The efficiency catalyst

Computers An Overview of Computers and Systems

Lesson 1: Introduction to Computers
What is a computer?

dEI;wVj lax.kd %& dEI;wVj ,d bysDVkWfud fMokbZ~l gS tks MkVk ;k buQksesZ'ku dks
xzg.k djrk gS rFkk ;wtj ds funsZ'kksa ds vuqlkj izkslsl djds mldk fjtYV iznku
djrk gS A
Data Processing Cycle

bl izfdz;k esa ;wtj ds }kjk tks funsZ'k fn;s tkrs gS mlds vuqlkj dEI;wVj MsVk dks
iqu% O;ofLFkr djrk gS A
;g nks izdkj ds gksrs gS %&
1. Input process cycle

2.

Out put process cycle

The Input-process-Output(I-P-O) Cycle

?
Input Process

buiqV izfdz;k ds }kjk MkVk dks dEI;wVj esa Hkstk tkrk gS ftldk mi;ksx vkxs
izkslsflax ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gS buiqV fMokbZl dbZ izdkj ds gksrs gS tSls
dh&cksMZ] Ldsuj vkfn A
?
Output Process

vkmViqV izfdz;k og izfdz;k gksrh gS ftls ge ns[k Hkh ldrs gS vkSj Nw Hkh
ldrs gSa blds fy;s vkmViqV fMokbl dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA tSls fizaVj]
ekWuhVj vkfnA
Features and benefits of computer
Characteristic of Computer :-

dEI;wVj dh fo'ks"krk, fuEufyf[kr gSa &

1- LihM %& dEI;wVj ,d cgqr gh QkLV fMokbZ~l gSA ;g dqN gh lsdsaM esa dbZ yk[k
&3
lk/kkj.k dSYdqys'ku dks dj ldrk gS A dEI;wVj dh LihM dks feyh lsdaM 10 ]
&6
&9
ekbZks lsdsaM 10 ] uSuks lsdsaM 10 esa ekik tkrk gS A
2- ,D;wjslh ;k 'kq)rk %& dEI;wVj dh ,D;wjslh cgqr T;knk gksrh gS] ;g viuk dke
fcuk fdlh xYkrhs ds djrk gS rFkk bldh ,D;wjslh 100 izfr'kr gksrh gS A
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The efficiency catalyst

3- vkVkses'ku ;k Lopkyu %& dEI;wVj viuk lkjk dke yxHkx Lopkfyr :i ls

djrk gS ysfdu Lopkyd dk dEI;wVj ds fy, ,d fof'k"V vFkZ gSA dEI;wVj
dSYdqys'ku djrs le; dqN ykWftdy vkWijs'ku~l Hkh djrk gS A
4- High Storage Capacity ;k laxzg {kerk %& dEI;wVj flLVe dh MkVk LVksj
djus dh {kerk cgqr vf/kd gksrh gSA dEI;wVj yk[kksa ist ds cjkcj esVj dks cgqr
de txg esa LVksj djds j[k ldrk gS A ;g lHkh izdkj ds MkVk dks LVksj djds j[k
ldrk gS A
tSls %& 1- fiDpj
2- izksxzkEl
3- xsEl
4- lkm.M
bUgsa dbZ o"kksZa rd LVksj djds j[kk tk ldrk gS rFkk ;wtj LVksj dh xbZ phtksa
dks dHkh Hkh lsd.M~l ds vanj izkIr dj ldrk gS rFkk mls mi;ksx dj ldrk gS A
Hardware vs. Software
Hardware :Computer hardware dks nks Hkkxksa esa ckaVk x;k gS A
1. CPU
2. Peripherals

Input/output Devices
Input Devices :- Input Devices dk iz;ksx dEI;wVj esa dksbZ Hkh tkudkjh buiqV

djus ds fy;s iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS A dEI;wVj es buiqV ;wfuV ds :i es fuEufyf[kr

fMokblsl iz;ksx dh tkrh gS
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.

Keyboard
Scanner
Optical Mark Reader
Joystick
Touch Screen

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

14

Mouse
Optical Character Reader
Light Pen
Bar Code Reader
Digital Camera

The efficiency catalyst

11.
13.

Digitizing Tablet
MICR

12.
14.

Trackball
Voice Recognition

Software:-

izzksxzke ;k bUQkWjes'ku dk lewg ftuds }kjk fdlh dk;ZZ dks gy fd;k tkrk gS vkSj
ftUgs flQZ ns[k ldrs gS Nq ugha ldrs mudks lkWVos;j dgrs gSA lkWVos;j dks 3
Hkkxkas es foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA
1) System software

2) Application software

3) Utility software

1) System Software

;g] os lkWVos;j gS tks flLVe ds fy, dk;Z djrs gSA ;k ftuds }kjk flLVe vkWijsV
djok, tkrs gSA vksijsfVaa a x flLVe dks gh flLVe lkWVos;j dgrs gSA bu lkWVos;j
ds cxSj dEI;wVj dk;Z ugha dj ldrk gSA D;ksfd ;g dEI;wVj dh eseksjh esustesa aV
dks vkWijsV djrk gSA flLVe ds vUnj lkWVos;j dks esust djrk gS vkSj ;qtj dks
dk;Z djus ds fy, ,Uok;jesUV nsrk gSA vkt fofHkUu izdkj ds vkWijsfVax flLVe
ekStwn gS ftudk mi;ksx vyx vyx {ks=ks es muds eqrkfcd gksrk gSA mnkgj.k Dos,
Windows, Linux, bR;kfn A
2 . Application software

;g lkWVos;j fdlh VkLd dks gy djus ds fy;s cuk;k x;k gS A

Application software, System software ds ij dke djrk gSA tSls ,e-,loMZ] ,Dly vkfn A Application software dEI;wVj ysaXost esa cuk;k tkrk gS A tSls
C, C++,VB .
3. Utility software

;g lkWVos;j vkWijsafVax flLVe ds lkFk dk;Z djus ds fy;s cuk;s x;s gSA cgqr ls
izksxzke igys ls dEI;wVj esa jgrs gS tSls scandisk,compiler,interpreter vkfn A ;g
dEI;wVj dks esaUVsu djus ds dke esa vkrs gSA tSls ,aVhok;jl gVkuk A
Human ware:- tks dk;Z euq"; }kjk fyf[kr :i ls fd;k tkrk gS mls Human
ware dgk tkrk gS A
How to start up and shut down the computer
Electric cksMZ esa CPU rFkk Monitor ds Power Cable dks yxk;s vkSj Switch (On) pkyw

djsaA CPU bdkbZ es rFkk Monitor ij bl rjg dk cVu fn[kkbZ nsxk A ml cVu
------dks izsl djsasA Press djusa ds i'pkr vkidks CPU rFkk Monitor pkyw gksrk gqvk
fn[kkbZ nsxkA
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cwV djus ds fy, dEI;wVj ds fy, :dks D;ksafd ;g ^^ Ldzhu dk vkjafHkd cwV gS A

:dks tc rd lc dqN Icon Ldzhu ij uk vk tk, A

daI;wVj dks cna djus ds fy, %

Start cVu ij fDyd djsa A Start esuw
fn[kkbZ nsxkA Start esuw ds Rignt esCurser dks ysdj tk;sa vkSj Shutdown
cVu ij fDyd djsa ,slk djus ij dEI;wVj
lgh rjhds ls can gks tk;sxk A

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Lesson 2: Basic Classification of Computers

What are the different types of computers that are basically available
in an office and at home

,d flLVe esa tc dEI;wVj] ;wtj vkSj lkWQ~Vos;j vkil esa feydj dk;Z djrs gS rks
mls dEI;wVj flLVe dgk tkrk gS A
futh dEI;wVj (The Personal Computer)
vktdy iz;ksx gksus okyk vR;ar yksdfiz; izdkj dk Computer, personel
computer ;k ih lh (PC) dgykrk gS A Personel computer og computer gS tks
,d le; esa ,d gh O;fDr }kjk iz;ksx djus ;ksX; cuk;k x;k gSa A
Personel computers dks nks eq[; oxksZa esa ckWaVk tk ldrk gS vFkkZr fLFkj
(stationary Computers ) vkSj portable computers A Stationary computers
esa MsLdVki (Desktop) vkSj Vkoj (Tower) computers gSa A Portable computers
esa ySiVkWIl (Laptops), gS.MgsYM (Handheld) computers vkSj VscysV ih lh
(Tablet PCs) 'kkfey gSa A

MsLdVkWi ,oa Vkoj (Desktop and Towers)

Desktop computers dks vDlj MsLd (desk) ;k (table) ij j[kk tkrk gS blfy,
mldk uke desktop iM+k gS A

ySiVkWIl ,oa uksVcqDl (Laptops and Notebooks)

Laptops computer NksVs portable computers gSa ftudk otu dqN fdyksxzke gSa A
vk/kqfud laptops dks vDlj muds NksVs vkdkj ds dkj.k notebook computers dgk

tkrk gS A
VscysV ih lh (Tablet PC)
Tablet PC ,d izdkj dk notebook computer gSa A og miHkksDrk dks fo'ks"k dye

dk mi;ksx djds insZ ij uksV~l fy[kus dh vuqefr nsrk gSA

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The efficiency catalyst

Lesson 3: The Computer Model

Block diagram of a computer
Central Processing Unit
Memory
INPUT
UNIT

Control Unit

OUTPUT
UNIT

AlU

CPU, input unit ls lwpuk ysrk gS vkSj mlh ds vk/kkj ij izfdz;k djrk gS A
1. ALU :- Computer cM+h la[;k dh x.kuk dj ldrk gS tSls& tksM+uk] /kVkuk]

xq.kk] Hkkx A
2. CU :- ;g dEI;wVj ds vkarfjd Hkkx dks daVksy djrk gS bls ge dEI;wVj dk
Nerves system Hkh dgrs gSA ;g dEI;wVj flLVe dks O;ofLFkr vkSj fu;af=r
djrk gSa
3. Input unit :- ;g ,d ;a= gS tks e'khu vkSj ;wtj ds chp laca/k LFkkfir djrk gSA
;g binary electronics signal ( O & 1 ) Eks flXuy dks cnyrk gS A
4. Output unit :- ;g fjtYV dks n'kkZrk gS A vkmViqV] lhih;w ls vkrk gS vkSj ;g
User language esa vkmViqV dks n'kkZrk gS A
Components of a Computer System Memory
;g dEI;wVj dk lcls egRoiw.kZ ikVZ gSA blds cxSj dEI;wVj dksbZ Hkh dk;Z ugha dj ldrk
gSA bl ikVZ dks dEI;wVj czsu Hkh dgk tkrk gSA eseksjh dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k
gSA
1) Primary memory
2) Secondary memory
Internal Storage :- Internal storage dks izkbejh LVksjst (Primary Storage) Hkh
dgk tkrk gS ;g main memory gksrh gS tks fd process djus ds fy, MkVk vkSj
funsZ'k dks laxzg.k djrk gS A Primary memory dss varxZr RAM vkSj ROM
Memory vkrh gS A
MEMORY
INTERNAL / PRIMARY

EXTERNAL/
SECONDARY

ROM

FLOPPY DISK

RAM
DRAM

SRAM

PROM

EPROM

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EEPROM

HARD DISK

MEMORY
INTERNAL / PRIMARY

EXTERNAL/
SECONDARY

ROM

FLOPPY DISK

RAM
DRAM

SRAM

PROM

EPROM

EEPROM

The efficiency catalyst

HARD DISK

CD ROM

Primary Memory :- ;g eseksjh dEI;wVj dh egRoiw.kZ eseksjh gSa A bl eseksjh ds

}kjk gh dEI;wVj LVkVZ gksrk gSA bl eseksjh ds vUnj dEI;wVj ds LVkVZ gksus dh iwjh
fof/k fy[kh jgrh gSA bl eseksjh dks oksysVkby vkSj ukWuoksysVkby esa foHkkftr fd;k
x;k gSA
Volatile :- oksysVkby dks vLFkkbZ eseksjh dgk tkrk gSA bl eseksjh dk MkVk vius
vki [kRe gks tkrk gSA blds vanj fdlh bUQksesZ'ku dks LVksj ugh dj ldrs gSaA
oksysVkby eseksjh ds vUrxZr jse eseksjh vkrh gSA
RAM ( Random Access Memory) :- jse eseksjh] dE;wVj dks] dk;Z djus ds
fy;s txg izksokbM djkrk gSA dEI;wVj dk ikoj vkWu djus ij ;g eseksjh dk;Z djuk
izkjaHk dj nsrh gS vkSj fLop can djus ij ;g dk;Z djuk can dj nssrh gSA
Non-Volatile Memory :- ;g ,d LFkk;h eseksjh gSA ;g eseksjh vius vanj
bUQksesZ'ku dks LFkk;h :i ls LVksj djrh gSA
Types of Rom :1) PROM [Programable Read Only Memory: -bl eseksjh ds vanj fy[ks gq;s

izksxzke dks fMyhV o ekWMhQkbZ djus dh lqfo/kk ugha jgrh gS exj u;s izksxzke blds
vUnj fy[ks tk ldrs gSaA
2) EPROM [Erasable Programable Read Only Memory] :- blds vanj
fy[ks gq;s izksxzke dks fMyhV dj ldrs gSa] ekWMhQkbZ dj ldrs gSa vkSj u;s izksxzke
fy[k Hkh ldrs gSaA
3) EEPROM [Electrically Erasable Programable Read Only Memory] :-

blds vanj fy[ks gq;s izksxzke dks bysfDVd flXuy ds }kjk fMyhV djok;k tkrk gS
vkSj u;s izksxzke Hkh fy[k ldrs gSa A
Cache Memory : - bls cQj eseksjh Hkh dgk tkrk gSA baVjusV ,Iyhds'ku esa bldk
mi;ksx vf/kd gksrk gS tks fd VsEizsjh Qkby dks LVksj djrk gSA blls dEI;wVj dh
LihM Hkh c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA
External Storage :- External storage dks Secondary memory dgk tkrk gS
tks fd LFkkbZ eseksjh gksrh gSA Secondary memory esa vko';d MkVk vkSj izksxzkEl
dks LVksj djds j[kk tk ldrk gSA
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The efficiency catalyst

Secondary memory
Hard Disk
Hard Disk lcls T;knk mi;ksx gksus okyh LVksjst fMokbZl gS A ;g fMokbZl jsaMe
,Dlsl fMokbZl Hkh dgykrh gSA blesa dgha ls Hkh bUQksesZ'ku dks i<+k tk ldrk gS
vkSj dgha ij Hkh fy[kk tk ldrk gSA
Printers, Scanners, Multi-functional Printer

fizaVj ,d vkmViqV fMokb~Zl gS tks tkudkjh dks dkxt ij fizaV djrk gS A ;g dEI;wVj
}kjk fd;s tk jgs dk;ksZ dk ifj.kke Hkh fizaV djrk gSaA fiazVj nks rjg ds gksrs gSA
1- bEisDV fizaVj
2- ukWu bEisDV fizaVj
bEisDV fizaVj %& tks fizaVj hammer technology dks] fizafVax ds fy;s mi;ksx djrs
gS] oks bEisDV fizaVj dgykrs gSA blesa inked ribbon dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA
ukWu bEisDV fizaVj %& bl fizaVj esa hammer technology dk mi;ksx ugha gksrk gSA
blesa dkxt vkSj fufMy ds chp dksbZ laca/k ugha gksrkA bl rjg ds fizaVj ukWu bEisDV
fizaVj dgykrs gSA
Scanner :- ;g fMokbl QksVks dkWih e'khu dh rjg gSA blds }kjk fdlh Hkh
xzkfQdy best ;k MkVk dh MqIyhdsV dkWih rS;kj dj ldrs gSaA
CD, DVD, USB Drives (Flash / Pen Drives)
CD Poly Carbonate (plastic) dk cuk gksrk gS ftlesa /kkrq dh ,d ;k vf/kd ijrsa
gksrh gSaA bu ij Electronic i)fr ls fjdkWfMax dj Audio,Text,Video rFkk vU;
tkudkjh dks Digital :i esa j[kk tk ldrk gSA vko';drk gksus ij bls play back

fd;k tk ldrk gSA

CD ROM (Compact Disc Read Memory )
CD-Rom Drives rst rFkk lLRkh gS bl dkj.k dbZ lkVos;j vktdy CD-Rom ij
gh fn;s tkrs gSA dbZ izksxzke tSls dh fiDpjsa] xsEl vkfn lh/ks CD-Rom ls gh pyk;s
tkrs gSaA
CD-R Compact Disc, Recordable write once,read many (WORM) izdkj dk
CD format gS ftlesa CD ij ,d ckj fjdkWMZ fd;k tk ldrk gSA
CD-RW Compact Disc,rewriteable og CD format gS ftl esa fMLd ij
ckj&ckj fjdkWMZ fd;k tk ldrk gSA CD-RW drives fdlh Hkh izdkj dh CD i<+
ldrh gS rFkk CD-RW fMLd dks jkbV dj ldrh gS A
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DVD :
Digital versatile Disc ,slh vkWfIVdy fMLd VsDukWyksth gS tks CD audio rFkk CDROM Disc dh txg ys ldrh gS DVD esa 2 Side gksrh gSaA izR;sd esa 4.7 GB vk
ldrk gSA bldh {kerk CD Rom ls 28 xq.kk vf/kd gksrh gSA
DVD ds 5 recordable formats gSaA
1. DVD-R for general

2. DVD-R for authoring

3. DVD-RAM

4. DVD-RW

5. DVD+RW

USB :
USB ysk Mkbo dks Pen drive Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bUgsa vDlj ,d gh mn~ns; ds
fy, mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blls igys USB ds :Ik esa ykWih fMLd FksA ;g NksVs]
rst ,oa dbZ xquk vf/kd {kerk ds gS vkSj vf/kd fVdk Hkh gSaA bl ot; ls
fooluh; gSaA

UPS,Generators :

,d uninterruptible fctyh dh vkiwfrZ;wih,l eq[; :i ls dEI;wVj ds ekeys esa

Hkkxksa ds fy, ,d cSdvi 'kfDr ds L=ksr dks iznku fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ;wih,l ds
:i eas Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA UPS dks cSVjh cSdvi uninterruptible 'kfDr dk L=ksr
Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
Generator :

fctyh mRiknu esa bysfDVd tujsVj ,d ;qfDr gSA fo|qr tkZ esa ;akf=d tkZ
/kekZUrfjr gS] ;kaf=d tkZZ esa fo|qr tkZ dk fjolZ :ikarj.k ,d eksVj }kjk fd;k
tkrk gSA eksVlZ vkSj tujsVj esa dbZ lekurk,a gSA

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Lesson 4: Input and Output Devices

Mouse, keyboards, printers, scanners, external drives
Keyboard :- Keyboard ,d Standard input device gSA bldk iz;ksx

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

6.

dEI;wVj es eq[; buiqV fMokbl ds :i es fd;k tkrk gS A

Mouse :- ;g fMokbl th-;w-vkbZ- ,Iyhds'ku ds mij dk;Z djus ds fy;s cuk;h
xbZ gS A
Printer fizaVj ,d vkmViqV fMokb~Zl gS tks tkudkjh dks dkxt ij fizaV djrk gS A
Scanner :- ;g fMokbl QksVks dkWih e'khu dh rjg gSA blds }kjk fdlh Hkh
xzkfQdy best ;k MkVk dh MqIyhdsV dkWih rS;kj dj ldrs gSaA
Light Pen :- ;g ,d Qzh gS.M jkbZfVax isu gS] bl isu dks ;wtj vius gkFk ds
eqrkfcd pyk ldrk gSA
Voice recognition :- ;g Hkh ,d buiqV fMokbZl gS blds }kjk cksy dj MkVk
dks Mkyk tk ldrk gS exj blds fy;s ekbZks Qksu dh vko';drk iM+rh gS
D;ksafd voice ds flx~uy ,ukykWx ds :i esa gksrs gSa vkSj ekbZksQksu ds }kjk bu
flx~uy dks fMftVy esa ifjofrZr dj fn;k tkrk gSA
Digital Camera :- bl fMokbl
Z ds }kjk dEI;Vwj ds vnaj QkVsks dks Mky ldrs gAaS
Web Camera :- ;g ,d xzkfQdy buiqV fMokbZl gSA blds }kjk ge fdlh Hkh
QksVks dks dEI;wVj ds vanj Mky ldrs gSaA
Bar Code Reader :- ;g ,d Lis'ky fMokbZl gS A blds }kjk ckj Bar Code
dks jhM djk;k tkrk gSA ckj dksM ds vanj vkbZVe dk esuqQSDpfjax uEcj o
vkbZVe dksM uEcj Nqik jgrk gSA
Joy Stick :- Joy Stick dks eSftd fLVd Hkh dgk tkrk gSA vkt bl fMokbZ~l
dk mi;ksx dEI;wVj esa ugha fd;k tkrk gSA

Using a mouse (single and double click and their functions)

Basic parts
ekml GUI (Graghical user inter face) vk/kkfjr flLVe dk eq[; Input Device

gSaA ekml esa ,d jcj dh xsan mlds uhps Hkkx esa jgrh gS rFkk gYdh lh ckgj fudyh
jgrh gSA tc ge ekml fgykrs gSa] rks ekml ds vanj dh xsan ?kwerh gS rFkk dEI;wVj
dks ikbaVj fgykus gsrq fn'kk funsZ'k nsrh gSA ekml dks fgykus ij Ldzhu dk ikbaVj Hkh
lkFk gh esa fgyrk gSA ,d ckj ekml dk mi;qDr txg ij igqWapk nsus ij ge ekml
ds cVu ds dekaM pyk ldrs gSaA ekml ds }kjk ge dEI;wVj dks MsVk ij dqN dk;Z
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The efficiency catalyst

djus dk vkns'k nsrs gSA ekml ds mij nks ;k vf/kd cVu gksrs gSaA ftuls ge lsysD'ku
ij dqN dk;Z djus dks dgrs gSA ck;sa gkFk ls vH;LRk Users ekml dks vius ck;sa
gkFk ds fglkc ls <ky ldrs gSaA

ekml dk mi;ksx
ekml ij viuk gkFk jsLV djkrs gq;s
ge ekml dks vius vaxwBs rFkk nks
nk;ha vaxqfy;ksa ls fgyk ldrs gSA
ckdh nks vaxqfy;k ekml ds cVu
nckus esa dke vkrh gSA ekml }kjk
ge nks dk;Z dj ldrs gS %&
fDyd %& ekml ds cVu dks nckuk
rFkk mls NksM+ nsuk A
MCky fDyd %& ekml ds cVu dks nckuk rFkk mls nks ckj tYnh&tYnh ls NksM+uk A
ge vkerkSj ij ekml ij nks cVu ns[krs gS %&
cka;k cVu %& ;g T;knk iz;ksx esa vkrk gSA ;s cVu MsVk rFkk Text dks lsysDV djrk
gS] funsZ'k dk ikyu djrk gS vkSj MsVk dks pykus esa enn djrk gSA blds }kjk User
dksbZ oLrq fo'ks"k ij fDyd djds mls lsysDV dj ysrk gSA vxys dne esa nks Rofjr
fDyd vFkkZr~ Mcy fDyd ls dqN fo'ks"k dne mBk;k tk;sxk A mnkgj.k ds fy,]
foUMkst esa ,e-,l-oMZ (MS-Word) dh Qkby dks Mcy fDyd djus ij ,e-,l-oMZ
[kqy tkrk gS rFkk mlesa lsysDVsM Qkby utj vk tkrh gSA
nka;k cVu %& ;s cVu ck;sa cVu ds eqdkcys de iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS gkykfd
bldk Hkh viuk egRo gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] dksbZ osc ist ns[krs gq;s ge fdlh fp=
ij nk;k cVu nck ldrs gSaA blds ,d Pop-Up uhps ls mBrk gqvk esU;q feysxk
ftlds }kjk ge ml fp= dks vius dEI;wVj esa fjdkMZ dj ldrs gSa A ,sls esU;q dks
ge Pop-Up, Right-Click ;k Context Sensitive lanHkZ&vk/kkfjr esU;q dgrs gSA
Context Sensitive Menu ges'kk cnyrs jgrk gS A gesa utj vkus ckyk esU;q bl
ij fuHkZj djrk gSA fd geus Ldzhu ds fdl fgLls esa nk;k cVu nck;k FkkA ekml dh
dk;Ziz.kkyh dks ge fp= ds }kjk ,sls le>k ldrs gS %&
dqN fuekZrk ekml esa rhljk cVu Hkh nsrs gSa ftlls dqN vfrfjDr {kerk,sa izkIr gks
tkrh gSaA
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Their uses
1.

Keyboard :- blds n~okjk dEI;wVj es dksbZ Hkh Information dks vklkuh ls

Hkstk tk ldrk gSA

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Mouse :- GUI (Graphical User Interface) dk mi;ksx Mkabx cukus ds

fy;s ;k igys ls fy[kh xbZ dek.M dks ju djokus ds fy;s mi;ksx esa yk;h
tkrh gSA
Printer :- ;g dEI;wVj }kjk fd;s tk jgs dk;ksZ dk ifj.kke Hkh fizaV djrk gSaA
Scanner :- blds }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;k fjtYV lh/ks dEI;wVj ds vanj LVksj
gksrk gS] tcfd QksVksdkih e'khu ls rS;kj fd;k x;k fjtYV isij ij fizUV
gksrk gSA
Light Pen :- bldk mi;ksx flxuspj djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA ;g isu
lh-ih-;w- ls dusDV jgrk gSA bl isu dks ekWuhVj dh Lhu ij pyk;k tk
ldrk gSSA
Digital Camera :- ;g dSejk dEI;wVj ds lkFk Hkh pyk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj
cxSj dEI;wVj ds Hkh pyk;k tk ldrk gSA
Web Camera :- bldk lcls T;knk mi;ksx baVjusV esa fd;k tkrk gSA bl
dSejk dks vku ykbZu dSejk Hkh dgrs gSaA D;ksafd bl dSejs ds lkeus gksus
okyh xfrfof/k;ksa dks dEI;wVj ds vanj LVksj djrk gSA
Bar Code Reader :- ckj dksM jhMj fMokbZl ls Bar Code dks jhM djus ds
ckn ;g irk dj ldrs gSa fd izksMDV vksfjtuy gS ;k MqIyhdsV gS A
Joy Stick :- bl fMokbZl esa ,d MUMh jgrh gS ftldks xkM+h ds xs;j dh
rjg pkjksa vksj ?kqek ldrs gSaA bl MUMh dks ?kqekus ls Lhu ij ekml
IokbUVj ?kwerk Fkk exj vc bldh txg ekml dk mi;ksx gksus yxk gSA

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The efficiency catalyst

Lesson 5 : Basics of Networking Devices

Switches,LAN Cables
Switches

;fn vkids ikl cgqr lkjs dEI;wVj ,d ,fj;k esa

j[ks gSa vkSj lcdks ,d Qkby 'ks;j djuh gS ;k
lHkh dks bUVjusV ls dusDV djuk gS rks bldk
dksbZ eryc ugha dh lcdks vyx&vyx bUVjusV
dusD'ku fn;k tk;s blfy, Networking fLop
,d ,slk fMokbl gS tks vkidks dEI;wVj ds chp
esa Network cukrk gS ftlls dh vki lkjs
fjlksZl ,d lkFk 'ks;j dj ldrs gSaA
LAN Cables

ySu dscYl dEI;wVj usVodZ esa

;wl dh tkrh gSaA T;knkrj ySu
dscYl dks UTP (Unshielded
Twisted Pair) dgk tkrk gSA\
Their role in computer networking

;w,lch dusDVj ;wfuolZy

lhfj;y cl bu fnuksa lHkh
izdkj dh phtksa ds fy,
bLrseky fd;s tk jgs gSaA
vius
ekml]
vius
dqathiVy] ,d fMftVy
dSejk ds fy, dscy] ;gka
rd fd viuh USB Mkbo ds
fy, Hkh budk iz;ksx fd;k
tk jgk gSA

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bl rLohj esa vki ,d

PS/2 ckbZ vksj dusD'ku
vkS j
,d
;w , lch
dusD'ku nkbZ vksj ds
lkFk ,d u;k vkSj ,d
iqjkus ekml ns[k ldrs gSa
vki vius dEI;wVj ds
lkFk Hkh 'kSyh ekml dk
mi;ksx dj ldrs gSaA

ohfM;ks dscy vDlj

MhohMh Iys;j vkSj Vhoh ls
dusDV fd;k tkrk gSA

SVGA
,d LFky ls
vkids ekfuVj vkSj
dEI;wVj dks ,d lkFk
tksM+rk gSA

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Lesson 6 : Setting Up Your PC

How to connect each component of the computer to make it function

eksfuVj dscy dks fofM;ks iksVZ esa yxk;sa

dhcksM~lZ Iyx buVw PS2 vksj USB iksVZ

ekl Iyx buVw USB iksVZ

usVodZ dscy dks dusDV djsa

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bZFkjusV dscy izksokbM~l usVofdZax

Iyx ou ,aM vkQ nh bZFkjusV dscy buVw nh
dEI;wVj usVodZ ,aM nh vnj ,aM buVw nh gc
vkSj jkmVj

LihdlZ dks lkaM dkMZ esa yxk;sa

Processes to follow before beginning to work and after completion of

work

viuk U.P.S. dks vkWu djus ds

ckn dEI;wVj ,aM eksfuVj dks vksu
dhft, tks dh igys ls U.P.S. ls
tqM+k gksuk pkfg,A
1- bysfDVd ls tqMs+ lkjs dWEiksusUV
vkSj ,fyesaV dks vkWu dhft,A
2- dqN iy bartkj dhft,] rkfd
ekWuhVj fn[kus ds yk;d gksA
3- blds ckn ge dEI;wVj ij
dk;Z dj ldrs gSaA
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Shutting Down the Computer

uksfVl % MkVk ykWl dks jksdus ds fy,] vkidks vius dEI;wVj dks LVkVZ esuw ds }kjk
'kV Mkmu djuk gksxkA
1-

igys ls [kqyh gqbZ lkjh Qkby dks lgh rjhds ls Dykst djuk t:jh gSA

2-

LVkVZ cVu ds ij fDyd djus ds ckn VuZ vkWQ dEI;wVj ij fDyd djuk
iM+sxkA

3-

mlds ckn VuZ vkWQ ij fDyd djksA

uksfVl % vius eksfuVj dks vkWQ djus ds lkFk&lkFk dEI;wVj ls tqM+s gq, gj
fMokbZl dks Hkh can djsaA

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Lesson 7: Basic Concept of Memory

What is computer memory

;g dEI;wVj dk lcls egRoiw.kZ ikVZ gSA blds cxSj dEI;wVj dksbZ Hkh dk;Z ugha dj
ldrk gSA bl ikVZ dks dEI;wVj czsu Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
Define Bits, Bytes, KB, MB etc.
Smallest unit of Bit (Binary Digit) 0, 1 ls fy[kk tkrk gSA
Decimal Number 1, 2, 3... 9
8 bits

1 byte (1 Character)

1024 bytes

1 Kilo byte (KB)

1024 KB

1 Mega byte (MB)

1024 MB

1 Giga byte (GB)

1024 GB

1 Tera byte (TB)

Types of Computer memory

eseksjh dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA

1) Primary memory
2) Secondary memory

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Lesson 8: Introduction to Storage Devices

Why storage devices needed for a computer
External storage dks Secondary memory dgk tkrk gS tks fd LFkkbZ eseksjh gksrh
gSA Secondary memory esa vko';d MkVk vkSj izksxzkEl dks LVksj djds j[kk tk

ldrk gSA
Hard Disk
Hard Disk lcls T;knk mi;ksx gksus okyh LVksjst fMokbZl gSA ;g fMokbZl jsaMe

,Dlsl fMokbZl Hkh dgykrh gSA blesa dgha ls Hkh bUQksesZ'ku dks i<+k tk ldrk gS
vkSj dgha ij Hkh fy[kk tk ldrk gSA ;g fMokbZl ,Y;qfefu;e dh ckWMh ls iSd jgrh
gSA blds vanj fMLd vkSj gsM nksuksa yxs jgrs gSaA bldh LVksjst {kerk yxHkx 80
th-ch- dh gksrh gSA
Types of storage devices
Internal Storage :- Internal storage dks izkbejh LVksjst (Primary Storage) Hkh
dgk tkrk gSA ;g main memory gksrh gS tks fd process djus ds fy, MkVk vkSj
funsZ'k dks laxzg.k djrk gSA primary memory ds varxZr RAM vkSj ROM
Memory vkrh gSA
Primary Memory :- ;g eseksjh dEI;wVj dh egRoiw.kZ eseksjh gSA bl eseksjh ds
}kjk gh dEI;wVj LVkVZ gksrk gSA bl eseksjh ds vUnj dEI;wVj ds LVkVZ gksus dh iwjh
fof/k fy[kh jgrh gSA bl eseksjh dks oksysVkby vkSj uksuoksysVkby esa foHkkftr fd;k
x;k gSA
Volatile :- oksysVkby dks vLFkkbZ eseksjh dgk tkrk gSA bl eseksjh dk MkVk vius

vki [kRe gks tkrk gSA blds vanj fdlh bUQksesZ'ku dks LVksj ugha dj ldrs gSA
oksysVkby eseksjh ds vUrxZr jse eseksjh vkrh gSA
RAM (Random Access Memory):- jse eseksjh] dEI;wVj dks] dk;Z djus ds

fy;s txg izksokbM djkrk gSA dEI;wVj dk ikoj vkWu djus ij ;g eseksjh dk;Z djuk
izkjaHk dj nsrh gS vkSj fLop can djus ij ;g dk;Z djuk can dj nsrh gSA
Non-Volatile Memory :- ;g ,d LFkk;h eseksjh gSA ;g eseksjh vius vanj

bUQksesZ'ku dks LFkk;h :i ls LVksj j[krh gSA jkse uke dh eseksjh dks uksuoksysVkbZy
eseksjh dgrs gSA
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Lesson 9: Basics of Physical Security

Need of physical security

flLVe ds MkVk dks lqjf{kr j[kuk cgqr egRoiw.kZ gksrk gS] ftlds fy;s vyx&vyx
izdkj ds mik; fd;s tkrs gSA blds fy;s ;wtj ,dkmaV cuk;k tkrk gSA blds fy,
;wtj use vkSj ikloMZ fn;k tkrk gS vkSj MkVk dks dksbZ gkfu u igqaps blds fy,
,aVhok;jl lkVos;j baLVkWy fd;k tkrk gS] ftlls gekjk MkVk lqjf{kr jgrk gSA
Identifying various security measures
Protection from Virus

dEI;wVj ok;jl og gksrk gS tks fd dEI;wVj dh eseksjh esa fLFkr lHkh izksxzkeksa vFkok
MkVk ;k bUQkesZ'ku dks vius lae.k ls izHkkfor djrk gS A ftl izdkj euq"; ds
'kjhj esa ok;jl buQsD'ku ;k ok;jy Qhoj gksus ij gekjs 'kjhj esa ok;jl iwjs 'kjhj
ds vanj QSy tkrs gSa vkSj gekjs 'kjhj dks vusdksa rjhdksa ls uqdlku igqapkrs gSa oSls gh
dEI;wVj ok;jl dEI;wVj dh vkarfjd dk;Z iz.kkyh dks izHkkfor djrs gSA tSls ok;jl
gekjs 'kjhj esa cgqr rst xfr ls c<+rs gSa oSls gh dEI;wVj esa buds c<+us dh xfr dkQh
rst gksrh gS vkSj iwjs dEI;wVj esa vklkuh ls QSy tkrs gSaA

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Computers - Operating System

Lesson 10: Introduction to Operating System
Defining OS
Operating System (O.S.) ,slk flLVe lkWVos;j gS tks dEI;wVj esa gksus okys lHkh

vkWijs'ku rFkk QaD'ku dks eSust djrk gS ;k ;wtj dks dk;Z djus ds fy;s ,d
environment provide djrk gS rFkk ;g ;wtj vkSj e'khu ds chp baVjQsl dk dk;Z
djrk gSA O.S. Comptuer System dk ,d egRoiw.kZ ,oa vko';d dEiksusaV gS
ftldk eq[; mn~ns'; dEI;wVj dks lqfo/kktud cukuk rFkk blds gkMZos;j dk dq'ky
mi;ksx djuk gSA ;g dEI;wVj flLVe ds fjlkslsZl dks vjsat djds j[kus okyk ,d
lkWVos;j gS tks eseksjh izkslslj] buiqV@vkmViqV fMokbl rFkk flLVe QkbZy tSls
fjlkslsZl dks eSust djrk gSA
Basic types of Operating Systems with their examples

vkWijsfVax flLVe ds mnkgj.k

ekbkslkWV foaMkst vkWijsfVax dk LokfeRo gS
bldk lcls vf/kd O;fDrxr mi;ksx dEI;wVj
ij fd;k tkrk gSA

;wfuDl vkSj ;wfuDl tSls vkWijsfVax flLVe

(Unix) ;wfuDl dh rjg flLVe e'khu
architecture dh ,d foLr`r fofo/krk ij pyrs

gSa ;s Hkkjh dkjksckj esa loZjksa ds fy, mi;ksx

fd;k tkrk gS] lkFk gh 'kS{kf.kd vkSj bathfu;fjax
ds okrkoj.k esa Hkh budk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

eSd vks,l ,Dl (MAC

OSX)

Macinetosh Computers ds fy, Mac OS

Operating system dk uohure laLdj.k
MAC OSX gSA blds nks eq[; parts gksrs gSa%
Darwin rFkk ,d [kqyk lzksr tks fd Unix dh
rjg gS] rFkk BSD Source tree vkSj Mach
microkernel i;kZoj.k ij vk/kkfjr gSA
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Lesson 11: Getting Familiar with the Windows Interface

How to start
Windows vista fofHkUu software applications dks pykus ds fy, ,d IysVQkeZ
dk dke djrk gSA ,d ,fIyds'ku dks 'kq: djus ds fy,] Taskbar esa start button
ij fDyd djsa A Start menu fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA mlesa Program dks 'kq: djuk] Qkby
dks open djuk] computer fd settings esa ifjorZu djuk] Qkby dks search
djuk vkSj Windows Vista ij lgk;rk ikus ds fy, commands jgrh gSA
Different shut down options, such as restart, standby, shut down,
etc.

vkidk l= lekIr gksrk gS Windows can gks tkrk gSA

Explaining Desktop and its elements, such as icons, Recycle Bin, My
Documents, etc.
Windows - VISTA dks start djus ds ckn lcls igyh tks cM+h Lhu vkrh gS mls
MsLdVkWi dgrs gSa ;s Windows-VISTA dk eq[; ist gksrk gSA MsLdVkWi ij tks
symbols fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa og vkb~du dgykrs gSA blds varxZr taskbar, windows,
icons, file vkSj folder dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA MsLdVkWi esa rhu rjg ds vkbdu

fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA

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1. Folder

2. File

3. Shortcut

Files and folders :- File dks LVksj djus ds fy, QksYMj dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS A
Windows-VISTA esa QksYMj cukuk cgqr vklku gksrk gSA ge text, image vkSj
Music File dks QksYMj ds vanj j[k ldrs gSA ftudk uke My Documents, My
Picture, My Music gksrk gSA QksYMj dks ge directory Hkh dgrs gSa] bldk mi;ksx
File, Sub Folder vkSj Shortcut vkfn dks j[kus esa fd;k tkrk gSA MsLdVkWi esa

fMLiys gksus okys QksYMj nks rjg ds gksrs gSa &

1. System Folder

2. Normal Folder

System Folder :- System Folder og QksYMj gksrs gSa ftUgsa u rks ge cuk

ldrs gSa vkSj u feVk ldrs gSa ;s Windows-VISTA esa igys ls cus gq, gksrs gSa
ftlesa fofHkUu izdkj ds mi;ksxh izksxzkEl dks j[kk tkrk gS dqN eq[; system
folders bl izdkj gSa &
1. My Computer

2. My Documents

3. Recycle Bin

My Computer :- Computer esa lHkh fMOkbZl vkSj fMLd My Computer ds

vkbdu ij fDyd djus ij izkIr gksrs gSaA Explorer Program windows dks nks Hkkx
esa ckWVrs gSa ftls panes dgrs gSaA left pane esa ls ge ,d ckj esa ,d gh QksYMj dks
select dj ldrs gSaA
My Documents :- bl flLVe QksYMj dk mi;ksx vyx&vyx rjg dh
computer files dks store djus esa fd;k tkrk gS blesa vyx&vyx QkbZy vkSj

QksYMj fd fyLV fMLiys gksrh gSA

Recycle Bin :- bldk mi;ksx ge delete fd;s x;s QkbZy vkSj QksYMj dks j[kus esa

djrs gSa blds }kjk ge delete fd;s x;s vkbVe~l dks iqu% izkIr Hkh dj ldrs gSA
bls izkIr djus ds fuEu LVsIl gSa & Recycle bin dks [kksysxsaA
1- ml Qkby ij fDyd djsaxs ftls iqu% izkIr djuk gSA
2- QkbZy ehuw ij fDyd djsaxs vkSj restore option dks flysDV djsaxsA
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Shortcuts: Shortcuts, icons gksrs gSa tks fd Desktop ij fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa budh

lgk;rk ls fdlh Hkh application vFkok file dks open fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Shortcuts create djus ds fy, fuEu steps dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
1. Desktop ij right click djus ls shortcut menu appear gksrk gSA
2. bl izdkj shortcut menu ls new option dks select djds shortcut
option dks select fd;k

tk ldrk gSA

3. blls ,d dialogue box open gksrk gSA bl izdkj open dialogue box ls
browse button dks select djds ml application dks flysDV djrs gSa ftldk
shortcut create djuk gSA
4. var esa usDLV cVu ij fDyd djds finish option dks flysDV djrs gS

ftlls flysDVSM application dk 'kkWVZdV cu tkrk gSA

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Lesson 12 : Working with Windows

Launching an application and closing an application

fdlh Hkh ,Iyhds'ku dks open djus ds fy, fuEu pj.k dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS &
1.

Start button ij fDyd djrs gSA

2- blds ckn all program option ij fDyd djrs gS ftlls ,d program

group list open gksrh gSA
3- bl izdkj vksiu program group list ls ml ,Iyhds'ku dks flysDV djrs gSa
ftldks vksiu djuk gS A
Example :
Start -> All programs -> Accessories -> Paint

foUMkst ds lkFk dke djuk

(Working with Windows)

ftl izdkj vki table ij

,d le; esa dbZ iqLrd j[k
ldrs gSa mlh izdkj ,d gh
le; esa desktop ij dbZ
Windows j[k ldrs gSA vki
Windows dks minimize,
maximize, mldk size
cnyuk] mls move djuk
vkSj mls can dj ldrs gSaA

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foUMks ds Hkkx (Parts of a Window)

Windows ds fofHkUu Hkkx title bar, menu bar, toolbar vkSj Minimize,
Maximize vkSj Close buttons gSA ;s VwYl (tools) window vkSj mlds vo;oksa dks
izcaf/kr djus esa iz;ksx gksrs gSaA
?
Windows ds ij dk
bar, title bar dgykrk gSA
Window dk uke Window ds
ckb vksj ds dksus esa izdV gksrk
gSA
?
Minimize, Maximize vkSj
Close buttons title bar ds
ij nkbZ vksj ds dksus esa
mifLFkr gSA ;s rhu buttons
window dks resize ;k Close
djus ds fy, gksrk gSA Title
bar ds uhps dk bar, menu
bar dgykrk gSA Menu bar
commands dh lwph iznf'kZr
djrk gS tks fofHkUu dk;Z djus
ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA Menu esa Commands dks menu items dgrs gSA
?
Toolbar esa vDlj iz;ksx gksus okys commands ds fy, buttons dh ,d set
gksrh gSA
Files and folder structures, and drives
Working with Disks, Drives and Folders QkbYl vkSj QksYMlZ pquuk
(Selecting Files and Folders)
tc vki ,d folder ij fDyd djrs gSa rks og uhys jax esa highlight gksrk gSA ;g bls
ladsr djrk gS fd] og folder select fd;k x;k gSA

QkbYl vkSj QksYMlZ dks dkWih vkSj ewo djuk (Copy and move files and folders)
1. Windows Explorer esa] files ;k folders ftUgsa vki copy djuk pkgrs gSa mUgsa
select djsaA
2. Home tab esa clipboard group ls copy option ij fDyd djsaA
Clipboard esa vkids }kjk Cut ;k copy fd;k x;k MkVk vLFkkbZ :i ls LVksj
jgrk gSA
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3- ml location dks select djsa tgk ij vki file or folder paste djuk pkgrs gSa
vkSj Home tab esa clipboard group ls paste option ij fDyd djsaA
Note:- Files dks fuEu rjhds ls Hkh Copy dj ldrs gSa A
1. Select fd;s x;s files dks right-click djsaA
2. Shortcut menu esa Copy option ij fDyd djsaA
3. Destination ij tkdj right click djsaA
4. Shortcut menu esa paste option ij fDyd djsa A
Copying / moving files between folders and drives

vf/kdka'k dkWih vkSj LFkkukarfjr djus ds fy, Qkbysa [khaph vkSj MkWi dh tkrh gS]
Qkby ;k QksYMj vki ys tkuk pkgrs gSa ml ij Right Click djsa vkSj copy ij
Single Click djsa rFkk ogka ij Paste djsaA rc Q+ksYMj [kksysa tgk vki bls ys
tkuk pkgrs gSa vkSj ogka ij Paste djsaA igys Q+ksYMj ls nwljs Q+ksYMj esa Qkby ;k
Q+ksYMj dks [khaps] bl Process ls Hkh Qkby Copy gks tk;sxhA
To copy or move a file, drag it from one folder to another

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Searching, Finding files and folders

tc vki Qkby dk file name ;kn ugha j[k ikrs gSa] vki Windows Vista esa File
locate djus ds fy, search command dk mi;ksx dj ldrs gSaA
File ;k Folder dks search djuk
1. Windows Explorer esa] toolbar ij fLFkr search button ij fDyd djsaA
2.
All files and folders option ij fDyd djsaA
3ckbZ pane esa vki ftl file ;k folder dks search djuk pkgrs gSa mldk
uke Type djsaA
4Search button ij fDyd djsaA
5nkbZ pane esa search dk ifj.kke fn[kkbZ nsxk mlesa ls vki viuh file ;k
Folder dks double click djds open dj ldrs gSaA
Renaming, Deleting files and folders

lcls igys] QksYMj tgk Q+kby ;k QksYMj laxzghr gS] dks usfoxsV djus ds fy, lgh
Qkby@QksYMj ij fDyd djsaA
Your menu may vary, we have pointed out 3
options:
1. Copy - bl option ij fDyd djus ij file or
folder dks memory esa dkih dj ldrs gSaA vki
file or folder ij right click dj copy dks select
djsa rFkk ml folder ij tk dj ds paste option
dks select djsa tgk ij vkidks file pkfg,A
2. Delete - bl option ls file or folder dks Delete

dj ldrs gSaA
3. Rename - bl option ls file or folder ds uke
dks cny ldrs gSaA rFkk Rename option ls file dks u;k uke ns ldrs gSaA
Understanding the Task bar
Taskbar :- Desktop esa lcls uhps tks ckj fn[kkbZ nsrk gS mls VkLdckj dgrs gSA
VkLdckj esa start button gksrk gS vkSj notification area gksrk gSA notification area
esa ge clock vkSj nwljs vkbdu dks ns[k ldrs gSaA blds vykok lHkh py jgh

xfrfof/k;ksa dks Hkh ns[k ldrs gSaA

Application Icon

Notification Icon

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Start menu :- tc ge Windows-VISTA dks start djrs gSa rks ;s vius vki gh vk
tkrk gSA start menu ij vkus ds fy, ge VkLd ckj esa miyC/k start button ij
fDyd djrs gSaA Windows-VISTA esa dke djus ds fy, lHkh vko';d izksxzkEl dks
start menu ds varxZr 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA
Start menu taskbar esa uhps ckb vksj dksus esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ;s izksxzke dh fyLV
dks fn[kkrk gSA Program group esa fDyd djsaxs rc ,d sub program dh fyLV
fn[kkbZ nsrh gS izksxzke fyLV ls ge fdlh Hkh software dks flysDV dj ldrs gSa tks
computer esa install ugha gSA
Minimizing, Maximizing, Resizing and Closing Windows
foUMks dks esDlhekbl djuk (Maximizing a Window)

vxj vki ,d Window ds vo;oksa dks full screen mode esa ns[kuk pkgrs gSa rks mls
esDlhekbl (maximize) djus ds fy, Maximize button ij fDyd djsaA
foUMks dks feuhekbl djuk (Minimizing a Window)
vxj vki ,d Window ij vLFkk;h :i ls dke can djuk pkgrs gS rks title bar ij
Minimize button ij fDyd djds mls minimize dj ldrs gSaA
foUMks dks jhlkbt djuk (Resizing a Window)
Window ds size dks c<k+us ;k ?kVkus ds fy, vki Window dks resize dj ldrs gaS A
Window dks resize djus ds fy, %
1. Window ds fdlh ,d dksus dh vksj point djsaA Mouse pointer doubleheaded arrow esa ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA Resize fd, tkus okys side ;k dksus
ds vk/kkj ij arrow bu pkj arrows () esa ls fdlh ,d arrow esa cny tk;sxkA
2. Pointer dks ij ;k uhps dh rjQ [khpsa A vki ftl fn'kk esa [khapsxs mlds
vk/kkj ij Window dk size c<+sxk ;k ?kVsxkA
foUMks dks can djuk (closing a window)
Title bar ij close button ij fDyd djds vki window dks can dj ldrs gSaA
Taskbar-Setting up / changing date and time
For Vista:

?kM+h dh dk;ZiV~Vh ij fDyd djsa] fQj ekg vkSj fnu dks lsV djsa ;k fQj Date &
Time Set djus ds Option ij fDyd djsa vkSj Date & Time Set djsaA
41

The efficiency catalyst

MS Word
Lesson 13 : Introduction to Word
What is Microsoft Word

bl lkWVos;j dh lgk;rk ls vki ,sls MkWD;wesUV ;k nLrkost cuk ldrs gSa tks ns[kus
esa vR;ar vkd"kZd vkSj izksQs'kuy yqd fy;s gksrs gSA oMZ ds bl u;s laLdj.k esa dbZ
cnyko fd;s x;s gSa ftudh otg ls ;g lkWVos;j vius fiNys laLdj.kksa ls T;knk
csgrj ifj.kke nsus esa l{ke gks x;k gSA
Why it is used

?
oMZ ds bl u;s laLdj.k esa ,d u;k fjtYV vksfj;sUVsM baVjQsl gS tks blds VwYl
dks ,d u;s QS'ku esa Li"V :i ls ec) djds vko';drk iM+us ij iz;ksx ds
fy;s izLrqr djrk gSA
?
oMZ ds bl u;s laLdj.k esa vuqeku yxkus dh {kerk dks tksM+k x;k gS] bldh
otg ls ;g de le; esa vuqeku yxk ysrk gS fd vkidks dc fdl dekaM dh
t:jr gSA
?
oMZ esa fiz&QkesZVsM ,yhesaV dks tksM+k x;k gSA vki fjiksVZ dk fuekZ.k djrs le;
bUgsa fDyd djds MkWD;wesaV esa iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA
?
oMZ 2007 esa fDyd LVkby lqfo/kk dks tksM+k x;k gSA ftldh otg ls vki
MkWD;wesaV esa Fkhe vkSj dyj Ldhe dks iz;ksx dj ldrs gSA blls iwjk MkWD;wesaV
izHkkfor gksrk gSA
?
Lisfyax laca/kh xyfr;ksa ds lq/kkj ds fy;s vc blesa u;s Lisfyax pSfdax fodYiksa
dks tksM+k x;k gSA ;g xzkej ls tqM+h xyfr;ksa dks vius vki fudkyus esa l{ke gSA
?
oMZ esa vki fdlh Hkh MkWD;wesaV dks PDF vkSj XPS QkWesZV esa cny ldrs gSA XPS
Hkh ,d bysDVkfud QkbZy QkesZV gksrk gSA blesa MkWD;wesaV dh lsfVax lqjf{kr jgrh
gSA
Basic features of Word
Microsoft Word & lalk/ku izksxzke gS] tks vkidks O;kolkf;d&xq.koRrk okys

nLrkostksa dks cukus esa enn djus ds fy, fMtkbu fd;k x;k gS] csgrjhu
nLrkost+&Lo:i.k midj.kksa ds lkFk] Word vkidks O;ofLFkr djus vkSj vius
nLrkostksa dks vf/kd izHkkoh :i ls fy[kus esa enn djrk gSA
42

The efficiency catalyst

Lesson 14 : Getting Started with word

How to start MS Word

,e ,l oMZ yksM djus ds fy, MsLdVkWi ds lcls uhps VkLdckj ij miyC/k LVkVZ cVu
dks ekml ls fDyd djsa] mlds ckn izksxzke ij tk dj ,e ,l oMZ ij fDyd djsaxs
rks ,e ,l oMZ yksM gks tk;sxk A
,e ,l oMZ ds ,afIyds'ku foaMks ds eq[; Hkkx fuEu gS &
1- VkbfVyckj % ;g ,e ,l oMZ esa foaMks ds lcls ij gksrk gS] bl ij Qkby dk
uke o ,sfIyds'ku dk uke iznf'kZr gksrk gS2- esU;wckj % blesa ,e ,l ds eq[; esU;w gksrs tSls Qkby esU;w] ,fMV esU;w] O;w
esU;w] QkWesV esU;w vkfnA

3- LVS.MMZ Vwyckj % bl ij Qkby] ,fMV vkfn dk dk;Z 'kh?kzrk ls djus ds fy, cVu
gksrs gSA

4- QksesZfVax Vwyckj % blesa fLFkr cVuksa dh lgk;rk ls ge eSVj dh LVkby] QksUV]

QksUV lkbt+ vkfn esa ifjorZu dj ldrs gSa A

5- :yjckj % blds }kjk ge ist dh yEckbZ o pkSM+kbZ dks lsV dj ldrs gSaA

43

The efficiency catalyst

6- LVsVlckj % ;g ,sfIyds'ku foaMks ds lcls uhps gksrk gS] tgk ij ist ekad]
ykbu uacj] dkWye la[;k vkfn iznf'kZr gksrk gS

esU;wckj LVs.MMZ Vwyckj QkeZsfVax Vwyckj Mkbax Vwyckj esU;wckj

ikB~; {ks=

Lksyckj

LVsV~lckj

,e-,l- oMZ dh Lhu

Identify different menus and tool bars

,e ,l oMZ ds esU;w ckj esa 9 esU;w iznf'kZr gksrs gSa tks bl izdkj gS %&
1.

File Menu

2.

Edit Menu

3.

View Menu

4.

Insert Menu

5.

Format Menu

6.

Tools Menu

7.

Table Menu

8.

Window Menu

9.

Help Menu

?
u;k MksD;wesUV cukuk %

,e ,l oMZ esa u;k Mksd;wesaV cukus ds fy, Qkby esU;q esa New Option ij
ekml fDyd djsaxs ;k LVS.MMZ Vwyckj esa fLFkr New cVu ij ekml fDyd djsaxs
ftlls] Blank Document Open gks tk;sxkA

44

The efficiency catalyst

iqjkuh Qkby [kksyuk %

?
,e ,l oMZ esa fdlh Hkh iqjkuh Qkby dks [kksyus ds fy, Qkby esU;w esa Open ij
ekml fDyd djsaxs ;k LVS.MMZ Vwyckj esa fLFkr Open cVu ij ekml fDyd djsaxs
ftlls iqjkuh Qkbyksa dh lwph iznf'kZr gks tk,xh vkSj ftl Qkby dks [kksyuk gS mls
ekml }kjk fDyd djds ;k Open Option dk iz;ksx djds [kksyk tk ldrk gS
?
Qkby can djuk %

,e ,l oMZ esa [kqyh gqbZ Qkby dks can djus ds fy, Qkby esU;w ds Dykst ij ekml
fDyd djsaxs ftlls [kqyh gqbZ Qkby close gks tk,xh A

45

The efficiency catalyst

?
Qkby dks lso djuk %
,e ,l oMZ esa Qkby dks lso djus ds fy, Qkby esU;w ds Save option ij
ekml fDyd djsaxs] Qkby dks igyh ckj lso djus ij Qkby dk uke nsuk gksxk]
Qkby dks LVS.MMZ Vwyckj esa fLFkr lso cVu ls Hkh lso dj ldrs gSaA
Qkby esU;w esa fLFkr Save as dekaM dk iz;ksx Qkby dh ,d vkSj dkWih cukus ds
fy, djrs gSaA
Page Setup ds }kjk ge cukbZ x;h Qkby esa ist dk lkbt cny ldrs gSa]

ck, & nk;sa] ij uhps ekftZu de ;k T;knk dj ldrs gSa] ist ys&vkmV vkfn cny
ldrs gSaA

;g pkj Hkkxks esas Margins, Paper Size, Paper Source, Layout esa foHkkftr
jgrk gS] buds }kjk ge fuEu dk;Z dj ldrs gSa %&

46

The efficiency catalyst

ekftZu % bl fodYi ds }kjk ge ist dk ekftZu lsV djrs gSa rFkk gSMj vkSj QqVj ds
fy, LFkku fu/kkZfjr djrs gSa] ekftZu ds fuEu Hkkx gksrs gSa %&
1-

VkWi % bl fodYi dk
iz;ksx ge ist ds
lcls ij ekftZu ;k
[kkyh LFkku fu/kkZfjr
djrs gSa A

2-

cksVe % bl fodYi
dk iz;ksx ge ist ds
lcls uhps NksM+k tkus
okyk LFkku fu/kkZfjr
djrs gSa A

3-

ysV % bl fodYi
dk iz;ksx ge ist ds
ck, rjQ lsV djus ds
fy, djrs gSaA

4-

jkbZV % bl fodYi
dk iz;ksx ge ist ds
nk;sa rjQ ekftZu lsV
djus ds fy, djrs gSaA

xVj % bl fodYi dk iz;ksx nks istksa rFkk nks dkWyeksa ds chp [kkyh LFkku fu/kkZfjr
djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
gSMj vkSj QqVj % bl fodYi dk iz;ksx gSMj vkSj QqVj ds fy, LFkku fu/kkZfjr djus ds
fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
isij lkbt % bl fodYi dk iz;ksx ist dk lkbt+] ist pksM+kbZ ,oa yEckbZ fu/kkZfjr
djus ds fy, djrs gSa] blds fuEu fodYi gSa %&
47

The efficiency catalyst

1.

Paper Size : bl fodYi dk iz;ksx isij dk vkdkj fu/kkZfjr djus ds fy,

djrs gSa A
2-

Width : bl fodYi dk iz;ksx isij dh pkSM+kbZ fu/kkZfjr djus ds fy, djrs gSaA

3-

Height : bl fodYi dk i;
z kx
s iisj dh yEckbZ fu/kkfZjr djus ds fy, djrs gaS A

4-

vksfj,UVs'ku % bl fodYi dk iz;ksx ist+ dks nks izdkj ls lsV djus ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSA Portrait, Landscape.

mDr fodYi dk iz;ksx dj ge ist dks vko';drkuqlkj Portrait ;k Landscape esa

lsV dj ldrs gSa A
?
fiazV izhO;w % bl vkWI'ku dk iz;ksx ge Qkby dks fizaV djus ls iwoZ Qkby dk izhO;w
ns[kus ds fy, djrs
gSa] blls gesa ;g irk
pyrk gS fd gekjk
ist fizaV djus ij
dSlk fn[ksxk A
?
fizaV % gekjs }kjk
cukbZ x;h Qkby dks
fizaV djus ds fy, gesa
Qkby esU;q ds fizaV
dekaM ij fDyd
djuk gksxk] ftl ls
fizaV dk Mk;ykWx
ckWDl vk tk,xk vkSj
ogk ij ge viuh
bPNkuqlkj lSfVax dj
MkD;wesaV dk fizaV
fudky ldrs gSaA
48

The efficiency catalyst

?
Exit : Qkby
esU;w esa fLFkr
Exit dekaM dk
iz;ksx ge Open
izksxzke dks can
djus ds fy,
djrs gSa] bl ij
ekml
fDyd
djus ij gekjs
}kjk [kksyh x;h
Qkby
vkSj
izksxzke can gks
tk;sxk rFkk ge
MsLdVkWi ij vk
tk;saxsA

bl
esU;w ds }kjk ge
Qkby esa ,fMfVax
;k laiknu dj
ldrs gSaA tSls %&
Cut, Copy vkfn A

?
Edit Menu :

This is a test for cut, copy & paste

49

The efficiency catalyst

UNDO :

;fn dksbZ eSVj vkidh xyrh ls vius LFkku ls gV x;k gS ;k fMyhV gks x;k gS rks
Undo dekaM ls vki mls okil yk ldrs gSa- ,fMV esU;w esa vki Undo dekaM ls ;k
Ctrl+Z dh nckdj bl dekaM dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA
REDO (REPEAT) :

bl dekaM dk iz;ksx Qkby esa lekIr fd;s x, ifjorZu dks iqu% izkIr djus ds fy,
djrs gSaA Redo dk iz;ksx ge Ctrl+Y dh nckdj Hkh dj ldrs gSa A
CUT:

bl dekaM dk iz;ksx ge Qkby esa lsysDV fd;s x, eSV dks gVkdj eseksjh esa dkWih
djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS] Cut dk iz;ksx ge Ctrl+X dh nckdj Hkh dj ldrs
gSA
COPY :

bl dekaM dk iz;ksx Qkby esa lsysDV fd;s x, eSVj dks eseksjh esa dkWih djus ds
fy, fd;k tkrk gS- Copy dk iz;ksx ge Ctrl+C dh nckdj Hkh dj ldrs gSa A
PASTE :

bl dekaM dk iz;ksx dV ;k dkWih fd;s x, eSVj dks pkgs x, LFkku ij ykus ds fy,
djrs gSa- Paste dk iz;ksx ge Ctrl+V dh nckdj Hkh dj ldrs gSa A
CLEAR :

Qkby esa lsysDV fd;s x, eSVj dks ge bl dekaM ds }kjk lekIr dj ldrs gSa ;k
Delete dh nckdj Hkh bldk mi;ksx dj ldrs gSaA
SELECT ALL :

iwjh Qkby dks lsysDV djus ds fy, ge bl dekaM dk iz;ksx djrs gSa] Ctrl+A dh
nckdj Hkh bldk mi;ksx dj ldrs gSaA
50

The efficiency catalyst

FIND :

bl dekaM ds }kjk ge
iwjh Qkby esa fdlh Hkh
'kCn ;k okD; dks izR;sd
LFkku ij tgk Hkh iz;ksx
fd;k x;k gS [kkst ldrs
gSa- Find esU;w esa Find ij
fDyd djsaxs] fQj Find
what ds ckWDl esa og
'kCn ;k okD; ftls
[kkstuk gS Vkbi djsaxsA

REPLACE :

bl dekaM ds }kjk ge
Qkby esa izR;sd LFkku ij
iqjkuk 'kCn u, 'kCn ls
cny ldrs gSa tSls%&
vkidk iqjkuk 'kCn
Polico gS mlds LFkku ij
Police djuk gS rks
REPLACE dekaM ds
}kjk iwjh Qkby esa iqjkus
'kCn ds LFkku ij u;k
'kCn gks tk;sxk A

51

The efficiency catalyst

GO TO :

bl dekaM ds }kjk ge Qkby ds fdlh Hkh ist ij] ykbu ;k dkWye ij 'kh?kzrk ls
igqap ldrs gSA tSls %& gekjh Qkby 100 ist dh gS vkSj gesa 82 uacj ist ij tkuk
gS rks ge GO TO dekaM ij fDyd djsaxs vkSj 82 uacj Vkbi djsaxs rks ge pkgs x,
ist ij igqap tk;saxsA
VIEW MENU : bl esU;w ds }kjk ge MkWD;wesUV dks fofHkUu :iksa esa ns[k ldrs gSaView menu esa lcls ij ds pkj fodYiksa }kjk pkj rjg ls ist dks ns[kk tk ldrk

gSA
1- ukeZy % blds }kjk vf/kdka'k eSVj dks lkQ&lkQ ns[kk tk ldrk gS] ysfdu iwjs
eSVj dks ,d lkFk ugha ns[kk tk ldrk gS-

2- vkWuykbu ysvkmV% bldk iz;ksx eSVj dks Lhu ij cM+k ns[kus ds fy, djrs gSa3- ist ysvkmV % ;g eSVj iwjs ist esa dSls lsV gqvk gS fn[kkrk gSA
4- ekLVj MkWd;wesaV % ;g vkmV ykbu O;w dk ,d fo'ks"k :i gS ftlesa vki cM+s
vkSj Structured document dks ns[k ldrs gSa A
TOOLBAR : O;w esU;w ds bl vkWI'ku dk iz;ksx Vwyckj dks Lhu ij iznf'kZr djus

ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn vki pkgrs gSa fd Lhu ij Vwyckj fn[kkbZ u ns rks mls
vkWQ dj ldrs gSa- Vwyckj vkWu ;k vkWQ djus ds fy, fuEu dk;Z djsa &
52

The efficiency catalyst

1- View esU;w esa tk dj Vwyckj

esa fDyd djsa rks Vwyckj ds
fodYi iznf'kZr gksaxsA
2- Vwyckj ds fodYiksa dks fDyd
djds vkWu ;k vkWQ dj
ldrs gSaA OK cVu ij fDyd
djsRULER : blds }kjk Lhu ij

:yj ykbu iznf'kZr dh tk

ldrh gS ;k mls gVk;k tk
ldrk gSA :yj ykbu ij gh Vsc
lsfVax dk C;kSjk feyrk gSA
HEADER & FOOTER: gsMj

,d Qkby ds izR;sd ist ds

ij fizaV gksus okyh dkWeu
ykbu gksrh gS] rFkk QqVj og
ykbu gksrh tks ist ds uhps fizaV
gksrh gSA
O;w esU;q gsMj ,oa QqVj fodYi ds }kjk ge og eSVj Vkbi dj ldrs gSa tks izR;sd ist
ij ykuk gSA blds vykok ist uEcj] fnukad] le;] Qkby dk uke vkfn Hkh blds
}kjk Mky ldrs gSaA

FULL SCREEN : blds }kjk MkWD;wesUV iwjh Lhu ij vk tkrk gS] lHkh Vwyckj

vkSj esU;w can gks tkrs gSaA

Close Lhu ds }kjk ge iqu% lkekU; MksD;wesaV yk ldrs gSaA
53

The efficiency catalyst

ZOOM : ;fn vki vius

MksD;wesaV dks cM+s &cM+s v{kjksa esa

ns[kuk pkgrs gSa rks mls viuh
vko';drkuqlkj NksVk ;k cM+k
djus ds fy, twe fodYi dk
iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa A

How to close MS Word:

1. Microsoft Office cVu ij fDyd djsa- ,d esuw izdV gksrk gS-

2- ckgj fudysa fDyd djsa oMZ] tks nkfgus dksus esa gS3- rks dgk tk;sxk D;k vki Document 1 esa ifjorZu lgstuk pkgrs gSa\ vius
ifjorZu lgstus ds fy, gk fDyd djsa vU;Fkk] ugha fDyd djsaA ;fn vki gk
fDyd djsaxs rks laokn ckWDl izdV gksrk gS4- fufnZ"V ckWDl
esa lgstsa
5- ikB Qkby dk
uke QhYM esa
one.doc

Vkbi djsa
6- lgstsa fDyd
djsa54

The efficiency catalyst

Lesson 15: Working with word Documents

Creating a new or opening an existing Word document
Blank document dks cukus ds fy;s CySd ist ij fDyd djsaxsA ;fn ge VsEiIysV esa

dke dj jgs gSa rks VsEiIysV

vkWI'ku esa ls VsEiIysV dks
flysDV djsaxsaA
Open :- bl vkWI'ku ds }kjk
ge fdlh lso dh xbZ QkbZy
dks vksiu djrs gSaA ge vius
dEI;wVj esa oMZ MkD;wesaV dks
dbZ yksds'ku ls flysDV dj
ldrs gSA
Save :- bl vkWI'ku esa] ;wtj ds }kjk cukbZ xbZ QkbZy dks dksbZ uke nsdj lso fd;k

tkrk gSA
Save as :- ;g vkWI'ku Hkh

lso ehuw tSlk gS] varj

flQZ ;g gS fd ge ftl
QkbZy dks lso ehuw esa lso
djrs gSA mlh QkbZy dks ge
lso ,l vkWI'ku ds }kjk
fdlh nwljs uke ls lso dj
ldrs gSaA
tSls%&(Raj.doc dks Sanjay
Malvi.doc uke ls Hkh vksiu dj ldrs gSA bl vkWI'ku ds }kjk ge vius MkD;wesaV
dks fdlh Hkh QkjesV esa cny ldrs gSA
tSls & 98] 2003 blds }kjk ge vius MkD;wesaV dks ikloMZ nsdj Hkh lqj{kk iznku
dj ldrs gSaA
55

The efficiency catalyst

Typing texts and applying various editing options in a document

;fn vkids word nLrkost+ esa vki ENTER Key nck, rks oMZ rhu iSjkxzkQ cukrk gS
Bold, Italic and Underline

cksYM] frjNs v{kj fy[kuk vksj js[kkafdr djuk A

,d nLrkost cukus] ds fy, tc vki bolding }kjk fo'ks"k 'kCnksa ;k okD;ka'kksa ij tksj
ns ldrs gSa] js[kkadu ;k italicizing Hkh Mky ldrs] blds vykok] dqN Constructs
O;kdj.k dh vko';drk gksrh gS fd vki cksYM] js[kkafdr] ;k frjNs v{kj fy[k ldrs
gSaA vkSj Word dk mi;ksx dj vki Hkh tksM+ ldrs gSa bu lqfo/kkvksa dks nwljs 'kCnksa esa]
vki cksYM] js[kkafdr dj ldrs gSa vkSj ikB dk ,d VqdM+k frjNs v{kj esa fy[k ldrs
gSaA
tc vki Microsoft Word esa dksbZ dk;Z djrs gSa] rks vki vkerkSj ij dbZ rjhds pqu
ldrs gSa] vH;kl ds fy, rqEgsa fn[kkrk gS dSls cksYM] js[kkadu] ;k frjNs v{kj fy[kuk
pkfg, A pkj rjhdksa ls Hkh tSls Mini toolbar/context menu vkSj Keyboard ls Hkh
ikB dks Bold Italic and Underline dj ldrs gSaA
Typing a text, deleting, inserting, finding, replacing, copying and
moving text

ikB ntZ djus ds fy,] cl Vkbi djuk vkjaaHk djsa] lfEeyu fcanq ij Word ikB
lfEefyr djrk gS- vxj vki ,d xyr dqath nck,] rks Back space ;k Delete
dqath dk mi;ksx djdsxyrh feVk ldrs gSa cSdLisl dqath lfEeyu fcanq ds ckbZa vksj
,d o.kZ gVkrk gS- Delete dqath lfEeyu fcanq ds nkbZa vksj ,d o.kZ gVkrk gS- vki
fdlh Hkh le; bu pkfc;ksa dk mi;ksx dj ldrs gSA- cl dqN o.kks ls vf/kd gVkus
ds fy,] ikB dk p;u djsa vkSj Delete dqath nck,A
vki ,d LFkku ls p;fur ikB dh izfrfyfi dj ldrs gSa dkWih vkSj isLV Option ;k
[khaps vkSj MkWi izf;k ds }kjk vki ,d LFkku ls Cut vkSj Paste Option ls Hkh
p;fur ikB nwljs LFkku esa LFkkukarfjr dj ldrs gSa Option vkSj izf;k uhps of.kZr
gSA
CUT: bl dekaM dk iz;ksx ge Qkby esa lsysDV fd;s x, eSVj ;k ikB dks gVkdj
eseksjh esa dkWih djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS] Cut dk iz;ksx ge Ctrl+X dh nckdj

Hkh dj ldrs gS56

The efficiency catalyst

COPY : bl dekaM dk iz;ksx Qkby esa lsysDV fd;s x, eSVj dks eseksjh esa dkWih
djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS- Copy dk iz;ksx ge Ctrl+C dh nckdj Hkh dj ldrs

gSa A
PASTE :bl dekaM dk iz;ksx dV ;k dkWih fd;s x, eSVj dks pkgs x, LFkku ij
ykus ds fy, djrs gSa- Paste dk iz;ksx ge Ctrl+V dh nckdj Hkh dj ldrs gSa A
Text justifications

1djsa

ikB p;u
ftls vki
Justify djuk
pkgrs gSaA
2-

Standard
To o l b a r i j
Justify ij fDyd

djsaA

Bold, Italics, Underline,

Strike, Double Strike and
Colouring text

laokn ckWDl ykapj ds lkFk cksYM

ykbu gS- ykapj ds lkFk 'kq: gksrk
gS] 'kCn cksYM dk p;u djsa-
vki bl i= esa igys ch cksYM
dlZj dks Shift dqath izsl djus
ds lkFk Right Arrow Key ds
lkFk Line dks Select djsaA
QksaUV lewg esa laokn cksDl
ykWUpj fDyd djsa] QksUV laokn
ckWDl izdV gksrk gS] mlesa QkWUV
'kSyh Box Boldin ij fDyd djsaA
57

The efficiency catalyst

uksV% vki iwokZyksdu foaMks esa

viuh dkjZokbZ ds izHkko ns[k
ldrs gSa] cksYM] fDyd fu;fer
:i ls fudkyus ds fy,fDyd djus ds fy, laokn
ckWDl can djsa ikB {ks= esa dgha
Hkh fDyd djsa vkSj okil Bold
Option ij fDyd djsa A
Selecting Font and Font

QkWjesV esU;w esa

QkWUV fodYi ds }kjk ge Text
ds Font, Font size, Font
1.FONT:

Style, Character Spacing,

Colour, Underline, vkfn

cny ldrs gSaA

;fn gesa Text dk Font cnyuk gS rks ge
QkWjesV esU;w esa QkWUV fodYi ij fDyd
djsaxs] rks QkWUv dk ,d Mk;ykWx ckDl
Lhu ij vk tk,xk vkSj nh xbZ fyLV
esa ls pkgs x, QkWUV ij fDyd djsaxs vkSj
O.K. dj nsaxsA bl izdkj text esa
vyx&vyx cnyko dj ldrs gSaA
Font ;k Charactor Effect vkfn lsV
djus ds fy, QkWjesfVax Vwyckj ij fLFkr
cVu dk mi;ksx Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
tSls %& Vwyckj ij dk iz;ksx djds vki
vius flysDV fd, gq, Text dks e'k%
cksYM] bVsfyd vkSj vUMjykbu dj
ldrs gSA
PARAGRAPH : blds }kjk ge iSjkxzkQ ds bykbuesUV ysV] jkbV] bUMSUV
vkSj iSjkxzkQ ds ij o uhps dh space tSlh vusdksa lSfVax djrs gSaA blds fy, vki
2.

ftl iSjkxzkQ dks QkWjesV djuk pkgrs gSA mls flysDV djuk gksxk A
58