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Photo Switch Circuit

This circuit uses a NE555 integrated circuit and two transistors to operate a relay based on light intensity levels detected by a light dependent resistor (LDR). When light falling on the LDR is below a threshold set by adjusting resistor R1, the relay is deactivated. When light increases above the threshold, the relay is activated. The circuit provides a simple photo switch for home or industrial applications that can control a relay based on light level changes.

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Saurabh Awasthi
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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158 views2 pages

Photo Switch Circuit

This circuit uses a NE555 integrated circuit and two transistors to operate a relay based on light intensity levels detected by a light dependent resistor (LDR). When light falling on the LDR is below a threshold set by adjusting resistor R1, the relay is deactivated. When light increases above the threshold, the relay is activated. The circuit provides a simple photo switch for home or industrial applications that can control a relay based on light level changes.

Uploaded by

Saurabh Awasthi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Photo Switch Circuit

Photo Switch Circuit using 555 IC


Description
This is a simple photo switch suitable for home and industrial purpose.The circuit switches on a relay when the light intensity falling on the sensor crosses the set limit. The circuit is based on a NE 555 and two transistors for driving the relay.The resistor R1 is adjusted such a way that under normal condition the voltage across the LDR is less than 1/3 the supply voltage.In this condition output of IC is high .This makes transistor Q1 on .Transistor Q2s base is connected to collector of Q1.So Q2 will be off keeping the relay de energized.When light falls the voltage across LDR rises above 2/3 Vcc .This makes the output of IC go high making the relay to energized.The result we get a relay that operates according to the intensity of light falling on the LDR.

Notes .
Assemble the circuit on a good quality PCB or common board. To setup the circuit switch on power supply,connect a multimeter across LDR and adjust R1 so that voltage across LDR is just below 1/3 supply voltage.Ensure that relay is off in this condition.If not reduce voltage across LDR further more by adjusting R1 to make relay off. Now cover the top of LDR using a black paper and see the relay gets activated.If not, make further adjustments with R1.Nothing to care after some trial and error you will get the correct set piont of R1 where the circuit works.This circuit is nothing great,but some simple basics.I have tested this and got good results.So no problem .Just proceed. If there is some chattering in the relay , that may be because off the difference between the turning on and turning off voltages.This can be avoided by connecting a resistor whose value is equal to 1/2 the resistance of LDR at illuminated condition.

Circuit Diagram and Parts List.

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