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Lecture 2

This document discusses arrays and functions in C++. It defines functions as modules and describes predefined functions like abs() and islower(). It explains user-defined functions can be value-returning or void. Value-returning functions have a return type and return value. Arrays are described as structured data types that allow storing multiple values of the same type, unlike simple data types that store one value. One-dimensional arrays are defined as lists, declared with a data type and size. Components are accessed using array subscripts.

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Muhammad Zulhilmi Wak Jong
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38 views

Lecture 2

This document discusses arrays and functions in C++. It defines functions as modules and describes predefined functions like abs() and islower(). It explains user-defined functions can be value-returning or void. Value-returning functions have a return type and return value. Arrays are described as structured data types that allow storing multiple values of the same type, unlike simple data types that store one value. One-dimensional arrays are defined as lists, declared with a data type and size. Components are accessed using array subscripts.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Zulhilmi Wak Jong
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arrays and Functions

Ref.: International Edition, Malik, C++ Programming: Program Design Including Data Structures, 6th edition, CENGAGE Learning

Functions
Functions - aka modules

Predefined Functions - examples


Function abs(x) |x| Meaning Function islower(x) Meaning islower(h) = 1; identifies lower case letters isupper(H) = 1 xy
x

ceil(x) cos(x) exp(x)

ceil(56.34) 57.0 ex

isupper(x) pow(x,y) sqrt(x)

fabs(x)
floor(x)

|x|
floor(45.67) = 45.0

tolower(x)
toupper(x)

tolower(H) = h
toupper(h) = H

User-Defined Functions
Value-returning functions have a return type Void functions do not have a return type

Value-Returning Functions
e.g.
heading or function header

int abs(int number) { if (number < 0) a parameter body number = -number; return number; } All of the above is called the functions definition.

Arrays
simple data type a variable can only store 1 value structured data type a variable can store several values e.g. input 5 integer test scores called test1, test2, , test5. Output the average and output those test scores that are less than the average

Arrays
int test1, test2, cin >> test1 >> test2 >> average = (test1 + test2 + if (test1 < average) if (test2 < average) This is clumsy!

Arrays
Array: A collection of a fixed number of components, all of the same type. 1-dimensional array: a list declaration: dataType arrayName [intExp]; e.g. int num[5] The components are num*0+, num*1+, num[4]

Accessing Array Components


[ ] is called array subscripting operator

arrayName [indexExp]
called index

an integer 0

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