Teachitza.

com Information Technology Cram Notes

Gr. 12
6. DELETE RECORD MEETING SEARCH CRITERIA
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin ADOTable1.First; while not ADOTable1.Eof do begin if ADOTable1['Name'] = Edit1.Text then begin ADOTable1.Delete; Exit; end else ADOTable1.Next; end; end;

Using Databases in Delphi

1. SET UP ADO TABLE
1.1 Create database file in MS Access 1.2 In Delphi: choose ADOTable under the ADO menu on the component palette 1.3 Change settings in the Object Inspector: set the Connection String settings by clicking on the ellipse 1.4 Click on Build 1.5 Choose: Microsoft Jet 4.0 OLE DB Provider 1.6 Click Next >> 1.7 Select database file (mdb file) 1.8 Erase user name (Admin) 1.9 Make sure 'Blank Password' is selected 1.10 Click OK (on 'Data Link Properties' window) 1.11 Click OK (on 'ConnectionString' window) 1.12 Click on ADOTable component: choose Table name for ADOTable 1.13 Set ADOTable Active to TRUE 1.14 Add DataSource (link to table) 1.15 Add DBGrid and DBNavigator (found under Data Controls; link to table)

2.4 Add a record from a ComboBox

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin ADOTable1.Append; ADOTable1['Team'] := ComboBox1.Items[ComboBox1.ItemIndex]; ADOTable1.Post; end;

OR (if the contents of the ComboBox should not be transferred as it is to the database)
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin ADOTable1.Append; Case ComboBox1.ItemIndex of 0 : ADOTable1['Grade'] := '10'; 1 : ADOTable1['Grade'] := '11'; 2 : ADOTable1['Grade'] := '12'; end; ADOTable1.Post; end;

7. DELETE RECORD CURRENTLY IN FOCUS 7.1 Click on record then click on Button1:
procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject); begin ADOTable1.Delete; end;

SET UP ADO CONNECTION

(To be used with Tables or Queries) 12.1 Create database file in MS Access 12.2 In Delphi: choose ADOConnection under the ADO menu on the component palette 12.3 Change settings in the Object Inspector: set the Connection String settings by clicking on the ellipse 12.4 Click on Build 12.5 Choose: Microsoft Jet 4.0 OLE DB Provider 12.6 Click Next >> 12.7 Select database file (mdb file) 12.8 Erase user name (Admin) 12.9 Make sure 'Blank Password' is selected 12.10 Click OK (on 'Data Link Properties' window) 12.11 Click OK (on 'ConnectionString' window) 12.12 Click on the ADOConnection and go to the Object Inspector 12.13 Set Login Prompt to false 12.14 Set Connected to true 12.15 On ADOTable or ADOQuery choose this ADOconnection in the Connection property in the Object Inspector

2.5 Add a record from a DBLookupComboBox

- Set up DBLookupComboBox by choosing the Datasource to be used in ListSource - Choose the field to be listed in ListField - Choose a field as keyfield in KeyField - When choosing a value the focus is placed on that particular record in the table used and any field can be used from that record, for example: procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin ADOTable1.Append; ADOTable1['Name'] := ADOTable2['Name']; ADOTable1.Post; end;

8. FILTER RESULTS 8.1 Filter according to exact search criteria (e.g. Name = 'John'):
procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject); begin ADOTable1.Filter := 'Name = ' + '''' + Edit1.Text + ''''; ADOTable1.Filtered := True; end;

Wildcard: %

8.2 Filter according to similar search criteria (e.g. Name LIKE 'Jo%'):

3. SEARCH FOR A RECORD IN A TABLE

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin ADOTable1.First; while not ADOTable1.Eof do begin if ADOTable1['Name'] = Edit1.Text then begin ShowMessage('This record is present'); Exit; end else ADOTable1.Next; end; end;

2. ADD RECORD TO TABLE USING CODING 2.1 A new record can be added using set data:
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin ADOTable1.Append; ADOTable1['Name'] := 'John'; ADOTable1['Surname'] := 'Doe'; ADOTable1.Post; end;

procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject); begin ADOTable1.Filter := 'Name LIKE ' + '''' + Edit1.Text + '%'''; ADOTable1.Filtered := True; end;

8.3 Filter according to number value:

procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject); begin ADOTable1.Filter := 'Amount > ' + Edit1.Text; ADOTable1.Filtered := True; end;

2.2 A new record can be added from an edit box:

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin ADOTable1.Append; ADOTable1['Name'] := Edit1.Text; ADOTable1['Surname'] := Edit2.Text; ADOTable1.Post; Edit1.Clear; Edit2.Clear; end;

9. DELETE ALL RECORDS

procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject);

4. SEARCH AND REPLACE FIELDS WITH SET DATA

procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject); begin ADOTable1.First; while not ADOTable1.Eof do begin if ADOTable1['Name'] = Edit1.Text then begin ADOTable1.Edit; ADOTable1['Name'] := Edit2.Text; end; ADOTable1.Next; end; end;

begin ADOTable1.First; while not ADOTable1.Eof do begin if ADOTable1['Name'] <> '' then ADOTable1.Delete else ADOTable1.Next; end; end; 10. COUNT RECORDS
procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject); var iCount : Integer; begin iCount := 0; ADOTable1.First; while not ADOTable1.Eof do begin if ADOTable1['Name'] <> '' then iCount := iCount + 1; ADOTable1.Next; end; Label1.Caption := IntToStr(iCount); end; J. Olivier (2009)

2.3 Add a record from RadioGroup and SpinEdit:

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin ADOTable1.Append; ADOTable1['Class'] := RadioGroup1.Items[RadioGroup1.ItemIndex]; ADOTable1['Grade'] := SpinEdit1.Value; ADOTable1.Post; end;

5. DO A CALCULATION IN A FIELD USING DATA FROM EXISTING FIELDS

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

When using the RadioGroup, take note:

- Add the entries using the Items property - The first items index is 0 - RadioGroup1.ItemIndex refers to the selected item.

begin ADOTable1.First; While not ADOTable1.Eof do begin ADOTable1.Edit; ADOTable1['Total'] := ADOTable1['Unit'] * ADOTable1['Amount']; ADOTable1.Next; end; end;

Teachitza.com Information Technology Cram Notes

Gr. 12
11. 8 Aggregate functions
Count number of records
SELECT Count(*) FROM tblResults WHERE Num2 > 50;

Using Databases in Delphi

11. QUERIES 11.1 Set up query
11.1.1 Create database file in MS Access 11.1.2 In Delphi: choose ADOQuery under the ADO menu on the component palette 11.1.3 Change settings in Object Inspector: set Connection String settings by clicking on the ellipse 11.1.4 Click on Build 11.1.5 Choose: Microsoft Jet 4.0 OLE DB Provider 11.1.6 Click Next >> 11.1.7 Select database file (mdb file) 11.1.8 Erase user name (Admin) 11.1.9 Make sure 'Blank Password' is selected 11.1.10 Click OK (on 'Data Link Properties' window) 11.1.11 Click OK (on 'ConnectionString' window) 11.1.12 Set Query in Object Inspector - Click on ellipse next to (TStrings) for SQL property of the ADOQuery - Type in SQL code (see below) - Set Active property to True

11.4 Change data (Amount field becomes 10) according to a condition (Unit equals to 4)
procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject); begin with ADOQuery1 do begin Active := false; SQL.Clear; SQL.Add('UPDATE tblTableName'); SQL.Add('SET Amount=10 WHERE Unit=4'); ExecSQL end; ADOTable1.Refresh; end;

Find minimum value

SELECT MIN(Num2) AS Lowest FROM tblResults

Find maximum value

SELECT MAX(Num2) AS Highest FROM tblResults WHERE Num1 < 30

Get total of a particular field

SELECT SUM(Num2) AS Total FROM tblResults WHERE Date > #2009/05/01#;

11.5 Filter according to input from an edit box

procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject); begin with ADOQuery1 do begin SQL.Clear; SQL.Add('SELECT *'); SQL.Add('FROM tblTableName'); SQL.Add('WHERE NAME = ''' + Edit1.Text + ''''); Open; end; end;

Get average of a particular field

SELECT AVG(Num2) AS [Num2''s Average] FROM tblResults WHERE UserID = 11

11.9 Date
Year returns year from a date field Month returns year from a date field Day returns year from a date field For example:
Select Name, Day(DateBorn) AS DayBorn FROM tblResults;

11.2 Queries 11.2.1 Show all fields and all records

SELECT * FROM tblTableName;

11.2.2 Show certain field(s) and all records

SELECT Name, Surname FROM tblTableName;

11.6 Delete a record

procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject); begin with ADOQuery1 do begin Active := False; SQL.Clear; SQL.Add('DELETE FROM tblTableName WHERE Name = '''+ Edit1.Text+''''); ExecSQL; end; end;

Date() returns current date

Select Name, Date() AS CurrentDate FROM tblResults;

11.2.3 Show all fields for records meeting certain exact criteria
SELECT * FROM tblTableName WHERE Name = "John";

DateValue converts a String value to a date

Select * FROM tblResults WHERE DateBorn > DateValue(''' + Edit1.Text + '''); Returns records where the date of birth is later than the value typed into Edit1.

11.2.4 Show all fields for records meeting similar criteria

SELECT * FROM tblTableName WHERE Name LIKE "Jo%";

Remove WHERE statement to delete all records.

11.10 Linking tables

Show all (or selected) fields from two different tables with a common field 11.10.1 Using WHERE
procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject); begin with ADOQuery1 do begin Active := false; SQL.Clear; SQL.Add('SELECT *'); SQL.Add('FROM tblTable1, tblTable2 WHERE tblTable1.UserID = tblTable2.UserID;'); Active := true; end; end;

11.2.5 Show all fields and all records sorted according to a field (ascending)
SELECT * FROM tblTableName ORDER BY Name;

11.7 Insert a record

procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject); begin with ADOQuery1 do begin Active := False; SQL.Clear; SQL.Add('INSERT INTO tblTableName(Name,Surname) VALUES (''' + Edit1.Text + ''',''' + Edit2.Text + ''')'); ExecSQL; end; end;

11.2.6 Show all fields and all records sorted according to a field (descending)
SELECT * FROM tblTableName ORDER BY Name DESC;

11.2.7 Show all fields and all records within a set range (Unit is an Integer field)
SELECT * FROM tblTableName WHERE Unit BETWEEN 1 AND 6;

11.3 Set Query with coding

procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject); begin with ADOQuery1 do begin Active := false; SQL.Clear; SQL.Add('SELECT * FROM tblTableName;'); Active := true; end; end;

11.8 Create new field from calculation

Creates a new field AmountTax created by adding 14% to the value in the Amount field
procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject); begin with ADOQuery1 do begin Active := false; SQL.Clear; SQL.Add('SELECT Name, Amount, [Amount]*1.14 AS AmountTax FROM tblTableName;'); Active := true; end; end;

11.10.2 Using INNER JOIN

procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject); begin with ADOQuery1 do begin Active := false; SQL.Clear; SQL.Add('SELECT *'); SQL.Add('FROM tblTable1 INNER JOIN tblTable2 ON tblTable1.UserID = tblTable2.UserID; '); Active := true; end; end;

SQL coding added to SQL.Add statement.

J. Olivier (2009)

Teachitza.com Information Technology Cram Notes

Gr. 12
var Form1: TForm1; arrClasses : array[1..10] of TSingClass; {Array of objects} iCount : Integer; {Count number of objects} implementation

Object Oriented Programming

Object Oriented Programming uses objects (selfcontained modules) to solve problems. A class can be created in a separate unit.
CLASS UNIT unit SingU; interface uses SysUtils; {Add when using IntToStr for example} type TSingClass = class(TObject) private fClass : String; fJudge1 : Integer; fJudge2 : Integer; fJudge3 : Integer; fAverage : Integer; public constructor Create(sClass : String; iJudge1,iJudge2,iJudge3 : Integer); procedure setJudge(iChoice, iMark : Integer); function getClass : String; function getOutput : String; procedure calculateAverage; end; implementation { TSingClass } procedure TSingClass.calculateAverage; begin fAverage := (fJudge1+fJudge2+fJudge3) DIV 3; {Calculate integer average} end; constructor TSingClass.Create(sClass: String; iJudge1, iJudge2, iJudge3: Integer); begin fClass := sClass; {Assign values from text files} fJudge1 := iJudge1; fJudge2 := iJudge2; fJudge3 := iJudge3; end; function TSingClass.getClass: String; begin getClass := fClass; {Return class name} end; function TSingClass.getOutput: String; {Output with tabs} begin getOutput := fClass + #9 + IntToStr(fJudge1) + #9 + IntToStr(fJudge2) + #9 + IntToStr(fJudge3) + #9 + IntToStr(fAverage); end; procedure TSingClass.setJudge(iChoice, iMark: Integer); begin if iChoice = 1 then {Change values} fJudge1 := iMark; if iChoice = 2 then fJudge2 := iMark; if iChoice = 3 then fJudge3 := iMark; end; end.

1. Typical course of action

1.1 Open Delphi; save main program 1.2 Create a new unit (class unit) 1.3 Save the unit (use this name as reference in main program) 1.4 Do the following in the class unit: 1.4.1 Type in the word Interface 1.4.2 Add a uses statement depends on what is needed, but to be safe use: uses SysUtils, Dialogs, Math; 1.4.3 Add type section: type TClassName = class (TObject) 1.4.4 Add properties (declare them in the same way as variables) possibly under private 1.4.5 Add a constructor (to create object) possibly under public 1.4.6 Add methods (functions and procedures) possibly under public 1.4.7 Add the word end; 1.4.8 Standing between the type and end (mentioned above) press Ctrl+Shift+C 1.4.9 Add coding for the methods 1.5 Add class unit name in uses section of main program 1.6 Add declaration of array of objects in the var section above implementation 1.7 Add a counter in the var section above implementation 1.8 Add button (or use FormActivate) to retrieve data from a text file and create the objects 1.9 Invoke methods to add/edit (set) objects 1.10 Invoke methods to get information and display it in a RichEdit for example

{$R *.dfm} procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); var fFile : TextFile; sTemp, sClassI : String; iJudge1I, iJudge2I, iJudge3I : Integer; begin AssignFile(fFile,'oopdata.dat'); {Open text file} Reset(fFile); While not eof(fFile) do begin Readln(fFile,sTemp); inc(iCount); sClassI := copy(sTemp,1,pos(',',sTemp)-1); {Separate data fields; commas out} Delete(sTemp,1,pos(',',sTemp)); iJudge1I := StrToInt (copy(sTemp,1,pos(',',sTemp)-1)); Delete(sTemp,1,pos(',',sTemp)); iJudge2I := StrToInt (copy(sTemp,1,pos(',',sTemp)-1)); Delete(sTemp,1,pos(',',sTemp)); iJudge3I := StrToInt(sTemp); arrClasses[iCount] := TSingClass.Create (sClassI,iJudge1I,iJudge2I,iJudge3I); end; Closefile(fFile); end; procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject); begin iCount := 0; {Number of objects to zero} end;

2. OOP Example
Create a program that uses OOP to simulate a competition between school class sections.

procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject); var iForCount : Integer; begin FOR iForCount := 1 to iCount do {Calculate averages for all objects} begin arrClasses[iForCount].calculateAverage; end; end; procedure TForm1.Button4Click(Sender: TObject); var iForCount : Integer; sTemp : String; begin RichEdit1.Clear; RichEdit1.Paragraph.TabCount := 4; {For TABS used} RichEdit1.Paragraph.Tab[0] := 70; {First tab in points from left margin} RichEdit1.Paragraph.Tab[1] := 110; RichEdit1.Paragraph.Tab[2] := 160; RichEdit1.Paragraph.Tab[3] := 210; RichEdit1.Lines.Add('Class' + #9 + 'J1' + #9 + 'J2' + #9 + 'J3' + #9 + 'Average'); FOR iForCount := 1 to iCount do begin sTemp := arrClasses[iForCount].getOutput; RichEdit1.Lines.Add(sTemp) end; end; procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject); var iForCount,iJudge,iNewMark : Integer; sClassName : String; begin sClassName := Edit1.Text; {Class name} iJudge := RadioGroup1.ItemIndex+1; {Add one because index start at 0} iNewMark := SpinEdit1.Value; {New mark allocated by judge} FOR iForCount := 1 to iCount do begin if arrClasses[iForCount].getClass = sClassName then arrClasses[iForCount].setJudge(iJudge,iNewMark); end; end; end.

- Create a program that uses OOP techniques. Use the datafile (oopdata.dat) to populate an array of objects. The object must be constructed with a parameterized constructor. Add SysUtils to allow calculations and conversions in your program. - Create the object unit that includes the following private fields: fClass : String; fJudge1 : Integer; fJudge2 : Integer; fJudge3 : Integer; fAverage : Integer; - Add the following methods: constructor Create(sClass : String; iJudge1,iJudge2,iJudge3 : Integer);

MAIN UNIT unit Unit1; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, ComCtrls, SingU, Spin, ExtCtrls; {Add object unit name} type TForm1 = class(TForm) Button1: TButton; RichEdit1: TRichEdit; Button2: TButton; Button3: TButton; Button4: TButton; RadioGroup1: TRadioGroup; Edit1: TEdit; SpinEdit1: TSpinEdit; procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject); procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject); procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject); procedure Button4Click(Sender: TObject); procedure Button3Click(Sender: TObject); private { Private declarations } public { Public declarations } end;

Get values from text file

procedure setJudge(iChoice, iMark : Integer);

Change value of certain class per Judge

function getClass : String;

Return class name (e.g. 8A2)

function getOutput : String;

Return the output as shown in the RichEdit above

procedure calculateAverage;

Calculate the average (fAverage) from fJudge1, fJudge2, fJudge3 remember they are all whole numbers.
- Design a user interface (main unit) that allows to load the data from the textfile (oopdata.dat) into an array of objects (arrClasses). Use the [Load data] button for this purpose. - Use the [Get Average] button to invoke the calculateAverage method for all the objects in the array. - Use the [Show All] button and use the getOutput method to display all the objects in the RichEdit. Set adequate tabs. - Use the [Set] button to change the score of the class specified in the Edit box for the Judge specified in the Radiogroup. Use the getClass method to find the class and invoke setJudge to change the value.

J. Olivier (2009)

Teachitza.com Information Technology Cram Notes

Gr. 12 2. Two dimensional arrays / StringGrid

var frmStringGrid: TfrmStringGrid; arrSeats : array[0..9,0..9] of String;

Arrays and StringGrid

1. Arrays (one dimensional)
var frmArrays: TfrmArrays; arrNumbers : Array[1..100] of Integer; iCount : Integer;

1.5 Binary search in an array

procedure TfrmArrays.btnBinarySearchClick (Sender: TObject); var iForCount : Integer; iSearch, iLowBound, iUpBound, iMiddle, iPosition : Integer; bFound : Boolean; begin bFound := false; iLowBound := 1; iUpBound := iCount; iPosition := 0; iSearch := StrToInt(edtFind.Text); While (iLowBound <= iUpBound) AND (bFound = False) do begin iMiddle := (iLowBound + iUpBound) DIV 2; if iSearch = arrNumbers[iMiddle] then begin iPosition := iMiddle; bFound := True; end else if iSearch > arrNumbers[iMiddle] then iLowBound := iMiddle + 1 else iUpBound := iMiddle - 1; end; if bFound = True then begin ShowMessage('Number found at: ' + IntToStr(iPosition)); end else begin ShowMessage('Number not found'); end end;

1.1 Load numbers from a text file into an array

procedure TfrmArrays.btnLoadClick(Sender: TObject); var fTFile : TextFile; sTemp : String; begin iCount := 0; AssignFile(fTFile, 'numbers.txt'); Reset(fTFile); While not eof(fTFile) do begin iCount := iCount + 1; Readln(fTFile,sTemp); arrNumbers[iCount] := StrToInt(sTemp); end; CloseFile(fTFile); end;

2.1 Load text file into 2D array

procedure TfrmStringGrid.btnLoadSeatsClick (Sender: TObject); var fFile : TextFile; sLine : String; iRow, iCol : Integer; begin iRow := 0; AssignFile(fFile, 'data.txt'); Reset(fFile); While NOT eof(fFile) DO begin Readln(fFile, sLine); For iCol := 0 to 9 do begin arrSeats[iCol, iRow] := sLine[iCol+1]; end; iRow := iRow + 1; end; CloseFile(fFile); end;

1.2 Remove numbers that repeat in an array

procedure TfrmArrays.btnRemoveRepeatsClick (Sender: TObject); var iOutBound, iInBound, iReplace : Integer; begin FOR iOutBound := 1 to iCount-1 do begin FOR iInBound := iOutBound+1 to iCount do begin if arrNumbers[iOutBound] = arrNumbers[iInBound] then begin FOR iReplace := iOutBound to iCount do begin arrNumbers[iReplace] := arrNumbers[iReplace+1]; end; arrNumbers[iCount] := 0; iCount := iCount - 1; end; end; end; end;

2.2 Load 2D array into StringGrid

procedure TfrmStringGrid.btnDisplayArrayClick (Sender: TObject); var iRow, iCol : Integer; begin For iCol := 0 to 9 do begin for iRow := 0 to 9 do begin sgdNames.Cells[iCol,iRow] := arrSeats[iCol,iRow]; end; end; end;

1.6 Sorting 1.6.1 Selection Sort

Procedure TfrmArrays.btnSelectionSortClick (Sender: TObject); var iCountOut, iCountComp, iTemp : integer; begin FOR iCountOut := 1 to iCount DO begin FOR iCountComp := iCountOut to iCount DO begin if arrNumbers[iCountOut] > arrNumbers[iCountComp] then begin iTemp := arrNumbers[iCountOut]; arrNumbers[iCountOut] := arrNumbers[iCountComp]; arrNumbers[iCountComp] := iTemp; end; end; end; end;

2.3 Load text file (comma delimited) into a StringGrid

procedure TfrmStringGrid.btnLoadSalesClick(Sender: TObject); var fFile : TextFile; sLine, sTemp : String; iRow : Integer; begin iRow := 0; AssignFile(fFile, 'comma.txt'); Reset(fFile); While NOT eof(fFile) DO begin Readln(fFile, sLine); sTemp := copy(sLine, 1, Pos(',',sLine)-1); Delete(sLine,1,Pos(',',sLine)); sgdSales.Cells[0, iRow] := sTemp; sTemp := copy(sLine, 1, Pos(',',sLine)-1); Delete(sLine,1,Pos(',',sLine)); sgdSales.Cells[1, iRow] := sTemp; sTemp := copy(sLine, 1, Pos(',',sLine)-1); Delete(sLine,1,Pos(',',sLine)); sgdSales.Cells[2, iRow] := sTemp; sgdSales.Cells[3, iRow] := sLine; iRow := iRow + 1; end; CloseFile(fFile); end;

1.3 Show numbers from an array in a ListBox

procedure TfrmArrays.btnShowArrayClick(Sender: TObject); var iForCount : Integer; begin ListBox1.Clear; FOR iForCount := 1 to iCount do begin ListBox1.Items.Add(IntToStr (arrNumbers[iForCount])) end; end;

1.6.2 Bubble Sort

procedure TfrmArrays.btnBubbleSortClick(Sender: TObject); var iTemp, iCounter : Integer; bSwap : boolean; begin Repeat bSwap := true; For iCounter := 1 to iCount - 1 do begin if arrNumbers[iCounter] > arrNumbers[iCounter+1] then begin iTemp := arrNumbers[iCounter]; arrNumbers[iCounter] := arrNumbers[iCounter+1]; arrNumbers[iCounter+1] := iTemp; bSwap := false; end; end; until bSwap = true; end;

1.4 Find number (item) in an array

procedure TfrmArrays.btnFindClick(Sender: TObject); var iForCount : Integer; iSearch : Integer; begin iSearch := StrToInt(edtFind.Text); FOR iForCount := 1 to iCount do begin if iSearch = arrNumbers[iForCount] then begin ShowMessage('Number found at: ' + IntToStr(iForCount)); Exit; end; end; end;

2.4 Clear a StringGrid

procedure TfrmStringGrid.btnClearGridClick(Sender: TObject); var iRow, iCol : Integer; begin For iCol := 0 to 9 do begin for iRow := 0 to 9 do begin sgdNames.Cells[iCol,iRow] := ''; end; end; end;

J. Olivier (2009)

Teachitza.com Information Technology Cram Notes

Gr. 12
Val Converts string value to integer or real. Also checks for errors. Val(sOriginal, iNum, iError); Val(sOriginal, rNum, iError); Round Rounds real number to the nearest integer Round(4.8); Roundto Rounds to a set power of 10 iH := Roundto(2745,3); Inc Increases value of variable (You can also do this as: iNumber := iNumber + 1;) Inc(iNumber) Dec Decreases value of variable (You can also do this as: iNumber := iNumber - 1;) Dec(iNumber); Frac Provides decimal part of real number rK := Frac(3.54); Sqr Gives square of number typed in rK := Sqr(16); Sqrt Gives square root of a number rK := Sqrt(16); Power Raises first number to the power of the second number (134) Power(13,4) Pi Provides the value of pi () rW := rK * Pi; Random Provides a random number within a range of 0 and limit-1. Randomize; iX := Random(100); (iX = any number between 0 and 99) Remember to add the Math unit to the uses section of your program when using the RoundTo and Power functions.

Arrays and StringGrid; Mathematical functions; String handling

2.5 Set all values in a StringGrid to 0
procedure TfrmStringGrid.btnSetAllOClick (Sender: TObject); var iRow, iCol : Integer; begin For iCol := 0 to 9 do begin for iRow := 0 to 9 do begin sgdNames.Cells[iCol,iRow] := 'O'; end; end; end;

2.10 Look for value in StringGrid

procedure TfrmStringGrid.btnFindClick(Sender: TObject); var sFind : String; iCol, iRow : Integer; begin sFind := edtFind.Text; For iCol := 1 to 3 do begin for iRow := 1 to 5 do begin if sgdSales.Cells[iCol,iRow] = sFind then begin Showmessage('Found at coordinates: Column ' + IntToStr(iCol) + '; Row ' + IntToStr(iRow)); end; end; end; end;

2.6 Save data from StringGrid in a text file

procedure TfrmStringGrid.btnSaveNamesClick (Sender: TObject); var fFile : TextFile; sLine : String; iRow, iCol : Integer; begin iRow := 0; AssignFile(fFile, 'data.txt'); Rewrite(fFile); For iRow := 0 to 9 do begin sLine := ''; For iCol := 0 to 9 do begin sLine := sLine + sgdNames.Cells[iCol, iRow]; end; Writeln(fFile, sLine); end; CloseFile(fFile); end;

2.11 Moving item around in a StringGrid 2.11.1 Reset

procedure TfrmStringGrid.btnResetClick(Sender: TObject); begin For iPosCol := 0 to 9 do begin For iPosRow := 0 to 9 do begin sgdMoveArea.Cells[iPosCol,iPosRow] := ''; end; end; iPosCol := 0; iPosRow := 0; sgdMoveArea.Cells[iPosCol,iPosRow] := 'X'; end;

2.7 Count Xs and Os in a StringGrid

procedure TfrmStringGrid.btnCountClick(Sender: TObject); var iRow, iCol, iCountX, iCountO : Integer; begin iCountX := 0; iCountO := 0; For iCol := 0 to 9 do begin for iRow := 0 to 9 do begin if sgdNames.Cells[iCol,iRow] = 'X' then iCountX := iCountX + 1 else if sgdNames.Cells[iCol,iRow] = 'O' then iCountO := iCountO + 1 end; end; lblTotalX.Caption := 'Total Xs: ' + IntToStr(iCountX); lblTotalO.Caption := 'Total Os: ' + IntToStr(iCountO); end;

2.11.2 Move up
procedure TfrmStringGrid.btnUpClick(Sender: TObject); begin sgdMoveArea.Cells[iPosCol,iPosRow] := ''; iPosRow := iPosRow - 1; sgdMoveArea.Cells[iPosCol,iPosRow] := 'X'; end;

2.11.3 Move down

procedure TfrmStringGrid.btnDownClick(Sender: TObject); begin sgdMoveArea.Cells[iPosCol,iPosRow] := ''; iPosRow := iPosRow + 1; sgdMoveArea.Cells[iPosCol,iPosRow] := 'X'; end;

4. String handling
sSourceText := The man walks
- Determine the position of a piece of a text within a string IntegerVariable := Pos(StrToBeFound, SourceText); For example: iX := Pos (m, sSourceText); {The value of iX is now: 5} - Display a certain character within a string using square brackets at the end of a variable. StringVariable := SourceText[CharacterPosition]; For example: sNewText := sSourceText[2]; {The value of sNewText is now: h} - Display a certain section of text within a string. For example: StringVariable := Copy(SourceText, BeginPosition, Length); sNewText := Copy(sSourceText, 5, 3); {The value of sNewText is now: man} - Insert a certain section of text within a string. For example: Insert(InsertText, SourceText, Position); Insert(big , sSourceText, 5); {The value of sSourceText is now: The big man walks} - Remove a certain section of text within a string. For example: Delete(SourceText, Position, Length); Delete(sSourceText, 5, 4); {The value of sSourceText is now: The walks} - Determine the length of a string. For example: IntegerVariable := Length(SourceText); iX := Length(sSourceText); {The value of iX is now: 13} - Change the whole string to lowercase. For example: LowerCase(SourceText); LowerCase(sSourceText); {The value of sSourceText is now: the man walks} - Change the whole string to uppercase. For example: UpperCase(SourceText); UpperCase(sSourceText); {The value of sSourceText is now: THE MAN WALKS} Take note: Use UpCase for Char type.

2.11.4 Move left

procedure TfrmStringGrid.btnLeftClick(Sender: TObject); begin sgdMoveArea.Cells[iPosCol,iPosRow] := ''; iPosCol := iPosCol - 1; sgdMoveArea.Cells[iPosCol,iPosRow] := 'X'; end;

2.8 Change values of StringGrid according to coordinates from SpinEdits

procedure TfrmStringGrid.bntChangeClick(Sender: TObject); var iCol, iRow : Integer; begin iCol := sedColumn.Value; iRow := sedRow.Value; if sgdNames.Cells[iCol, iRow] = 'X' then begin sgdNames.Cells[iCol, iRow] := 'O'; end else sgdNames.Cells[iCol, iRow] := 'X'; end;

2.11.5 Move right

procedure TfrmStringGrid.btnRightClick(Sender: TObject); begin sgdMoveArea.Cells[iPosCol,iPosRow] := ''; iPosCol := iPosCol + 1; sgdMoveArea.Cells[iPosCol,iPosRow] := 'X'; end;

3. Mathematical functions
StrToInt Converts string value to integer iN := StrToInt(sNumber); IntToStr Converts integer value to string sNumber := IntToStr(iN); StrToFloat Converts string value to real rN := StrToFloat(sNumber); FloatToStr Converts real value to string sNumber := FloatToStr(rN); FloatToStrF Converts real value to string with formatting (1 number after the decimal for example) sN := FloatToStrF(rN, ffFixed, 15, 1); Trunc Truncates (cuts) the decimal point Trunc(4.5);

2.9 Get totals of columns in a StringGrid

procedure TfrmStringGrid.btnGetTotalClick (Sender: TObject); var rTotal : Real; iRow, iCol : Integer; begin sgdSales.Cells[0,5] := 'TOTAL'; For iCol := 1 to 3 do begin rTotal := 0; for iRow := 1 to 4 do begin rTotal := rTotal + StrToFloat(sgdSales.Cells[iCol,iRow]); end; sgdSales.Cells[iCol,5] := FloatToStr(rTotal); end; end;

J. Olivier (2009)