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Lecture 9 2007

This document discusses the feed stage in a distillation column. At the feed stage, some new material introduced joins the vapor stream while the rest joins the liquid stream. Equations (1) through (7) define the overall mass and energy balances and define the "feed quality" which represents the fraction of feed that remains liquid. Equation (8) and (9) represent the operating lines on a McCabe-Thiele diagram where the feed line given by equation (10) represents all possible points of intersection. The feed quality and external reflux ratio affect the slopes of the operating lines and feed line. The thermodynamic state of the feed determines how much remains liquid, affecting the slope of the feed line.

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12 views

Lecture 9 2007

This document discusses the feed stage in a distillation column. At the feed stage, some new material introduced joins the vapor stream while the rest joins the liquid stream. Equations (1) through (7) define the overall mass and energy balances and define the "feed quality" which represents the fraction of feed that remains liquid. Equation (8) and (9) represent the operating lines on a McCabe-Thiele diagram where the feed line given by equation (10) represents all possible points of intersection. The feed quality and external reflux ratio affect the slopes of the operating lines and feed line. The thermodynamic state of the feed determines how much remains liquid, affecting the slope of the feed line.

Uploaded by

Sata Ajjam
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Feed Stage

At the feed stage new material is introduced to the distillation column. Some of it will join the vapour and the rest the liquid stream.

Overall Mass
F+ V+L = V+L

(1)

Energy
Fh F + VH f +1 + Lh f 1 = VH f + Lh f

(2)

Feed Quality
Equation (1) can also be written
V V = ( L L) F

(3)

H f +1 H f ; h f 1 = h f

(4)

From (2) and (4) we


Fh F + ( V V )H = ( L L)h

(5)

Furthermore, a combination of (3) and (5) gives:


( L L)(H h ) = F(H h F )

(6)

From the latter we obtain the definition for the feed quality, q:
q= L L H hF = F Hh

(7)

The Feed Line


As we saw, in a McCabe-Thiele diagram the top:
L L y = ( ) x + (1 ) x D V V or yV = Lx + Dx D

(8)

and bottom :
yV = Lx Bx B

(9)

operating lines intersect. Therefore, the point of intersection must satisfy both (8) and (9). With the x and y being the same at the point of intersection, we can subtract (9) from (8) to get:
y = ( Fz F LL )x + VV VV

(10)

Eqn. (10) is called the feed line. The feed line in a y vs. x diagram represents all the possible points of intersection between the top and bottom operating lines.

We saw in the previous lecture (on useful equations page), the slopes of the operating lines (represented by the internal reflux ratios) are dependent upon (a) The external reflux ratio, Lo/D, (top and bottom operating lines), and (b) the feed quality, q (bottom operating line). The effect of these two process variables is shown below (Fig. 5-11):

The feed equation can be expressed in terms of the feed quality, q, as follows:
y= q 1 x+ zF q 1 1 q

(11)

Types of Feeds and Slopes


The thermodynamic state of the feed (before flushing into the column) will determine the amount of feed that remains liquid (q). Therefore it will directly affect the slope of the feed line. The various types of feeds and the resulting slopes of the feed line are presented below:

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