Mathematics QS 026

Topic 2: Trigonometric Functions Tutorial

________________________________________________________________________

8


1. Convert the following angles to radians, leaving your answer in terms of t.
a) 22.5
o
b) 450
o
c) 720
o

2. Find the exact value of each expression. Do not use calculator.
0
( ) sin150 (b) cos210 ( ) tan240
(d) sin(-135 ) (e) tan(-150 ) (f) cos(-420 )
a c


3. Find the exact value of each expression. Do not use calculator.

( )sin90 tan45 (b)cos180 sin180 (c)csc45 tan60
( )sec30 cot45 (e)sin cos (f)3csc cot
4 4 3 4
a
d
+
t t t t
+

4. Prove that
( )
4
2 2
2
2 4 2 4 2
sin 1 cot
( ) tan sin ( )
1 tan 1 cot
cos
1 1
2csc ( ) cot cot csc csc
1 cos 1 cos
a b
c A d x x x x
A A
u u
u u
u u
u
= =
+ +
+ = + =
+

u u u u
2 4 2 4
tan tan sec sec ) ( + = e

5. Find without using table or calculator, express the following in surd form

o
( ) sin15 (b) cos105 (c) tan195 (d) cot 75 a
6. Find without using tables, the value of

tan15 - 1
tan15 1
(b) ) 75 sin - 75 (cos
2
1
) (
+
a
7. If sinA=
5
4
and cosB=
13
5
, where A is acute angle and B is obtuse angle, find the
exact value of (a) sin(A+B) (b)cos(A-B) (c) tan(A+B)

8. Without using calculator, find the value of
0 0 2 2
2
2tan75
( )2cos15 sin15 (b)2cos 67.5 1 (c)1-2sin 22.5 (d)
1-tan 75
a
9. Express each product as a sum or a difference
( ) 2cos4 cos (b) sin2x cos3x a u u

10. If cos A = sinB = tanC = 1/2, where A,B,C are respectively in the first , second and
third quadrants, find the value of sin(A+B+C)

11. Prove the identity u
u u
u u
2 tan
sin 3 sin
3 cos cos
=

CHAPTER 2 : TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS


Mathematics QS 026
Topic 2: Trigonometric Functions Tutorial
________________________________________________________________________

9
12. Express each sum or difference as a product
( )sin4 sin2 (b)cos2 cos4 (c)cos5 -cos3 (d) sin 3 - sin 2 a u+ u u+ u u u u u
13. Show that
2
tan 1
2
tan - 1
cos and
2
tan 1
2
tan 2
sin
2
2
2
u
u
u
u
u
u
+
=
+
=
14. Solve the following equations for 0
o
x 360
o

(a) sin 3x =
2
1
(b) 4cos
2
2x = 1 (c) 8sin
2
x 2sin x = 1

15. Solve the following equations:
(a) tan 3x = tan
6
t
where - t < x < t .
(b) sec( x + 30
o
) = 2 where -180
o
< x < 180
o

(c) 7sin
2
x cos
2
x = 1 for - t < x < t .

16. Given that sec x 5 tan x = 3 cos x, show that 3sin
2
x 5 sin x 2 = 0. Solve the
equation sec x 5 tan x = 3 cos x for 0 < x < 2 t .
17. By using t = tan
2
u
solve the following equations for t < u < t .
3 cos u - 4 sin u = 4

18. Express 5 sin u + 12 cos u in the form R sin( u + o), where R is positive and o is
acute, giving the value of o to the nearest 0.1
o
. Hence solve the equation 6 sec u - 5
tan u = 12 for values of u lying between 0
o
and 360
o
, giving your answers to the
nearest 0.1
o
.

19. Sketch the graphs for the following functions in the given domains:
(a) y = sin
2
x
, -2 x 2
(b) y = 2cos x , - x
(c) y = tan 2x , - x

20. Express 3cos 2 sin 2 u u in the form R cos(2u + o), where R is positive and o is
an acute angle in radian. Find the maximum and the minimum value of
3cos 2 sin 2 u u . Hence, solve the equation
3
3cos 2 sin 2 for 0 360
2
x u u = s s




Mathematics QS 026
Topic 2: Trigonometric Functions Tutorial
________________________________________________________________________

10
21. Use the formula for cos(A + B) to show that cos
2
x =
2
1
(1 + cos 2x), and write
down a similar expression for sin
2
x. Given that f(x) = 10 cos
2
x + 2 sin
2
x
+ 6 sin x cos x, express f(x) in the form Q + Rsin(2x + o),where Q, R are
constants and tan o=
3
4
.Hence (a) find the greatest and least values of f(x),
(b) sketch the graph of y = f(x) for t s s 2 x 0

22. Find the numerical value of the expression
a)
|
|
.
|

\
|

2
3
sin
1
b)
|
|
.
|

\
|

3
1
tan
1
c)
|
|
.
|

\
|

3
3 2
csc
1
d)
(

|
.
|

\
|

2
1
arcsin sin
e) cos[arctan(-1)] f) tan ( arcsec 2 )

23. Simplify the expression.
(a) cos(arcsin x) (b) sec(arctan x) (c) cos(arccot x
2
) (d) cos(2 arcsinx)

24. Differentiate with respect to x
a) e
2x
sin 3x b) ln ( sin x ) c) sin
3
x
d) x
2
cos x e) ln ( 1 + cos x ) f) ln ( sin
2
x )
25. If y = ae
sin x
, where a is a constant, prove that ( ) tan x - x cos
dx
dy

dx
y d
2
2
=
26. Differentiate with respect to t.
a) e
2t
cos t b) sin ( t
3
+ 4 )

27. Find the derivative with respect to x:
a)
x
x sin
b) ln ( tan x ) c)
sin x - 1
x cos

28. Given that
ln(sec tan ), y x x x = +

2
x 0
t
< s , find
dx
dy
, leaving your result in a
form which involves only one trigonometric function.
29. If y = ln (sin
3
2x), find
dx
dy
and prove 0 36
dx
dy

dx
y d
3
2
2
2
= + |
.
|

\
|
+
30. Given that |
.
|

\
|
=
x
y
sin ye
x 2
, find
dx
dy
in terms of x and y.
31. Given that
3
cos3 ,
t
x e t =
3
sin3 ,
t
y e t =
show that ( ) 3t tan
dx
dy
4
t
+ =
32. A curve has parametric equations 2 sin2 x t t = + , y = cos 2t,
2
t 0
t
< < ,
show that, at the point with parameter t, the gradient of the curve is -tan t.



Mathematics QS 026
Topic 2: Trigonometric Functions Tutorial
________________________________________________________________________

11
33. Find the following integrals:
a)
2
cos (3 ) x dx
}
b)
( )
2
sin
3
x
dx
}
c)
sin2 x x dx
}
d)
2
cos2 x x dx
}

e)
2
1
1 cos
dx
x
}
f)
3
sin 3 x dx
}
g)
4
cos
2
x
dx
}
h)
2 3
sin 2 cos 2 x x dx
}

i)
sin5 cos7 x x dx
}
j)
sin3 sin x x dx
}



34. Find the exact value of :
a)
4
0
2cos cos2 x x dx
t
}
b)
6
0
tan2 x dx
t
}
c)
3
3
sec tan dx
t
t
u u

}

d) 2
4
6
csc x dx
t
t }
e)
4
3
cot x dx
t
t }

35. Show that ) (tan
d
d
3
u
u
can be expressed in the form
4 2
3tan 3sec 3 u u + .
Hence or otherwise find
4
4
0
tan .
t
u
}


36. Determine the area of the shaded region and find the volume of the solid generated by
revolving the shaded region about the x-axis through
0
360
.












37. Find the volume of a region bounded by a curve
sin , , axis and axis x x y x t =
when it
is rotated completing about -axis x .










Mathematics QS 026
Topic 2: Trigonometric Functions Tutorial
________________________________________________________________________

12
PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

1. By using the identity
( ) sin A B +
sin cos cos sin A B A B = + , prove that for any X and
Y,
sin sin 2sin cos
2 2
X Y X Y
X Y
+
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .
Hence, solve the equation,
sin sin5 sin3 x x x + = for 0 x t s s (2001/12M)

2. Find the integral
2
cos2
x
e xdx
}
. Hence, find the volume of the solid generated when the
region in the first quadrant bounded by the curve
sin
x
y e x =
, x-axis and the line

2
x
t
=
is rotated through an angle of 2t radian about the x-axis. (2001/12M)

3. By using the substitution tan t x = , prove that
2
2
4 6 4
3sin2 4cos 2
1
t t
x x
t
+
=
+

Hence, a) solve
3sin2 4cos2 4,
2 2
x x x
t t
= < <

b) prove that 3 ln
10
1
=
x 2 cos 4 - x 2 sin 3
dx
3
1 -
tan
4

(2002/15M)

4. Find
dx
dy
for each of the following cases:
(a) y = cos(2 3x) (2 marks)
(b) y = x
2
sin 2x (2marks)
(c) y + cos y = x + cos x (2 marks) (2003/6M)

5. Evaluate each of the following integrals:
(a)

2
1

0
cos 5 sin

xdx x (4 marks)
(b)
2
3
sin
cos

d (4 marks)
(c)

3
1

0
2 2
cos sin

d (4 marks)
(2003/12M)
6. Given that f( ) = 4cos + 3sin

(a) Express f( ) in the form of rcos ( - ) for r >0 and 0
o
< < 90
o
(4 marks)
(b) Sketch the curve for f( ). (2 marks)
(c) Find all the values of for which f( ) = 2 (3 marks)
(d) Find all the values of which satisfy ) f( 2 (4 marks)
(2003/13M)
Mathematics QS 026
Topic 2: Trigonometric Functions Tutorial
________________________________________________________________________

13
7. Show that sec 2
sin 1
1
sin 1
1
2
=
+
+

. (2 marks)
Hence, evaluate
4
0
1 1
1 sin3 1 sin3
dx
x x
t
+
+
}
(4 marks)
(2004/6M)
8. Find
dx
dy
if
(a) y = tan
3
(x
3
+ 2) . (3 marks)

(b) sin(x y) = ycos x (4 marks) (2004/7M)

9. (a) Given that f(x) = cos x, 0s x s . State the domain and range of f
-1
(x).
Sketch the graphs of f and f
-1
on the same coordinate axes. (6 marks)

(b) If tan |
.
|

\
|
2
x
= t, find sin x and cos x in terms of t. Hence, solve cos x + 7sin x = 5, for
0s x s . (6 marks)
(2004/12M)

10.(a) Show that
tan tan
tan( )
1 tan tan
A B
A B
A B
+
+

=
(5 marks)

(b) If
|
if an acute angle and 1
1
sin ,
5
|

=
show that
1
tan .
2
| =
Hence, by using the
expansion of
tan( ), A B +
show that
1
1
1 1
tan sin
3 4 5
t

| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .

(7 marks) (2005/12M)

11. If
tan ,
2
x
t =
express sin x and cosx in term of t . Hence, (2 marks)
(a) find all values of t which satisfy 3cos 4sin 5. x x = (4 marks)

(b) evaluate 2
0
1
1 sin
dx
x
t
+
}
(6 marks)
(2005/12M)

12. Given that
1
tan ( 2) o

= and tan
1
(3) |

= , find the value of cot( ) o | + . (2006/5M)

Mathematics QS 026
Topic 2: Trigonometric Functions Tutorial
________________________________________________________________________

14
13. Show that sin sin 2cos sin
2 2
A B A B
A B
+ | | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
. Hence, evaluate

6
0
cos 4 sin2 x xdx
t
}
, giving your answer in a fraction form. (2006/10M)

14. a) Show that 4sin2 3cos 2 3sin 3 sin (8cos 6sin 3) u u u u u u + = . (3M)

b) Express 8cos 6sin u u in the form of sin( ) R u o , where R is positive and o is
an acute angle in radian. (5M)

c) By using the facts in (a) and (b), solve 4sin2 3sin 3cos2 3 u u u = + for
0 u t s s . Give your answers in radian correct to three significant figures. (7M)
(2006/15M)

15. By using the identity
2 2
sin cos 1 + = x x , show that
( )
1 2
cos sin 1

= x x .
Hence, compute cot
1
1
sin
3

| |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
without using calculator. (2007/6M)

16. Show that
( )
2
cos6 cos 2 4cos 2 3 = x x x . Hence, evaluate

( )
6
2
0
cos 2 4cos 2 3
}
x x x dx
t
(2007/11M)

17. (a) Let
( ) , P x y be a point on a unit circle with centre O at the origin, such that
OPmakes an angle acuteu with the positive x axis. Prove that
2 2
sin cos 1, + = u u
and hence, show that

2 2
sec 1 tan . = + u u (5M)

(b) Show that the equation

( ) cos sin cos 1 0 + = x x x
can be reduced to

( ) tan 1 tan 0 = x x
Hence, solve for x on the interval
| |
0, 2t . (5M)

(c) Find the area enclosed by the curve
( ) ( ) tan 1 tan = f x x x and the
x -axis in the first quadrant. (5M)
(2007)


Mathematics QS 026
Topic 2: Trigonometric Functions Tutorial
________________________________________________________________________

15
ANSWERS FOR TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

5
1. a) rad b) rad c) 4 rad
8 2
1 3 2 3 1
2. a) b) - c) 3 d) - e) f)
2 2 2 3 2
2 3
3. a) 2 b) - 1 c) 6 d) e) 0 f) 2 3 1
3
6 2 2 6
5. a) b) c) 2- 3 (d) 2
4 4
t
t t
+

- 3
1
6. a) - b) 3
2

16 33 16
7. a) b) c) -
65 65 63
1 2 2 3
8. a) b) - c) d) -
2 2 2 3
1
9. a) cos 5 cos 3 b) (sin 5x - sin x )
2
2 5 15
10.
10
12. a) 2sin 3 cos b) 2cos 3 cos c) - 2 sin 4
u u
u u u u u
+
+
5
sin d) 2cos ( ) sin( )
2 2
u u
u

14. (a) x = 10
o
, 50
o
, 130
o
, 170
o
, 250
o
, 290
o

(b) x = 30
o
, 60
o
, 120
o
, 150
o
, 210
o
, 240
o
, 300
o
, 330
o

(c) x = 30
o
, 150
o
, 194.5
o
, 345.5
o

15.(a)
18
5t
,
8
11t
,
18
17t
,
18
t
,
18
7t
,
18
13t
.
(b) -90
0
, 30
0 .

(c)
6
t
,
6
5t
,
6
t
,
6
5t
.
16. 3.48 rad, 5.94 rad
17.
2
t
, -0.284.
18.
( )
13sin 67.4 , 85.10 , 320.10 . u +
20.
( )
3cos 2 sin2 2cos 2 30 u u u = +
Maximum value = 2
Minimum value = -2
5.7 ,114.3 ,185.7 , 324.3 u =

Mathematics QS 026
Topic 2: Trigonometric Functions Tutorial
________________________________________________________________________

16
21. 6 + 5 sin ( 2x + 53.13 )
(a) greatest value = 11 ,
least value = 1
22. (a) 1.047 (b) -0.524 (c) 1.047 (d) -0.5 (e)
2
1
(f) 1.
23. (a)
2
1 x (b) 1
2
+ x (c)
1
4
2
+ x
x
(d) 1 2x
2
24. (a) e
2x
(3cos 3x + 2sin 3x) (b) cot x (c) 3sin
2
xcos x
(d) 2xcos x x
2
sin x (e)
x cos 1
x sin
+

(f) 2cot x
26. (a) e
2t
(2cos t sin t) (b) 3t
2
cos(t
3
+ 4)
27. (a)
2
x
x sin
x
x cos
(b)
x cos x sin
1
(c)
sin x 1
1

28. x sec 1 =
dx
dy

29. 2x cot 6 =
dx
dy

30.
) (cos
) 2 (cos
2
2 2
x
x
xe
x
y
x
e x
x
y
y
dx
dy

+
=
33. (a) C x x + + ) 6 sin 6 (
12
1
(b) C
x
x + )
3
2
sin 3 2 (
4
1

(c) C x x x + +

2 sin
4
1
2 cos
2
1
(d) C x x x x x + + 2 sin
4
1
2 cos
2
1
2 sin
2
1
2

(e) cot x + C (f)
3
1
(3cos3 cos 3 )
9
x x C

+
(g) C x x x + + + 2 sin
16
1
sin
2
1
8
3
(h) C x x + ) 2 sin 3 2 sin 5 (
30
1
5 3

(i)
1
48
(2cos 12 x - 12cos 2x) + C (j) - C x x + ) 4 sin 2 sin 2 (
8
1

34. 2
3
2
(a) (b) 2 ln
2
1
(c) 0 (d) 1 3 (e)
3
2
ln
2
1

35.
3
2
4

t

36. Area = 4 unit
2
; Volume =
2
t unit
3


37.
2
3
( )
2
unit
t



Mathematics QS 026
Topic 2: Trigonometric Functions Tutorial
________________________________________________________________________

17
ANSWERS FOR PAST YEAR
QUESTIONS

1. x = 0,
6

,
3

,
3
2
, ,
6
5


2.
2
1
(sin 2 cos 2 )
4
x
e x x C + + ;
) 1 - e 3 (
8

3. a) 0.927 radian
4. a) 3sin(2 3x)
b) 2x(xcos2x + sin 2x)
c)
y sin - 1
x sin - 1

5. a)
6
1
b)
sin
1
- sin + C
c) 0.158

6. a) 5cos( - 36.87) c) 103.29
o
,
330.45
o


d) 103.29
o
150.45
o
or 283.29
o

330.45
o


7.
3
2


8. (a) 9x
2
tan
2
(x
3
+ 2) sec
2
(x
3
+ 2)
(b)
) cos( cos
sin ) cos(
y x x
x y y x
+
+


9. (a) Domain: [-1,1] Range: [0, ]
(b) sin x =
2
1
2
t
t
+
, cos x =
2
2
1
1
t
t
+

;
x = 0.644 rad , 2.214 rad

11. a)
1
2
t =
b) 1

12. 7

13.
1
24


14. b) 8cos 6sin 10sin( 0.927) u u u =
c) 0 ,1.23 and rad rad rad u t =

15. 2 2

16.
1
18

17. b)
5
0, , , , 2
4 4
x
t t
t t =
c) 0.132


TIPS

1. Please refer to CD 2 and CD 3 QS 026. (CDs are available in the library)