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Lecture 1: Basic Concepts: Outline

This document provides an introduction and overview of basic electrical concepts including units of measurement, charge, and current. It defines key terms like electrical circuit, charge, current, and types of current. It introduces the SI units for charge (coulomb) and current (ampere). Current is defined as the rate of change of charge over time. Examples of direct and alternating current are provided. The document concludes with sample problems calculating charge using given values of current over time.

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Rifat Hasan
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
52 views

Lecture 1: Basic Concepts: Outline

This document provides an introduction and overview of basic electrical concepts including units of measurement, charge, and current. It defines key terms like electrical circuit, charge, current, and types of current. It introduces the SI units for charge (coulomb) and current (ampere). Current is defined as the rate of change of charge over time. Examples of direct and alternating current are provided. The document concludes with sample problems calculating charge using given values of current over time.

Uploaded by

Rifat Hasan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 1: Basic Concepts

Outline:
Introduction System of Units Charge and Current

Introduction
Electrical circuit theory and electromagnetic theory are the two fundamental theories upon which all branches of electrical engineering are built. In electrical engineering we are often interested in communicating or transferring energy from one point to another. To do this requires an interconnection of electrical devices. Such interconnection is referred as electrical circuit and each component is known as elements. An electrical circuit is an interconnection of electrical elements.

Figure: A simple electric circuit

System of Units: SI units:

SI Prefixes

Charge & Current:


Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs (C). Any atom will consist of electron, proton & neutron. Neutron is a neutral charged particle, proton is positive and electron is negative charged particle. Charge of electron and proton are equal in magnitude but opposite in polarity Charge of an electron is - 1.6X10-19 C. Charge of a proton is 1.6X10-19 C. The low of conservation of charge states that charge can neither be created nor destroyed only transferred. Thus the total algebraic sum of charge in a system does not change

Electric current is the rate of change of charge with respect to time, measured in amperes (A) If current is denoted by i, charge q and time t, then,

1 A= 1C/sec The charge transferred between time t0 and t is obtained by,

Current

DC (Direct Current)
A direct current (DC) is a current that remains constant with time

AC (Alternating Current)
A direct current (DC) is a current that varies sinusoidally with time.

Problems: 1. How much charge is represented by four million protons and four million electrons? Answer: 6.048X10-13 C & -6.048X10-13 C 2. The total charge entering a terminal is given by current at t=0.5s. = . Calculate the

Answer: 31.42mA 3. The total charge entering a terminal is given by current at t=0.5s. = . Calculate the

Answer: 7.36mA 4. Determine the total charge entering a terminal between t=1s and t=2s if the current passing the terminal is = Answer: 5.5C 5. The current flowing through an element is , < < = , > Calculate the charge entering the element from t=0s to t=2s. Answer: 6.667C

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