Scribd
Upload
41 views11 pages

Projection F Point N Lines

The document provides notations and guidelines for naming views in orthographic projections. It explains that the top, front, and side views of an object are denoted by the letters a, a', and a" respectively for a point A. It also introduces the quadrant system for understanding how the views of a point placed in different quadrants will appear. Examples are given to illustrate how the front and top views of a point are drawn in the same plane for different quadrants. The document further discusses the projections of lines, planes, and solids by projecting their constituent points and joining them. It provides examples of projecting straight lines in different orientations.

Uploaded by

Mathew Varghese
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views11 pages

Projection F Point N Lines

The document provides notations and guidelines for naming views in orthographic projections. It explains that the top, front, and side views of an object are denoted by the letters a, a', and a" respectively for a point A. It also introduces the quadrant system for understanding how the views of a point placed in different quadrants will appear. Examples are given to illustrate how the front and top views of a point are drawn in the same plane for different quadrants. The document further discusses the projections of lines, planes, and solids by projecting their constituent points and joining them. It provides examples of projecting straight lines in different orientations.

Uploaded by

Mathew Varghese
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

NOTATIONS

FOLLOWING NOTATIONS SHOULD BE FOLLOWED WHILE NAMEING DIFFERENT VIEWS IN ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS. OBJECT ITS TOP VIEW ITS FRONT VIEW ITS SIDE VIEW POINT A a a a LINE AB ab a b a b

VP
2nd Quad. 1ST Quad.

Observer

X Y
X

HP

3rd Quad.

4th Quad.

THIS QUADRANT PATTERN, IF OBSERVED ALONG X-Y LINE ( IN RED ARROW DIRECTION) WILL EXACTLY APPEAR AS SHOWN ON RIGHT SIDE AND HENCE, IT IS FURTHER USED TO UNDERSTAND ILLUSTRATION PROPERLLY.

Point A is Placed In different quadrants and its Fv & Tv are brought in same plane for Observer to see clearly. Fv is visible as t is a view on VP. But as Tv is a view on Hp, t is rotated downward 900, n clockwise Direction (in 1st quadrant).The n front part of Hp comes below xy line.

POINT A IN 2ND QUADRANT A

VP a

VP a

POINT A IN 1ST QUADRANT A

a
HP HP
OBSERVER OBSERVER

a
HP
OBSERVER

HP

OBSERVER

The HP behind the Vp is also rotated clockwise, and herefore comes above the xy ine.

A POINT A IN 3RD QUADRANT VP

a a A POINT A IN 4TH QUADRANT

Observe and note the process.

VP

Convention: Horizontal plane is always rotated clockwise

PROJECTIONS OF A POINT IN THE 4 QUADRANTS


VP P HP PF PT HP PT PT: TOP VIEW POINT IN 1st QUADRANT HP VP VP P PF VP

HP
POINT IN 2nd QUADRANT

PF: FRONT VIEW


POINT IN 3rd QUADRANT

POINT IN 4th QUADRANT PT

HP

HP
VP PF P

HP

HP PT

VP

PF
4

VP

VP

How you will draw on the sheet


PF PT PF

x
PT

POINT IN 2nd QUADRANT

POINT IN 1st QUADRANT

PT

PT: TOP VIEW

x
PT PF

PF: FRONT VIEW


PF POINT IN 3rd QUADRANT

POINT IN 4th QUADRANT

PROJECTIONS OF A POINT IN FIRST QUADRANT.


POINT A ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP
For Tv

POINT A ABOVE HP & IN VP


For Tv

POINT A IN HP & INFRONT OF VP

For Tv

A
Y Y

A
Y

a a
X X

a A

ORTHOGRAPHIC PRESENTATIONS OF ALL ABOVE CASES. Fv above xy, Tv below xy. Fv above xy, Tv on xy. Fv on xy, Tv below xy.

VP a
X Y X

VP a a
Y X

VP

a HP HP HP

a
6

Projection of lines, planes, solids


Line consists of 2 points Plane consists of 3 or more points Solid consists of more than 3 points Therefore in order to project lines, planes and solids, we need to project their corresponding points and join them

PROJECTIONS OF STRAIGHT LINES.


AIM:- TO DRAW ITS PROJECTIONS - FV & TV. INFORMATION REGARDING A LINE: ITS LENGTH, POSITION OF ITS ENDS WITH HP & VP ITS INCLINATIONS WITH HP & VP SIMPLE CASES OF THE LINE 1. A VERTICAL LINE ( LINE PERPENDICULAR TO HP & // TO VP)

2.
3. 4. 5.

LINE PARALLEL TO BOTH HP & VP.


LINE INCLINED TO HP & PARALLEL TO VP. LINE INCLINED TO VP & PARALLEL TO HP. LINE INCLINED TO BOTH HP & VP.
8

For Tv

Orthographic Pattern
Note: Fv is a vertical line Showing True Length & Tv is a point. X

(Pictorial Presentation)
a A FV b

V.P.
Fv

1.

A Line perpendicular to Hp & // to Vp

b Y

Y B TV a b

Tv a b

H.P. Orthographic Pattern


(Pictorial Presentation)
2.
b B a A Y
For Tv

A Line // to Hp & // to Vp
X

Note: Fv & Tv both are // to xy & both show T. L. X

V.P.
a Fv b

Y a Tv

b a

H.P.
9

3.

True Length

b B a

Fv inclined to xy Tv parallel to xy.

V.P.
b a Y

A Line inclined to Hp and parallel to Vp


(Pictorial presentation)
X

Y A

X
b

T.V.

H.P.
Orthographic Projections

4.

Tv inclined to xy Fv parallel to xy.


b a A

V.P.
a Fv b

A Line inclined to Vp and parallel to Hp


(Pictorial presentation)

X a

Tv b

True Length

H.P.

10

For Tv
5.

For Tv

b
B

A Line inclined to both Hp and Vp (Pictorial presentation)


On removal of object i.e. Line AB Fv as a image on Vp. Tv as a image on Hp,
X

B
Y

a A
X

a A

T.V.

b
V.P.
b

T.V.

NOTE: and are NOT the true angles (inclinations) of the line with the planes
Orthographic Projections Fv is seen on Vp clearly.

FV a X Y Note These Facts:Both Fv & Tv are inclined to xy. (No view is parallel to xy) Both Fv & Tv are reduced lengths. (No view shows True Length) b
11

To see Tv clearly, HP is rotated 900 downwards,


Hence it comes below xy.

TV

H.P.

You might also like