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Oracle SQL Query

The document demonstrates how to create tables with various constraints in Oracle SQL including: 1) Creating a table with NOT NULL constraints on specific columns to prevent NULL values. 2) Creating UNIQUE constraints on single columns and composite columns to enforce uniqueness. 3) Creating PRIMARY KEY constraints on single columns and composite columns to uniquely identify rows and enforce uniqueness. 4) Examples of inserting data that violates constraints and the resulting errors.

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bhaskar1234567
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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45 views

Oracle SQL Query

The document demonstrates how to create tables with various constraints in Oracle SQL including: 1) Creating a table with NOT NULL constraints on specific columns to prevent NULL values. 2) Creating UNIQUE constraints on single columns and composite columns to enforce uniqueness. 3) Creating PRIMARY KEY constraints on single columns and composite columns to uniquely identify rows and enforce uniqueness. 4) Examples of inserting data that violates constraints and the resulting errors.

Uploaded by

bhaskar1234567
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL> cl scr SQL> 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 CREATE TABLE Sample01NN ( SampID NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT Sample01NN_SampID_NN NOT NULL, SampName VARCHAR2(10) CONSTRAINT

Sample01NN_SampName_NN NOT NULL, SampDate DATE );

Table created. SQL> DESC Sample01NN Name ----------------------------------------SAMPID SAMPNAME SAMPDATE SQL> INSERT INTO Sample01NN 2 VALUES(10, 'SAMPLE10', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample01NN 2 VALUES(NULL, 'SAMPLE10', SYSDATE); VALUES(NULL, 'SAMPLE10', SYSDATE) * ERROR at line 2: ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."SAMPLE01NN"."SAMPID") SQL> INSERT INTO Sample01NN 2 VALUES(11, NULL, SYSDATE); VALUES(11, NULL, SYSDATE) * ERROR at line 2: ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."SAMPLE01NN"."SAMPNAME") SQL> INSERT INTO Sample01NN 2 VALUES(11, 'SAMPLE11', NULL); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample01NN 2 VALUES(NULL, NULL, SYSDATE); VALUES(NULL, NULL, SYSDATE) * ERROR at line 2: ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."SAMPLE01NN"."SAMPID") SQL> cl scr SQL> 2 3 4 CREATE TABLE Sample01UNQ ( SampID NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT Sample01UNQ_SampID_UNQ UNIQUE, Null? -------NOT NULL NOT NULL Type ---------------------------NUMBER(2) VARCHAR2(10) DATE

5 SampName VARCHAR2(10), 6 SampDate DATE 7 ); Table created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample01UNQ 2 VALUES(1, 'SAMPLE01', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample01UNQ 2 VALUES(2, 'SAMPLE02', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample01UNQ 2 VALUES(1, 'SAMPLE03', SYSDATE); INSERT INTO Sample01UNQ * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.SAMPLE01UNQ_SAMPID_UNQ) violated SQL> ed Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 2* SQL> 2 INSERT INTO Sample01UNQ VALUES(1, 'SAMPLE03', SYSDATE) INSERT INTO Sample01UNQ VALUES(NULL, 'SAMPLE03', SYSDATE);

1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample01UNQ 2 VALUES(NULL, 'SAMPLE04', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> cl scr SQL> ed Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8* SQL> CREATE TABLE Sample02UNQ ( SampID NUMBER(2), SampName VARCHAR2(10), SampDate DATE, CONSTRAINT Sample02UNQ_SampID_UNQ UNIQUE(SampID) ) /

Table created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample02UNQ 2 VALUES(1, 'SAMPLE01', SYSDATE); 1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO Sample02UNQ 2 VALUES(1, 'SAMPLE01', SYSDATE); INSERT INTO Sample02UNQ * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.SAMPLE02UNQ_SAMPID_UNQ) violated SQL> cl scr SQL> ed Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8* SQL> CREATE TABLE Sample03UNQ ( SampID NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT Sample03UNQ_SampID_UNQ UNIQUE, SampName VARCHAR2(10) CONSTRAINT Sample03UNQ_SampName_UNQ UNIQUE, SampDate DATE ) /

Table created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample03UNQ 2 VALUES(1, 'SAMPLE01', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample03UNQ 2 VALUES(2, 'SAMPLE02', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample03UNQ 2 VALUES(2, 'SAMPLE03', SYSDATE); INSERT INTO Sample03UNQ * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.SAMPLE03UNQ_SAMPID_UNQ) violated SQL> INSERT INTO Sample03UNQ 2 VALUES(3, 'SAMPLE02', SYSDATE); INSERT INTO Sample03UNQ * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.SAMPLE03UNQ_SAMPNAME_UNQ) violated SQL> ed Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 CREATE TABLE Sample04UNQ 2 ( 3 SampID NUMBER(2), 4 SampName VARCHAR2(10), 5 SampDate DATE,

6 CONSTRAINT Sample04UNQ_SampID_UNQ 7 UNIQUE(SampID) 8 CONSTRAINT Sample04UNQ_SampName_UNQ 9 UNIQUE(SampName) 10* ) SQL> / CONSTRAINT Sample04UNQ_SampName_UNQ * ERROR at line 8: ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis SQL> ed Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10* SQL> CREATE TABLE Sample04UNQ ( SampID NUMBER(2), SampName VARCHAR2(10), SampDate DATE, CONSTRAINT Sample04UNQ_SampID_UNQ UNIQUE(SampID), CONSTRAINT Sample04UNQ_SampName_UNQ UNIQUE(SampName) ) /

Table created. SQL> ed Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8* SQL> CREATE TABLE Sample05UNQ ( SampID NUMBER(2), SampName VARCHAR2(10), SampDate DATE, CONSTRAINT Sample05UNQ_SampIDName_UNQ UNIQUE(SampID, SampName) ) /

Table created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample05UNQ 2 VALUES(1, 'SAMPLE01', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample05UNQ 2 VALUES(2, 'SAMPLE02', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample05UNQ 2 VALUES(2, 'SAMPLE03', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample05UNQ

2 VALUES(3, 'SAMPLE03', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> R 1 INSERT INTO Sample05UNQ 2* VALUES(3, 'SAMPLE03', SYSDATE) INSERT INTO Sample05UNQ * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.SAMPLE05UNQ_SAMPIDNAME_UNQ) violated SQL> cl scr SQL> INSERT INTO Sample05UNQ 2 VALUES(NULL, 'SAMPLE04', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample05UNQ 2 VALUES(NULL, 'SAMPLE05', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample05UNQ 2 VALUES(NULL, 'SAMPLE05', SYSDATE); INSERT INTO Sample05UNQ * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.SAMPLE05UNQ_SAMPIDNAME_UNQ) violated SQL> cl scr SQL> 2 3 4 5 6 7 CREATE TABLE Sample01PK ( SampID NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT Sample01PK_SampId_PK PRIMARY KEY, SampName VARCHAR2(10), SampDate DATE );

Table created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample01PK 2 VALUES(1, 'SAMPLe01', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample01PK 2 VALUES(1, 'SAMPLe01', SYSDATE); INSERT INTO Sample01PK * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.SAMPLE01PK_SAMPID_PK) violated SQL> INSERT INTO Sample01PK 2 VALUES(NULL, 'SAMPLe01', SYSDATE);

VALUES(NULL, 'SAMPLe01', SYSDATE) * ERROR at line 2: ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."SAMPLE01PK"."SAMPID") SQL> cl scr SQL> ed Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9* SQL> CREATE TABLE Sample02PK ( SampID NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT Sample02PK_SampId_PK PRIMARY KEY, SampName VARCHAR2(10) CONSTRAINT Sample02PK_SampName_NN NOT NULL CONSTRAINT Sample02PK_SampName_UNQ UNIQUE, SampDate DATE ) /

Table created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample02PK 2 VALUES(1, 'SAMPLE01', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample02PK 2 VALUES(1, 'SAMPLE02', SYSDATE); INSERT INTO Sample02PK * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.SAMPLE02PK_SAMPID_PK) violated SQL> cl scr SQL> ed Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 CREATE TABLE Sample03PK 2 ( 3 SampID NUMBER(2) 4 CONSTRAINT Sample03PK_SampId_PK PRIMARY KEY, 5 SampName VARCHAR2(10) 6 CONSTRAINT Sample03PK_SampName_PK PRIMARY KEY, 7 SampDate DATE 8* ) SQL> / CONSTRAINT Sample03PK_SampName_PK PRIMARY KEY, * ERROR at line 6: ORA-02260: table can have only one primary key SQL> ed Wrote file afiedt.buf

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8* SQL>

CREATE TABLE Sample03PK ( SampID NUMBER(2), SampName VARCHAR2(10), SampDate DATE, CONSTRAINT Sample03PK_SampId_PK PRIMARY KEY(SampID, SampName) ) /

Table created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample03PK 2 VALUES(1, 'SAMPLE01', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample03PK 2 VALUES(1, 'SAMPLE02', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO Sample03PK 2 VALUES(2, 'SAMPLE02', SYSDATE); 1 row created. SQL> SPOOL OFF

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