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Algebraic Expressions and Identities

The document defines algebraic expressions and their components such as terms, factors, coefficients, monomials, binomials, trinomials and polynomials. It provides examples of how to perform operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication on algebraic expressions. These include multiplying monomials, binomials, and polynomials as well as using standard identities for squaring binomial expressions and multiplying a binomial by its opposite. The key steps are to collect like terms for addition and subtraction and distribute multiplication through terms.

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Pranav Sinha
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321 views21 pages

Algebraic Expressions and Identities

The document defines algebraic expressions and their components such as terms, factors, coefficients, monomials, binomials, trinomials and polynomials. It provides examples of how to perform operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication on algebraic expressions. These include multiplying monomials, binomials, and polynomials as well as using standard identities for squaring binomial expressions and multiplying a binomial by its opposite. The key steps are to collect like terms for addition and subtraction and distribute multiplication through terms.

Uploaded by

Pranav Sinha
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MADE BY PRATEEK SINHA CLASS VIII-C ROLL NO.

- 41

WHAT ARE ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS?

A NUMBER OR A COMBINATION OF NUMBERS CONNECTED BY THE SYMBOLS OF OPERATION +, -, x, IS CALLED AN ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION. EQUATIONS ARE FORMED FROM VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS.

TERMS AND FACTORS


VARIOUS PARTS OF AN ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION WHICH ARE SEPERATED BY THE SIGNS + OR ARE CALLED THE TERMS OF THE EXPRESSION. EACH TERM IN AN ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION IS A PRODUCT OF ONE OR MORE NUMBERS KNOWN AS THE FACTORS OF THAT TERM. FOR EX : FACTORS OF 24 =

LIKE AND UNLIKE TERMS


THE TERMS HAVING THE SAME LITERAL FACTORS ARE CALLED LIKE TERMS, OTHERWISE THEY ARE CALLED UNLIKE TERMS.

COEFFICIENT
IN A TERM OF AN ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION ANY OF THE FACTORS WITH THE SIGN OF THE TERM IS CALLED THE COEFFICIENT OF THE PRODUCT OF OTHER FACTORS.

MONOMIALS, BINOMIALS, TRINOMIALS AND POLYNOMIALS


EXPRESSION THAT CONTAINS ONLY ONE TER IS CALLED MONOMIAL. EXPRESSION THAT CONTAINS TWO TERMS IS CALLED BINOMIAL. EXPRESSION CONTAINING THREE TERMS IS CALLED TRINOMIALS EXPRESSION CONTAINING ONE OR MORE TERMS IS CALLED POLYNOMIALS.

ADDITION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS


EX. ADD (3x3 + 2x 5) + (2x3 + x + 9) = 3x3 + 2x3 + 2x + x -5 + 9 {Collecting Like Terms} = (3 + 2)x3 + (2 + 1)x + (-5 + 9) {Adding Like Terms} = 5x3 + 3x + 4 .THIS IS HOW WE ADD ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS.

SUBTRACTION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS


EX. SUBTRACT (4x3 + x2 + x + 6) (2x3 - 4x2 + 3x + 5) = 4x3 + x2 + x + 6 - 2x3 + 4x2 - 3x 5 = 4x3 - 2x3 + x2 + 4x2 + x -3x + 6 5 = 2x3 + 5x2 2x + 1

.THIS IS HOW WE SUBTRACT ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS.

MULTIPLICATION OF TWO MONOMIALS


EX. MULTIPLY : (3ab) x (5b) = (3 x 5) x (ab x b) = 3 x 5 x [a x (b x b)] = 15 x [a x b2] = 15 x ab2 = 15ab2 .THIS IS HOW WE MULTIPLY TWO MONOMIALS.

MULTIPLICATION OF A MONOMIAL AND A BINOMIAL


EX. MULTIPLY : 2x by (3x + 5y) = (2x x 3x) + (2x x 5y) = 6x2 + 10xy .THIS IS HOW WE MULTIPLY A MONOMIAL BY A BINOMIAL.

MULTIPLICATION OF A MINOMIAL BY A TRINOMIAL


EX. MULTIPLY : 3p x (4p2 + 5p + 7) = (3p x 3p2) + (3p x 5p) + (3p x 7) = 9p3 + 15p2 + 21p .THIS IS HOW WE MULTIPLY A MONOMIAL BY A TRINOMIAL.

MULTIPLICATION OF TWO BINOMIALS


EX: MULTIPLY (3x + 2y) and (5x + 3y) = (3x + 2y) x (5x + 3y) = 3x x (5x + 3y) + 2y x (5x + 3y) = (3x x 5x + 3x x 3y) + (2y x 5x + 2y x 3y) = 15x2 + 9xy + 10xy + 6y2 = 15x2 + 19xy + 6y2 .THIS IS HOW WE MULTIPLY A MONOMIAL BY A TRINOMIAL.

MULTIPLICATION OF A BINOMIAL BY A TRINOMIAL


EX: MULTIPLY (a + b) (2a 3b + c) - (2a - 3b + c) = a (2a 3b + c) + b (2a 3b + c) = 2a2 3ab + ac + 2ab 3b2 + bc = 2a2 ab + ac 3b2 + bc .THIS IS HOW WE MULTIPLY A MONOMIAL BY A TRINOMIAL.

WHAT IS AN IDENTITY?

AN IDENTITY IS AN EQUALITY WHICH IS TRUE FOR ALL VALUES OF THE VARIABLE.

STANDARD IDENTITIES

IDENTITIY 1
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 or, (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab i.e., Square of the sum of two terms = (Square of the first term) + (Square of the second term) + 2 x (First term) x (Second term) Proof: (a + b)2 = (a + b)(a + b) =(a + b)2 = a (a + b) + b (a + b) =(a + b)2 = a2 + ab + ba + b2 =(a + b)2 = a2 + ab + ab + b2 =(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 =(a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab

IDENTITIY 2
(a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2 or, (a - b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab i.e., Square of the difference of two terms = (Square of the first term) + (Square of the second term) + 2 x (First term) x (Second term) Proof: (a - b)2 = (a - b)(a - b) =(a - b)2 = a (a - b) - b (a - b) =(a - b)2 = a2 - ab - ba + b2 =(a - b)2 = a2 - ab - ab + b2 =(a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2 =(a - b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab

IDENTITIY 3
(a + b)(a - c) = a2 b2 i.e., (First term + Second term) (First term - Second term) = (First term)2 (Second term)2 Proof: (a + b)(a - b) = a (a - b) + b (a - b) =(a + b)(a - b) = a2 - ab + ba b2 =(a + b)(a b) = a2 ab + ab b2 =(a + b)(a b) = a2 b2

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