Appendix-3 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE [Para-12b]

I declare that the thesis entitled

^^e/;izns'k esa i;ZVu

fodkl dk ewY;kadu tcyiqj lfdZV ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa**

is my own work conducted under the supervision of Dr. T.S. Singhatwaria, Former Professor & Principal, Government Rani Durgawati P.G. College, Mandla (M.P.) and Dr. R.K. Agrawal, Former Professor, G.S. College of Commerce & Economics, Jabalpur, approved by Research Degree Committee. I have put-in more than 200 days of attendance with Supervisor at the centre. I further declare that to the best of my knowledge the thesis does not contain any part of any work, which has been submitted for the award of any degree either in this university or in any other university/Deemed University without proper citation.

Place: Jabalpur Date:

Signature of the Candidate

Praveen Swami

Appendix-4

CERTIFICATE BY THE SUPERVISOR (Para 12-C)

This is to certify that the work entitled

^^e/;izns'k esa

i;ZVu fodkl dk ewY;kadu tcyiqj lfdZV ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa**

is a piece of research work done by Shri Praveen Swami under our guidance and supervision for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Rani Durgawati University, Jabalpur (M.P.) India. That the candidate has put-in an attendance of more than 200 days with us. To the best of our knowledge and belief the thesis(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) embodies the work of the candidate himself has duly been completed fulfills the requirements of the Ordinance relating to the is up to the standard both in respect of contents and

Ph.D Degree of the University; and language for being referred to the examiner. Place: Jabalpur
Signature of the Co-Supervisor

Date:
Signature of the Supervisor

Dr. R.K. Agrawal

Dr. T.S. Singhatwaria

Forwarded By :-

II

iz kDdFku
i;ZVu ;k ifjHkze.k euq"; dh ,d ewy o LokHkkfod izo`fk gSA euq"; tUetkr egRokdka{kh vkSj ftKklq gksrk gSA og lrr~ vUos"k.k vkSj vkfo"dkj ds ek/;e ls uohu Kku dh [kkst esa yxk jgrk gSA vk/kqfud ;qx esa nzqrxkeh ifjogu vkSj lapkj ek/;eksa esa tks kafr vkbZ gS] mlds QyLo:i lEiw.kZ txr~ ,dhd`r gks x;k gSA Qyr% i;ZVu dk vkuUn mBkus ds izfr yksx fnu&izfrfnu vf/kd mUeq[k gksrs tk jgs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vkt i;ZVu ,d m|ksx cu x;k gS tks jkstxkj vkSj fons'kh eqnzk vftZr djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk dk fuokZg djrk gSA bl m| ksx dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd ns'k ds lk/kuksa&lalk/kuksa dk fu;kZr gq, fcuk gh bl m|ksx ds ek/;e ls fons'kh eqnzk izkIr gksrh gSA i;ZVu m|ksx dk fodkl jk"Vh; ,drk vkSj vUrjkZ"Vh; lEcU/kksa dks lqn`<+ cukus esa lgk;d fl) gksrk gSA i;ZVu ds ek/;e ls euq"; ,d&nwljs dh LkH;rk vkSj laLd`fr ls voxr gksrk gSA ;g vn~Hkqr lalkj bZ'oj }kjk fufeZr l`f"V dk ,d va'kek= gS tks vla[; lqanj&eueksgkjh izkfrd n`';ksa] ouksa] ufn;ksa&ljksojksa] ouLifr;ksa] oU;thoksa vkSj vn~Hkqr&foLe;dkjh HkkSxksfyd vkfr;ksa] ioZrksa&xqQkvksa rFkk ekuo }kjk fufeZr Hkouksa] f'kYidykvksa rFkk je.kh; LFkyksa ls Hkjk iM+k gSA dksbZ Hkh LFkku i;ZVdksa ds fy, rc rd xarO; LFky dk :i ugha ysrk gS] tc rd fd ogk mUgsa vkdf"kZr djus ds fy, dqN u dqN fo'ks"k miyC/k u gksA bl n`f"V ls Hkkjr ,oa e/;izns'k esa i;ZVu ds fodkl dh vlhe laHkkouk, gSaA
III

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa i;ZVu m|ksx ls izkIr gksus okyh vk; dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA fons'kh&eqnzk vtZu dh n`f"V ls ghjs&tokgjkr rFkk oL= fu;kZr ds ckn i;ZVu rhljk lcls cM+k vk; dk lzksr gSA vkt lEiw.kZ fo'o esa lcls cM+s m|ksx ds :i esa izfr"Bk izkIr dj pqds i;ZVu m|ksx dk foxr nks&rhu n'kdksa esa bruh rhoz xfr ls fodkl gqvk gS fd i;ZVu ds izfr u dsoy yksxksa ds n`f"Vdks.k esa ldkjkRed ifjorZu gqvk gS] vfirq lEiw.kZ fo'o esa ,d uohu i;ZVu vo/kkj.kk fodflr gks jgh gSA oLrqr% i;ZVu dk egRo u dsoy euksjatu] vkeksn&izeksn] KkuktZu ,oa /kkfeZd&vk/;kfRed n`f"V ls gS vfirq i;ZVu m|ksx ds :i esa vkfFkZd n`f"V ls Hkh vR;kf/kd egRoiw.kZ gSA Hkkjr esa o"kZ 2001 esa 25-38 yk[k fons'kh i;ZVdksa dk vkxeu gqvk vkSj 3198 fefy;u MkWyj dh fons'kh eqnzk izkIr gqbZA o"kZ 2009 esa budh la[;k c<+dj 50 yk[k ls vf/kd rFkk fons'kh eqnzk dh izkfIr 372 izfr'kr c<+dj 11894 fefy;u MkWyj gks xbZA ;gh ugha] i;ZVu m|ksx Hkkjr esa izfro"kZ vkSlr 5 djksM+ ls vf/kd yksxksa dks jkstxkj iznku djrk gSA vkt lHkh bl rF; ls ifjfpr gSa fd fo'o vFkZO;oLFkk esa i;ZVu dk ftruk ;ksxnku gS] mruk vU; fdlh Hkh O;olk; ;k m|ksx dk ugha gSA igys fo'o Hkj esa O;kikfjd] ,sfrgkfld] /kkfeZd o lkaLfrd i;ZVu dks izkFkfedrk nh tkrh Fkh] fdarq orZeku ifjofrZr ifjos'k esa i;ZVdksa dh ilan vfHk:fp] euksjatu vfHko`fk;ksa o lq[k lqfo/kkvksa dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, xzkeh.k i;ZVu] lkeqnkf;d i;ZVu] bZdks VwfjTe]
IV

LokLF; i;ZVu] ioZrkjksg.k & lkgfld i;ZVu] ?kqM+lokjh] e:LFkyh; ;k=k] V lokjh vkfn xfrfof/k;ksa ds ek/;e ls vf/kdkf/kd i;ZVd vkdf"kZr djus dk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA i;ZVu ds ;s lHkh uohu ?kVd ns'kh&fons'kh i;ZVdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus esa ,d cM+h lhek rd lQy Hkh jgs gSaA Hkkjr dk n; LFky e/;izns'k fu%lansg i;ZVdksa ds fy, LoxZ gSA Hkkjr ds ekufp= ij tc e/;izns'k dk uke mHkjrk gS] rks dqN ,slk gh cgqjaxh fp= mHkjrk gSA ;gk izkfrd] ,sfrgkfld vkSj lkaLfrd fofo/krk, izpqjrk ls Hkjh iM+h gSa] tks ns'kh o fons'kh i;ZVdksa dks vkdf"kZr djrh gSaA ;gk izknsf'kd] jk"Vh; o varjkZ"Vh; egRo ds yxHkx 400 egRoiw.kZ LFky gSa] ftlesa ls 18 jk"Vh; ,oa varjkZ"Vh; Lrj ij [;kfrizkIr gSaA [ktqjkgks] lkaph] HkhecSBdk] ekaMw] dkUgk] ipe<+h] HksM+k?kkV tSls vusd dsUnz lkfgR;] dyk&laLfr vkSj fQYe m|ksx ds eq[; fo"k;oLrq jgs gSaA lEiw.kZ e/;izns'k jkT; dks i;ZVu m|ksx ds fodkl ,oa O;olk; dh n`f"V ls 4 o`kksa ;k lfdZV~l esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA tcyiqj muesa ls ,d gSA izfr dk vkuan/kke laLdkj/kkuh tcyiqj uxj e/;izns'k ds egRoiw.kZ uxjksa esa ls ,d gSA tcyiqj lfdZV esa izfl) HksM+k?kkV dh laxejej f'kyk,] tyizikr vkSj /kqvk/kkj gSA tcyiqj ds vklikl fLFkr cka/kox<+ vH;kj.;] dkUgk vH;kj.;] isap vH;kj.; ds lkFk&LkkFk ueZnk dk mn~xe LFky vejdaVd /kkfeZd i;ZVu LFky ds :i esa n'kZuh; gSA buds vfrfj tcyiqj ds lehi pkjksa vksj QkWfly ikdZ] f'kykys[k rFkk izfl) ,sfrgkfld /kkfeZd i;ZVd LFky gSaA blh lfdZV esa fLFkr eaMyk xkSaM+ jktdkyhu fdyksa
V

vkSj Lekjdksa ds fy, izfl) gSA tcyiqj dk lehih {ks= ioZrksa&?kkfV;ksa vkSj ouksa ls vkPNkfnr gS rFkk ueZnk unh ds vapyksa] izfl) ?kkVksa] izkfrd LFkyksa] ty izikrksa ij ,sls izfl) i;ZVu dsUnz gSa] ftudk bl m|ksx ds fodkl gsrq dkQh egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA ueZnk unh ftys esa nf{k.k fn'kk ls izos'k djrh gS rFkk 28 ehy ds izokg {ks= ds vkl&ikl dbZ je.kh; LFky] tyizikr] rV] ? kkV] ,sfrgkfld eafnj vkSj lqanj izkfrd n`'; gSaA tcyiqj lfdZV esa i;ZVu m|ksx ds fodkl dh vikj laHkkouk, fNih gSa] ftls izLrqr 'kks/k&v/;;u ds ek/;e ls tkuus dk ,d y?kq iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA e/;izns'k esa i;ZVu m|ksx ds egRo dks vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd n`f"V ls igpkuus dh vko';drk gSA ;gk ds i;ZVu vkd"kZ.k dks yksxksa rd igqpkus ds fy, leqfpr izpkj&izlkj vko';d gSA vU; m|ksxksa dh rjg i;ZVu dks Hkh ,d lqlaxfBr ,oa lqfu;ksftr fodkl dh j.kuhfr dh vko';drk gS rkfd izns'k ds i;ZVu LFkyksa dh vksj ns'k&fons'k ds yksxksa dk /;ku vkdf"kZr fd;k tk lds rFkk ;gk dh turk dks jkstxkj ,oa ljdkj dks jktLo dh izkfIr gks ldsA oLrqr% e/;izns'k esa fo'ks"kdj tcyiqj lfdZV esa miyC/k i;ZVu LFkyksa ds fodkl ,oa lqfo/kkvksa dk ewY;kadu djus] i;ZVu ds vkfFkZd] lkekftd] lkaLfrd ,oa i;kZoj.kh; ewY;ksa o izHkkoksa dks vkdus] i;ZVu {ks= ds fodkl ds ekxZ esa vkus okyh ck/kkvksa dks Kkr dj muds fujkdj.k ds mik; [kkstus dh n`f"V ls e/;izns'k esa i;ZVu m|ksx ds fodkl ij izLrqr 'kks/k&fo"k; ^^e/;izns'k esa i;ZVu fodkl dk ewY;kadu tcyiqj lfdZV ds
VI

fo'ks"k

lanHkZ

esa**

vfr

egRoiw.kZ

,oa

izklafxdgSA blfy, bl fo"k; dks 'kks/k&v/;;u gsrq pqudj iw.kZ fd;k x;k gS rFkk vkt bl 'kks/k&xzaFk dh jpuk iw.kZ gksrh gSA izLrqr 'kks/k&xzaFk dh jpuk dk foLrkj 7 v/;k;ksa esa fd;k x;k gS ftudk laf{kIr Lo:i bl izdkj gS & izFke v/;k; dk 'kh"kZd **izLrkouk ,oa 'kks/k&izfof/k^^ ds :i esa lq'kksfHkr gS ftlds varxZr 'kks/k&fo"k; dk ifjp;] v/;;u dh mikns;rk] izfr] {ks=] egRo] ms'; ,oa ifjdYiukvksa dks lekfgr fd;k x;k gSA blh v/;k; esa 'kks/k&v/;;u dh fof/k] lead laxzg.k dh fof/k;k vkSj miyC/k lkfgR; ds losZ{k.k dks LFkku fn;k x;k gSA f}rh; v/;k; ftls **lkfgR; dk iqujkoyksdu^^ 'kh"kZd dh laKk nh xbZ gS] bl v/;k; esa 'kks/k&fo"k; ls lacaf/kr lkfgR; ds v/;;u&iqujkoyksdu dks lekfgr fd;k x;k gSA r`rh; v/;k; **i;ZVu dh vo/kkj.kk] Lo:i] fodkl ,oa egRo^^ vius 'kh"kZd ds vuq:i i;ZVu dh vo/kkj.kk] Lo:i] fodkl ,oa vFkZO;oLFkk esa blds egRo dks izJ; nsrk gSA prqFkZ v/;k; dk 'kh"kZd **e/;izns'k jkT; esa i;ZVu ds fodkl esa jkT; ljdkj dh Hkwfedk^^ ds uke ls vyar gS ftlesa e/;izns'k jkT; RkFkk izeq[k i;ZVu LFkyksa dk ifjp; fn;k x;k gSA blh esa jkT; ljdkj }kjk fd, x, i;ZVu fodkl ds iz;klksa o ljdkj dh Hkwfedk dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA ljdkj }kjk e/;izns'k jkT; i;ZVu fodkl fuxe ds ek/;e ls miyC/k djkbZ tkus okyh fofHk lqfo/kkvksa ;Fkk& ifjogu] vkokl] Hkkstu] euksjatu] vkeksn&izeksn ,oa xkbM dh lqfo/kk, bR;kfn dk foLr`r
VII

o.kZu miyC/k gSA iape v/;k; dks **e/;izns'k esa i;ZVu ds fodkl gsrq dk;Ze ,oa ;kstuk,^^ 'kh"kZd ds ek/;e ls foLrkfjr fd;k x;k gS ftlesa fuxe }kjk i;ZVdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus gsrq miyC/k vfHkizsj.kkvksa ,oa mRlo] dk foLr`r o.kZu gS tSls&i;ZVu esys euksjatu] lkaLfrd

dk;Ze] ;krk;kr fj;k;r] iSdst VwlZ ,oa izpkj&izlkj vkfnA "k"Be v/;k; dk 'kh"kZd **tcyiqj lfdZV esa i;ZVu ds fodkl dk ewY;kadu ,oa laHkkouk,^^ 'kks/k&v/;;u dh vkRek ,oa thou LoRo Lo:i gS tks 'kks/k&v/;;u dh lkFkZdrk ds lkFk gh e/;izns'k jkT; esa i;ZVu ds fodkl dk ewY;kadu djus dh n`f"V ls 'kks/k&{ks= tcyiqj lfdZV esa fd, x, eSnkuh v/;;u rFkk mlds rF;ijd ewY;kadu dks izJ; nsrk gSA blh v/;k; esa losZ{k.k ij vk/kkfjr O;ogkfjd v/;;u dks LFkku fn;k x;k gSA 'kks/k&v/;;u dh ifjdYiukvksa dk ijh{k.k Hkh blh v/;k; esa lekfgr gSA lIre v/;k; i;ZVu fodkl laca/kh leL;kvksa ,oa lek/kku fu:i.k ds :i esa **e/;izns'k jkT; esa i;ZVu ds fodkl dh LkeL;k,] lek/kku ,oa lq>ko^^ 'kh"kZd ls 'kksHkk;eku gSA blh v/;k; esa jkT; esa i;ZVu fodkl ,oa O;kIr leL;kvksa ds lek/kku gsrq 'kkldh; iz;klksa rFkk 'kks/k ls fu"df"kZr mi;q lq>koksa dks Hkh LFkku fn;k x;k gSA

LFkku% tcyiqj fnukad Lokeh

VIII

izoh.k

vkHkkj ,oa d`rKrk

izLrqr 'kks/k&v/;;u ^^e/;izns'k esa i;ZVu fodkl dk ewY;kadu tcyiqj lfdZV ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa** dh ladYiuk ls ysdj iw.kZrk rd vusd fo}kuksa o ofj"Btuksa dk ekxZn'kZu vkSj izksRlkgu rFkk fe=ksa o 'kqHkfpardksa dk lg;ksx jgk gSA eSa mu lHkh ds izfr n; ls ;Fkk;ksX; vkHkkj ,oa /kU;okn izdV djuk viuk ikou drZO; ekurk gwA loZizFke eaxyewfrZ Hkxoku x.ks'k th ,oa fo| k dh vf/k"Bk=h nsoh ek ljLorh ds pj.kksa esa dksfV&dksV ueu djrk gwA rRi'pkr~ bl 'kks/k&izca/k dh ladYiuk ls ysdj bldks :ikdkj djus ds fy, viuk vewY; ekxZn'kZu nsus] izksRlkgu nsus rFkk gj fof/k ls izR;{k o vizR;{k :i esa lg;ksx iznku djus ds fy, eSa vius 'kks/k&funsZ'kd J)s; MkW- Vh-,l- fla? kVokfM+;k] iwoZ izk/;kid o izkpk;Z] 'kkldh; jkuh nqxkZorh Lukrdkskj egkfo|ky;] e.Myk ,oa MkW- vkjds- vxzoky] lsokfuo`k izk/;kid vFkZ'kkL= th-,lvFkZ&okf.kT; egkfo|ky;] tcyiqj ds izfr gkfnZd vkHkkj O; djrk gw ftUgksaus vius vlk/kkj.k ekxZn'kZu ls eq>s izksRlkfgr fd;k ,oa v/;;u lEca/kh tfVyrkvksa dk fujkdj.k djds eq>esa vkRefo'okl tkx`r fd;kA vkids dq'ky funsZ'ku ds dkj.k gh ;g 'kks/k&dk;Z lEi gks ldkA e/;izns'k i;ZVu foHkkx] e-iz jkT; i;ZVUk fodkl fuxe ,oa tcyiqj i;ZVu lfdZV ds vf/kdkfj;ksa] deZpkfj;ksa ,oa mu i;ZVdksa ds izfr Hkh eSa ureLrd gw ftUgksaus vius i;ZVu ,oa vU; xfrfof/k;ksa ls lacaf/kr egRoiw.kZ tkudkfj;k iz'ukskj ds ek/;e ls iznku dj esjs v/;;u dks laHko o lqxe cuk;k] vius O;Lrre thou ls tks
IX

vewY; {k.k esjs dk;Z dh iw.kZrk gsrq iznku fd, mlds fy, mudk 'kr~ 'kr~ vkHkkjA 'kks/k&v/;;u dks iw.kZ djus dh yxkrkj izsj.kk] izksRlkgu ,oa 'kqHkk'kh"k eq>s esjs iwT; firkth Jh ,e".kkLokeh ,oa iwT; ekrkth Jherh fot;y{eh ls izkIr gq,A esjs thou&fuekZ.k vkSj 'kks/k&izca/k dh lEirk ds fy, muds _.k ls eSa dHkh Hkh eq ugha gks ldwxkA esjs cM+s HkkbZ Jh uohu Lokeh] NksVh cgu izehyk ,oa vius fe= MkW- lq/kh'k iVSy] lgk;d izk/;kid] lh-ihefgyk egkfo|ky;] tcyiqj rFkk lHkh lg;ksfx;ksa dk lnSo rK jgwxk ftUgksaus bl v/;;u ls lacaf/kr vusd dk;ksZa ds fy, eq>s izsj.kk vkSj vlhfer lg;ksx iznku fd;k vkSj 'kks/k&v/;;u dh iw.kZrk esa eq>s lgk;rk igqpkbZA

LFkku% tcyiqj izoh.k Lokeh fnukad 'kks/k&Nk=