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CPW-fed Slot Patch Antenna for 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN Application

Abstract In microwave and millimeter wave applications, slot antennas fed by coplanar
waveguide (CPW) are receiving increasing attention. In this paper, a CPW-fed patch antenna with slots is presented. The antenna consists of patch structure with two rectangular slots on it. The physical size of the proposed antenna is 30 mm 24 mm. Antenna was designed on a polyon polyguide substrate with dielectric constant = 2.32 and thickness of 1.59 mm. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 4.1 GHz ranging from 4.8 GHz to 8.9 GHz and has a fractional bandwidth of 60%. The proposed CPW-fed slot patch antenna produces a 30% higher bandwidth compared to the conventional CPW-fed patch antenna. The antenna is resonating at 5.5 GHz and gives monopolar radiation pattern at this frequency. This antenna can be used in 5.2 GHz/5.8 GHz WLAN application. 1. INTRODUCTION

Recently, with the wireless communications, such as the wireless local area network (WLAN), having evolved at astonishing rate, it has been well known that the future communication technology pressingly demands integration of more than one communication system into a limited equipment space. This has stimulated the interest in investigation of various WLAN antennas that are low-prole, lightweight, ush mounted and single-feed, to t in the limited equipment space of WLAN devices, and have dual or multi-frequency capabilities to satisfy the WLAN standards in the 2.4 GHz (2.42.484 GHz)/5.2(5.155.35 GHz)/5.8(5.755.825 GHz)-GHz operating bands. So far many antenna designs with dual band or wideband operation capabilities to satisfy the IEEE 802.11 standards have been developed and presented [14]. Among these antennas, coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed antennas has become very popular owing to its many attractive features such as wider bandwidth, low radiation loss, a simple structure of a single metallic layer and easy integration with WLAN integrated circuits [57]. In this paper, we propose a CPW-fed slot patch antenna with wideband operation suitable for the use in the 5.2/5.8 GHz wireless local network (WLAN) applications. The geometry parameters of the antenna including the patch dimensions, the size of the coplanar ground planes, and the space between the ground planes and the patch, the slots width are all optimized using Ansoft HFSS to achieve good wideband operation. Details of the antenna design are described, and simulation results and radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna are presented.
2. ANTENNA DESIGN

Figure 1 shows the geometrical conguration of the proposed CPW-fed slot patch antenna for wideband operation. The antenna designed here has a single layer metallic structure and is etched on a side of an inexpensive polyon polyguide substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.32 and thickness of 1.59 mm, whereas the other side is without any metallization. A 50 CPW transmission line is used for feeding the antenna which consists of a signal strip thickness of Wc and a gap distance of s between the signal strip and the coplanar ground plane. The basis of the antenna is a rectangular patch with dimensions Lp and Wp which is centered and connected at the end of the CPW feed line. To achieve the wideband operation, the patch is embedded with a two rectangular slots with the width c as shown in the gure. By using the slot inside the patch, a new resonator will be excited whose resonant frequency is higher than the patch resonant frequency. Since we have included two slots, three resonators will be excited when combined gives a wideband response. To investigate the performance of the proposed antenna conguration in terms of achieving wideband operation, a commercially available Ansoft HFSS was used for the required analysis and to obtain the proper geometrical parameters as shown in the gure below.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The simulated return loss against frequency for the proposed CPW-fed slot patch antenna was shown in Fig. 2. The antenna achieves a 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 60.3% ranging from 4.8 GHz to 8.9 GHz, with respect to the central frequency at 6.8 GHz. So, the antenna can operate

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over the bands which cover the required bandwidths of the IEEE 802.11 WLAN standards in the bands at 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz. By comparing the proposed antenna return loss with that of CPWfed patch antenna without slots [8], this antenna produces 30% higher bandwidth and the resonant frequency is decreased from 6.5 GHz to 5.5 GHz.

Ls
WC

z y x

(a)

(b)

Figure 1: Geometrical conguration of proposed CPW-fed slot patch antenna. (a) Top view. (b) Side view. Ls = 24 mm, (Wg = 30 mm, Lg = 15 mm, Wc = 1.55 mm, Wp = 6 mm, Lp = 7 mm, s = 0.2 mm, c = 0.6 mm, d = 0.3 mm, h = 0.7 mm).

Figure 2: Simulated return-loss characteristics of the CPW-fed slot patch antenna.

(a) xy-plane

(b) yz-plane

(c) xz-plane

Figure 3: Simulated radiation patterns of CPW-fed slot patch antenna at 5.5 GHz. (a) xy-plane, (b) yz-plane, (c) xz-plane.

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Figure 4: Simulated peak antenna gain for frequencies across the band (5 GHz8 GHz) for the proposed antenna.

Radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna are also examined. Fig. 3 plots the radiation patterns in the elevation direction (x-z and y-z planes) and azimuthal direction(x-y plane) at 5.5 GHz of the proposed antenna. From the gure we can observe the general radiation like patterns in x-z and y-z planes and nearly omnidirectional pattern in the x-y plane are observed. The peak gain of the antenna is 3.8 dBi at the resonant frequency and the radiation eciency is found to be 91%. Finally, the antenna gain against frequency for the proposed antenna across the band is shown in Fig. 4. For the whole band, the antenna gain is within the range of 3.44.4 dBi.
4. CONCLUSION

A CPW-fed patch antenna with two rectangular slots for wideband operation has been successfully designed and simulated. With the insertion of the slots into the patch, the proposed antenna can provide a large bandwidth with the same dimensions and suitable radiation characteristics to be applied in 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN systems.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors want to acknowledge all the sta of Microwave Circuit Laboratories for their continuous support and IIT Kanpur institute for their nancial support.
REFERENCES

1. Teng, P.-L., H.-T. Chen, and K.-L. Wong, Compact wideband planar monopole antenna, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 36, No. 5, March 2003. 2. Kuo, Y.-L. and K.-L. Wong, Printed double-T monopole antenna for 2.4/5.2 GHz dual-band WLAN operations, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 9, September 2003. 3. Chen, H.-D., J.-S. Chen, and Y.-T. Cheng, Modied inverted-L monopole antenna for 2.4/5.2 GHz dual-band operations, Electronic Letters, Vol. 39, No. 22, October 2003. 4. Chung, K., T. Yun, and J. Choi, Wideband CPW-fed monopole antenna with parasitic elements and slots, Electronic Letters, Vol. 40, No. 27, August 2004. 5. Deng, S.-M., M.-D. Wu, and P. Hsu, Analysis of coplanar waveguide-fed microstrip antennas, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, Vol. 43, 734737, July 1995. 6. Giauret, L. and J.-M. Laheurte, Theoretical and expiremental characterisation of CPW-fed microstrip antennas, IEEE Proc. Microw. Antennas Propag., Vol. 143, No. 1, February 1996. 7. Liu, W.-C. and C.-M. Wu, Broadband dual-frequency CPW-fed planar monopole antenna with rectangular notch, Electronic Letters, Vol. 40, No. 11, May 27, 2004. 8. Antoniades, M. A. and G. V. Eleftheriades, A broadband dual-mode monopole antenna using NRI-TL metamaterialLoading, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 8, 2009.