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    Launching Vehicles & Satellites

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    hussymical123
    This document summarizes a seminar report on launching vehicles and satellites. It discusses the introduction to launching vehicles, the principles of how they work using Newton's third law of motion. It describes the types of launching vehicles classified by propellants and lifespan. It then discusses the physics concepts involved like thrust, impulse and momentum. It provides details on launching vehicles used by ISRO like SLV, ASLV, PSLV and GSLV. It concludes with an overview of satellites, describing their basic parts, orbits, applications and costs, as well as the history of satellite development.

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    Launching Vehicles & Satellites

    Uploaded by

    hussymical123
    8K views34 pages
    This document summarizes a seminar report on launching vehicles and satellites. It discusses the introduction to launching vehicles, the principles of how they work using Newton's third law of motion. It describes the types of launching vehicles classified by propellants and lifespan. It then discusses the physics concepts involved like thrust, impulse and momentum. It provides details on launching vehicles used by ISRO like SLV, ASLV, PSLV and GSLV. It concludes with an overview of satellites, describing their basic parts, orbits, applications and costs, as well as the history of satellite development.

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    This document summarizes a seminar report on launching vehicles and satellites. It discusses the introduction to launching vehicles, the principles of how they work using Newton's third law of motion. It describes the types of launching vehicles classified by propellants and lifespan. It then discusses the physics concepts involved like thrust, impulse and momentum. It provides details on launching vehicles used by ISRO like SLV, ASLV, PSLV and GSLV. It concludes with an overview of satellites, describing their basic parts, orbits, applications and costs, as well as the history of satellite development.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    8K views34 pages

    Launching Vehicles & Satellites

    Uploaded by

    hussymical123
    This document summarizes a seminar report on launching vehicles and satellites. It discusses the introduction to launching vehicles, the principles of how they work using Newton's third law of motion. It describes the types of launching vehicles classified by propellants and lifespan. It then discusses the physics concepts involved like thrust, impulse and momentum. It provides details on launching vehicles used by ISRO like SLV, ASLV, PSLV and GSLV. It concludes with an overview of satellites, describing their basic parts, orbits, applications and costs, as well as the history of satellite development.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    The key takeaways are that launching vehicles are used to launch satellites into stable orbits using rocket propulsion based on Newton's third law of motion. Satellites have various applications like remote sensing, communication, navigation etc.

    Launching vehicles can be classified based on the type of propellants used into solid rockets, liquid rockets and hybrid rockets. They can also be classified based on lifespan as expendable launch vehicles (ELV), reusable launch vehicles (RLV) and single stage to orbit (SSTO) rockets.

    Some of the major launching vehicles recently used by ISRO are SLV, ASLV, PSLV and GSLV. PSLV is commonly used to place satellites in polar orbit while GSLV is used to place satellites in geostationary orbit.

    SEMINAR REPORT ON

    LAUNCHING VEHICLES & SATELLITES


    BY

    RAGHU.R (1ME04ME012)

    CONTENTS
    PART-1: INTRODUCTION TO

    LAUNCHING VEHICLES. PART-2: PRINCIPLE OF LAUNCHING VEHICLES. PART-3: IMPLEMENTATION OF LAUNCHING VEHICLES. PART-4: SATELLITES.

    PART-1

    INTRODUCTION
    Every day satellites are being launched , repaired or retrieved in space. Satellites are very important to the world & it finds its applications in all fields. These satellites are launched by using launching vehicles.

    What is launching vehicle?


    Launching vehicle is a system that is used to launch a satellite into a stable orbit unless two parameters that are uniquely coupled together the velocity vector and the orbital height are simultaneously correct.

    PART-2

    Launching vehicle principle


    It works on the principle of Newtons third law of motion ie., every action has equal and opposite reaction.

    Types of launching vehicles


    Classified based on propellants used:

    1.Solid rockets

    2.Liquid rockets
    3.Hybrid rockets

    It can further be classified based on life span as


    1. ELV 2. RLV 3. SSTO & RLV capability

    Associated physics
    Thrust(Strength of the rocket measured in newtons) Projectile & escape velocity Impulse & momentum

    PART-3

    Launch vehicles recently used by ISRO


    1. 2. 3. 4. SLV ASLV PSLV GSLV

    TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF SLVs LAUNCHED Gross Mass(Kg) SLV3-1 10,800 SLV3-2 4,900 SLV3-3 1,500 SLV3-4 360

    Fuel Mass(Kg)

    8.660

    3.150

    1,060

    260

    Empty Mass(Kg)

    2,140

    1,750

    440

    98

    (Stage FuelMass-Ratio) Motor Fuel-MassRatio Length(m)

    (0.802) 0.851

    (0.643) 0.843

    (0.707) 0.875

    (0.728) 0.847

    10.0

    6.4

    2.3

    1.5

    ASLV (Augmented satellite launch vehicle)


    Development in the traditional SLV Due to incorporation of boosters It consisted of more than one stage.

    GSLV
    It is employed to place satellite in the geostationary orbit First launch April 18th 2001 Telecommunication, environmental monitoring, navigation, remote sensing etc

    Stage 1
    First stage

    Stage 2

    Stage 3
    A typical booster that was used on the GSLV

    PSLV
    Employed to place a satellite in polar orbit Satellites are particularly useful for remote sensing, earth atmospheric conditions

    Stage 1 Nomenclature Core PSI + Strapon PSOM 6Nos. Solid HTPB Based

    Stage 2 PS2

    Stage 3 PS3

    Stage 4 PS4

    Propellant Propellant Mass (tonnes) Stage Mass (tonnes) Max Thrust (kN) Burn time (sec) Stage Dia(m) Stage Length(m)

    Liquid UDMH+ N204

    Solid HTPB Based

    Bi-Prop MMH+ N204

    138.0+6X9.0
    229

    40.6
    46

    7.2
    8.4

    2.0
    2.89

    725 4628+662x6 107.4 45 2.8 1.0 20 10 163 2.8 12.5

    340 76 2.0 3.6

    7.4x2 415 1.3 2.1

    PART-4
    SATELLITES

    What is a satellite?
    A satellite is basically any object that revolves around the planet in a circular orbit or elliptical path purposely to perform a specific mission,

    Important terms associated with satellites


    Path a satellite follows is known as orbit

    Apogee(farthest point from earth) Perigee(nearest point to earth)

    Basic parts of a satellite


    BUS BATTERIES ONBOARD COMPUTER RADIO SYSTEM AND ANTENNA ATTITUDE CONTROL SYSTEM

    How is a satellite launched into the orbit?


    All satellites get into orbit by riding on a rocket or in a space shuttle. For most launches rocket is aimed straight up at first.During first few minutes of the flight rocket generates very large thrust so as to overcome the gravitational force.after it launches straight up inertial guidance system comes into picture.

    Applications of satellites
    Its applications is found in all the fields Weather satellites tiros,cosmos,goes. Communications satellites Insat launched by India Broadcast satellites Scientific satellites Hubble telescope Navigation satellites GPS NAVSTAR Rescue satellites Earth observation satellites landsat satellites Military satellites

    How Much Do Satellites Cost?


    Satellite launches don't always go well, as shown by this story on failed launches in 1999. There is a great deal at stake. For example, this hurricane-watch satellite mission cost $290 million. This missile-warning satellite cost $682 million. Another important factor with satellites is the cost of the launch. According to this report, a satellite launch can cost anywhere between $50 million and $400 million. A shuttle mission pushes toward half a billion dollars (a shuttle mission could easily carry several satellites into orbit). You can see that building a satellite, getting it into orbit and then maintaining it from the ground control facility is a major financial endeavor! Major U.S. satellite firms include: Hughes Ball Aerospace &Technologies Corp. Boeing Lockheed Martin

    What are the different types of satellite orbits?

    Geosynchronous orbit Asynchronous orbit Polar orbit

    History of satellite development

    Pioneers satellites(1957)

    NASA's Syncom programme (1963)

    Early Bird (1965)

    Later communications satellites


    intelsat3

    The Soviet Sputnik satellite was the first to orbit Earth, launched on October 4, 1957.

    Sputnik is a good example of just how simple a satellite can be. As we will see later, today's satellites are generally far more complicated, but the basic idea is a straightforward one. After 92 days, gravity took over and Sputnik burned in Earth's atmosphere. Thirty days after the Sputnik launch, the dog Laika orbited in a half-ton Sputnik satellite with an air supply for the dog. It burned in the atmosphere in April 1958.

    Indian space satellites


    Established in 1983, the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) is the largest domestic communication satellite systems in the Asia Pacific Region with nine satellites in operation. It provides services in telecommunication, television broadcasting, meteorology including disaster warning, teleeducation and telemedicine. The system has 175 transponders at present for communication services besides meteorological instruments (Very High Resolution Radiometer and Charged Coupled Device (CCD) cameras) for providing meteorological data. .

    ISRO's latest satellite, INSAT-4B, was successfully launched on (March 12, 2007) by the European Ariane5 ECA launch vehicle of Arianespace. The 3,025 kg INSAT-4B is the second satellite in the INSAT-4 series. An identical satellite, INSAT-4A, was launched by Ariane-5 on December 22, 2005. INSAT-4B will further augment the INSAT capacity for Direct-To-Home (DTH) television services and other communication and TV services.

    Indian space satellites


    Aryabhata, the first Indian space satellite, was launched for India on April 19, 1975 Later, Bhaskara-I, an Earth Indian observation satellite, launched for India on June 7. 1979 India launched its own satellite for the first time on July 18, 1980. It was the Rohini-1 satellite carried aloft on a Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV) rocket from the Sriharikota Island launch site. Since then, India has invested a great deal of its space development work in complex applications satellites. The nation's two main interests are satellites for remote sensing and communications used for weather pictures, disaster warnings and feeds to 552 television

    Aryabhata

    Rohini

    India's Technology Experiment Satellite (TES) was launched on October 22, 2001, aboard a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C3) from Sriharikota to a 350-mL-high orbit.

    ISRO image of India's Technology Experiment Satellite

    The 2,440-lb. satellite tested new payload technologies, ranging from communications to remote sensing. It carried a panchromatic camera for Earth-imaging.

    NAVSTAR GPS SATELLITE

    Each of these 3,000- to 4,000-pound solar-powered satellites circles the globe at about 12,000 miles (19,300 km), making two complete rotations every day. The orbits are arranged so that at any time, anywhere on Earth, there are at least four satellites "visible" in the sky.

    Hubble space telescope


    In 1975, the European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA began developing the space telescope. In 1977, Congress approved funds for the space telescope, and NASA named Lockheed Martin Aerospace Company as the prime contractor to oversee its construction. In 1983, the space telescope was named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, whose observations of variable stars in distant galaxies confirmed that the universe was expanding and gave support to the "Big Bang" theory. The "Eskimo" Nebula (NGC2392)

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