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Sum. The Integral of A Function

Integration measures the accumulation of the value of a function over an area under its graph. The integral of a function can be viewed as the total area under the curve between two limits and is expressed mathematically using the integral symbol. There are several rules that can be used to evaluate integrals, such as applying integral properties to integrals with constant factors or sums, integration by parts to simplify integrals where one function is the derivative of another, and the substitution rule for change of variables.

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Baljinder Kamboj
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42 views4 pages

Sum. The Integral of A Function

Integration measures the accumulation of the value of a function over an area under its graph. The integral of a function can be viewed as the total area under the curve between two limits and is expressed mathematically using the integral symbol. There are several rules that can be used to evaluate integrals, such as applying integral properties to integrals with constant factors or sums, integration by parts to simplify integrals where one function is the derivative of another, and the substitution rule for change of variables.

Uploaded by

Baljinder Kamboj
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integration
Integration measures the accumulation of the value of a function. The symbol for integration is , and it can be usefully viewed as a stretched out S and meaning sum. The integral of a function expressed mathematically as . 1. Integration is the inverse of differentiation Indefinite Integral The integral of a function is the accumulation of the value of with . It can be viewed as the value of the area below the graph of as a function of . In the following illustration, can be represented by the area under the graph of up to .

Note that the position in which we start to measure the area is unspecified; the integral is said to be indefinite. However, the form of the accumulation function can be determined and indefiniteness of the integral can be accommodated by including an arbitrary constant of integration. Note that when the graph is negative then the area is interpreted as negative area, as illustrated in the following graph

+ -

+ -

Differentiation

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Indefinite Integrals of Standard Functions 2

2 Standard Mathematical Functions: Windows Scientific Calculator

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Rules for Integration Integral of a function with a constant factor

For example

Integral of a sum

For example

Integral of a chain rule derivative

For example

Integration by parts

One of the uses of this equation is when For example for the integral

is a simpler function than

it is noted that if we set formula and hence that

, then - on the other side of the integration by parts .

; hence simplifying the expression. It therefore follows that

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Definite Integrals A definite integral sets limits on the domain of integration. The integral sign is written

and it is evaluated as a numeric value, rather than a function. The value of the integral is equal to the area illustrated in the following diagram:

Example

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