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Logarithmic Function

The document defines logarithmic functions and describes their properties. It defines the natural logarithm as the logarithm with base e. It presents properties of logarithms including the laws of logarithms and the change of base formula. It provides examples to illustrate definitions and properties.

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Suryaneta Ummu Fatih Masrul
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49 views

Logarithmic Function

The document defines logarithmic functions and describes their properties. It defines the natural logarithm as the logarithm with base e. It presents properties of logarithms including the laws of logarithms and the change of base formula. It provides examples to illustrate definitions and properties.

Uploaded by

Suryaneta Ummu Fatih Masrul
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LogarithmicFunction

DefinitionoftheLogarithmicFunction Letabeapositivenumberwith a 1 . Thelogarithmicfunctionwithbasea,denotedby log a isdefinedby


log a x = y a y = x .

* x > 0 Exp:(1) log 10 1000 = 3 10 3 = 1000 (2) log 2 32 = 5 2 5 = 32


1 (3) log 16 4 = 16 2 = 4 2
1

PropertiesofLogarithms 1. log a 1 = 0 2. log a a = 1 3. log a a x = x 4. a log


a

= x If log a x = y a y = x.

NaturalLogarithm Thelogarithmwithbaseeiscalledthenaturallogarithmanddenotedby ln x = log e x ln x = y e y = x PropertiesofNaturalLogarithms 1. ln 1 = 0 2. ln e = 1 3. ln e x = x 4. e ln x = x

Exp:1. ln e 8 = 8 1 2. ln( 2 ) = ln e 2 = 2 e LawofLogarithms Letabeapositivenumber,with a 1 .LetA,B,andCbeanyrealnumberswithA>0 andB>0. 1. log a ( AB) = log a A + log a B
A 2. log a ( ) = log a A log a B B

3. log a ( A C ) = C log a A WARNING:1. log a ( x + y ) log a x + log a y 2.


log 6 6 log( ) log 2 2

3 3. (log 2 x) 3 log 2 x ChangeofBaseFormula log a x log a x = log a b

Prove: Let y = log b x.


Then b y = x

Take log a ofeachside log a (b y ) = log a x


y log a b = log a x y = log a x log a b

Exp: a x = e ln a = e x ln a .
x

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