HEWLETT PACKARD HP 48SX Scientific ExpandableHP 48SX Scientific Expandable Calculator Owner’s Manual Volume | gy ewer PA PackaRD Edition 4 July 1990 Reorder Number 00048-90003Notice ‘For warranty and regulatory information for this calculator, see pages 673 and 676. ‘This manual and any examples contained herein are provided “as is” and are subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard Company makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this manual, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewéett-Packard Co, shall not be liable for any errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this manual or the examples herein. ‘¢ Hewlett-Packard Co. 1990, All rights reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of this manual is prohibited without prior ‘written permission of Hewlett-Packard Company, except as allowed under the copyright laws. ‘The programs that control your calculator are copyrighted and all rights are reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of those programs without prior written permission of Hewlett-Packard Co. is also prohibited. © Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York, 1989. Permission is granted to any individual or institution to usc, copy, oF redistribute Kermit software so long as itis not sold for profit, provided this copyright notice is retained. Corvallis Division 1000 NEE. Circle Blvd. Corvallis, OR 97330, USA. Printing History Edition 1 January 1990 Mfg. No. 00048-5000. Edition 2 ‘April 1990 Mfg, No. 00048.90051 Edition 3 May 1950 Mfg. No, 00048-9006 Edition 4 July 1990 Mfg. No. 00048-9007Contents 20 Howto Use This Manu 20 The Parts in This Manual 21 The Conventions Used in This Manual 24° For More Information Part 1: Building Blocks 1 24 — Getting Started 25 — Turning the Caleulator On and Off 25 Adjusting the Display Contrast, 25 Introducing the Keyboard 27 Discorering the Power of the HP 48 41 Setting the Time and Date 42 Classifying HP 48 Operations 44 Where to Go from Here 2 45 The Keyboard and Display 45 Organization of the Display 46 TheStack 46 = TheCommand Line 47 Keying in Numbers 48° TheStatus Area, Annunciators, and Messages 50 Organization of the Keyboard 52 TheShift Keys 52 The Alpha Keyboard53 Generating Accented Characters 54 The Attention Key 55 Keying in Delimiters 55 Menus 58 Displaying Menus 57 —_ Switching to the Last Menu 57 Display Modes 69 The Stack and Command Line G1 Using the Stack for Calculations 61 An Overview 61 One-Argument Commands 62 Two-Argument Commands €2 Using Previous Results (Chair Calculations) 63 Swapping Levels 1 and 2 64 Clearing the Stack €4 Recovering the Last Arguments €5 Duplicating Level 1 66 Displaying Objects for Viewing or Editing 67 Viewing and Editing an Object 67 —_ Viewing and Editing the Contents of a Variable: 68 ©The EDIT Menu 70 The Interactive Stack 75 Using the Command Line 75 Accumulating Data in the Command Line 76 Entry Modes 77 —_ Recovering Previous Command Lines 78 — Other Stack Commands 80 Objects 81 Real Numbers 81 Complex Numbers 82 Binary Integers 83° Arrays 84 Names 85 Algebraic Objects 85 Programs BE Strings Contents100 100 101 101 102 105 107 107 107 108 109 109 110 m1 112 112 113 114 114 114 115 115 115 Lists Graphics Objects Tagged Objects Unit Objects Directory Objects Additional Object Types ‘Commands that Manipulate Objects Object Types Determining Object Types Separating Variable Names by Object Type Evaluating Objects ‘Types of Memory Memory Utilization Commands Clearing All Memory Low-Memory Conditions Variables and the VAR Menu Creating a Variable The STO Command ‘The DEFINE Command Variable Names Using the Contents of a Variable Evaluating a Variable’s Name Recalling the Contents of Variables ‘Changing the Contents of Variables Using Quoted Versus Unquoted Variable Names ‘The VAR Menu and REVIEW Catalog Reordering the VAR Menu Purging Variables Purging Individual Variables Purging More Than One Variable Purging All Variables Error Recovery Variable Arithmetic Contents118 118 120 121 121 121 122 122 122 122 122 123 123 125 125 127 128 128 129 130 Directs Directory Concepts Creating Subdirectories Creating and Accessing Variables in Directories Creating Variables Accessing Variables Changing Directories ‘Switching to a Subdirectory ‘Switching to the Parent cr HOME Directory Purging Variables and Directories Purging the Contents of a Directory Purging a Directory Using Directory Objects More About Algebraic Objects Evaluation of Algebraics Symbolic Versus Numerical Results, ‘Automatic Simplification ‘The Rules of Algebraic Precedence Expressions and Equations Related Topics Part 2: Hand Tools 132 133 134 136 137 138 139 139 140 140 az 144 Contents Common Math Functions ‘The MTH (MATH) Menu Arithmetic and General Math Functions Fraction Conversion Functions Exponential, Logarithmic, and Hyperbolic Functions Percent Functions ‘Angle Mode, Trigonometric Functions, and ¢ Selecting the Angle Mode ‘Trigonometric Functions Using x Angle Conversion Functions Symbolic Constants10 W 12 144 148 145 147 148 1 150 151 152 153 154 158 157 157 158 160 161 161 163 164 164 165 165 167 169 170 170 171 172 173 176 183 184 Using Symbolic Constants Using Values for Symbolic Constants Using Flags to Interpret Symbolic Constants Factorial, Probability, and Random Numbers Other Real-Number Functions Using Symbolic Arguments with Common Math Functions User-Defined Functions Creating a User-Defined Function Executing a User-Defined Function ‘Nesting User-Defined Functions ‘The Structure of a User-Defined Function Complex Numbers. Entering and Displaying Complex Numbers How Complex Numbers Are Displayed Entering Complex Numbers Assembling and Taking Apart Complex Numbers Calculating with Complex Numbers ‘Comparison with Real Number Calculations Complex Results from Real Operations ‘Complex Numbers in Algebraics Algebraics Containing Complex Numbers Using the Symbolic Constant i Additional Commands for Complex Numbers Complex Numbers or Vectors? Vectors Displaying 2D and 3D Vectors How 2D Vectors Are Displayed How 3D Vectors Are Displayed Entering 2D and 3D Vectors Assembling and Taking Apart 2D and 3D Vectors 2D and 3D Vector Calculations ‘Additional Vector Commands ‘Complex Numbers or Vectors?13 14 15 210 212 212 213 213 215 216 216 216 Contents Unit Management How the Units application Is Organized Definition of Terms ‘The UNITS Catalog Menu Creating a Unit Object Creating a Unit Object in the Command Line Reviewing Unit Names Unit Objects in Algebraics Unit Prefixes Usit-Object Conversion Usit-Object Conversion in the UNITS Catalog Memt Unit-Object Conversion with CONVERT Unit-Object Conversion in the CST Menu Conversion to SI Base Units ‘Temperature Conversion Dimensionless Units of Angle Unit-Expression Factoring Uni-Object Arithmetic Building Unit Objects with the EquationWriter Application ‘User-Defined Units ‘Additional Commands for Unit Objects Binary Arithmetic Setting the Wordsize Selecting the Base Entering Binary Integers Calculations with Binary Integers ‘Additional Binary Integer Commands Customizing the Calculator Custom (CST) Menus Creating a Custom Menu Custom Menu Functionality Enhancing Custom Menus Creating a Temporary Menu ‘The User Keyboard User ModesPart 3: 16 17 217 Making User Key Assignments 219 Clearing User Key Assignments 219 ——_-eactivating a Single Standard Key 220 Recalling and Editing User Key Assignments 220 Other Customizing Operations 220 ‘The MODES Menu 222 ‘System Flags Power Tools 226 The EquationWriter Application 228 — How the EquationWriter Application Is Organized 230 Constructing an Equation 237 ‘Turning Off Implicit Parentheses 237 EquationWriter Application Examples 240 Viewing Algebraics and Unit Objects in the EquationWriter Application 241 Editing Equations 241 Backspace Editing 242 Command-Line Editing 246 Inserting an Object from the Stack 287 Replacing a Subexpression with an Algebraic from ‘the Stack 248 A Preview of the Rules Application 250 The HP Solve Application 253 The Structure of the HP Solve Application 254 Equations, Expressions, and Programs 255 The SOLVE Menu—Specifjing the Current Equation, 287 Entering a New Current Equation 258 ‘The Equation Catalog— Selecting and Managing Existing Equations 263° © The SOLVR Menu— Solving the Current Equation 265 ‘Using EXPR= 266 Choosing Guesses 266 Solving Equations with the Plot Application Coments 9