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Functions Formulas

The document summarizes key formulas and definitions relating to functions, exponents, logarithms, trigonometry, and hyperbolic functions. It provides the definitions of exponents, logarithms, trigonometric functions, and hyperbolic functions. It also lists important formulas for manipulating exponents, logarithms, trigonometric functions, and hyperbolic functions, including formulas for addition/subtraction, double/half angles, inverses, and derivatives.

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172 views3 pages

Functions Formulas

The document summarizes key formulas and definitions relating to functions, exponents, logarithms, trigonometry, and hyperbolic functions. It provides the definitions of exponents, logarithms, trigonometric functions, and hyperbolic functions. It also lists important formulas for manipulating exponents, logarithms, trigonometric functions, and hyperbolic functions, including formulas for addition/subtraction, double/half angles, inverses, and derivatives.

Uploaded by

mrbubos
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

[Link].

org

Functions Formulas
1. Exponents
a = a a ... a if p N p > 0, a R
p p

3. Roots
Definitions:
a,b: bases ( a, b 0 if n = 2 k ) n,m: powers

a = 1 if a 0

ar as = ar+s
ar = a r s as

Formulas:
n

ab = n a n b

n
r s

(a )
r

a m b = nm a m bn
a = b
n n

=a
r

a b

(a b)
r

= a b

,b0

ar a = r b b 1 ar = r a
a = a
r s s r

n m

a b

= nm
p

am bn

,b0

( )
n

am

= n a mp

( a)
n
n

=a
np

am =

a mp

2. Logarithms
Definition:
y = log a x a = x
y

m n

a = mn a
m

( a, x > 0, y R )

( a)
n

= n am
n

Formulas:
log a 1 = 0 log a a = 1

1
n

a n 1 ,a0 a

a b = 1 a b =

a + a2 b a a2 b 2 2 a b ab

log a mn = log a m + log a n m log a = log a m log a n n


log a m n = n log a m log a m = log b m log a b

log a m = l og a b =
l og a x =

logb m logb a 1 logb a


ln x = ( l og a e ) ln x ln a

[Link] 4. Trigonometry
Right-Triangle Definitions Sum and Difference Formulas
sin ( + ) = sin cos + sin cos sin ( ) = sin cos sin cos cos ( + ) = cos cos sin sin cos ( ) = cos cos + sin sin

sin =

Opposite Hypotenuse

Adjacent cos = Hypotenuse


tg =

Opposite Adjacent 1 Hypotenuse = sin Opposite

tan ( + ) = tan ( ) =

csc =

tan + tan 1 tan tan

1 Adjacent cot = = tg Opposite sec = 1 Hypotenuse = cos Adjacent

tan tan 1 + tan tan

Double Angle and Half Angle Formulas

sin ( 2 ) = 2sin cos


cos ( 2 ) = cos 2 sin 2

Reduction Formulas

sin( x) = sin x cos( x) = cos x


sin( x) = cos x 2 cos( x) = sin x 2 sin( + x) = cos x 2 cos( x) = sin x 2 sin( x) = sin x

tan ( 2 ) =
sin

2tg 1 tg 2
1 cos 2

cos
tan

=
=

1 + cos 2

1 cos sin = sin 1 + cos

Other Useful Trig Formulae


Law of sines

cos( x) = cos x sin( + x) = sin x cos( + x) = cos x

sin sin sin = = a b c


Law of cosines

c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos
Area of triangle

Identities

sin x + cos x = 1 1 tg 2 x + 1 = cos 2 x 1 cot 2 x + 1 = sin 2 x

K=

1 ab sin 2

[Link] 5. Hyperbolic functions


Inverse Hyperbolic functions Definitions:
e x e x sinh x = 2 e +e cosh x = 2
x x

sinh 1 x = ln x + x 2 + 1 cosh 1
2

( x = ln ( x +

) x 1)

x ( , ) x [1, )

e e sinh x = x x e +e cosh x 2 1 csch x = x x = e e sinh x 2 1 sech x = x x = e +e cosh x

1 1+ x tanh 1 x = ln 2 1 x
coth 1 x = 1 x +1 ln 2 x 1

x ( 1,1)
x ( , 1) (1, )

tanh x =

1 + 1 x2 sech 1 x = ln x

x (0,1]

coth x =

e x + e x cosh x = e x e x sinh x

1 1 x2 csch 1 x = ln + x x

x ( ,0 ) ( 0, )

Derivates
d sinh x = cosh x dx d cosh x = sinh x dx d tanh x = sech 2 x dx d csch x = cschx coth x dx d sech x = sech x tanh x dx d coth x = csch 2 x dx

Inverse Hyperbolic derivates

d sinh 1 x = dx
d cosh 1 x = dx

x2 + 1
1

x2 1

d 1 tanh 1 x = dx 1 x2 d 1 csch x = dx x 1 + x2
d 1 sech 1 x = dx x 1 x2 d 1 coth 1 x = dx 1 x2

Hyperbolic identities

cosh 2 x sinh 2 x = 1 tanh 2 x + sech 2 x = 1 coth 2 x csch 2 x = 1 sinh( x y) = sinh x cosh y cosh x sinh y sinh( x y) = cosh x cosh y sinh x sinh y
sinh 2 x = 2 sinh x cosh x

cosh 2 x = cosh 2 x + sinh 2 x 1 + cosh 2 x sinh 2 x = 2 1 + cosh 2 x cosh 2 x = 2

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