformer 11/66kV Delta star 11kV winding: Normal current at 11kV = 30 x 106 3 x 11 x 103 = 1574.6A

Because the 11kV winding is delta connected, the associated current transformers will be star connected and under rated load conditions will give the following current per pilot phase: Is = 1574.6 x 1A 1600 = 0.984A

This current is sufficiently close to the relay rated current (1A) and furthermore requires no phase correction. 66kV winding: Normal current at 66kV = 30 x 106 3 x 66 x 103 = 262.43A

Normally the current transformers associated with the star winding of the main transformer should be connected in delta to provide appropriate phase shift correction. However, since the latter in this case are connected in star the necessary phase correction may be carried out by means of a star delta connected matching transformer.
19

The output current, per phase pilot, of the 300/1A current transformers is given by: Is = 262.43 x 1 300 = 0.875A

This should be adjusted by the interposing transformer so that 0.984A flows into the relay. The windings S1S2, and S3S4 must be used in series as output windings giving (125 + 90) = 215 turns. Primary turns (Tp) required, therefore are given by: Tp = Is/ 3 x Ts Ip 0.984 x 215 3 x 0.875 = 139.6

Primary turns (Tp) = say Tp = 140 turns

ie. connect each phase pilot from the 300/1A current transformers to primary terminal nos. 2 and 6 (see Figure 11 and Table 1). Complete connections to the interposing transformer as given below:
S2 S3 S4 6 P2 6 S4 S2 S3 S4 P2 P2 6 2 P1 C N 2 P1 B 2 P1 A To 66kV line current transformer

A To Relay B C

S1

S1

S2 S3

S1

4.4.3

Three winding transformer An example of the three winding transformer is shown in Figure 13. The voltage and power rating of each winding is indicated. The current transformer ratios are chosen as a function of the winding voltage and power rating of the particular windings with which they are associated. For transformer differential protection matching of current transformers is correct when the CT ratios are determined on a basis of associated winding voltage only. 500kV Winding: Based on 400 MVA the rated current is given: In = 400 x 106 3 x 500 x 103 462 x 5 = 4.62A 500 = 462A

Secondary current from 500/5 current transformers: Is =

The 500/5 star connected CTs are associated with the 500kV star winding, and thus the transition to delta connected secondaries must be made by means of an

20

interposing CT. Output windings S1S2 and S3S4 must be connected in series to give 43 turns, thus: Tp = Is/ 3 Ip x Ts 5 x 43 3 x 4.62 = 26.86 say 27 turns.

Primary turns (Tp) =

Table 1 indicates that primary taps nos. 36 will give 27 turns.

S2 S3 S4 6 P1 6 S4 S2 S3 S4 P1 6 P1 3 P2 C N 3

A To Relay B C

S1

P2

A To 500kV line current transformer

S1

S2 S3

3 P2 B

S1

138kV winding: Based on 400MVA the corresponding current would be: In = 400 x 106 3 x 138 x 103 1674 x 5 1200 = 1674A

Secondary current from 138kV current transformers: Is = = 6.975A say 7A

The 1200/5 star connected line CTs are associated with the 138kV star winding and thus the necessary transition to delta connection must be made by means of an interposing CT. The output windings S1S2 and S3S4 of the interposing transformer must be connected in series to give a total of 43 turns (see Table 1). The number of primary turns (Tp) should be Tp = Is/ 3 Ip x Ts = 5 x 43 = 17.73 say 18T 3 x 7

Table 1 indicates that primary tap nos. 29 should be used, with link 6X removed and terminal 5 connected to terminal X.

21

S1

S2 S3

S4

9 P2 9

2 P1 A To 138kV line current transformer

S1

S2 S3 S4 P2

2 P1 B

S1

S2 S3 S4 P2

2 P1 C N

13.45kV winding: Based on 400 MVA the corresponding current would be: In = NB 400 x 106 3 x 13.45 x 103 = 17170.2A Is = 17170.2 x 5 5000 = 17.17A

In this case the transformer winding (13.45kV) is delta connected, and the associated line current transformers are star connected. There is thus no phase angle compensation required, the associated interposing CT may be star connected and taps selected to reduce the 17.17A output to 5A. 43 x 5 17.17

Using S1S2, and S3S4 in series as output winding, the primary tap becomes: Primary turns (Tp) = Is Ip x Ts Tp = = 12.52 say 13T

Table 1 indicates that primary taps nos. 28 will give 13 turns, with link X5 instead of X6.

A To Relay B C N

S1

S2 S3

S4

8 P2 8

2 P1 A To 13.45kV line current transformer

S1

S2 S3

S4

P2

2 P1 B

S1

S2 S3

S4

8 P2

2 P1 C N

22

Section 5

SETTINGS

When protecting a power transformer, the differential setting should not be less than 20% of the relay rated current, to give stability for moderate transient overfluxing. The maximum spill current with through load current should generally be kept below 20% of relay rated current, allowing for CT mismatch and possible tap changer operation. This may be achieved either by appropriate choice of main line current transformers, or by the use of interposing transformers, as descibed in Section 4. Where higher levels of spill current exist, the relay setting may need to be increased.

23

Suspected faulty module YES Check that auxiliary dc supply voltage and polarity are correct YES Correct ? NO Apply correct dc voltage

YES

Check auxiliary dc current drain YES NO Conclusion: Internal wiring faulty and/or pcb 1, 2 or 3 faulty.

Correct ? YES Isolate auxiliary dc voltage. Remove module from case. Make external connections to module terminal block

YES

Apply correct auxiliary dc voltage. Check internal dc rails YES

Conclusion: Faulty pcb1

NO

Correct ? YES Conclusion: Auxiliary dc circuit appears to be working correctly. YES Is relay operation on magnetising inrush current incorrect.

NO

Follow Flowchart 2

YES Follow Flowchart 6

Flowchart 1
24

Set Is = 0.5 In on relay frontplate. Monitor TP4 YES Inject In into terminals 27 and 28. YES TP4 voltage correct ? YES Monitor tripping contacts YES NO Do tripping contacts close ? YES Is the relay an MBCH 12 version ? YES Follow Flowchart 3 NO Monitor R2. Inject In into terminals 27 and 28. YES R2 voltage correct ? YES Conclusion: faulty pcb1 NO Conclusion: faulty pcb 1, pcb 2 or transformers T1 or T2

Conclusion: faulty pcb1

NO

Follow Flowchart 4

Flowchart 2
25

Link terminals 26 and 27. Inject In into terminals 25 and 28. Monitor TP4. YES

TP4 voltage correct ? YES

NO

Link terminals 24 and 27. Inject In into terminals 23 and 28. YES

Monitor R1. Inject In into terminals 25 and 28.

TP4 voltage correct ? YES

NO

Conclusion: Faulty transformer T3.

YES

Conclusion: Faulty pcb1

NO

R1 voltage correct ?

Conclusion: relay appears to be functioning correctly.

YES

Conclusion: Faulty pcb1, pcb2 or transformer T3.

Flowchart 3
26

Link terminals 26 and 27. Inject In into terminals 25 and 28. Monitor TP4 (Note 3) YES

TP4 voltage correct ? YES

NO

Monitor R1 (Note 6) Inject In into terminals 25 and 28. YES R1 voltage correct ? YES Conclusion: Faulty pcb1

Link terminals 24 and 27. Inject In into terminals 23 and 28 YES TP4 voltage correct ? (note 3) YES Link terminals 22 and 27. Inject In into terminals 21 and 28 YES TP4 voltage correct ? (note 3) YES Is the relay an MBCH 06 version ? YES Follow Flowchart 5

NO

Conclusion: Faulty pcb1, pcb2 or transformer T3

Monitor R1 (Note 6) Inject In into terminals 23 and 28. YES R1 voltage correct ? YES

NO

Conclusion: Faulty pcb1, pcb2 or transformer T4

NO

Conclusion: Faulty pcb1

NO

Monitor R1 (Note 6) Inject In into terminals 21 and 28. YES R1 voltage correct ? YES

NO

Conclusion: Relay appears to be functioning correctly

NO

Conclusion: Faulty pcb1, pcb2 or transformer T5

Conclusion: Faulty pcb1

Flowchart 4
27

Link terminals 2 and 27. Inject In into terminals 19 and 28. YES Monitor R1 Inject In into terminals 19 and 28 YES Conclusion: Faulty pcb1, pcb2 or transformer T6 R1 voltage correct ? (note 3) YES TP4 voltage correct ? (note 3) YES Link terminals 18 and 27. Inject In into terminals 17 and 28 YES TP4 voltage correct ? (note 3) YES Link terminals 16 and 27. Inject In into terminals 15 and 28 YES Monitor R1 inject In into terminals 1 and 28 YES YES Conclusion: Faulty pcb1, pcb2 or transformer T8 NO R1 voltage correct ? (note 6) YES Conclusion: Faulty pcb1 Conclusion: Relay appears to be functioning correctly TP4 voltage correct ? (note 3) R1 voltage correct ? (note 6) YES Conclusion: Faulty pcb1 Conclusion: Faulty pcb1, pcb2 or transformer T7 Monitor R1 inject In into terminals 17 and 28

NO

NO

Conclusion: Faulty pcb1

NO

NO

NO

Flowchart 5
28

Relay trips when magnetizing inrush current flows into the power transformer YES

Monitor R2 (note 4). Inject In into terminals 27 and 28 YES R2 Voltage correct ? YES Monitor TP2 (note 7). Inject 0.5In into terminals 27 and 28 YES TP2 Voltage correct ? YES NO Conclusion: Faulty pcb1 pcb2 or transformer T1 Conclusion: Faulty pcb1, pcb2, or transformers T1 or T2

NO

Conclusion: Faulty pcb1

Flowchart 6
29

MBCH RELAY

bias 25 Overcurrent test set differential 27 28 26

Figure 1

Connections for checking relay settings

MBCH RELAY

bias 25 Overcurrent test set start timer differential 27 28 1 3 2 4 stop timer 26

Figure 2

Connections for checking relay operating time

30

6th bias 16 18 20 1st bias 26 28 ac supply Differential coil 27 A2 22 24 5th bias 4th bias 3rd bias 2nd bias 15 17 19 21 23 MBCH 13, 16 ONLY A1 0100 MBCH 16 ONLY

25

Variable Auto transformer

0100

Figure 3

Connections for checking the bias curve

31

3.0

2.5

Is = 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1

In In In In In

Differential current (Amps x In)

2.0

1.5

32

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Mean bias current (Amps x In)

Figure 4

MBCH 12/13/16 bias curve

MBCH RELAY S2 S1 25 variable auto transformer A ac supply 0100 differential 28 bias 26

27

Figure 5

Connections to the relay to simulate magnetizing inrush current waveform

33

Bias inputs

87

Operating Circuit Relay Type MBCH13

Figure 6

Mesh busbar arrangement requiring three bias inputs to the differential relay
34

Sole infeed

Relay type MBCH 12 Bias winding

87 Operating Circuit

Loads

Figure 7

Three winding transformer one power source

35

Bias Windings

Relay Type MBCH 16

87

Operating circuit

Figure 8

Switchgear arrangement where six bias inputs may be required

36

300/5 A 262.4 A 1574.6 A 1800/2.89 A

30 MVA 66kV/11kV

4.374 A N.E.R.

4.374 A

37
23 25 26 28 27 24 23 25 26 25 24 23 Relay Type MBCH12 Bias Windings 24 28 26 27 28 27

Operating circuit

Figure 9

Example of a 30 MVA transformer with current flow indicated

Primary winding energized from live cts via terminals P1 and P2

1 2 3 5 6 X 7 9 8

38
S1 S2 S3 Output to Relay S4 P1 P2 Note: Winding Separation on terminal nos. 6 not available on earlier models.

Figure 10

Disposition of windings on matching transformer

30 MVA 66kV 11kV / 300/1A 262.43 A 0.875 1574.6 A

1600/1A

0.984

Differential Relay MBCH12 Ratio 0.984 A 0.875 A

39
S1 S4 (link S2 S3)

0.887 tap, ie. P1 P2

2 6

Figure 11

Two winding transformer with unmatched line current transformers

400 MVA/100 MVA/300 MVA 500 kV 1200/5 A 13.45 kV 138 kV

500/5 A

21 22 24 26 28 23 25 27

MBCH 13

40
21 23 25 27

MBCH 13
5000/5 A

22 24 26 28

21 23 25 27

MBCH 13

22 24 26 28

Figure 12

Three winding transformer showing interposing CTs

1 RL11 3 5 23 2 24 25 T3 Output circuits 10 26 Input circuits 13 14 12 1 RL1 2 2 RL12 4 6 Trip output

See following sheets

Case earth

Trip other phases

Vx
Bias (see Note 2) Reset

41
T2 27 DIFF 28 Input circuits T1 CT shorting links make before (b) and (c) disconnect.

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

9 RL21 11 RL2 1 Alarm

17

18

See following sheets

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

Notes: 2. Terminal 12 on each phase assembly should be interconnected by a screened lead GJ0153 001 with the screen connected to terminal 14.

1. (a)

(b)

Short terminals break before (c).

Module terminal block viewed from rear

(c)

Long terminals.

Figure 13

Block diagram: biased differential protection relay Type MBCH12 with two biased inputs

1 21 3 22 23 2 24 25 1 26 T3 13 14 Input circuits 12 Bias (see Note 2) Reset T2 27 DIFF 28 Input circuits T1 RL2 1 9 RL21 11 Alarm Output circuits 10 T4 RL1 2 RL12 4 6 2 T5 5 Trip output RL11 3

See following sheets

Case earth

Trip other phases

Vx

10

42
CT shorting links make before (b) and (c) disconnect. Short terminals break before (c). Long terminals.

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

See following sheets

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

Notes: 2. Terminal 12 on each phase assembly should be interconnected by a screened lead GJ0153 001 with the screen connected to terminal 14.

1. (a)

(b)

Module terminal block viewed from rear

(c)

Figure 14

Block diagram: biased differential protection relay Type MBCH13 with three biased inputs

15 6 16 17 1 T7 RL11 3 5 T6 20 21 3 22 23 2 24 25 1 26 Input circuits Reset 9 T2 27 DIFF 28 Input circuits T1 RL2 1 RL21 11 Alarm T3 T4 T5 Output circuits 10 13 14 12 RL1 2 2 RL12 4 6 Trip output 18 19 4 5 T8

See following sheets

Case earth

Trip other phases

Vx
Bias (see Note 2)

10

43
CT shorting links make before (b) and (c) disconnect. Short terminals break before (c). Long terminals.

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

See following sheets

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

Notes: 2. Terminal 12 on each phase assembly should be interconnected by a screened lead GJ0153 001 with the screen connected to terminal 14.

1. (a)

(b)

Module terminal block viewed from rear

(c)

Figure 15

Block diagram: biased differential protection relay Type MBCH16 with six biased inputs

13 Vx

1 3

14 Phase A

5 2

10

4 6

13

1 3
All output contacts shown are instantaneously initiated for any internal fault condition when terminals No. 10 on each phase unit are connected together as shown. Correct phase indication is maintained.

14 Phase B

5 2

10

4 6

13

1 3

14 Phase C

5 2

10

4 6

Figure 16

Connection for six change-over tripping contacts for three phase tripping of up to six circuit breakers
44

Section 6

COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD

Date _________________________________ Transformer ___________________________

PROTECTION RELAY TYPE MBCH Station _______________________________

Biased Differential Transformer Serial No. _____________________________________________ Relay Model No _______________________ Relay Serial Nos. Phase A__________________ Phase B ___________ Phase C ___________ DC Auxiliary Voltage Vx ___________________ Relay Rated Current In 3.2.2 3.2.3 Measure dc auxiliary voltage Vx __________V Relay settings Is Phase A 0.1 x In 0.2 x In 0.3 x In 0.4 x In 0.5 x In Check trip contacts operate __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ Phase B __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ Phase C __________ A __________ A __________ A __________ A __________ A __________ A __________ A

Check alarm contact operates __________ 3.2.4 Operating Time 3.5 x In 4.5 x In 3.2.5 Bias check (setting 0.2 x In) __________ __________

__________ __________

__________ ms __________ ms

3.2.5.1 Current A1 0.6 x In Measured differential current 3.2.5.4 Current A1 1.7 x In Measured differential current __________ __________ __________ A2 __________ __________ __________ A2

45

3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8

Check bias interconnection _____________________________________________ If required check 3 phase tripping _______________________________________ On load tests Load conditions Measured differential current __________ __________ __________ A

3.2.9

Magnetizing current inrush test _________________________________________

_________________________________ Commissioning Engineer

__________________________________ Customer Witness

_________________________________ Date

__________________________________ Date

46

REPAIR FORM
Please complete this form and return it to ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd with the equipment to be repaired. This form may also be used in the case of application queries.

ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd St. Leonards Works Stafford ST17 4LX, England For: After Sales Service Department ______________________ Model No: ________________________ Serial No: ________________________

Customer Ref:

ALSTOM Contract Ref: ______________________ Date: 1. ______________________

What parameters were in use at the time the fault occurred? AC volts DC volts AC current Frequency _____________ Main VT/Test set _____________ Battery/Power supply _____________ Main CT/Test set _____________

2. 3. 4.

Which type of test was being used? ____________________________________________ Were all the external components fitted where required? (Delete as appropriate.) List the relay settings being used ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Yes/No

5.

What did you expect to happen? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

continued overleaf

47

6.

What did happen? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

7.

When did the fault occur? Instant Time delayed By how long? Yes/No Yes/No ___________ Intermittent Yes/No

(Delete as appropriate).

8.

What indications if any did the relay show? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

9.

Was there any visual damage? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

10. Any other remarks which may be useful: ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________ Signature ______________________________________ Name (in capitals)

_______________________________________ Title _______________________________________ Company name

48

49

50

51

A L S T O M T & D P r o t e c t i o n & C o n t r o l L t d St Leonards Works, Stafford, ST17 4LX England Tel: 44 (0) 1785 223251 Fax: 44 (0) 1785 212232 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.alstom.com
1999 ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd Our policy is one of continuous product development and the right is reserved to supply equipment which may vary from that described.

Publication R8017G

Printed in England.