TITLE OF THE PROJECT, FONT: Times New Roman, FONT SIZE: 20,

A MINOR PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF (font: 14)

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (font: 16) In Electronics and Communication Engineering (font: 16) SUBMITTED BY (font: 16) Name of the Candidate (font: 16) Roll Number: (font: 16)

SUBMITTED TO (font: 16)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala
(Affiliated With)

Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra Year (font: 18)

TITLE OF THE PROJECT, TIMES NEW ROMAN, FONT SIZE 18

A MINOR PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED (12) IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (14) In (FONT SIZE 14) Electronics and Communication Engineering SUBMITTED BY (14) Name of the Candidate (14) Roll Number: (14)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF(14) Guide Name Designation ECE Department ACE, Ambala SUBMITTED TO (font: 14)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala Year (font: 16)

CANDIDATE'S DECLARATION
I/We, Name of the candidate, Roll Number, hereby declare that the work which is being presented in the minor project entitled, Title of the project in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of B.Tech. (ECE) and submitted in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, is an authentic record of my own work carried by me under the supervision of Supervisor Name (Designation, Institute) and Co-Supervisor Name (Designation, Department, Institute).The matter presented in this project Report has not been submitted in this or any other University / Institute for the award of B.Tech Degree.

Signature of the Student

Dated:

(Name) Roll Number

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala (Affiliated With) Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119
(Established by the state legislature Act XII of 1956) (A Grade, NAAC Accredited)

CERTIFICATE
Certified that this minor project report .TITLE OF THE

PROJECT.. is the bonafide work of ..NAME OF THE CANDIDATE(S), Roll No, of 7th Semester, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Devsthali, Ambala, who carried out the minor project work under my/our supervision during August, 2012-December,2012.

(Name of Co-Guide)-if any Co-Guide Academic Designation ECE Department, ACE

(Name of Guide) Guide Academic Designation ECE Department, ACE

(Sorabh Malhotra) Project Coordinator Assistant Professor ECE Department, ACE

(Ashok Kumar) Associate Professor Head of Department ECE Department, ACE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
(It is just a format for hierarchy of the acknowledgement and can be extended/ reduced accordingly)

Minor/ Major Project work is an important aspect in the field of engineering, where contribution is made by many persons and organizations. The present shape of this work has come forth after contribution from different spheres. Give acknowledgement to Guide. Give acknowledgement to Co-Guide. Give acknowledgement to H.O.D I would also like to thank my wife/husband, kids, and parents etc who helped me in my Major/ Minor Project. I express my sincere gratitude to Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala and Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra for giving me the opportunity to work on the Dissertation/ Major Project/ Minor Project during my final year of M.Tech/ B.Tech. At the end thanks to the Almighty for

(Name of the student) Roll Number

ABSTRACT

The abstract is the prcis of the complete work presented in the Major/ Minor Project. It should be concise but at the same time should provide information about the work done and the methodologies used. The same should begin with a one tab space. The abstract may be written in the 1.5 line spacing paragraph format.

Contents
Candidates Declaration Certificate Abstract Acknowledgement List of Figures iv List of Tables Abbreviations Used v vi i ii iii iii

Chapter 1 TITLE OF THE CHAPTER1

1.1 1.2 1.3 Title of Article 1.1 Title of Article 1.2 Title of Article 1.3

1-14 1 2 3

Chapter 2 LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Title of Article 2.1 2.2 Title of Article 2.2 15 2.2.1 Title of Article2.1.1

14-24
14

15

Chapter 3 TITLE OF THE CHAPTER2

3.1 Title of Article 3.1 3.2 Title of Article 3.2 26 3.2.1 Title of Article 3.2.1

25-34
25

27

Chapter 4 TITLE OF THE CHAPTER3

4.1 4.2 35 4.2.1 Title of Article 4.2.1 Title of Article 3.1 Title of Article 4.2

35-44
35

36

Chapter 5 TITLE OF THE CHAPTER4

5.1 5.2 45 5.2.1 Title of Article 5.2.1 Title of Article 5.1 Title of Article 5.2

45-55
45

50

Chapter 6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE

6.1 6.2 57 Title of Article 6.1 Title of Article 6.2

56-58
56

REFERENCES

59-60

APPENDIX A

Title of the Appendix(Derivation of equation used in the Minor/ Major Project Report)

APPENDIX B

Title of the Appendix (Code used)

APPENDIX C

Title of the Appendix(Component List)

Note 1: The number of Chapters is just indicative. There may be more number of Chapters in the Major/ Minor Project but the format of the index has to be followed as given above. Note 2: Page numbering should be as per the given format i.e. pages from candidates declaration to list of abbreviations should be in Roman and page numbering of the Chapters should be in decimal numbers. The title pages of the project report should NOT be numbered.

LIST OF TABLES(Font-14)
Table No. 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 Caption of Table 1.1 Caption of Table 1.2 Caption of Table 1.3 Caption of Table 2.1 Caption of Table 2.2 All the table no. and captions should be in Time New Roman and of font size 12 Caption Page No. 3 4 5 12 13

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 Caption of Figure 1.1 Caption of Figure 1.2 Caption of Figure 1.3 Caption of Figure 2.1 Caption of Figure 2.2 Caption Page No. 3 4 5 12 13

All the figure no. and captions should be in Time New Roman, font size 12

ABBREVIATIONS USED
ANN DRC
NFS OC

Artificial Neural Network Departmental Research Committee

Neuro Fuzzy System Optical Communication

This list is optional. It should be included only if absolutely necessary, i.e. there being plenty of abbreviations that have been used in the Dissertation. It should be contained in a single page if possible. The list should be in alphabetical order, Font size 12 in Times New Roman Arrange in alphabetical order

Chapter 1

TITLE OF CHAPTER 1
Please note that whatever be the content written in this template is just an example. In this chapter, scope of the work is first explained, and then the background and the proposed work are described. The problem formulation, objectives of dissertation, methodology, and the purpose of the work should also be discussed. Thereafter, a brief description of all the chapters is also given in organization of dissertation.

1.1 Title of Article 1.1 The Chapter 1 should be written in font size 16 and the TITLE OF CHAPTER 1 should be written in font size 16. Line spacing of the paragraphs should be 1.5 all through the text and do not miss the one tab space at the beginning of all the paragraphs. The headings of the articles should be in size 12 and the subheadings should be in size 12. All the headings should be in bold face.

1.2 Title of Article 1.2 The citations should appear as Ignizio [3, 4], Osyczka[6], Ignizio and Cavalier [5] and Badri et al. [1]. Note here that only the last names of the authors are being used. While citing a research article/book authored by more than 2 authors, et al. should be used with the last name of the first author so as to indicate the article/book is authored by more than 2 people but the names of all the authors should appear in the References section while describing the respective article/book. If more than one article by the same author(s) is being cited at a single place then the numbers of both the articles (separated by a comma) should appear in the same square bracket. Note Ignizio [3, 4] as cited above. If more than one citation by different authors is occurring together, then the citations should appear chronologically, i.e. the older article should be cited first.

1.3 Title of Article 1.3 The mathematical equations (if any) should be written using Equation Editor or Math Type only. All the equations should be centrally aligned and only those equations should be number which are being referred in the Dissertation. Due care should also be given to the variables that appear in the running text. Such variables should also be written using the Equation Editor or Math Type using the inline equation option. It is also important to note that the bold face variables represent the vector quantities so the variables should not be written in bold face letters. Some examples are given below.

x
i =1

ij

b j ( j = 1, 2,K , n)

(1.1) (1.2)

xij y j 0 (i = 1, 2,K , m; j = 1, 2,K , n)

where xij represents the binary variable, y j represents the variable assuming any real value. Also important to note the small w in where written after the equations to describe the variables present in the equations.

1.4 Title of Article 1.4 Sometimes a definition/comment is to be cited in the text. The same should be done as given below. Osyczka [] has defined the multi-objective optimization as a problem of finding: A vector of decision variables which satisfies constraints and optimizes a vector function whose elements represent the objective functions. These functions form a mathematical description of performance criteria which are usually in conflict with each other. Hence, the term optimizes means finding such a solution which would give the values of all the objective functions acceptable to the designer.

Note the single spacing in the above paragraph and the reduced margins in which the text appears.

Chapter 2

TITLE OF CHAPTER 2 (LITERATURE SURVEY)

Note here that only the last names of the authors are being used. While citing a research article authored by more than 2 authors, et al. should be used with the last name of the first author so as to indicate the article is authored by more than 2 people but the names of all the authors should appear in the References section while describing the respective article. Badri et.al [1] had discussed/proposed/presented/analyzed whatever main stating point of the paper, has to be mentioned. Then mention the research findings of the paper and new techniques used. Please go through the Abstract and introduction part thoroughly. Note: Literature survey should be in past tense. Nasimuddin et.al [17] had proposed a dual-band single-feed circularly polarized, L-shaped slotted patch antenna with a small frequency-ratio is for GPS applications. An L-shaped slot was cut at the centre of a square patch radiator for dual-band operation. A single microstrip feed-line was underneath the center of the coupling aperture ground-plane. The frequency-ratio of the antenna can be controlled by adjusting the -shaped slot arm lengths. The measured 10-dB return loss bandwidths for the lower and upper-bands were 16% (1.1031.297 GHz) and 12.5% (1.4441.636 GHz), respectively. The measured 3-dB axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth was 6.9% (1.1951.128 GHz) for the lower-band and 0.6% (1.5681.577 GHz) for the upper-band. In Last Paragraph Give brief description of all the related work in a single paragraph.

Chapter 3

TITLE OF CHAPTER 3

3.1 Title of Article 3.1 3.2 Title of Article 3.2 3.2.1 Title of Article 3.2.1 The bullet marks may be used to list items. Try to use as simple bullet marks as possible as given below. List item 1 List item 2 List item 3 o List item 3.1 o List item 3.2 List item 4

3.2.2 Title of Article 3.2.2 If some code/algorithm is to be given in the text, the same should be written in italics with one tab space and should be a single space paragraph. The most common example is written below Code/Algorithm: Title Name #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h>

void main() { clrscr(); cout<<Hello World - This should bring some smiles; getch(); }

3.3 Title of Article 3.3 All the tables that are present in the Dissertation should be cited at the relevant places. The caption of the tables should be written above the table and should be written in font size 10 as given below in an example. While citing a table, complete Table 2.1 should be written rather than Tab. 2.1 or table 2.1.
Table 2.1: Example of Table

Col1

Col 2

Col3

Col4

Col5

The alignments of the columns may be adjusted as per the type of data being projected. More importantly, do not use the complete text width until unless it is required. The squeezed tables appear better than the other ones. Table 2.1 is an example of such a case. A table should preferably be completed in a single page, so the space should be adjusted accordingly. If however, a complete table cannot be put at the current position, then the running text should be continued there and the table should be provided at the top of the next page. 3.4 Title of Article 3.4 All the figures that are present in the Dissertation should be cited at the relevant places. The caption of the figures should be written below the figure and should be written in font size 10 as given below in an example. While citing a figure, complete Figure 2.1 should be written rather than Fig. 2.1 or figure 2.1.

Figure 3.1: Example of Figure

3.5 Title of Article 3.5 In case of using an abbreviation and if the list of abbreviations has not been included in the Dissertation, the full form of the abbreviation should be mentioned at the first instance where it is introduced, thereafter the abbreviation can be used anywhere in the Dissertation. ANN (Artificial Neural Network) is a mathematical model that is inspired by the functional aspects of biological neural networks. In most cases, an ANN is an adaptive system that changes its structure based on external or internal information that flows through the network during the learning phase.

REFERENCES
The references should be sorted by year of publication in descending order. A few examples of the references that include research articles in journals or in conference proceedings, books, M.S. /Ph.D. Dissertation etc. are given below. [1] Badri, M.A., Mortagy, A.K. and Alsayed, A., 1998. A multi-objective model for locating fire stations, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 110, No. 2, pp. 243-260. [2] Chatani, E., Hayashi, R., Lange, R. and Balny, C., 2002. Thermal and pressure stability of Phe46 mutants of ribonuclease A, Proceedings of First International Conference on High Pressure Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 2732. [3] Ignizio, J.P., 1968. A Method to Achieve Optimum Air Defense Sensor Allocation, MS Dissertation, University of Alabama, Alabama. [4] Ignizio, J.P., 1971. A Heuristic Solution to Generalized Covering Problems, Ph.D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg. [5] Ignizio, J.P. and Cavalier, T.M., 1994. Linear Programming, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, pp. 457-505. [6] Osyczka, A., 1985. Multicriteria optimization for engineering design, Design Optimization, Academic Press, Cambridge, pp. 193-227. It is very important that all the references should be cited in the text and those cited in text should be mentioned in the references. Complete information of all the references should be provided, i.e. name of the journal, vol. no, issue no., pp., year etc. The same goes for the books as well the details of the publisher should be provided here, however, the pp. in this case is optional. In case of a reference from a conference then the complete title of the conference should be provided together with the venue where it was held.

Appendix A (font size 16)

TITLE OF THE APPENDIX (font size 16)

The appendices are entirely optional except the Publications one. If there are no other appendices, then the Publications will become Appendix A. Text should be in Times New Roman, Font Size 12.

Appendix B

TITLE OF THE APPENDIX

The appendices are entirely optional except the Publications one. If there are no other appendices, then the Publications will become Appendix A.

Appendix C

Component List
SEMICONDUCTORS SYMBOL IC D Q Q QUANTITY 1 6 4 4 COMPONENT NAME IC7404,Hex Inverter 1N4007,Rectifier Diode CL100S,Transistor BC547,Transistor COST (in Rs) 7 6 24 4

RESISTANCE (All 0.25 watt,5% carbon) SYMBOL R QUANTITY 4 COMPONENT NAME 470 , Resistance COST (in Rs) 2

CAPACITOR (25 volt, electrolytic type) SYMBOL C MISCELLANEOUS SYMBOL RLY TR D-Type W QUANTITY 4 1 1 1 COMPONENT NAME 6V Electromagnetic Relay 9-0-9,Step Down Transformer 25-Pin D-Type Connector Ring wire(5 single wires) COST (in Rs) 60 30 10 15 QUANTITY 1 COMPONENT NAME 1000 F, Capacitor COST (in Rs) 4

Summary of the Report Format is Given as Below

Report should be on A4 size paper. There should not be page number on Title page. Page numbering should be in roman ( i,ii,iii.) for front pages and at center bottom on Above mentioned and in numerics (1,2,3.) and at center bottom on chapter1 onwards above mentioned onwards.

Margins: Top 1.0, Bottom 1.0, Left 1.5 and Right 1.0. Line spacing: 1.5 lines. Caption for table (size 10): - above the table, in bold only and rest simple and should be marked as Table 1.1, Table 1.2 (under chapter 1) and so on. eg. Table 1.1: Title of the Table Caption for figures(size 10): - below the figure in bold only and rest simple and should be marked as Figure 2.1, Figure 2.2 (under chapter 2) and so on. eg. Figure 1.1: Title of the Figure

Font: - Times New Roman Size: - 12 for text, 12 for headings (sentence case, bold) 16 for Chapter no. (sentence case, bold), 16 for chapter title (Caps, Bold) and 12 for Sub headings (sentence case, bold)

Figure 2.1 Title of the Figure Table No 1.1 Title of the Table

INPUT 1 0

OUTPUT 0 1