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sr*^:lz-r.
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>o Al.*c1^ra..l ctog}\t*'l

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49

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pi.g.s)

4J.+ 88 4

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o"s}a32

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XU^.IL^\

5l

rvzrr"$,,o r-r.^ra,(

f*t

W f'{*",r*l

Sir

/-g."^tl.J \-^ c<AerS-

h,r=As

@ E,+. =7.

ha:{5
Y^ = rt?S"5

T.- /6?'E
a =

3, = a'u;

3.,q

rr.lst{L.:

o /'-Q'ns

f:{,

r.)ezrz u?a\Le

e n- 33

CI

s*
o

rroq

?, q1
I H= l'
ts = = L 4vg'l:_ 46+ 8* 3.1? ,{}J 's-/6" 'f + 3 '}tJ
/A

T: t ?-ql )/3-2vJ

t.\r,14r = ?

H *4=

rr)' S <.*-

)' ( f,'* c')-Gg)'

Y--'c'9

'

e6

r1=2',,t

y=

o'q5

n.,

1ae

r{-*c'or1

Costee'. \. 3

3 de,.Ad^^
n7 tarr c"r1r,.;
sr\t v'Loq4 rrrusl.*;;

nA.,*o td

F{

:r,t .c'of S

|i=c'ozS
3=+ = 7 -4 (c 9+S) = 4'2L

"-

i
1*r-:

1i=

'o'L7-9 -y=

=(4-)t'
t o'o

Ls

@x

-hl {}cge-c

4d

Uq?ro

(sf,a+ tr') - 6q2 q7

$F

LeL
+Ur t

8x

)
J'-- 6(,<f

E(r) -- *=

taj.,so-/\

1z_Z^r>)
^.)-

o'2+)

(2 )

l-ftU +g
J-l

pvtn,.ofUJo

o'o I

\Ml?

r:c *

u^-G,t
11
.S:

H:o'o/

= .='J

Ta: )-/ (rys) = 4'%

n = ft 1'?f .'-:l'
/sqs+'\5 l
L
o'o,{

'.--'-

twrzl

nE
1

A o \s,Le to-r-l Lui-a

?x):

o 5..a
3 [ar bl =7.
t' =c> j
o
{

.f

@r

=2.
6r

r\

S'2

%_

l>4

er_

2?

Q,t ?
2>A

= O h)-

:o'9

T=O(E)=

A'bq

4: $$
:o.oe(*
\zra
f,=f #-o-cq6r, h+

o'ok6{]

H=o'OI
ts2

= A'

611

n-- 4'("\ 'g"q+

o'o ?-

.F-r-7
g tO'4
d =
+1= F_*-i

)'=

V/,a/4ry @Y* .t '4

od Sz.

ry

t-

f
q=

7.

\crcr-.-o.re.J

Ex
O''r
8{
r^
%t
t\-/

(h, s)

{+v /t q

TJ

| /++)
a= /7s'
^o=
Ag A

1G6,,

l|q,

, le/,l r{k ,l?.o , [Te,

2('r { *
F 8'i r'wv' l& t- A\g'a 4 s 3t'Jl + ? 5z) t- zc'CI,(

Lcc

,{

A = K vkor.<*s,^".,^ Lal

@t a= o'os

OH"in__rtC

; I /
g<= c'os
r-(4

ztSs

O g= -#_; G=n?s'r-A8oG= -l-i,\

O

@gg'sertc^s

OH. t J^
r-J

$o

-'11" 5

'.4 /a \

A?S

aDo=c'os

^a)
0= ^7yA--M4,G:W
et) Oou-*nr+->

Q,OL_

pr.--r-

cr{f,jTY}r(}{"{-,\

Zl:+4*o(h-n)
@. = f 4'Jt,*)

= to r. (e) - !'&\

U # k o -) Lt r \.q ti:"-xr!<--- s

'rfrlo
t

g-?

I sp.f'U<- U tatq

J{

vrut--{-Dr'
It

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:...

f:

i.!

ii il ;,.i

Z"sz)U(zrt.,*1

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cl

^q

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gy-'l,.c,s -_

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t-r S Y,

t"ino\^-{

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o
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$:

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g. -\ La*^.\-{Aa,+ G*hL, s J.t. l.r.rg*r_1--f-rOr:q$ -aGf"

@ Ho i Y'9c7' =\2'5
t: ss

tSc/.ay>OS

^i-{e,f

1
i

Zq ?\^^i;-gC rh-sru
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(-) J

e u: o$;frs{&D=

A'o.

Ov<4/*;
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rrt

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'/

=f*, - ft= )" . o \41

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--

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l. /,*.,^r.,
ft\^ g.(

A,,1,

&
C->'\-Nw_\,

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!A71

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zo+ rP..x!*<--

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= Zo+

o:--l

3=GfFeLt=

ry

:o' \qT
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&E

krr

&-- O'oS

O t{.'= f
A* = ^-fz:
,, _f
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<:

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o'o-S

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a,

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+
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rue \eoo

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lr=6\

3;* 4'\ ] uor

4. =o"'o4

O +to
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O -zQ1

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4

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g.9,sqiu-.

r?]'/ l (

+<
bJo

au

?f Q

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=- V-n (
Xf,u f z'r+s

g- = ?t3
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r2

y=OSI

= 2'ler

,*)

?.r-rz^-^s

,-)

tJ, = lt'L

o'er,

"+1

ff.'

fto t

f n-/,
+{4' f ,-

CI

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(c>

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zs.^t

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LA'J Tq ( g)

'o

iha='lq

7r= 3S'\
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vl.,

o
@)

= ZLo

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4
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/^'b

--'o( = O'os

f ^-7r-o

fiA=f n't. f o
-- -c

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v

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I
.

114-{-'
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c>

ry_

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uu. =

u I

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i -,1'tG'] Uf

'

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, -) r\{

eev ?^&^->
fi",
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tr'4 '^- to*qJ . \ td,{l n{O1.\, tt! \-<v *(*. ."..rr-=:>
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{r)

At^>Vr,()^r tr^_ rrf-A{Z.j_l*e

3>t-c'r'r'\> \r'-\ -'.*rs'*

trec,1l"5i

7o"q3\

tA.2=

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trCrrrl r OL.q s(
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r >

6
53-

3?>

ZO
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5f

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tn/

Oqo
+\ p;

o<=

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fa

r' b)(>

{o

t ,^,

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f*

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Kt = ?*-a

, - e'9
_< _o.e2

O ffo, jn=b
Hal

ft*rc
Oz*e'oq

O t,,= 5run
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@*4a'2

t^J

t*=w.= - 6"J{3

t>

Q*'( ,\- *#) * 9-'( o'qgr= h |'tg

r-aJ,, = (- r) t - a'trJ u DfS, r.) ,/

=_

O U u-r- i

L^-- SoC
7 -- ?6'3

: zs',{
f - 6s7.

,-

sf

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+,

aev6e^---:

*{o

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+8'2
P=
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ur='--:7- 4?Lg> _
@ Z: .2'\2S
cr ,\

4= &* O'4 5 - o'.2E ).

'

,-.r,

Z<* C-'iIa-oof
= (-*

r- ^'6)
L/ + b r:) (p-1*^^^ \
L^Jo

-=

A-^ (o.s)= /.65

as\y^u^

ftp

LCt^:- +rd^l{^-J) 4.o S;l 5csvz,fa- Ot:xgX-tLJfV \^r.6t-J\1-1.

f+-o/' 6lo.-*\*o

k*t{N l"l
ll LcTr ? 1 I
C '):r=Jc
t*)

lE

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-/2

- tto

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l'r

'

VsQ,l,o WA v.1,v,f O

p({ !7: /-

r'cx<-s) =
=-

"r*zr?1

,tC l*rro rs\.rJ). y

l-(,r-;hn^r'i:
(- ( L - e-o"'*)

r N (ro ,l\t4tsc Lo q-r)

)

/n- l.,r ("Zc oot / Zq,oc)

A- P(,( c?ZJoot)=
? ZJoc] -+i= o.-\
--t- v 6):

8( x > *ZJo oc) =

\)4)

4u!a_
btx

t(<) =

fis-T-

A
-.il-

^-i)

gn- AJ(

to ,4i)

\s b,,*"-fi)-^l(u'S 1O'Zrl)
P[x> 8): (-g( fff)- A-t. --1:c

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p(g<x.

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4_

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145

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33

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a*-- sI

W@e Fr

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m=

lA

s I 4.'8 tZt z'Zr 4"St Z'4, Z"3t /L'1 ,2'.^ t/'6

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r o'c'( +- o
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lt
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ff"1 ? --o'q

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9-o"7

Tt-= Q-4

(lt- o'r)*- D-4("'4 = g

aO w- sc
V

= &t'Z

0:Jot
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=7J
f
il+i p {ft
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o'c

O oc = o'o i
O u = '#1t'+ {G

: c'JF
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wo -- Gn/-tsJ uLz't( ,a)
V 4 cb

Oh=k\
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/ '8

3= rc'ag

lb

grrrtsofrA._'

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7 z&o oot

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dttt'+l ':

- O'A& Wtt.
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Lcxl-f;og-.z

e(zz s oo 141 Z\
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t-e. +-q

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o'tt

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t:

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(^.c)- 3 25

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=

s-)'J

i:f

o'tnz8r,t'" r=J

fD /+N(t2, o'z)
eGYrt)

7^Nur,)
f (/.4'^) : E(.-ffi)
P( x ) r't,) : A- Q (#
)

= l-D c

s3)'= ,{'o

;d-,3,*;*
C---'--

A9

WqAb+ ?' *"4

@ ?= 2 aT'?
2 ^ .J ztl'o^
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o-34

+ 1'6,{ 1- )q'Z l

+'71'' o4

t*

4 s"

+- ,l Zn

a+'t'tA +Z\'O4*f"q4 x

4A^4

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: ('r(9
q-e

t<.<): (
y "_ qiy

(,t-) - x.,'o, [t$

,9 X:: \ q
-rt-

(i-Ta*r
-"-

(zr-s)

=-

X ,- zrs (iL\

3')-t

Lc'S

Ax.-r.t(+rr 29
@ pCx> 8o)=

4* pGcJO * /-

r\ * (aO

g( g+ts\_ /t*O(r
t

* 71<ib4,tf : o.Joaj

O,E
P(r>?z)= A-r(V ziz)= l- 9(+a=e-=
- Te
TE J\ -,t
'z
r^,\i

1+

trt-

A-o.)g a3 -

{eC'6

aJt r-i+5inq'f iraq

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flar,o ts

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F-_ {='lB..=

o:asJ.-*

E=itl

L,---';F(Ef =,o.3e\
o Ho, r f4-f.:?
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e*_ffi':s!
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z*=

s-.{ '( ,t9

4.5C

f) ^ F'n(o'Ys) 6 .&26-q' t"qb

{A}o: (*,ll t- 4"eO] u' f

A'9.6,

*)

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a'?rll

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0'4eL
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AL
e(s)-. t,'q a-(
A^ - 3'oz+
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)14

+4
Tz-rl-v.r^-o

t&* ?t

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1Z-\
37 /
JF
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X'= G?;u)'
z t<"nlz
1L
36
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Mf-**--

Lt= tlAO

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oln

r'

L*rpo+q^

t'cr 2-'9'Y r*.\s

N("1'ro'to)

@ p(x<{2o) : E({+=44s):O(o.rsy"= e.s6&F

aerctaus$us

\ rcg'\i.^rl.

CC

rot3rc) : A-EU )S) t-o's*r(--- d- E(

= O',(OK
@ P(kzo< x ztoo)= g lrei4::)-p( 4z?3*): p (,t'zq - gfo 2r):
*
,t

(( > 46 o) =- /,- e (*<

( <,o)

o= O'

{sr

( sq ,11 ,Sa, 7o, rt,

7>63
?6

$=

@te.

t6qr

o' tSqQ

q.9 t- kX

P*,t
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y-- t-z'r- -- 0-?S).

1t=o(M>o'*6)
L= [

S4'5cl

=Uz

,+\

o"

rt +- tto.F. (.of,

or_ Jo:raa_ob

cC6

uaoJ

= 3'oc

t- 3L\

=_

g1'o3

taJ|

'

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sot'/--- o'z 1[ /
--'

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lroo 2 rul

@ e <4: hr(t = lran . o.{ :41".

rpfz:rq-Tif 7:_r[Eo = rrz"6J

O j.+

<&c<1

ff-o

oJ

Af

--

c'ar

xrt:

.9

x4-...,,-s

o(e.oesf?)= 4'C+

(t):

z-

&|= X a*-5s (+) = ilo.u,r(a)*

T--[ ? "246t zz'qsJ
tlv{tr.q =
Fi= L.S
?"

trl = M'o3

+a = bn.

Oz=tao
tn

ao-r, (7) -E_t

[l)
=
''e;
z-tn'c >
L&''
i'
(
6-dlz-:
12
", -

ry

SL

f&4<r6v

@ /:oos
eflo,f = ?aso
il*' l- > eso
,- ?'z?;:?

* =- LOL
Lt" ): z{"re

^a
O (Po

fr : ^'r,Ls

Z.- t^- oo, (3s) ='cO?

'\)c> t

@4=(,

r^-

[-b),o)

t)t'

wa

o8 Css)= 21

b,t-C"o1
{-

t'^^O

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.-!-ro5
\.{ \^( U'-q ('d

Lt

KVANTILI STUDENTOVE PORAZDELITVE

L: yr.o;*tr.

't

df

I1

lz
t3

lq
ls
lo

lz
l8

ta.szs

to.sg

fo.sgr

6.31
2.92
2.35
2.L3
2.02

t2.7t

63.66
9,92
5.84
4.60
4.03

1,.44

r,94

t.42

1.90
1.86
1.83
1.81
1.80
1.78

D
2.18

r.77

2.L6

1.76
L.75
7.75
1.74

2-74

31.82
6.96
4.54
3.75
3.36
3.14
3.00
2.90
2.82
2.76
2.72
2.68
2.65
2.62
2.60
2.58
2.57
2.55
2.54
2.53
2.52

r.37
1.36
1.36
1.35
1.34
1.34

15"
16

t.34

t7

1.33
1.33
1.33
7.32
1.32

7.73
1.72
1.72

r.32

r.72

1.32
7.32
7.32
1.32

1.77

18
19

20
21

22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

1.31

30

1.31

40
60

1.30
1.30
L.29
1.28

720
oo

Opomba. Pri df

zp.

1.31
1.31

: a

t.73

t.71
7.7r
1.71

r.70
r.70
1.70
1.70
1.68
7.67
1.66
1.645

4.30
3.18
2.78
2.57
2.45
2.36
2.37
2.26
2.23

2.r3
2.72
2.17

2.10
2.09
2.09
2.08
2.07
2.07
2.06
2.06
2.06
2.05
2.05
2.04
2.04
2.O2

2.00
1.98
1.96

2.51

2.50
2.49
2.48
2.48
2.47
2.47
2.46
2.46
2.42
2.39
2.36
2.33

{_

))

to.cs

11

13
74

<td:

3.08
1.89
1.64
1.53
1.48

10
12

PQ

fo.go

1.40
1.38

lg

porazdelitve: tB

Student(d!):

:l>rru<

3.71

3.50
3.36
3.25

3.r7
3.11

3.06
3.01

2.98
2.95
2.92
2.90
2.88
2.86
2.84
2.83
2.82
2.81

2.80
2.79
2.78
2.77
2.76
2.76
2.75
2.70
2.66
2.62
2.58

dobimo kvantile standardne normalne

KVANTILI PORAZDF,LITVE HI KVADRAT

x2

2
.f

6
7
8

10

0.i15

0.0010
0.0506
4.276

0.297

0.484

0.554

0.831
1.24
1.69

0.0000
0.0100
0.0717
0.207

0.0002
0.0201

0.4r2
0.676

0.872

0.989
1.34
1.73
2.16
2.60

r.24
1.65

2.09
2.56

3.05
3.57

2.18
2.74
3.25
3.82
4.40

x2@il, p(x, < x2B): B

0.0039
0.103
0.352
0.711
1.15
1.64

2.r7
2.73
JT]i)

z.gs

12
13

3.07
3.57

4.71

5.01

14

4.07
4.60

4.66
5.23

5.63
6.26

5.81

6.91

6.47

4.57
5.23
5.89
6.57
7.26
7.96
8.67
9.39

11

15
16
L7
18
19
20
27

22
23
24
25
26
27
28

5.14
5.70

90
100

11.1

4.17
4.87

9.24
10.6
12.0
13.4
14.7
16.0

18.-3.

7.38
9.35
11.1
12.8
14.4
16.0
17.5
19.0
20.5

5.58

t7.3

t9.7

2r.9

6.30

18.5
19.8

21.0
22.4
23.7
25.0
26.3
27.6
28.9

1.61

2.20
2.83
3.49

7.04
7.79

27.t

8.55

oot

9.3r

23.5
24.8
26.0
27.2
28.4
29.6
30.8
32.0

7.07

7.63

8.91'

10.1

1I.7

8.26
8.90

9.59

9.54

10.3
11.0

10.9
11.6
12.3

r0.2

17.7

13.1

10.9
11.5
L2.2
12.9
13.6
14.3
15.0
22.2
29.7
37.5
45.4

72.4
13.1
13.8
14.6
15.3
16.0
16.8
24.4

13.8
14.6
15.4
16.2
16.9
17.7
18.5
26.5
34.8

12.4
13.2
14.0
14.8
15.7
16.5
17.3

13.1

80

7.8i

6.84
7.43
8.03
8.64
9.26
9.89
10.5
11.2
11.8
12.5
13.8
20.7
28.0
35.5
43.3
51.2
59.2
67.3

70

5.99

6.25
7.78

6.26

to

61.8
70.7

32.4
40.5
48.8
57.2
65.6
74.2

43.2

51.7

60.4

10.1

10.9

18.1

18.9
19.8
20.6
29.1

37.7
46.5
55.3
64.3

69.1

77.9

2.7t
4.61

7.56
8:23

30
40
50
60

0.0158
0.211
0.584
1.06

82.4

Dtq

34.4

35.6

9.49
12.6

L4.t
15.5
16.9

3C.1

3r.4
32.7
33.9
36.4
37.7
38.9

t2.8

15.1

16.8
18.5
24.1

21.7
23.2
24.7
26.2
27.1'

26.1
27.5
28.8
30.2
31.5
32,9
34.2
35.5
36.8
38.1
39.4
40.6

29.L
30.6
32.4
33.4
34.8
36.2
37.6
38.9
40.3

44.3

4r.9

45.6

47.0
48.3

40.1

43.2

41.3
42.6
43.8
55.8
67.5

44.5
45.7

85.5

90,5

59.3
77.4
83.3
95.0

96.6
108
118

t02

r07

113

118
130

t24

10.6

11.3
13.3

24.7

36.7
37.9
39.1
44.3
51.8
63.2
74.4

79.7

9.2r

47.O

4r.6
43.0

49.6

50.9
63.7
76.2
88.4
100

t12
t24
136

Za velike df je x? x df -t zrt/fi : df - z1-p1/Tff, kjer je

kvantil standardne normalne porazdelitve z indeksom p.

14.9
16.7
18.5
20.3
22.0
23.6
25.2
26.8
28.3
29.8
31.3
32.8
34.3
35.7
37.2
38.6

40.0

4t.4
42.8
44.2
45.6

46.9
48.3
49.6

51.0
52.3
53.7
66.8
79.5
92.0

704
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Standardna normal na porazdelitev

+0,06

smo 0,5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160

0s279 0,5319

0.5359

0,6406 0,6443 0,6480

0,6700 0.6736
0,7054 0,7088 0,7L23 0,7L57 0,7190
0,7389 0,7422 0,7454 0,7486 0,7517
0,7704 0,7734 0,7764 0,7794 0,7823
0.7995 0,8023
0,8264 0,8289

0.7224
0,7549
0,7852

0.5199

0,10

0,5398 0,5438 0,5478 0,5517 0,5557 0,5596

5793 0,5832 0,5871 0,s910 0,s948 0,5987

o,40
0,50

0,6628
0,6985
7257 0,729t 0,7324
7580 0,76II 0,7642
7881 0.7910 0,7939
o,8159 0,8186

L79

0,62t7

0,6554

0,6664
0,7019
0,7357
0,7673
0.7967

0.5636
0,6026

0,8521

1,30

0,8849
0,9032

L92

0,9332
1,60

0p452

1,90

1
0,9713
982L
0,9861

0,8729 0.8749
0,8869
0,8925 0,8944
0,9049 0,9065 0,9082 0,9099 0,9115 0,9131
t47
9L62
0s207 0s222 0s236 0.9251 0.9265
0,9305
357
0,9382 0.9394 0.9406
0,9463 0,9474 0,9484 0,9495 0,9505 0,9515
0,9599 0,9608
0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9677
0,97t9 0,9726 0s732 0,9738 0,9744
976t
9774 0,9783 0,9788 0,9793 0,9798 0,9803 0,9808 0,9812
0,9826 0,9830 0,9834 0,9838 0,9842 0.9846
0,9864 0,9868 0,9871 0,9875 0,9878 0,9881
9887

0,9909

0,9945
0,9953 0,9955 0,9956 0,9957 0,9959
2,70

0,9965

2,94

9974 0.9975
0,9981 0,9982
9987 0,9987

3,20

3,50
3,60

3,90

0.9976

9977 0,9977

0,9985

0,9986

0,9997 0,9997
0,9998 0,9998 0,9998 0,9998
0,9999 0,9999 0,9999 0,9999

0,9989 0,9990

9993
0.9995
0,9996 0,9996

lfx-F

1,1

Z7I

0,9999 0,9999 0.9999 0,9999

1,ooo0 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000

ez dt

-@

porazdelitvena funkcija standardne normal ne verjetnostne porazdel itve.

Za negativne

uporabimo formulo

0,9990
0,9993
0.9995
0,9997
0,9998
0,9999

0,9999

4 so tabelirane vrednosti O(x), kjer je

O(x)=;=f

0,9890
0,9916

0,9974

9997 0,9997 0,9997 0,9997

9998 0,9998 0,9998 0,9998
0,9998 0,9998 0,9999 0,9999
9999 0,9999
9999 0,9999 0,9999 0,9999
1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000

r(

0,9817

0,9971 0,9972 0,9973

0.9989
0,9992
0,9994

Za nenegativne

0,9767

0.9978

9987 0,9988 0,9988

0,9991 0,9991 0,9992
0,9993 0,9993 0,9994 0,9994 0,9994
0,9997
0,9998
0,9999
0,9999
0,9999
1,0000

0,9633

0,9946
0,9960

0,9984

0,9983

0,9177

O(-x) = 1 - O(x).

1,0000
1,0000