The Burmese Journal (October-2012)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
twGJ 10- trSwf 10 Vol 10, No.10 Oct, 2012
uAsm
c&dkeDuyf
pmrsuf E S m - 3 od k @
vl r _ z l v H k a &;&H y H k a iG r S oef ; acgif ; pm&if ;

oG i f ; xm;ol t wG u f cH p m;cG i f h
atmufwdkbmv 2012
xrif ; pm;_yD ; vS s if a &S m if - uOf

oif h o nf h t csuf r sm;
pmrsufESm- 4 rS 6 odk@
umwGef;
pmrsuf E S m (27)od k @
jynfov
l v
kd m;vSsif orRwwm0ef,rl nf[k a':atmifqef;pk-unfajym
(8 &uf atmuf w d k b mv 2012 - {&m0wD )
(tar&d u ef c&D ; pOf E S i f h ywf o uf I a':atmif
qef ; pk = unf owif ; pm&S i f ; vif ; yG J jyKvk y f p Of )
trsKd ; om; 'D r d k u a&pD tzG J csKyf (NLD)
OuU a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf u Ed k i f i H a &;ygwD
wck . acgif ; aqmif w OD ; taejzif h jynf o l v l x k
vd k v m;vS s if orR w tjzpf wm0ef , l r nf j zpf + yD ;
zG J pnf ; yk H O ya' jyif q if a &;uk d quf v uf } ud K ;yrf ;
vk y f a qmif o G m ;rnf j zpf a =umif ; ajymqk d v d k u f
onf ? 8 &uf a e@u a&$ * k H w k d i f NLD &k H ; csKyf w G i f
usif ; yjyKvk y f a om tar&d u ef j ynf a xmif p k c&D ;
pOf q d k i f & m&S i f ; vif ; yG J w G i f a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf
u txufygtwkdif; ajymqkdvdkufjcif;jzpf onf?
Edb
k ,fvi+f rd ;f csrf;a&;qk
EU
&&Sd
(12102012 VOA))
2012 ck E S p f / Ed k b ,f v f + id r f ; csrf ; a&;qk u d k EU tD ; ,l Oa&myor*~ u d k csD ; jrif h a =umif ;
Ed k b ,f v f + id r f ; csrf ; a&; qk a &G ; cs,f a &;tzJ G @ u a=unmvd k u f y gw,f ? Oa&mya'owG i f ; ES p f 60
=umwJ h t xd vl @ tcG i f h t a&; +id r f ; csrf ; a&;eJ @ jyef v nf o ih f j rwf a &;twG u f }ud K ;yrf ; cJ h w J h tay:
a&G ; cs,f v d k u f w mvd k @ qd k y gw,f ? jref r mh ' D r d k u a&pD a &;v_ y f & S m ;ol a wG / vl @ tcG i f h t a&;v_ y f & S m ;
olawGuawmh tD;,l Oa&myor*~&J ordkif;/ &yfwnfcsufawGt& tckvdk Edkb,fvf+idrf;csrf;a&;qk
&&dSr_tay:rSm }udKqdkaxmufcH=uygw,f? tckOa&mypHcsdef ae@vnfydkif;rSmyJ jrefrmEdkifiHom;awG
tygt0if tm;vH k ; apmif h a rS s mf em;pG i f h a e=uwJ h 2012 Ed k b ,f v f + id r f ; csrf ; a&;qk & S i f b,f o l v J qd k w mud k Ed k A ,f + id r f ; csrf ; a&;qk
a&G;cs,fa&;aumfrwDu a=unmoGm;ygw,f? wnfaxmifcJhwJh ESpf 60 twGif; Oa&mywdkufxJrSm vl@tcGifhta&; +idrf;csrf;a&;eJ@
jyef v nf o if h j rwf a &;twG u f aqmif & G u f c J h r _ a wG a =umif h tD ; ,l Oa&myor*~ u d k 'D E S p f Ed k b ,f v f + id r f ; csrf ; a&;qk csD ; jrif h a =umif ;
a=unmoG m ;wmyg?
jref r mjynf o m;rsm;ta&;
; wG J v _ y f & S m ;r_2005
a umf r w
wD ( JACBA)rSrS vpOf x k w f a 0jzef @ csD o nf ?
Established
by sinceylAugust,
"

atmufwb
kd mv 2012
xdik ;f Edik if rH mS qufvyk &f rvm;/

jrefrmjynf jyefjy;D vky&f rvm;/
jrefrma&$ hajymif;tvkyform;wdk h pOf;pm;zdk h tcsdefwefjyD
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jyD;cJhonfh 1 ESpfcGJ (2011ckESpf/ v orRwOD;odef;pdefeJ@ jrefrmh'Drdkua&pD acgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;

pk=unfwdk@ awG@qHkaqG;aEG;jyD;csdef)rSpjyD; tajymif;tvJrsm;&SdcJha=umif; EdkifiHwumuem;vnf vufcHxm;=uonf? odk@&mwGif
tay:xyf t aqmuf t tH k . [ef j yajymif ; vJ r _ r sm;omjzpf a ejyD ; tv,f x yf t aqmuf t tH k E S i f h tajccH t aqmuf ttH k w d k @
wG i f r _ xl ; jcm;aomtajymif ; tvJ r sm;r&S d a o;yJ ,cif p pf t k y f c sKyf a &;pepf . yH k p H t wd k i f ; yif &S d a eqJ j zpf o nf ? tvk y f t ud k i f
&S m ;yg;r_ E S i f h qif ; &J r G J a wr_ w d k @ a=umif h rd c if j ref r mEd k i f i H r S tvk y f o rm;wd k @ onf xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H w G i f 3 oef ; cef @ rav;&S m ; Ed k i f i H w G i f
1 oef;cef@ ponfjzifh a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;b0ESifh tvkyft=urf; rsdK;pHkudk vkyfudkifae=u&ayonf/ xdkodk@ a&$@ ajymif;tvkyf
orm;b0jzifh rdcifEdkifiHom; tvkyform;rsm; rvkyfudkifvdkaom cufcJ=urf;wrf;aomtvkyf( Dificulf)) npfywfaya& aom
tvkyf ( Dirty) tE W & m,f & S d a omtvk y f( Dangerous) ponf h 3D tvk y f r sm;ud k ouf q d k i f & mEd k i f i H r sm;. ouf r S w f x m;aom
vk y f t m;cE_ e f ; twk d i f ; r&&S d y J vk y f u d k i f a e=u&wmrsm;ayonf ?
Tae&mwG i f vuf & S d jref r mEd k i f i H . tajymif ; tvJ yH k & d y f r sm;onf rnf o nf h t wG u f a =umif h jref r ma&$ @ ajymif ; tvk y f
orm;rsm; (0g) jynf y xG u f j yD ; tvk y f = urf ; xG u f v k y f u d k i f a e=uaom jref r mtvk y f o rm;rsm;tay: tusKd ; ouf a &muf r _
od o mxif & S m ;r_ r&S d & ygoenf ; ?
jref r mjynf w G i f ; wG i f ek d i f i H a wmf y d k i f p uf & H k t vk y f & H k r sm;wG i f vk y f u d k i f a e=uaom tvk y f o rm;rsm;. tajccH v pmE_ e f ;
xm;udk owfrSwfekdif=uaomfvnf; yk*~vdupuf&Hk tvkyf&Hkrsm;wGif vkyfudkifae=uaom tajccHvpmE_ef;xm;rsm;udkrl rowf
rS w fe kdi fa o;ygacs? xk d if ; ekdi fi H&Sd (77)c&dki fwGi f jrefrma&$ @ ajymif ;tvk yf o rm;rsm;onf c&d k i f a 'otvk d u f owf rS w f vkyf tm;c
r&&S d y J tvk y f = urf ; rsm;ud k vk y f u d k i f a e=u&mY xd k i f ; -jref r me,f p yf rJ a qmuf t ygt0if wmh ( cf ) c&d k i f o nf tajctae tqk d ;
qH k ; a'owpf c k j zpf o nf ? ,ae@umvwG i f rJ a qmuf t ygt0if wmh ( cf ) c&d k i f a 'orS m cef @ rS e f ; ajc jref r ma&$ @ ajymif ; tvk y f
orm; 4 od e f ; cef @ &S d & mY puf & H k tvk y f & H k } uD ; (4/ 5)ck r S v $ J I rnf o nf h jref r ma&$ @ ajymif ; tvk y f o rm;r# wpf v v#if bwf
(4000) r&&S d = uacs? tES D bwf (4000) [l o nf umvwef a =u; (aiG w ef z d k ; vJ v S , f r _ p H E _ e f ; )t& usyf 1 od e f ; omjzpf & m
,ck v uf & S d jref r mek d i f i H & S d yJ c l ; / &ef u k e f ponf h txnf c sKyf p uf & H k r sm;wG i f 0if a &muf v k y f u d k i f a e=uaom tvk y f o rm;rsm;.
0if a iG E _ e f ; xm;jzpf a eayonf ?
od k @ jzpf y gI ,m,D e k d i f i H u l ; vuf r S w f E S i f h tvk y f o rm;vuf r S w f w d k @ twG u f vpOf j zwf a wmuf c H a e=u&aom xk d i f ; jref r me,f p yf wmh ( cf ) c&d k i f r S tvk y f o rm;rsm;onf bef a umuf t ygt0if xk d i f ; ek d f i f i H . vk y f t m;cH p D E _ e f ; rsm;jym;aom +rd K @
}uD;rsm;qDodk@ oGm;v#ifoGm;/ odk@r[kwfygu jrefrmekdifiHodk@ jyefI yk*~vdu puf&Hk tvkyf&HkqD OD;wnfol OD;wnfESifh rdrdwdk@.
a&G ; cs,f y d k i f c G i f h u d k azmf a qmif a e=uayonf ? ta=umif ; a=umif ; aom ta=umif ; a=umif ; rsm;a=umif h a&$ @ ajymif ; tvk y f o rm;
b0udk ra&mufcsifyJESifh a&muf=u&aom jrefrmtvkyform;wdk@onfvnf; ,m,Dywfpfydk@ pmtkyfESifh tvkyform;vufrSwf
pmtk y f p onf h pmtk y f E S i f h c k = um; aiG a =u;uk e f u sp&d w f A smrsm;um xd k i f ; ek d i f i H & S d c&d k i f a 'owpf c k c k w G i f y if quf v uf & yf w nf
=urnfvm;? (odk@wnf;r[kwf) xkdif;ekdifiH&Sd c&dkifa'owpfckckwGif 0ifa&mufvkyfudkif&if; wpHkw&mu|rf;usifvmaom tvkyf
wpf c k c k j zif h (rnf o nf h v uf r S w f j y\em rS u k e f u sp&mrvd k a om) rd c if j ref r mek d i f i H o d k @ jyef v nf v k y f u d k i f = urnf v m; qk d o nf u d k
pOf ; pm;=u&ef tcsd e f w ef + yD j zpf y ga=umif ; rD ; armif ; xd k ; jyvk d u f & ayonf ?
*** jynforl yg
k mrS r_yD;ekid yf g?
t&m&m
bmqdb
?
tc&m
t&m&mudk ajymif;vJeidk o
*** jynfoo
l nfom
f nf?
?
'dk w
*** cGet
f m;r#a0
h awGonf rvGrJ aoG/ jynfoal wGtwGu?
f?
jref r mjynf o m;rsm;ta&; yl ; wG J v _ y f & S m ;r_ a umf r wD ( JACBA)rSrS vpOf x k w f a 0jzef @ csD o nf ?
pmrsufEmS (2)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
oDa&;oD&m = uAsmpmrsufEmS
c&dek u
D yf
jrpf { &mrS m
raA'gav;
"mwktqdyfoifhowJh?
=uuf w l a &G ; u
ygyD a v;ud k ajymw,f /
vl a wG u d k
aumif ; aumif ; ES k w f q uf y g wJ h /
td r f a &muf v mol w d k i f ;
{nf h a umif ; r[k w f w wf w mud k
ol r S r od & S m yJ u d k ; ?
pD ; awmf j rif ; u
jcaoF h u d k a jymw,f /
vlawGudk vdk&mydkzdk
*k w f c G p D ; cG i f h
ay;&r,f wJ h /
awmbk & if
jcaoF h r if ; &J
pd w f " mwf u
=umyG w f ' %f a wG
acgif ; iH k rcH E d k i f w mud k
a=omf - ol r S rod & S m yJ u d k ; ?
armifvrG ;f %D
a-omf= olrS rod&SmyJudk;

wD a umif u
ajrG u d k a jymw,f /
vl e if ; rcH & atmif
owd x m; wJ h /
teif ; cH & wd k i f ;
jym;jym;r0yf o G m ;wwf w mud k
td r f a =umif u
usm;ud k a jymw,f /
vl a wG u
od y f = uif e mwmyJ wJ h /
aoewf w um;um;eJ
&rf ; um;wwf o l a wG u d k
ol r S rjrif z l ; &S m yJ u d k ; ?
=uG u f u av;u
qif u d k a jymw,f /
ajc&mrcH r d a tmif
yk e f ; aeygvm; wJ h /
qif o G m ;&m
vrf ; jzpf w wf w mud k
ol r S rod & S m yJ u d k ; ?
bJ a v;u
=uuf u d k a jymw,f /
[d k b uf u rf ;
ul ; =u&atmif wJ h /
=uuf u av;
a&ul ; vd k r&wmud k
yk & G u f q d w f a v;u
ZD ; uG u f u d k a jymw,f /
t&mtm;vH k ; ud k
vd k u f = unf h r aeeJ wJ h /
ZD ; uG u f r suf v H k ; u
vd k u f r =unf h v J
jrif a ewwf w mud k
cif r rrsd K ;
kyfao;kyf
vuf t csd K ; ajctwd k ; eJ @
u}ud K ;uuG u f a wG u qef ; w,f ?
ajctod r f ; vuf t E_ w f e J @
ok y f j yaewmvnf ; vef ; w,f ?
tqd k a umif ; tid k a umif ; eJ @
yvD y vm wD w D w mwmajym
y&d w f o wf a wG oabmus
aomif ; aomif ; jzjz =obmay;
yaxG ; awG tvd k a wmf u s
id k c sif ; vnf ; csw,f ?
=unf h p rf ; =unf h p rf ;
cyf v S r f ; vS r f ; qd k & if roJ u G J
acgif ; / cg;/ ajc/ vuf }ud K ;awG w G J v d k @
cyf & J & J a &S ud k w d k ; =unf h
yuwd t wd k i f ; od v d r f h r ,f
xdkifqdkxdkif vkyfqdkvkyf
ol r sm;cd k i f ; wd k i f ; _ y f a e&wJ h
wu,f a wmh ol [ mk y f a o;k y f ? ?
jref r mjynf o m;rsm;ta&; yl ; wG J v _ y f & S m ;r_ a umf r w

armif y gv
pmrsufEmS (3)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
jrefrma&$ hajymif; odapa-umif;
vlr+zlvHka&;&HyHkaiGrS oef;acgif;pm&if; oGif;xm;oltwGuf cHpm;cGifh

a&$ @ ajymif ; tvk y f o rm;rsm;ES i f h vl r _ z l v H k a &; &H y H k a iG c H p m;cG i f h
xkdif;ouU&mZf 2552 ESpfOD;ydkif;rSpwifI xkdif;tpdk;&u jrefrmekdifiHrS a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;twGuf xdkif;ekdifiHodk@
w&m;0if 0ifa&muftvkyfvkyfudkif=uaom tvkyform;rsm;tjzpfodk@ ajymif;vJ&ef rl0g'wpf&yfxkwfjyefcJhonf? xdkrl0g't&
a&$ @ ajymif ; tvk y f o rm;rsm;tm;vH k ; onf ed k i f i H o m;pD p pf & ef / xd k @ aemuf ppf w rf ; t& tcsuf t vuf j ynf h p H k a om tvk y f o rm;
rsm;tm; tvkyfvkyfcGifhvufrSwf qufvufavsmufxm;&efESifh/ tcsuftvufjynfhpHkaom tvkyform;rsm;tm; tvkyform;
qk d i f & mOya't& xd k i f ; tvk y f o rm;rsm;ES i f h wef ; wl t cG i f h t a&;xH p m;&rnf h t jyif / vl r _ z l v H k a &; tuf O ya' 2533 t& vl r _
zl v H k a &; &H y H k a iG c H p m;cG i f h &&ef E S i f h oef ; acgif ; pm&if ; 0ef & ef ponf h r l 0 g'rsm;xk w f j yef c J h o nf ?
vl r _ z l v H k a &;
vlr_zlvHka&;qdkonfrSm vlr_b0wpfcktwGuf tmrcHcsufwpfckjzpfonf? vkyftm;cvpm yHkrSef&S&daom tvkyform;
wdkif;onf vlr_zlvHka&;&Hk;odk@ tcGefaiGay;oGif;v#if xdkodk@ ayoGif;&jcif;tm;jzifh xdktvkyform;onf rusef;rrmjzpfaomtcg
wG i f aomf v nf ; aumif ; / rD ; zG m ;aomtcgwG i f aomf v nf ; aumif ; / vk y f i ef ; cG i f w G i f xd c k d u f ' %f & m&+yD ; ud k , f c E< m csKd @ ,G i f ; v#if
aomfvnf;aumif;/ aoqHk;oGm;aomtcgwGifvnf; om;orD;rsm;twGuf cHpm;cGifh/ tdkrif;oGm;aomtcgwGifvnf; cHpm;cGifh/
tvkyfvufrJhjzpfoGm;pOf vlr_zlvHka&;&Hk;rS owfrSwfxm;aom cHpm;cGifh vpmrsm;udk &&Sdrnfjzpfonf? odk@aomf xkdtcGifhta&;
rsm;ud k oef ; acgif p m&if 0 if x m;aom tvk y f o rm;
rsm;rS o m cH p m;cG i f h & &S d r nf j zpf o nf ?
&H y H k a iG a y;oG i f ; jcif ;
vl r _ z l v H k a &;&H y H k a iG x nf h 0 if o nf h p epf o nf
tvkyform;/ tvkyf&SifESifh tpdk;&tzGJ@rS oHk;yGifh
qkdifI vpOf&HyHkaiG xnfh oGif;jcif;jzpfonf? tvkyf
&S i f o nf rd r d t vk y f o rm;. vpmxJ r S vpOf
5 &mcdkifE_ef;udk vlr_zlvHka&;&HyHkaiGtzGJ@odk@ aoG;oGif;
&rnf j zpf + yD ; / tvk y f & S i f r S v nf ; 5 &mck d i f E _ e f ;
xnfh0ifay;&rnfhtjyif/ usefaom 5 &mckdifE_ef;udk
tpd k ; &rS xnf h o G i f ; ay;&rnf j zpf o nf ? tvk y f
orm;wpfOD;v#if vlr_zlvHka&;&HyHkaiGtwGuf tenf;
qH k ; wpf v v#if 83 bwf yH k r S e f x nf h o G i f ; &
rnf j zpf + yD ; trsm;qH k ; 750 bwf x d xnf h 0 if e k d i f
onf ?
oef ; acgif p m&if ; ay;oG i f ; jcif ;
oef ; acgif p m&if ; ay;oG i f ; +yD ; vl r _ z l v H k a &;tzG J @ 0if j zpf & ef t wG u f tvk y f o rm;wpf a ,muf o nf puf & H k tvk y f & H k (od k @ )
uk r ` % D (od k @ ) tzG J @ tpnf ; wpf c k c k w G i f tvk y f v k y f a omol j zpf & rnf ? xd k p uf & H k tvk y f & H k E S i f h tzG J @ tpnf ; rsm;rS v nf ; rd r d w d k @
vkyfief;cGifwGif tvkyform;wpfa,mufESifh txuf&Sdygu vlr_zlvHka&;&HyHkaiGtzGJ@odk@ oef;acgifpm&if;ay;oGif; &rnf jzpfonf?
vlr_zlvHka&;tzGJ@0ifwpfOD;onf tenf;qHk; touf 15 ESpf&Sd&rnfjzpf+yD;/ touf 60 ESpftxuf&Sdolrsm;onf av#mufxm;
cGifhr&Sdyg? tvkyfp0if+yD; oef;acgifpm&if;ay;oGif;+yD;onfh tvkyform;wkdif;onf tzGJ@0ifu'fjym;&&Sdrnfjzpfonf? oef;acgif;
pm&if;oGif;+yD;aom tvkyform;wkdif; 3 vjynfhonfhaemufydkif;wGif vlr_zlvHka&;cHpm;cGifhudk pwiftoHk;jyKekdifonf? xdk@a=umifh
tvk y f o rm;onf v nf ; oef ; acgif p m&if ; ay;oG i f ; cd s ef w G i f rd r d t wG u f tqif a jyek d i f r nf h aq;&H k u d k a c|;cs,f & rnf j zpf o nf ?
vl r _ z l v H k a &;av#muf v $ m wif & ef t wG u f tvk y f o rm;zuf r S jyif q if & rnf h pm&G u f p mwrf ; rsm;
1? ? yxrqH k ; t}ud r f a v#muf v $ m wif r nf h tvk y f o rm;rsm;twG u f vl r _ z l v H k a &;av#muf v $ m yH k p H ( aqmf a yg;aqmf 1-03)
2? ? ,m,D y wf p f y d k @ rd w W L ES i f h tvk y f v k y f c G i f h v uf r S w f
3? ? vl r _ z l v H k a &;&H k ; od k @ &H y H k a iG a y;oG i f ; zl ; aomtvk y f o rm;onf av#muf v $ m yH k p H (aqmf a yg;aqmf 1-03/1)
tvk y f & S i f od k @ r[k w f uk r ` % D r S &uf a ygif ; 30 twG i f ; oef ; acgif p m&if ; ay;oG i f ; &ef ysuf u G u f c J h y gu vl r _ z l v H k a &;
tufOya't& axmif'%f 6 v odk@r[kwf aiG'%f bwf 20000 odk@r[kwf jypf'%f 2 &yfpvHk;cH&rnfjzpfonf? vkyfief;&SifrS
av#muf x m;&ef ysuf u G u f c J h a omf wpf & uf v #if '%f a iG bwf 5000 ay;aqmif & rnf j zpf o nf ?
vl r _ z l v H k a &;&H y H k a iG X mewG i f oef ; acgif p m&if ; oG i f ; xm;ol r sm;twG u f cH p m;cG i f h r sm;
1? ? vkyfief;cGifjyifyY rrm rusef; odk@r[kwf rawmfwqxdckdufr_rsm;jzpfonfh tvkyform;rsm;twGuf rdrdwdk@pm&if;
oGif;xm;aom aq;&HkY OD;pm;ay;uko&rnf? xdkcHpm;cGifh&&eftwGuf tvkyform;onf vlr_zlvHka&;&HyHkaiGXmeodk@ tenf;qHk;
3 vpm &H y H k a iG a y;oG i f ; +yD ; om;jzpf & rnf ? xd c k d u f r _ t wG u f &&S d r nf h e pf e ma=u;ud k xd c k d u f ' %f & m pwif j zpf o nf h a e@rS p I
vl r _ z l v H k a &;&H k ; od k @ csuf c sif ; ta=umif ; =um;+yD ; (15)v twG i f ; wG i f oG m ;a&muf x k w f , l e k d i f o nf ?
pmrsufEmS (4)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
2? ? trsKd ; orD ; tvk y f o rm;rsm;twG u f rD ; zG m ;pOf u mvES i f h tvk y f e m;onf h u mvtwG u f owf r S w f x m;onf h
aiG a =u;yrm%ES i f h aq;uk o p&d w f t wG u f cH p m;cG i f h & &S d r nf j zpf + yD ; / tvk y f o rm;onf v nf ; tenf ; vl r _ z l v H k a &;&H k ; od k @ (7)
vpmxd &H y H k a iG a y;oG i f ; xm;aomol r S o mv#if cH p m;cG i f h & rnf j zpf o nf ? (arG ; zG m ;+yD ; onf h tcsd e f r S p I 15 vtwG i f ; wG i f
cH p m;cG i f h u d k oG m ;a&muf x k w f , l e k d i f y gonf ? )
3? ? ud k , f c E< m xd c k d u f ' %f & m&+yD ; cG J p d w f u k o r_ uk e f u sp&d w f E S i f h tvk y f e m;&onf h u mvtwG u f owf r S w f x m;aom
epf e ma=u;twG u f cH p m;cG i f h r sm;&&S d o nf h t jyif aeaumif ; usef ; rmvmcsd e f t xd apmif h q k d i f ; ae&onf h t csd e f t wG u f v nf ;
cHpm;cGifh&&Sdrnfjzpfonf? odk@aomf xdkcHpm;cGifhrsm;twGuf tvkyform;onf vlr_zlvHka&;&Hk;odk@ tenf;qHk; 3 vpm oGif;xm;
aomol j zpf & rnf h t jyif q&m0ef x H r S axmuf c H p mES i f h wuG 15 vtwG i f ; oG m ;a&muf xk w f , l e k d i f y gonf ?
4? ? vl r _ z l v H k a &;wG i f tzG J @ 0if x m;aom tvk y f o rm;onf aoqH k ; cJ h a omf xd k t vk y f o rm;twG u f tok b p&d w f E S i f h
epf e ma=u;ud k &&S d r nf j zpf o nf ? od k @ aomf xd k c H p m;cG i f h & &S d & ef t wG u f tvk y f o rm;onf vl r _ z l v H k a &;&H k ; od k @ tenf ; qH k ; 12
vpm &H y H k a iG o G i f ; xm;aomol j zpf & rnf ? xd k @ aemuf q&m0ef x H r S axmuf c H p m,l + yD ; vl r _ z l v H k a &;&H k ; od k @ ta=umif ; =um;+yD ;
6 vtwG i f ; wG i f aoqH k ; oG m ;ol E S i f h ouf q k d i f a omcH p m;cG i f h u d k oG m ;a&muf x k w f , l e k d i f o nf ?
5? ? oef ; acgif p m&if ; oG i f ; xm;ol E S i f h ouf q k d i f a om om;orD ; rsm;twG u f uav;wpf O D ; v#if wpf v bwf 400
cHpm;cGifh&&Sdrnfjzpf+yD; uav;touf 6 ESpftxd xkwf,lekdifygonf? odk@aomfvnf; om;orD; 2 a,muftwGufom cHpm;
cG i f h & rnf j zpf o nf ? xd k c H p m;cG i f h t wG u f tvk y f o rm;onf tenf ; qH k ; &H y H k a iG 12 v oG i f ; xm;+yD ; ol j zpf + yD ; arG ; zG m ;onf h a e@
rS p wif I 36 vtwG i f ; oG m ;a&muf x k w f , l e k d i f y gonf ?
6? ? touf } uD ; yif p if c H p m;cG i f h t wG u f touf 55 ES p f j ynf h o nf h t csd e f r S pwif c H p m;cG i f h & &S d r nf j zpf + yD ; / rd r d x nf h 0 if
xm;onf h &H y H k a iG yrm%tay:rl w nf I cH p m;cG i f h & &S d r nf j zpf o nf ?
7? ? vk y f i ef ; rS &yf e m;jcif ; cH & aom tvk y f o rm;wpf O D ; onf rd r d & &S d a omvpm. 50 &mck d i f E _ e f ; ES i f h &uf a ygif ; 180
twG u f epf e ma=u;cH p m;cG i f h & &S d r nf j zpf o nf ? tvk y f o rm;onf vk y f i ef ; cG i f r S ud k , f w k d i f E _ e f x G u f c J h v #if a omf v nf ; aumif ; /
tvk y f & S i f E S i f h c sKyf q d k x m;aom pmcsKyf + yD ; qH k ; oG m ;cJ h v #if a omf v nf ; aumif ; / vk y f i ef ; topf & S m &ef apmif h q k d i f ; ae&onf h umv
twGuf vpmrS 30 &mckdifE_ef;udk &ufaygif; 90 xufrausmfonfh epfema=u;cHpm;cGifhrsm;&&Sdrnfjzpfonf? xdkcHpm; cGifhrsm;
&&Sd&eftwGuf tvkyform;onf vlr_zlvHka&;Xmeodk@ tenf;qHk; 6 vpm &HkyHkaiGay;oGif;xm;ol jzpf&rnfjzpf+yD; cHpm;cGifhtwGuf
tvk y f e m;vk d u f o nf h a e@rS p wif I tvk y f & S i f x H r S tvk y f e m;a=umif ; axmuf c H p mES i f h t wl 15 vtwG i f ; oG m ;a&muf xk w f
,l e k d i f o nf ?
Txufygtcsufrsm;xJrS trSwfpOf 4 xd vkyfief;cGifrS xGuf+yD; &HyHkaiGxnfh&efysufuGufcJhonf&Sdaomf xdktcsdefrSpI
6 vtxd cH p m;cG i f h & S d a o;onf ?
vlr_zlvHka&;&HyHkaiGxnfhxm;aom tvkyform;wkdif; rnfhonfh+rdK@e,feSifh c&dkifwGifrqdk vlr_zlvHka&;cHpm;cGifheSifh epfem
a=u;tm; zk e f ; rS w qif h a omf v nf ; aumif ; / pmwk d u f r S w qif h a omf v nf ; aumif ; / quf o G , f a r;jref ; ek d i f o nf ? xd k @ jyif vl r _ z l v H k
a&;&H k ; rS cH p m;cG i f h j yKxm;onf h av#muf v $ m ES i f h w uG cH p m;cG i f h r sm;ud k awmif ; qd k e k d i f o nf ?
usrf;udk;? ? MAP Foundation vufurf;pmapmifrS ul;,lazmfjyonf?
The Opportunities for Census members from Social security

fund.
Thai Government notified the policy for Burmese migration that shown as legal labours. Since Thai year 2552. So,
according to that policy all migrant workers need to check artisanship. Then if they have complete dates the labour going
to do work permit. The labours may get equal chance with Thai Labours, if they thve complete dates. So, Thai Government
declared for benefit of social security fund according to Act 2533.
Social security
What is social security? Thats very important for our life, its definition is life insurance.
The following facts be concern,
1. Take care of health
2. Born
3. Accident and injury in a work.
4. Disable person
5. Death
6. Old and Job less period.
But that may get for migrant workers who are member in Census.
pmrsufEmS (5)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
Refunding
!Ok, So I would I would like to explain for reader. This way triangle group because it include employer, labour
and Government authorities. They ought to refund monthly, which amount is 5% by employer and other left 5% by labour.
If one of labour earn refund month at least 83 Baths and maximum until 750 Baths.
Taking Census List
I will continue my motto one of a person, who would like to become a member of Census must be a really
worker from factory, or workshop of any company. That work sites must take a list the Census if they have one and above
labour.
The social security member must about at least 15 years and no need to applicant age over 60 years. After listing
membership may get ID card.
So, I will explain continue to that rule.
Census membership can start to use the opportunities of social security often three months. Labour can choose the
best comfortable hospital for them.
Documents for Labours to applicant Social security.
1. Social security form for freshers. (Saw paw sari 1-03)
2. Temporary passport duplicate and workpermit.
3. Social security form for old member. (Saw paw saw 1-03-1)
If doing absent by employer or company must be punishment awarding to the social security 6, months imprison
or fine 20000 Baht or both punishments. The absent of Business men must fine 5000 Baht one day.
Opportunities for census membership in social security.
1. The patient Labours and wounded Labours must take medical treatment at priority hospitals. If one of Labours
had been wounded in worksite, may get Compensation within 15 days after informed to social security office.
2. Medical treatment charges and other expense may get during maternity leave for woman Labours. (Must be take
within after 15 months.
3. Somebody who had been operation by the doctors may get compensation but they must 3, months paid premium.
Then they can take compensation within 15, months with doctors record mutation.
4. Funerary fees can get for be inductive members. 12 months services social security member and may get within 6
months.
5. Members child may get 400 Baths/ one month until the childs age 6 years. But thats may get for two children not
more than that. That may get supporting money within 36 months.
6. The Labours age has been 55 years, may get pension.
7. 50 % salary and compensation include 180 days for dismiss Labours.
I will explain continue. There are 50 month Labours protection acts in Thai. So, I would like to suggest the
Labours, all of our migrant Labours ought to live urder the Law of Thailand, may free from mistakes.
Every including social security Labours can claim their opportunities of social security with post of telephone from
the place wherever they reached. Hereby the migrant Labours can claim for their social security chance officially with
application form.
Ma Har Zaw
Reference Pamphlet by MAP foundation.
vlxkusef;rma&; (xrif;pm;_yD;vSsifa&Smif-uOfoifhonfhtcsufrsm;)
** Public Health **
jref r mvl r sKd ; wd k @ .
t"d u tpm;tpmrS m
xrif ; jzpf + yD ;
ae@pOf p m;
ae=uonf j zpf & m xrif ; pm;+yD ; a&S m if = uOf o if h a om tcsuf (7) csuf u d k
usef ; rma&;tod & S d a p&ef azmf j yvk d u f & ygonf ?
(1) aq;vyf r aomuf y gES i f h ? ? u|rf ; usif o l r sm;. avh v mok a woe
jyKcsuf r sm;t&
xrif ; pm;+yD ;
pD ; u&uf
wpf v d y f a omuf j cif ; onf
pD ; u&uf q ,f v d y f a omuf j cif ; eJ @
nD r #+yD ;
uif q ma&m*gjzpf y G m ;&ef
tcG i f h t vrf ; trsm;qH k ; jzpf a =umif ; od & S d & onf ?
(2) opf r sm;ud k csuf c sif ; rpm;ygES i f h ? ? xrif ; pm;+yD ; opf o D ; rsm;ud k csuf c sif ;
pm;jcif ; onf tpmtd r f a v cH a ponf ? xd k @ a=umif h opf o D ; rsm;pm;
oH k ; rnf q d k y gu xrif ; pm;+yD ; wpf e m&D (od k @ ) ES p f e m&D t =umES i f h xrif ; rpm;rD wpf e m&D t vd k w G i f o m pm;oH k ; oif h o nf ?
pmrsufEmS (6)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
(3) vuf z uf & nf r aomuf y gES i f h ? ? vuf z uf & G u f w G i f tuf q pf y g0if r _ E _ e f ; jrif h r m;+yD ; 4if ; onf u|ef k y f w d k @
pm;oH k ; vk d u f a om tpmtd r f & S d y&d w d e f ; "mwf r sm;ud k rmausmaponf h t wG u f tpmacs&ef tcuf t cJ j zpf a ponf ?
(4) oif . cg;ywf u d k rjznf v d k u f y gES i f h ? ? xrif ; pm;+yD ; cg;ywf u d k j znf v d k u f j cif ; (wpf e nf ; tenf ;
i,f a v#mh v k d u f j cif ; )onf 0rf ; twG i f ; &S d tl u d k a cguf a ponf ?
(5) a&rcsKd ; ygES i f h ? ? xrif ; pm;+yD ; a&csKd ; jcif ; onf vuf r sm;/ ajcaxmuf r sm;ES i f h cE< m ud k , f r sm;od k @ oG m ;aom
aoG ; yrm%ud k wk d ; yG m ;ap+yD ; tpmtd r f w pf 0 d k u f w G i f r l aoG ; yrm%avsmh u soG m ;onf h t wG u f usaemf w d k @ tpmtd r f & S d
tpmacspepf u d k tm;enf ; oG m ;aponf ?
(6) vrf ; rav#muf y gES i f h ? ? vl t rsm;uajymae=uonf r S m xrif ; pm;+yD ; vrf ; av#muf j cif ; onf
ajcvrf ; aygif ; wpf & mvrf ; av#muf j cif ; ES i f h nD r #+yD ; touf (99) ES p f t xd touf & S n f & S n f a e&rnf j zpf a =umif ; ajymqd k
=uonf u d k =um;zl ; ygonf ? wpf u ,f a wmh xd k o d k @ jyKvk y f j cif ; a=umif h tpmacspepf o nf u|ef k y f w d k @ pm;oH k ; vd k u f a om
tpmtm[m&rsm;ud k pk y f , l & ef tcuf t cJ j zpf o G m ;ygonf ? xd k @ a=umif h xrif ; pm;+yD ; vrf ; rav#muf y gES i f h ?
(7) csuf c sif ; rtd y f y gES i f h ? ? xrif ; pm;+yD ; csuf c sif ; td y f v k d u f j cif ; a=umif h u|ef k y f w d k @ pm;oH k ; vd k u f a om
tpmrsm;onf aumif ; pG m tpmrausek d i f a wmh a y?
[m',ESvHk; wc%_yHK;
vmyg+yD vmyg+yD
vG e f c J h w J h ES p f (40) ausmf a vmuf t csd e f [ m a&'D , d k
acwf p m;aecsd e f j zpf w ,f ? jref r mh t oH & J @ pvmcg pwD ; vH k ;
av;[m tvGefem;0ifcsdKw,f? a':ydkwpfa,muf ae@pOfvdkvdk
nae 4 em&D &H k ; qif ; csd e f q d k td r f a &S @ cef ; 0&H wmxG u f + yD ;
wpf p H k w pf O D ; ud k ar#mf a eovd k & S d w ,f ? 4 em&D xd k ; jyD ; wme@J
vm+yD/ vm+yD vdk@qdkum t&G,ftdkeJ@ rvdkufatmif aysmfae
wwf w ,f ? ol @ rd e f ; r r&d k ; awmh b l ; vd k @ r,k H r =unf j zpf a ewJ h
OD ; zd k w pf a ,muf ol @ rd e f ; rtajc taeud k
apmif h = unf h a epOf 4 em&D x d k ; +yD j zpf v d k @ vm+yD /
vm+yD vd k @ a':yd k & @J tajymeJ @ oG m ;qH k a eawmh
OD ; wpf a ,muf trd z rf ; r,f awG @ ygavh a p
qd k w J h o abmeJ @ awmif a jrmuf a v;yg; ud k = unf h
um&Smw,f? vrf;xdyf udkvnf; vSef; =unfhrd
ao;w,f? b,fol@udkrS rawG@awmh OD;zdku b,fueifh &nf;
pm; vmvdk@ vm+yD/ vm+yDvdk@ atmfaevJ a':ydku r=um;
bl;vm; jrefrmhtoH pvmp wD;vHk;av; vmaewm udkavwJh
Asm wd k @ ?
8 n
(4/ 9/ 2012)ae@ &mZmrif ; txl ; um; &ef u k e f u
jr0wD u d k t vm a'ge awmif w uf v rf f ; rS m ysuf j yD ; yd w f a evd k @
a'ge awmif r S m yJ ntd y f = ujyef w ,f ? c&D ; onf awG c if A sm
pm;p&m/ tdyfp&mr&Sd/ t}uD; tus,f 'kuQ a&muf=u&w,f?
um;a&S @ vrf ; ab;wpf a e&mrS m pd w f y suf y suf e J @ pk j yD ;
um;buf a &S @ jyK xd k i f a e=uwJ h c&D ; onf a wG xJ u 'D n ygqd k
vrf ; rS m 2 ntd y f & +yD 'k u Q y gyJ usef w pf O D ; u 2 nyJ & S d
ao;w,f ?
aemuf x yf
b,f E S p f n td y f & r,f q d k w m
[dkrSma&;xm;w,f awG@vm; um;eHygwfudkn$efjyvdkufw,f?
c&D;onfawGtm;vHk; oH+ydKifzufvdkuf=uyHku 8 n 5905
wJ h ?
*k % f j yKyG J
OD ; orR w wpf a ,muf &rf ; +AJ + rd K @e,f r S m xl ; xl ; uJ u J
&S i f t yg; 1000 jyKw,f ? +rd K @e,f u vl a wG u Ed k i f i H a wmf
orR w uJ h o d k @ &d k a o=uw,f ? OD ; orR w touf & mausmf & S n f
ygap? &rf ; +AJ + rd K @e,f t aeeJ @ 'D o uf o uf 'D v d k o 'N g aumif ;
ol r ay:ao;? +rd K @e,f t aeeJ @ OD ; orR w ud k *k % f j yKxd k u f o if h
w,f ? OD ; orR w ud k +rd K @e,f c rf ; rrS m cef @ cef @ nm;nm;*k % f j yK
=uw,f ? r,uOuU X u *k % f j yKcsD ; jrif h w ,f ? +rd K @rd + rd K @ztzG J @
uvnf ; *k % f j yKcsD ; jrif h w ,f ? crf ; rwpf c k v H k ; jynf h v #H a ewJ h
y&d o wf u vnf ; vuf c k y f = obm oH n H r pJ j zpf a e w,f ?
t&yf o m;wpf a ,muf wuf v m+yD ; usaemf
vnf ; OD ; orR w ud k *k % f j yK csif w ,f q d k um
ol@*k%fjyKajymqdk vdkufwma=umifh y&dowfawG
tHh=ooGm;&yHk tjzpfu OD;orRw [m &efukefrSm
uk r R % D 2 ck u d k wpf + yd K if w nf ; zG i f h c J h w ,f ?
ol@wpfOD;wnf;ydkif ukrR%D}uD;u t}uD;tus,f
csrf ; omoG m ;+yD ; awmh trsm;tpk & S , f , mygwJ h uk r R % D u awmh
t&H_;ay:um a'0g&DcHoGm;&vdk@ trsm;'kuQ a&muf atmifvkyf
wwf w mud k *k % f j yKw,f ? tck t &S i f t yg; 1000 jyKwmu
vnf; o'<gw&m;xufoefvdk@ r[kwf (ok"rR aZwdu) olaX;
bGJ@udk cH,lcs,fvdk@ 'D+rdK@e,fwpfckvHk;udk vSnfh pm;wwfwmudk
*k % f j yK w,f w J h ?
OD ; xG e f ;
&G m wpf & G m rS m OD ; xG e f ; &,f v k d @ aygh ttvl t wpf
a,muf & S d a vw,f ? ol [ m tvS L awG u d k v d k u f + yD ; pm;aeus?
avmf zGifh+yDqdk&if OD;xGef;E_wfcrf;ar$;ysm;qGJ+yD? tvSLvdkuf
pm;&r,f q d k & if 3 rd k i f a usmf y gap/ 4 rd k i f a usmf y gap/ ol o G m ;
w,f ? 'gayr,f h 'D w pf c g avmf zG i f h o H = um;vk d @ acsmif ; ud k
ul;+yD; awmifudkausmfum 5 rdkifausmfc&D;udk vdkufoGm;ayr,fh
OD ; xG e f ; crsm arm&H k u vG J v d k @ bmrS p m;rvm&bl ; ? bm
a=umifhvJqdk&if tvSLr[kwf tokbjzpf aevdk@wJh Asmwdk@?

pmrsufEmS (7)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
zmr
udkzdk;axmifudkjrefrmxJu &Srf; pwdkifudk rSDatmif
0wf q if o l t jzpf e J @ rJ a qmuf w pf + rd K @vH k ; vl o d r sm;w,f ?
wpf a e@rS m ud k z d k ; axmif w pf a ,muf &S r f ; acsmh y d e f aumif ;
aumif;/ wD;csyf aumif;aumif;eJ@ &Srf;awG0wfovdk &Srf;awGqGJ
wJh cGJcGufrsm;rsm;eJ@ }udK;}uD;qGJum &Srf;pdwfaygufb0jrifhum

xG u f v m&m &S r f ; tbd k ; wpf a ,muf u a&S @ uqD ; +yD ; vuf n d S K ;
waiguf a iguf x d k ; um pum;ryD w yD c yf r mrm ajymvd k u f y H k u
tae@ zmr wJ h ?
armif a usmf z d k ; ((JACBA))
vlwpfa,muf&J h em&Gufukd acG;udkufcH&jcif;
&ufae@ n 10 em&D ywf0ef;usifavmufrSm tdrfcef; iSm;ae

ol&J@ em;&Gufudk acG;udkufvdkufygw,f[k qdkygw,f? acG;udkufcH
&yHkudk acG;ydkif &SifeJ@wuG ywf0ef;usifu ar;jref; pHkprf;=unfh
awmh acG;udkufcH &ol ajymjycsufuawmh oltjyif u jyefvm
wJ h t cgrS m ud k u f w wf w J h acG ; [m ol @ tcef ; tayguf 0rS m
acGtdyfaeawmh acG;zif udkvufeJ@ ykwfEkd;+yD; z,fcdkif; wmudk
ol@em&Gufudk udkufwmvdk@ ajymygw,f? 4if;udpPudk vl@tzGJ@t
pnf; wpfckrSm oGm;a&muf wdkif=um;ygw,f? vl@tzGJ@tpnf;rS
yk*~dKvfrsm;u acG;ydkif&SifeJ@ aqG;aEG;ajymqdk&m rSm acsiH&nfrGef
pGmeJ@ csifhcsifhcsdefcsdef awG;ac: I *&k%m &_Laxmufu=unfhI
&ef u if ; a=ueyf r _ &S d o G m ;atmif umuG , f a q;xd k ; ay;zd k @
awmif;qdkonfhtwGuf acG;ydkif&Sifuvnf; =unfhjzLpGmeJ@ vuf
cHvdkufygw,f? wu,fvdk@om vl@tzGJ@ tpnf; uvnf; 0dwfeJ@
ajcmuf r ,f acG ; yd k i f & S i f u vnf ; wm0ef r,l E d k i f a =umif ; jiif ;
qd k = ur,f q d k & if b,f o l rS m ;r,f v d k @ pmzwf y &d o wf x if y g
ovJ? t&yf 6 ay 5 vufr ausmfwJh vlwpfa,muf&J@ em;
&G u f u d k acG ; ud k u f E d k i f w J h ud p P u d k pd w f 0 if p m;vd k @ a&;om;wif
jyvd k u f y gw,f ?
uH o m;OD ; (,mawmajr)
29/ 9/ 2012 paeae@n 10 em&D0ef;usifavmufrSm

vlwpfa,muf&J@ em&Gufudk acG;udkufvdkufygw,f? jzpfa=umif;
uH k p Of u awmh atmuf y gtwd k i f ; yJ j zpf y gw,f ? u|Ek f y f w d k @
aexd k i f & m 5 cef ; wG J wd k u f w ef ; vsm;u acG ; ud k u f cH & ol [ m
tv,f r S m aeygw,f ? xd k o l [ m wpf a ,muf w nf ; orm;jzpf
wmrd k @ rd w f a qG t aygif ; toif ; ol i ,f c sif ; rsm;ud k vG e f p G m rS
cif r if o nf h t avsmuf ol @ td r f c ef ; wG i f ntd y f nae ac:
vmavh&Sdygw,f? nydkifxdk olwdk@vmwJh tcsdef[m 11 em&D
12 em&DtcsdefawGrS vmwuf=uwmrdk@ wpf&yfuGufvHk;&Sd acG
rsm;eJ@twl u|Ekfyf&J@ acG;rsm;vnf; yGufavmnHatmif a[mif
wufygw,f? tJ'Dvdk a[mif&if xdkolwdk@tkyfpku acG;awGudk
cJ v H k ; eJ @ ayguf / wk w f e J @ ajcmuf w mrsd K ;awG jyKvk y f = u wh J t
wGuf acG;awG[m tcef;xJudk ajy;ajy;0ifykef;ae =uyg w,f?
xdkol wdk@ a&mufvmonfhtcsdefup+yD; 12 em&D 1 em&Dtxd
qlnH aewwfwmrdk@ ywf0ef;usifu tdrfydkif&Sifudk wdkifw,f?
td r f y d k i f u zk , d k i f u d k wd k i f a wmh r S 'D v l a wG r ql nH a wmh ygyJ ?
4if ; tcsif ; t&mrsm; jzpf y G m ;+yD ; r=umcif 29/ 9/ 2012
uav;taz b,folvJ
2009 ck
ESpf/ {+yDvu *smr
eD E d k i f i H r S m emrnf
}uD ; oG m ;wJ h r_ c if ;
wpf c k jzpf y gw,f ?
0rf ; enf ; 0rf ; om jzpf & w,f ? jzpf & yf rS e f Zmwf v rf ; av;
wpf y k ' f j zpf y gw,f ? w&m;&k H ; wpf & k H ; u trd e f @ wpf c k c sp&m&S d a e
ygw,f ? tr_ u 'D v d k yg? *smreD r S tvS r,f wpf a ,muf u d k
vufxyfcJhwJh touf 29 ESpft&G,f Soupolos [m om;
orD ; vk d c sif a yr,f h rd r d u d k , f w d k i f u t+rKH j zpf a evd k @ uav;
r&Ed k i f b l ; jzpf a eygw,f ? 'ga=umih f ud k , f w k d i f u vnf ;
uav;vk d c sif / ZeD ; jzpf o l u vnf ; 0rf ; enf ; ae&wJ h t wG u f
rdef;r&J vdktifqENudkjznfhqnf;ay;zkd@ tdrfab;u oli,fcsif;
touf 34 ES p f t &G , f uav;taz Frank Maus ud k
tvkyftyfygw,f? ,if;tvkyfuawmh ol@rdef;r tvSr,fav;
udk wpfywfoHk;}udrf twlaecGihf ay;wJhtjyif a':vm 2500
ay;&ygw,f? om;orD; ESpf a,muf&SdwJh uav;taz Frank

Maus &J rd e f ; ruvnf ; 'D v d k v k y f w mud k r}ud K uf a yr,f h
ig'D t vk y f a wG rvk y f c sif y g bl ; rd e f ; r&m yd k u f q H a =umif h y g
vd k @ ZeD ; ud k acsmh a rmh x m;owJ h ? 'geJ @ pmcsKyf o uf w rf ; 6
vtwG i f ; wywf o k H ; }ud r f e J @ rS e f r S e f }ud K ;pm; vmvd k u f w m
72 }udrfeJ@ 6 vom jynfhoGm;w,f? uHqdk;pGmyJ tvSr,fav;
udk,f0efr&cJhyg? 'geJ@ uav;zat Frank Maus udk ppfaq;
=unf h v d k u f a wmh ol v nf ; t+rH K jzpf a eygw,f ? tvS r ,f
a,musf m ;u pd w f q d k ; +yD ; w&m;pG J c J h y gw,f ? Frank Maus
uvnf ; ol pG r f ; oavmuf }ud K ;pm;r,f v d k @ yJ a jymcJ h w m
uav;&aph&r,fvdk@ tmr rcHcJhbl; qdk+yD; at;at;aq;aq;
w&m;&if q d k i f c J h y gw,f ? 'D a e&mrS m tm;vk H ; utH h t m;oif h c J h
ayr,f h wpf a ,muf u awmh rtH h = obJ &S d c J h y gw,f ? tJ ' g
uawmh Frank Maus &J ZeD;onfyJ jzpfygw,f? om;orD;
ESpf a,mufxGef;um;aewJh Frank Maus u t+rHKqkdawmh
uav;tazu b,f o l y gvJ ?
**Aung Khamkyaw **
pmrsufEmS (8)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
acgif;aqmif
acgif ; qd k o nf r S m vl r S m &S d w J h xd y f y d k i f ; aygh ? ol u ae
OD;pD;w,f vkyfaqmifw,f? acgif;r&Sd&if vl[m aooGm;wmeJ@
twlwlyJ? 'Dawmh ta&;ygwJh acgif;ydkif;vdk@ yrmwl ac:aqmif
jcif ; ud k acgif ; aqmif v d k @ owf r S w f a c:a0:vm=uygw,f ? tzG J @
tpnf; wpfckckrSm acgif;aqmifae&mydkif;[m ta&;t}uD;qHk;
ae&myg? acgif ; aqmif & J @ tawG ; awG v G J a e&if usef w J h v uf
atmufi,fom;awG[m ol@'%fudk cH&ygw,f? 'Dawmh tm;
vH k ; &J @ ta&;[m ol @ tay:rS m rl w nf a ew,f q d k w m vuf a wG @
uawG r S m awG @ omjrif o mek d i f y gw,f ?
trSefawmh Leader= acgif;aqmif qdkwm vG,fvG,f
eJ @ jzpf w mr[k w f b l ; ? ol @ rS m t&m&mud k vuf c H p Of ; pm;ay;
ek d i f w J h t&nf t csif ; &S d w ,f ? ol @ vuf a tmuf t zG J @ &J @ tajct
aeudk olem;vnfw,f? tajctaet&yf&yfay:rSm olbmvkyf
oifhw,fqdkwmvnf; olodw,f? trsm;uvnf; ol@vkyf&yf
awG udkav;pm;w,f? ol@rSmvnf; acgif;aqmift&nftaoG;
awG & S d w ,f ? trsm;uvnf ; ol @ OD ; aqmif r _ u d k 0rf ; ajrmuf
w,f ? bmyJ j zpf j zpf ol @ ud k t m;ud k ; =u
w,f ? acgif ; aqmif ta&G ; rS m ;oG m ;&if
vnf; vufatmufi,fom;awGu ol@&J@
yd k i f ; jcm;vk y f & yf a tmuf r S cH a ya&mh y J ?
wpf c k a wmh ar;=unf h c sif y gw,f ?
ynm&S d o l vl t rsm; vuf c H e k d i f w J h acgif ;
aqmif [ m b,f v d k v l r sKd ; vJ ? b,f v k d
vlrsKd;u acgif;aqmifjzpfaewmvJ? udk,f
a&mrjzpf e k d i f b l ; vm;? pOf ; pm;p&maemf ? wu,f a wmh &d k ; &d k ;
av;awG;=unfh r,fqdk&if acgif;aqmif[m vlygyJ? tJ'Dvdkqdk&if
uk d , f u vnf ; vl r [k w f b l ; vm;? twl w l y J [ m ol u acgif ;
aqmif ud k , f u ol @ vuf a tmuf i ,f o m; uG m jcm;aewm
bma=umifhvJ? 'Dae&mrSm vrf;a=umif;ESpfck ,SOfjy=unfhcsifyg
ao;w,f? a&G;cs,fr_u vlvlcsif;twlwl uGJjym;oGm;apwm
ygyJ? wpfcku a&S@uae awG@or#jy\emawGudk acgif;aqmif
ajz&S i f ; &r,f h v rf ; / aemuf w pf c k u vmor#jy\emud k acgif ;
a&Smif&r,fhvrf;/ 'gav;yJ? tajctaet&yf&yfrSm 'DESpfvrf;
&Sdygw,f? tJ'Dvrf;awGudk a&G,fcs,fjcif;uae+yD; acgif;aqmif
eJ @ vuf a tmuf i ,f o m;tjzpf vl E S p f p m;uG J j ym;oG m ;ygw,f ?
acgif ; aqmif qd k w mu trsm;av;pm;vd k @ / trsm;uvuf c H
vdk@/ acgif;aqmifae&mudk ,lxm;&wm/ trsm;uvnf; ol@&J@
vk y f & nf u d k i f & nf u d k oabmusvd k @ tm;ud k ; vd k @ a&G ; cs,f + yD ;
*k%fjyK=uwm/ wu,fawmh tkyfpkwkdif;rSm acgif;aqmifqdkwm
xdktkyfpk&J@ toufudk udk,fpm;jyKw,f? OD;pD;wJh acgif;aqmifu
ol @ tzG @ tpnf ; eJ @ ywf o uf v d k @ Om%f y nmenf ; cJ h r ,f q d k & if
tE W & m,f a wG u ol @ ud k v$ r f ; rd k ; +yD ; tcsd e f w d k w d k t wG i f ; rS m
xkdtkyfpk ysufpD;r,f/ usqHk;r,f/ vkd&myef;wkdifawGvnf; z&dkz&J
y&rf ; ywm jzpf o G m ;w,f ?
acgif ; aqmif q d k w m[m wpf a ,muf x J t wG u f =unf h

+yD ; vk y f & wJ h v k y f i ef ; r[k w f b l ; ? trsm;twG u f t+rJ = unf h + yD ;
vk y f & wJ h vk y f i ef ; jzpf w ,f ? ud k , f h b d k @ ud k o m =unf h + yD ; vk y f
aqmif a ewJ h acgif ; aqmif u d k acgif ; aqmif v d k @ rac:yJ acgif ;
ajymif v d k @ ac:&rS m jzpf y gw,f ? bmvd k @ vJ q d k & if ol [ m rd r d r S m
&SdaewJh t&nftcsif;awGudk wjznf;jznf; &dwfvSD;xkwfypfae
ovd k acgif ; aqmif r _ t&nf t csif ; [mvnf ; ajymif ; ovif ; cg
qk w f , k w f v mwmvd k @ ,l q csif y gw,f ? acgif ; aqmif r S m awmh
tJ h v d k r [k w f ? tcuf t cJ u d k ra=umuf y J &if q k d i f a jz&S i f ; &if ;
ol r S m &S d w J h t&nf t csif ; awG x uf yd k + yD ; aemuf x yf tawG @
t}uH K awG u xyf + yD ; wd k ; vmaeovd k j zpf v mygw,f ?
acgif;aqmifwpfa,mufrSm t&m&mudkem;vnf jcif;
awG&SdrS t&nftcsif;jynfhpHkrSmyg? em;rvnfygu ola&m ol@
wzG J @ vH k ; yg cH p m;&rS m jzpf y gw,f ? tk y f p k wpf p k / &G m wpf & G m /
+rd K @wpf + rd K @/ ek d i f i H wpf e k d i f i H t wG u f acgif ; aqmif q d k w mu
ta&;}uD;ygw,f? olraumif;&if olwifraumif;wm r[kwf
bl ; ? usef w J h o l r sm;yg raumif ; jzpf o G m ;wmyg? &xm;wpf p if ;
ud k =unf h = unf h y g? a&S @ acgif ; wG J qG J & m aemuf & xm;wJ h aygif ;
ajrmuf r sm;pG m u vk d u f y g&wmyg? a&S @
acgif ; wG J vrf ; rS e f o I aemuf & xm;wG J a wG
tqif a jyaerS m yg? tu,f I om a&S @
acgif ; wG J u vrf ; vG J c J h r ,f q d k & if aemuf &
xm;wG J a wG y g vrf ; acsmf w d r f ; arS m uf ysuf
pD ; =u&rS m jzpf y gw,f ? 'D a wmh acgif ; aqmif
&J @ oabmobm0[m b,f avmuf
ta&;yga=umif ; cef @ rS e f ; rd r S m yg?
acgif ; aqmif w pf a ,muf j zpf z d k @ &ef tcuf t cJ u d k
ra=umufygeJ@/ t&m&mudk ausmfv$m;ekdifr,fvdk@ ,lqxm;yg?
omref ud p P a wG & J @ xd k ; ES u f r _ a tmuf r S m ysm;0yf r aeygapeJ @ /
pdwfudk raxGjym;apeJ@ [efraqmifygeJ@ &dk;&Sif;ygap/ raumuf
uspf y geJ @ / vd y f v d k r sKd ; vnf ; rjzpf a peJ @ pd w f & S n f o nf ; cH r _ v nf ;
&Sd&r,f/ udk,fhudk,fudkvnf; ,Hk=unfr_ &Sd&r,f? a&S@a&;udkvnf;
vG w f v G w f v yf v yf awG ; awm&ygr,f ? tod O m%f w H c g;ud k
zG i f h x m;&ygr,f ? tajctaet&yf & yf & J @ vd k t yf c suf u d k v nf ;
od&ygr,f/ pnf;&Hk;r_udkvnf; od&Sdxm;&r,f? aemufqHk; wpfck
uawmh qHk;jzwfcsuf cswwf&ygr,f? 'guawmh usaemfh pdwf
xJ r S m &S d w J h acgif ; aqmif w pf a ,muf y gyJ ? acgif ; aqmif t&nf
tcsif;&Sdr,fqdk&if vlwkdif; acgif;aqmifjzpfekdifygw,f? b,fvdk
vl r sKd ; ud k r qd k trsm;tusKd ; ud k ynm&S d & S d o,f y d k ; ek d i f r ,f q d k & if
trsm;uvnf ; vuf c H v mrS m yg? oif acgif ; aqmif wpf
a,muf rjzpf e k d i f b l ; vd k @ rnf o l r # rajymek d i f y g? 'gayr,f h
vG , f a wmh rvG , f y g? cuf o nf v nf ; &S d r nf y if ? wu,f a wmh
&J&ifhzdk@ vdkygonf? wdk;wufaom ekdifiH wpfekdifiHjzpfvmzdk@ vl
wk d i f ; ud k , f h u d k , f u d k acgif ; aqmif t &nf t csif ; awG jznf h o G i f ; rS
xkdekdifiHwkd;wufvmygvdrfhrnf? rdrdwdk@ pdwfuom wkd;wufcsif
ae=uayr,fh vkyf&yfawGu wvGJjzpfae&ifvnf; tcsnf;ESD;jzpf

pmrsufEmS (9)
ygrnf ? vk y f & yf v G J a csmf y if j im;vnf ; tJ h ' D v d k trS m ;rsm;ud k

oif c ef ; pmtjzpf toH k ; rcswwf a o;v#if v nf ; wk d ; wuf z d k @
rjrif y g? rd r d u d k , f y d k i f r S vG w f v G w f v yf v yf awG ; awmpOf ; pm;
Om%f x k w f r oH k ; acsuvnf ; oH a cs;wuf "g;wpf a csmif ; vd k
roHk;yJxm;&if; aqG;ajrhoGm;rSm trSefyif? "g;jywfatmif t+rJ
aoG;ayr,fhvnf; ydkif;jzwfckwfjcif; r&Sdv#ifvnf; "g;om yg;
I uk e f u k e f o G m ;ygrnf ? &v'f t usKd ; tjzpf xG u f v mrnf
r[k w f y g?
'Dawmh ckwfyg/ jzwfyg/ ydkif;yg/ 'g;udkvnf; aoG;ygvdk@
ajymcsif y gonf ? 'grS wk d ; wuf j cif ; qd k w J h trsm;tm;jyK&m
trsm;ar#mf r S e f ; &m wk d ; wuf a &; &nf r S e f ; csuf a wmif a y:ud k
wuf e k d i f y gvrf h r nf ? ek d i f i H w d k ; wuf z d k @ vl i ,f r sm;rS m wm0ef & S d
onfvdk@ rqdkekdif&m? xdkodk@r[kwfyJ vl}uD;rsm;rSmom wm0ef&Sd
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
onf [ k v nf ; rvH k a vmuf ? wu,f a wmh ek d i f i H w k d ; wuf z d k @

xdkekdifiHtwGif;aexdkifolrsm;tm;vHk;rSm ol@ae&mESifhol wm0ef
&S d y gonf v d k @ qd k c sif y gonf ?
Vrf ; =urf ; wJ h vrf ; rS m tmvl ; t}uD ; tao; a&maES m wif v m
wJ h v S n f ; wpf p D ; jzwf o ef ; vmwJ h t cg vrf ; =urf ; vd k @ vrf ; csd i f h
r_a=umifh ao;wmawGu atmufudka&muf+yD; }uD;wmawGu
tay:buf u d k w uf v movd k y J tcuf t cJ a wG u acgif ; aqmif
eJ @ wynf h u d k xd k e nf ; twk d i f ; tcuf t cJ r sm;jyum cG J j cm;jy
oG m ;apygvd r f h r ,f ?
rd w f a qG v nf ; acgif ; aqmif t &nf t csif ; awG u d k em;
vnf + yD ; rd r d u d k , f w k d i f y g t&nf t csif ; &S d w J h acgif ; aqmif wpf
a,muf j zpf v mygapvd k @ qEN j yK&if ; wd k ; wuf v mr,f h tem
*wf u d k vuf u rf ; xm;vd k u f y g rd w f a qG ?
bmae
usm; eJ h ,kef
acwf r S D w J h u sm;wpf a umif [ m trJ a umif u d k acsmif ;
+yD ; tvpf z rf ; pm;&wm =umawmh ysif ; vmw,f ? tacsmif
ouf o uf o momeJ pm;csif v mw,f ? 'geJ usm;[m t}uH
xk w f w ,f ? usm;qd k a wmh od y f = um=um rpOf ; pm;&ygbl ; /
t}uH& wmaygh? 'geJ usm;[m olt}uHudk taumif txnf
azmfawmhw,f? yxrqHk; orifwpfaumifudk zrf; vdkufw,f?
+yD ; awmh rpm;bJ 'D v d k a jym+yD ; jyef v $ w f vd k u f
w,f ?
igrif ; ud k p wmyguG m / 'D a eup+yD ;
tom;rpm; awmh b l ; /ouf o wf v G w f t oD ;
tES H p m;+yD ; Oyk o f & uf & S n f a pmih f t"d X mef 0 if
rvdkuG wJh
usm;yg;pyf x J u xG u f v mwJ h o rif [ m
0rf ; omtm; &ajy;vm+yD ; wpf a wmvH k ; ud k
'D t a=umif ; avS s muf a jym jyw,f ? 'gayr,h f
b,f o l r S r ,H k y gbl ; ? orif u usd e f w G , f a jym
awmh ynm&S d , k e f upOf ; pm;w,f ?
c%ae=utkef; igudk,fwdkifprf;r,f qdk+yD; usm;qD
ud k x G u f o G m ;w,f ? usm;qD a &muf a wmh
orif a jymwm [k w f v m;/ usKyf r ,H k b l ; / jruf p m;jy
rS,Hkr,fvdkajymw,f? usm;yJ 'grsdK;prf;vdk b,f&rvJ? jruf
awG u d k csuf c sif ; aumuf p m;jywmaygh ? 'D a wmh ynm&S d , k e f
twnf j yKvd k u f + yD ; wpf a wmvH k ; ,H k o G m ;=u+yD a yh g ? ae@wd k i f ;
usm;&J *l r S m toD ; tES H v myd k ol a wG e J =uuf y sH r us pnf u m;
aewmaygh ? 'gayr,h f xl ; qef ; wmwpf c k u wd & d p > m ef a wG x J u
tm;t&S d q k H ; / tom;trsm;qH k ; owW 0 gawG [ m usm;*l o G m ;
&if ; xl ; qef ; pG m aysmuf q H k ; oG m ;=uw,f ?
'Dvdkjzpfayr,hf usm;udkawmh r,HkouFmrjzpf=uygbl;?

wjcm;ta=umif;a=umihfvdkyJxifae=uw,f? usm;&JyHkpHuvJ
rxif & uf p &m/ rsuf E S m av;u t+rJ c sd K +yD ; pum;oH a v;u
cyfat;at;/ t+rJwrf; tdajENtjynhf? 'gayr,hf aysmufolrsm;
vmawmh raeom=uawmh b l ; ? ynm&S d , k e f u d k y J tusd K ;t
a=umif ; ajymqd k + yD ; pk H p rf ; cd k i f ; =uw,f ? tul t nD a wmif ; =u
w,f ? ,k e f v nf ; pH k p rf ; zd k usm;qD x G u f vmcJ h
w,f ? usm;[m ,k e f v mwmud k j rif w meJ ysm
ysmovJ}udKqdkw,f? vdkavao; r&Sd{nhf cHw,f?
,kefvnf; vm&if;udpParhoGm;w,f? teHH@wpfck
&awmh r S owd j yef & w,f ? aocsm w,f ?
usm;&J yg;pyf u eH w m? ynm&S d , k e f y J od + yD a ygh ?
usm;uvJ o d y f v sif a wmh ,k e f tajc taeud k
oabmayguf o G m ;w,f ? usm;yJ b,f & rvJ ?
igh t a=umif ; ud k
rif ; od + yD r [k w f v m;/
ol r sm;awG u d k rif ; avS s muf r ajymeJ @ ajym&if
rif ; ud k i g owf p m;r,f / rajym&if vl trsm;
a&SrSm rif;udk q&mac:r,fvdk nSdw,f? bmaumifjzpfjzpf
ud k , h f touf a wmh ud k , f j rwf e d k ; wmyJ r[k w f v m;/ ajyvnf
oG m ;wmaygh ? 'D v d k e J ES p f a wG o m=umoG m ;w,f 'D u d p P p H k p rf ;
r&awmh b l ; / usm;*l r S m pnf u m;qJ / usm;uvJ ouf o wf
vG w f p m; Oyk o f a pmih f + rJ / wd & d p > m ef a wG u vnf ; aysmuf + rJ
aygh a v 'gayr,h f ,k e f u awmh usm;&J q&m jzpf o G m ;
+yD a v?
aomf Z if t k e f ;
[efopf r*~Zif;
Zlvikd v
f
1992
pmrsufEmS (10)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
9 vom apmififyh g
npm twl p m;&onf ? aq;a=um oef @ &S i f ; a&; vk y f & onf ?

a,musf m ;u pum;ajymqk d ar;jref v S s if jyef v nf w H k @ jyef a jz
trsd K ;om; wpf O D ; onf tvk y f w G i f tqif r ajy =um;&+yD ; a,muf s m;jzpf o l tvk d t wk d i f ; td y f & m0if & um
jzpfwkdif; rdrdrSmawmh rdom;pktwGuf aepOfae@wkdif; tvkyf a,musf m ;pd w f w k d i f ; us jyKor# Ek & jyef onf ?
wGif tenf;qHk; 8 em&D tvkyfvkyf&csdefY ZeD;jzpfolrSm tdrf
aemuf w ae@ eH e uf a pmapmxcsd e f rd e f ; r b0ok d @
wG i f at;at;aq;aq; aeEk d i f a ea=umif ; uk d awG ; rd u m ZeD ;
a&mufaeqJ jzpfaom a,musfm;onf bk&m;ocifxH tajy;
onfukd remvkdjzpfaewufonf? rdef;rtm; remvkdrlwkd@ tm;
tvG m ; qk a wmif ; jyef o nf ?
}uD ; vmomtcg wpf n ntd y f & m0if
csd e f w G i f bk & m;ocif u k d wk d i f w nf q k
tz bk & m;ocif usaemf r sd K ;(tJ
awmif ; onf [ l . ?
u|ef r ) rS m ;oG m ; cJ h y g+yD ? rd e f ; rawG
rnfrSsyifyef;/ pdwf&Snf/ onf;cH&onfukd
tz bk & m;ocif usaemf o nf
vnf ; uk d , f c sif ; pmrd y g+yD ? usaemf
ae@pOf t enf ; qH k ; 8 em&D tvk y f v k y f
rd e f ; (tJ a,musf m ;/ r[k w f y gbl ; bk & m;
&csd e f w G i f ZeD ; jzpf o l r S m td r f Y aumif ;
rd e f ; r)uk d ,ck r S p+yD ; cspf j rwf E k d f ; I
pG m em; aeEk d i f y gonf ? b0rS m rrS s wyg?
aumif ; pG m apmif h a &S m uf ygawmh r nf ?
ok d @ jzpf y gI rd e f ; rwk d @ . at;aq;ouf
usaemf r sd K ;rtm; a,muf s m;b0uk d tck
om&S d a omb0uk d jrif p G r f ; ek d i f c G i h f i S m
csuf c sif ;
jyef v nf a y;oem;yg?
reuf j zef reuf r S p I usaemf E S i h f
rd e f ; rES i h f b 0csif ; jyef I ajymif ;
usaemh f r d e f ; rwk d @ b0 wc%jzpf c G i h f & yg
vJay;awmfrlygbk&m;
apom; t&Sifbk&m; [k bk&m;ocifxH wkdifwnf qkawmif;
[k v l d u f v l d u f v S J v S J qk a wmif ; avawmh onf ?
vk d u f o nf ? tH h t m;oih f p &m aumif ; pG m yif bk & m;ocif u
rif;awmif;wJhqk jynhfap [k cGihfjyKavonf? aemufwpfae@
bk & m;ocif o nf wynh f o m;(orD ; ) tm;atmuf y g
rk d ; vif ; csd e f w G i f trsd K ;om;rS m trd s K; orD ; b0od k @ xl ; qef ; pG m twk d i f ; ajymI jyef a vawmh o nf ?
ajymif ; vJ o G m ;avonf ? xk d @ a=umih f a,musf m ;xuf OD ; pG m
rif ; (eif ) tjrif r S e f & I ig0rf ; ajrmuf v S a yonf ?
ek d ; xum eH e uf p m jyif q if & avonf ? eH e uf p mjyif q if +yD ;
aemuf a,muf s m;vk y f o l E S i h f om;orD ; rsm;uk d el d ; um eH e uf ok d @ aomf j im; rif ; (eif ) onf
pmau|;arG ; &onf ? eH e uf p mau|;+yD ; aemuf a,musf m ;ES i f h
,ref a e@nu a,musf m ;vk y f o l t m; aumif ; pG m jyKpk
uav;rsm; &H k ; ES i h f ausmif ; oG m ;Ek d i f & if t0wf t pm;/ xrif ;
bl ; wk d @ uk d jyif q if a y;&onf ? uav;rsm;uk d ausmif ; ok d @ yk d @ cJhI oaE<atmiffcJh+yDjzpfI aemufxyf 9 vrSs tomapmihfI
&onf ? xk d @ aemuf aps;0if 0 ,f + yD ; td r f j yef v m &onf ? csuf arG ; zG m ;+yD ; cgrS b0ajymif ; &ef igh x H q k j yef a wmif ; av [l
jyKwf & onf ? t0wf a vS s mf & onf ? rD ; yl w k d u f & onf ? tajy; ownf ; ?
tvG m ; owif ; pmzwf & onf ? &k y f j rif o H = um; =unh f & onf ?
[D;[D;;; aygufu&awGaemf bmyJjzpfjzpf 'Dydkpfhav;
xk d @ aemuf uav;rsm;uk d ausmif ; rS }ud K &onf ? uav;rsm; zwf + yD ; wcsuf a vmuf + yH K ;Ed k i f = uygap&S i f
tm;a&rk d ; csd K ;ay;&onf ? td r f p m 0k d i f ; ul v k y f a y;&onf ?
a,musfm; &Hk;rSjyefvm csdefwGif a&rkd;csdK;Ekdif&ef jyifqifay;+yD;
pma&;ol -,G e f ;
Miss International 2012

'D a e@
_ydKifyGJ 0ifwJh tvSr,fav; eef;cifaZ,smta-umif;
ay:rS m Miss
International 2012 +yd K if y G J 0 if w J h
tvS r ,f a v; eef ; cif a Z,sm t
a=umif ; ud k tawmf u av; azmazm
oD o D a wG @ &ygw,f ?
trsm;qH k ;
uawmh a&ul ; 0wf p H k e J @ yH k a v;ygyJ
tm;ay;=uwJ h vl a wG rsm;ovd k
Facebook
vl w wf } uD ; awG v k y f + yD ; &S u f w wf y gOD ; bmnm pojzih f

ajym=uol a wG v nf ; awG @ &ygw,f ? tck a jym csif w mu
tJ'Dvlwwf}uD;rsm; tkyfpkudkjzpf ygw,f? t"du uawmh
acwf r D w meJ @ o&k y f y suf w m oG u f w meJ @ uvuf w mud k
jref r mawG c G J o d z d k @
vd k v myg+yD ?
&S u f w ,f q d k w m
bmud k a c:ygovJ ,Of a us;r_ q d k w m bmud k a c:ygovJ
vH k v H k + cH K +cH K aerS ,Of a us;w,f q d k v nf ; aqmf ' D r S m omoG m ;

pmrsufEmS (11)
aevd k u f = uygawmh ? tJ ' D r S m qd k rd e f ; rawG v H k v d k u f w mrS

rsuf E S m awmif b ,f e m;&S m &rS e f ; rod b l ; jzpf o G m ;ygr,f ?
a&ul ; 0wf p H k u d k {nf h c ef ; xJ xrif ; pm;yG J npmpm;yG J
yG J v rf ; obif r S m 0wf w mrS r [k w f y J a v aemuf q k H ;
a&ul ; uef e J @ yif v ,f u ef ; ajcrS m 0wf
w,f q d k & if a wmif vuf c H a y;&vd r f h r ,f
'g[m acwf a &pD ; a=umif ; wpf c k y J 'l ; ae
&m'l; awmfae&mawmf jzpfae+yD;wmygyJ?
a&ul ; uef r S m a&ul ; 0wf p H k 0 wf j cif ;
tck v d k
tvS r ,f
+yd K if y G J r sm;rS m
tpD t pOf t & a&ul ; 0wf p H k 0 wf + yD ; ,S O f + yd K if w m [m
acwf r D w ,f ? ac:ygw,f ? tJ [d k r if ; orD ; av;vd k
abmvHk;yGJudk EdkifiHjcm;u Pros rsm; 0wfwJh yHkpHeJ@ 0wf+yD;
vmcsD ; jrS i h f w mrsd K ;uawmh
o&k y f y suf w maygh a v?
'gav;udkawmh cGJjcm;wwfrSjzpfvdrfhr,f? aemuf+yD; tckvdk
tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m tvS r ,f + yd K if y G J a wG r S m a&ul ; 0wf p H k
0wfqif+yD;+ydKifwm[m t&Sufenf;pGm umrjrLpG,faewmrS
r[kwfyJav cENmudk,f&J@ jrpfrsdK;rSJrxifwJh tvS tom;
t&nf & J @ aumif ; jcif ; / tqD y d k r &S d a om uspf v spf a jyjypf
armifwmaw/ ynm,Sd/ &yfod/ &Gmod

wuf0if&SmrSm wmwD;/ wmaw qdkv#if &GmeD;csKyf
pyf u tuk e f o d = uyg.? emrnf r S n f h x m;wmud k , f u ausmf
=um;csif p &myg? tazemrnf u wmwD ; / om;av;us
wmaw/ 'D e mrnf b mvd k @ ay;&wmwk e f ; vd k @ ol w d k @ b}uD ; zk d ;
csufudk ar;=unfhawmh om;tz ESpfa,mufpvHk;u paeom;
awG/ ol@om;arG;+yD; rD;wGif;rSmbJ ol@rdef;r
q,frd qHk;oGm;vdk@ wpfOD;pae rD;vdkar$
&uf w ,f q k d + yD ; a,muQ r a':Asm;}uD ;
ajymajym+yD ; id k w m/ wpf O D ; pae rD ; vd k a r$ /
eif h o m; wmaw i&J j ynf (ajy) ac:oG m ;
[Jh q,frd&J@ [D; [D; [D;? tJovdk
q,f r d tok brS m tJ v d k i d k w mup+yD ;
wmaw emrnf wG i f oG m ;wmyg?
wmawav; t&G , f a &muf a wmh
ol @ taz ud k w mwD ; u ausmif ; xm;yg
w,f? ausmif;oGm;tyfwJh ae@uqdk om; tz ESpfa,muf&J@
owif;u w&GmvHk;rSm ysH@aewmaygh? av;*G vG,ftdwf pvG,f
od k i f ; vG , f x m;wJ h wmawu ausmif ; rae csif a wmh a jy;/
ol@taz wmwD;uvkdufzrf; rdjyefawmh wmaw u&kef; vrf;
ay: '&G w f w k d u f y gaewJ h wmaw&J @ wpf u d k , f v H k ; vJ zH k a wG /
oJ a wG e J @ ayusH v d k @ / 'D v d k e J @ yJ ausmif ; ay:a&muf v m awmh
q&m}uD ; OD ; awmif v H k ; u ausmif ; vyf v uf c H vk d u f ygw,f ?
'D v k d e J @ wjznf ; jznf ; awmh armif w maw ausmif ; aysmf v myg
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
jcif;/ pwmawGudk ppfaq;wmygyJ? tjynfjynfqdkif&m r,f

wpf a ,muf [ m 'D v d k tvS e J @ 'D v d k tom;t&nf e J @ 'D v d k
usef;rmr_eJ@ jynfpHkw,f qdkwmudk jzpf atmifvdk@ 'Da&ul;
0wf p H k 0 wf w J h ,S O f + yd K if r_ u d k xnf h o G i f ; xm;jcif ; omjzpf y g
w,f ? 'D b uf a cwf j ref r m trsd K ;orD ;
rsm;xJ rSm ckvdk tjynfjynfqdkif&m yGJudk
0if a&S m uf ,S O f + yd K if & J w J h trsd K ;orD ; [m
eef;cif aZ,sm wpfa,mufom yxrqHk;
jzpf r ,f x if y gw,f ? ( Asean yG J u d k
rqd k v d k y g urB m h y G J r sm;om qd k v d k y gonf )
'gudk *k%f,lwwf&ygr,f? usaemfh taeeJ@uawmh jrefrm
vlrsdK;wdk@&J@ tvS[m 'DvdkjypfrsdK;rSnf@rxifygqdkwmudk csjy
&J@wJh olr&J@ owWd ,Hk=unfr_wkd@ udkav;pm;ygw,f? tm;
vnf ; ay;rS m ygyJ ? urB m tqih f + yd K if y G J a wG 0 if c sif & if tJ ' D + yd K if
yGJrsm;&J@ Oya'twdkif;vkyf&rSmygyJ 'gxl;qef;vSwm r[kwf
ygbl ; ? od y f t jrif u sOf ; vG e f ; wm[m wk d i f ; jynf u d k a emuf jyef
qGJaewJhxJ udk,fyg ygaew,fqdkwm owdjyKrdapcsif ygw,f?
'gygyJ ?
vif ; vG e f ; nd K
+yD? xGufrajy;awmhbl;? ausmif;udkawmh rSefrSef oGm; w,f?
ausmif ; rS m awmh aypd / qd w f o d k ; / wmaw qd k & if em
rnf } uD ; ygw,f ? yk p Of ; awG v k d u f z rf ; vm; zrf ; &J @ / opf y if a wG
wuf ykwfoifndKzrf;upm;/ olwdk@oHk;a,mufudk arsmufrl;vJ
tzGJ@vdk@ wpfausmif;vHk;u emrnfay;xm;w,f? ausmif;qif;
vd k @ td r f j yef a &muf & if a wmh ol @ taz ud k w mwD ; ud k ol p mawG
vd k u f e k d i f a =umif ; (pmuav;awG vk d u f z rf ; wmud k ajymwm
r[kwfygbl;?) t*Fvdyfpmvnf; wufa=umif; =uGm;ajymawmh
ud k w mwD ; u +yH K ;+yH K ;}uD ; acgif ; wnd r f h
ndrfheJ@ ,Hkvdk@aygh?
'D a e@awmh a*G ; uk e f ; &G m rS m aewJ h
rq,f r d b uf u trsKd ; awG v mvnf = u
w,f ? rd w qd k ; om; wmawav; tem;
0dkif;vdk@aygh? {nfhonfawGudk udkwmwD;u
=uG m ;yg+yD ? uJ igh o m; ausmif ; rS m
bmawG o if & wk e f ; OD ; av;/ t&D ; av;awG
ud k =uG m ;vk d u f y gOD ; uG / t*F v d y f v d k acG ; ud k
b,f v d k a c:wk e f ; qd k a wmh
[m tazuvJ acG;udk tdk@ tdk@ tdk@ vdk@ac:wm
aygh A s qd k a wmh ud k w mwD ; &S u f & rf ; &rf ; +yD ; / &d k u f y gava&m?
atmf } uD ; [pf u s,f e J @ wmawav; id k & S m w,f ? trsKd ; awG u
acsmh a rmh a jymqd k rk e f @ au|;+yD ; awmh wd w f y guG m rid k y geJ @ /
rS m ;wJ h t cgvJ rS m ;rS m aygh ? uJ a cG ; ud k rod & if xm;ygawmh ?
a=umif u d k t*F v d y f v d k b,f v d k ac:vJ ar;awmh ?
[m OD;}uD;uvJ a=umifudk +rD; +rD; +rD; +rD;
vd k @ ac:wmaygh wJ h tm; vH k ; u &,f = uw,f ?
pmrsufEmS (12)
'gqd k usD ; uef ; usawmh a &m b,f v d k a c:wk e f ;

uG m vd k @ trsKd ; wpf a ,muf u av;awmh [m usD ; uef ;
uawmh ac:p&m rvdkbl;*s (As)? rac:bJeJ@ vmvGef;vdk@awmif
av;*G e J @ wD ; v$ w f a e&w,f wJ h ? uJ yd d u wf t d k ;
*G r f ; *G r f ; uG J a v; tJ o avmuf a wmif armif wmawwd k @
ynm,S d y g&J @ ?
wuf 0 if &G m rS m av;wef ; (bk & m;pl ; ygaph ) wmaw
atmif y gowJ h ? +rd K @ausmif ; rS m ief ; wef ; wuf & w,f ? a&eH
acsmif;eJ@ wuf0if&Gmu (3) rkdifomombJ a0;awmh? ol@taz
udkwmwD;u pufbD;0,fay;&w,f? wmawwdk@ vGwfvyfcsuf
u b,f a vmuf a umif ; wk e f ; / a[mh reuf pbD ; eJ @ xrif ;
*sKd i f h e J @ &G m u +rd K @ausmif ; vm/ naeus td r f j yef / ausmif ;
a&muf wmawmh enf;w,f? qdwfodk;wdk@eJ@
}uH K wJ h xef ; wJ r S m xrif ; ajzpm; av;*G e J @
iS u f v k d u f y pf / nae ausmif ; jyef a wG e J @
a&m+yD ; td r f j yef / [ef u svk d u f w m?
ol @ om; pm;}ud K ;pm;w,f x if w J h wmwD ;
}uD ; &G m xJ r S m =uG m ;&wmarmvd k @ ?
wpf a e@awmh yx0D q&mru
ar;w,f ? [J h wmaw urB m ay:rS m
wk d u f } uD ; b,f E S p f w k d u f & S d v J qd k a wmh
[m q&mruvJ wkdufawGu usaem fwdk@ a&eHacsmif;+rdK@
rS m awmif trsm;}uD ; &S d w m wpf u rB m vH k ; qd k & if av,mOf
ysHpD;+yD; vkdufa&rS &r,fqdkawmh q&mr a'gyG+yD; 'gpwmeJ@
ayguf c H & vd k @ vJ wmaw acgif ; aoG ; xG u f + yD ; +yD ?
jref r mpm cuf q pf w pf c k u d k wmaw teuf t "d y ` g ,f
a&;wmrsm; oif wJ h q&mOD ; rG w f w m; awmif v uf z sm;
cg&w,f ? (a&aEG ; yl xnf h w J h ZvH k x J v uf E _ d u f r d v d k @ yg)
Oyg,f w H r sOf & J @ t"d y ` g ,f a jymygqd k a wmh wmaw
ajymvd k u f y H k u Oyg,f w H r sOf q d k w m OygwJ h ig;oavmuf u d k
Oud k E_ w f v k d u f v d k @ tr#if a v;wpf a csmif ; wnf ; usef w mud k
ac:wmyg tmp&d wJ h b,f a vmuf & S i f ; ygovJ c sif A sm?
tysKdpifnudk a&mif;_yD; vSLrnfh olav;

urBmajrom,map
zd k @ vmygav tpf u d k
wdk@&,fvdk@ vSpf[um
ol a =uG ; a=umf a y;yg
aemf tjrif h q H k ; pyG e f
qmrvd k t=uif e myd k
wJh olav; Good deed? Catarina Migliorini had rejected
claims she is a prostitute, saying she saw the
opportunity to make a positive difference to the world
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
wmawwdk@u onfavmuf bmompHku|rf;usif+yD;awmh awmf

wmyg?
a[m ES p f a wG = umvmawmh wmawav; vl y sKd
aygufjzpf+yD;/ udkwmwD;}uD;uvJ pD;yGm;udk }udK;pm;&Smygw,f?
om;av;aemif a &;aygh ? EG m ;w&S O f ; eJ @ vS n f ; eJ @ om;ud k &G m rS m
tuste wm;wmyg?
wpf c grS m awmh aEG & moD tm;vyf & uf vSnf; rSm EGm;
wyf+yD; trsKd;awG&Gmudk wmaw oGm;vnfw,f? EGm; vSnf;
av;eJ @ aygh ? naeus t&D ; awG / OD ; }uD ; awG E_ w f q uf + yD ;
wuf 0 if & G m ud k jyef a wmh r ,f qd k awmh trsKd ; awG u pm;zd k @
aumuf nS i f ; qef (6)jynf ,l o G m ;OD ; qd k + yD ; ay;vk d u f wm/
vSnf;ay: wif&if vSnf;av;rSmpdk;vdk@ vSnf;armif;&if; ycHk;ay:
xrf; oGm;owJh? (t&m&mrSm ynm,SdwJh
wmaw yg?)
om;av;ud k taz ud k w mwD ; u
ouF e f ; pnf ; ay;yg w,f ? &G m OD ; ausmif ;
q&mawmfxHrSmyg? q&mawmfu nwkdif;
wmawud k bmoma&;w&m;awG a [m
ygw,f ?
wmaw pd w f 0 if p m;pG m yJ q&mawmf
&J@ w&m;udkem; axmifygw,f? ezl;eJ@ zsmeJ@ wcg wcg xdae
wm t=um}uD ; yg? (id k u f a evd k @ )
q&mawmfu rdef@w,f? ukodkvf tvkyfawG vkyfyg?
wmaw/ vl0wfvJ&ifvJ iSufawG bmawG rypfeJ@? ol@touf
rouf&bl;? a&S@b0rSm aumif;atmif ukodkvfawG rsm;rsm;
vk y f / 'D b 0u ao&if a&S @ b0rS m bmjzpf c sif w k e f ; / ewf o m;
av;jzpf c sif o vm;/ rif ; om;av; jzpf c sif o vm;qd k a wmh
'Db0u ao&ifvJ 'D&GmrSmyJ wmwD;&J@ om; wmaw jzpfcsif
ygw,f bk & m;wJ h
&,f a rm&if ; eJ @ b0tarmajy=uygap
vjynf h x G e f ; (e,l ; a';)

b&mZ
b&mZDD ; ek d i f i H r S ausmif ; ol w pf O D ; [m jynf e ,f w pf c k r S
qif ; &J c sKd @ wJ h ae=uonf h rd o m;pk r sm; aexk d i f e k d i f & ef td r f r sm;
aqmuf v k y f a y;rnf h y&[d w &ef y H k a iG w pf & yf xl a xmif e k d i f & ef
twG u f ol r &J @ tysKd p if n ud k avvH w if a &mif ; csv#uf &S d a e
ygw,f? touf 20 t&G,f&Sd umwm&Dem rpf*vD,Dk&DeD[m
,ck aps;+yd K if a c:aps; a':vm 15500 txd a &muf a e+yD j zpf
onf h xd k a vvH y G J r S & onf h aiG t m;vH k ; tm; b&mZ
b&mZDD ; ek d i f i H
awmifydkif;rS olraexdkif&m qefwmumwm&Dem jynfe,fwGif
tpd k ; &r[k w f o nf h tzG J @ tpnf ; rS wm0ef , l v S L 'gef ; aqmuf
vkyfrnfh qif;&Jol qif;&Jom;rsm;twGuf (wefzdk;enf;) acwf
rD S t d r f & mpD r H u d e f ; twG u f vS L 'gef ; ay;tyf r S m jzpf y gw,f ? ol r
[m a=u;pm;jynf h w ef q mwpf a ,muf j zpf o nf [ l a om pG y f p G J
csuf r sm;tm; jiif ; wef ; ,if ; ol r aejzif h tcspf p pf tcspf r S e f

pmrsufEmS (13)
tm; ,H k = unf v #uf & S d a eqJ j zpf a =umif ; od k @ aomf v nf ; ,ck

tcG i f h t vrf ; vk y f a qmif c suf j zif h urB m }uD ; tm; yd k r d k o m,m
aumif;rGefatmif jyKvkyfay;&mwGif yg0ifaqmif&GufcGifh tjzpf
rS w f , l y ga=umif ; ajym=um;cJ h y gw,f ? od k @ aomf v nf ; }uH h c d k i f
a&; ynm&yf q k d i f & m ausmif ; ol av;[m ol r &J @ tm0g[
vk y f + yD ; vS L r,f h tm0go tvS L yG J t wG u f =opaw;vs&k y f o H
&dkuful; a&;tzGJ@&J@ tysKdpifvdkcsifygw,ftrnf&Sd rSwfwrf;
wif & k y f oH t pD t pOf t m; vuf c H & d k u f u l ; ay;rS m rd k @ tjiif ; yG m ;
zG , f & mawG jzpf a pcJ h y gw,f ? usru
awmh 'gudk rSwfwrf; &kyf&Sifudk pD;yGm;a&;
qefqef udpPwpfckvdk@ jrifygw,f? 'DrSwf
wrf;&kyf&Sif&dkufwJhtwGuf usrtaeESifh
c&D;oGm;zdk@ tcGifhtvrf;awG&r,f? rSwf
wrf; &kyf&SifrSmyg0ifcGifh&wJhtjyif tydkqk
a=u;vnf ; &rS m jzpf y gw,f ? b0rS m
wpf } ud r f w pf c gyJ (tca=u;aiG , l + yD ;
trsKd ; om;ES i f h twl t d y f p uf a ysmf y g;jcif ; ) jyKvk y f w mrd k @ jynf h
wef q mwpf a ,muf t jzpf rowf r S w f e k d i f y gbl ; ? "mwf y H k
aumif; av;wpfyHk&dkufcJhvkduf&HkeJ@ "mwfyHkq&m tjzpf rcH,l
ek d i f o vd k y gyJ vd k @ ol r u&S i f ; jycJ h ygw,f ? avvH y G J qd k w m
vnf; pD;yGm;a&;oabm qefqefvkyf wmygyJ?usr[m tcspf
udkudk;uG,f ,Hk=unfwJh pdwful;,Of qefwJh rdef;uav; wpfOD;
yg? 'gayr,fh 'DtwGufa=umifhvnf; usrtaeESifh tajymif;
vJ}uD; ajymif;vJ&ygvdrfhr,f?vdk@ olr u zdkvf[m owif;pm
ud k a jym =um;cJ h y gw,f ? tD w vD t quf tEG , f j zpf onf h
umwm&Dem [m xdk&kyfoHtpDtpOftm; vGefcJhonfh 2 ESpfcef@
u aomrwfpf 0DvD,H &dkuful;xkwfvkyfa&; ukr`%DrS tysKdpif
wpf O D ; tm; &d k u f u l ; &ef & S m azG a epOf od & S d c J h + yD ; yg0if & ef
oabmwl vuf r S w f a&;xd k ; cJ h w mjzpf y gw,f ? 'g&d k u f w m
*syf p f w if p pf p f a vtaejzif h ol r tm; yxrOD ; qH k ; t }ud r f
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
cspf w if ; raES m cif E S i f h cspf w if ; aES m +yD ; aemuf ol r &J @

pd w f c H p m;r_ r sm;tm; rS w f w rf ; wif & d k u f u l ; rS m jzpf y gw,f ?
vlysKdtpftjzpf&dkuful;rSwfwrf;wif&ef tcspfa&;wGif tawG@
t}uHKr&Sdao;onfh vlysKdav; tvuf ZENm;udkvnf; a&G;cs,f
xm;ygw,f ? tus,f c sJ @ r,f h ud p P r d k @ tus,f t us,f / tjiif ;
yG m ;zG , f awG j zpf r S m trS e f Controversial: The physical
education student will be followed every step of the
way by an Australian film crew tvSL'ge jyK=uoligvdk@
rajym&Javmuf wJh olr&J@ &nf&G,fcsufuawmh
Charitable:
Catarina Migliorini says the money
will be spent on building houses for
the poor. Pictured is a shantytown
in Rio de Janeiro atmuwd k b mv
15 &ufae@wGif tqHk; owfrnfh xdkav

vHyGJrS aiG. 90 &mcdkifE_ef;jzpfonfh a':
vm 20000 tm; ol r taeES i f h &&S d
rnfjzpfygw,f? avvHyGJwGif aps;tjrifh
qHk; ay;oltm; tysKdpifrav;ESifh cspfwif;raESmrDS umvom;
a&m*g &Sdr&Sd aq;ppfrSmjzpf+yD; jynfhwefqmOya'tm; a&Smif
&S m ;ausmf v $ m ;ek d i f & ef =opaw;vsrS tar&d u od k @ oG m ;onf h
av,mOf w pf p if ; ay:wG i f a0[if w G i f qif E $ J o nf h tcspf y G J u d k
jyKvkyf=u&rSm jzpfygw,f? vdifqufqH&mwGif &m bmtpGyfudk
rjzpf r aetoH k ; jyK&rS m jzpf + yD ; umwm&D e m uawmh ol r tae
jzif h tcspf a &;ES i f h ygwf o wf + yD ; ,cif u vH k ; 0 tawG @ t}uH K
r&S d c J h w m aocsma=umif ; ouf a ojyzd k @ toif h j yif x m;+yD ;
jzpf w ,f v d k @ ajymqd k v k d u f y gw,f ?
tif
t0wf t pm;twG u f / zH k ; wpf v H k ; / wuf b vuf w pf c k /
um;wpf p D ; twG u f pyG e f q m&S m =uwm xuf p m,if trsm;
tusKd ; twG u f ppf p pf q d k , if a wmh 'D v d k v k y f w mrqd k ; bl ; vd k @ yJ
qd k & rS m aygh ?
&ef u if ; om;
tvkyform; or*~rsm; pkaygif;A[dkkH; zGifhrnf

(atmuf w d k b mv 9 &uf 2012 {&m0wD )
pufwifbm vqef;ydkif;u awG&aom v_difom,m pufr_Zkef 4 &Sd SMK txnfcsKyfpuf
kHrS qENjy tvkyform;rsm; &efukefwdkif; vd_ifom,m+rdKe,f twGif;Y tvkyform; or*~rsm;
k H ; cef ; tjzpf toH k ; jyKEd k i f & ef t wG u f tvk y f o rm;or*~ r sm; pk a ygif ; A[d k k H ; zG i f h v S p f o G m ;rnf j zpf
a=umif; owif;&&Sdonf? xkdkH;cef;tm; vuf&SdwGif vd_ifom,m+rdKe,ftwGif;&Sd pufkH tvdkufzGJ
pnf ; xm;aom tvk y f o rm;or*~ 15 ck u d k pk p nf ; I trS w f 88/ yD r d k ; eif ; vrf ; / 26 &yf u G u f /
vd _ i f o m,m+rd K e,f w G i f zG i f h v S p f x m;+yD ; jzpf a =umif ; / aemuf y d k i f ; wG i f jref r mwEd k i f i H v H k ; rS tvk y f
orm;tzG J rsm;ES i f h quf o G , f I pk a ygif ; vk y f a qmif o G m ;rnf jzpf a =umif ; tvk y f o rm;t a&;
aqmif & G u f a eol ud k a Zmf & rf ; u ajymjyonf ? vd _ i f o m,m +rd K e,f t wG i f ; &S d tvk y f o rm; or*~
rsm;tm;vH k ; k H ; cef ; tjzpf toH k ; jyKEd k i f k H o mrubJ tvk y f o rm;rsm;ud k oif w ef ; rsm;/ aqG ; aEG ;
yG J r sm; jyKvk y f & ef t wG u f v nf ; &nf & G , f a =umif ; / xd k @ tjyif vuf & S d t ajctaet& jzpf a y:aeaom tvk y f o rm; or*~ r sm;
uG J j ym;aejcif ; ud k pk p nf ; rd a p&ef v nf ; &nf & G , f j cif ; jzpf a =umif ; ud k a Zmf & rf ; u ajymonf ? tJ ' D k H ; cef ; rS m b,f p uf k H r S m
pmrsufEmS (14)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
bmjzpf w,f q d k w m/ tvk y f o rm;awG & J tajctae/ tjzpf t ysuf a wG u d k rS w f w rf ; wif x m; r,f ? tvk y f o rm; or*~ a wG
pk a 0;pOf ; pm;um b,f u d p P u d k b,f v d k a qmif & G u f r ,f qd k w mrsd K ;awG y g vk y f o G m ;r,f ? tJ ' D v d k vk y f z d k @ ae&mwck v d k w mud k
jznfhqnf;vdkufwJh oabmyJ[kvnf; 4if;uqdkonf? tqdkygkH;. a&&Snf&yfwnfEdkifa&;/ vkyfief;vnfywfEdkifa&;rsm;twGuf
tvk y f o rm;rsm; ud k , f w d k i f pk a ygif ; vk y f a qmif o G m ;& rnf j zpf a =umif ; / vwf w avmwG i f wES p f t xd o m k H ; cef ; iS m ;&rf ; xm;
a=umif ; / k H ; cef ; qd k i f ; bk w f / tvH E S i f h trS w f w H q d y f r sm;ud k v nf ; aemuf w ywf t wG i f ; t+yD ; aqmif & G u f o G m ;rnf j zpf a =umif ;
od & onf ? xk d @ tjyif k H ; cef ; ud k tywf p Of we*F a EG a e@wd k i f ; zG i f h v S p f x m;rnf j zpf + yD ; tvk y f o rm;or*~ r sm; pk a ygif ; aqG ; aEG ; I
kH;tzGJrsm;zGJ pnf;+yD; vdktyfvSsif qufwdkuf zGifhvSpfEdkif&ef pDpOfoGm;rnfjzpfa=umif;/ &efyHkaiGrsm;vnf; vdktyfaeao;a=umif;
tvk y f orm; ud k , f p m;vS , f w OD ; jzpf o nf h ud k r sd K ;rif ; od e f ; u ajymjyonf ? awmf 0 if j ref r m Zmyef x d k ; puf k H r S tvk y f o rm;
udk,fpm;vS,f wOD;uvnf;'DvdkkH;rsdK;u jrefrmEdkifiHrSm yxrOD;qHk;zGifhvSpfEdkifr,fh tvkyform; or*~awG&JkH;jzpfvmrSmyg?
'DvdkkH;rsdK; &SdvmwJhtwGuf tvkyform;tzGJawG=um; awGqHkr_awG aumif;vmr,f? tvkyform;ta&;awG aqmif&Guf&mrSm
tul t nD ay;r,f h o l a wG e J @ vnf ; awG qH k & wmrsd K ;/ aqG ; aEG ; &wmrsd K ;u tck v d k k H ; &S d v mawmh aumif ; w,f [k ajymonf ?
vuf & S d j ref r m Ed k i f i H w G i f tvk y f o rm;tzG J aygif ; 264 zG J zG J pnf ; xm;+yD ; jzpf a =umif ; od & onf ? vd _ i f o m,m puf r _ Z k e f
tygt0if jrefrmEkdifiH +rdK}uD;rsm;&Sd pufkH/ tvkyfkHrsm;Y vkyfcvpm/ tcsdefydka=u;/ tvkyf&Sif tvkyform;jy\emrsm;ESifh
tvk y f o rm; tcG i f h t a&;qd k i f & m jy\emrsm;a=umif h r=umc% tvk y f o rm; qEN j yr_ r sm;vnf ; jzpf ay:vsuf & S d o nf ?
Ak'<bmom0ifrsm;udk wdkufcdkufrl Edkb,fvfqk&Sif a'gufwm ,lEld; ausnmcsufxkwf/ jyef-um;a&;

0ef}uD; vrf;ay:xGuf qENjy
b*F v ma'csf Ed k i f i H u Ak ' < b mom bk e f ; awmf } uD ; ausmif ; awG e J Ak ' < b mom0if
rsm;&J aetdrfawGudk rD;&SdKwdkufcdkuf wmeJ ywfoufjyD; Edkb,fvf+idrf;csrf;a&;qk&Sif
a'guf w m rl [ mrwf , l e d K ;rS ausnmcsuf w pf a pmif xk w f j yef v d k u f + yD ; owif ;
jyef = um;a&;0ef } uD ; [mqef E k & f [ k y f tD E k & f u awmh vrf ; ay:xG u f qEN j ycJ h y gw,f ?
(owif ; ES i f h jyef = um;a&; 0ef } uD ; uef uG u f qEN j yaepOf )
ausnmcsuf x J r S m +id r f ; csrf ; a&;qk & S i f a'guf w m ,l E d k ; u tck wd k u f c d k u f r l u d k
bmoma&; vG w f v yf c G i f h & S d w J h b*F v ma'csf ord k i f ; rS m Black Incident tjzpf
owfrSwf&rSm jzpfw,fvdk ajymqdkygw,f? 'ghtjyif olu wdkufcdkufrlwGif yg0ifolawGudk aocsm ppfaq;;jyD; ta&;,loGm;zdkeJ
b*Fvma'csf EdkifiH&J vlrsdK;a&;t& wef;wl nDrSsrleJ o[Zmw jzpfrludk jrifhwif=uzdk arwWm&yfcH aqmf=o vdkufygw,f?
vlrsdK;a&; bmoma&; tpGef;a&muform;awGudk qefusifwJh ae&mrSmvnf; tm;vHk; twlwuG&yfwnf wdkufyGJ0if =uzdkvnf;
ajymqdkvdkufygw,f? a'gufwm ,ledK;[m +idrf;csrf;a&; Edkb,fvf qk&Sifomru Grameen aus;vuf b%fwpfckudk pwif
xl a xmif c J h o l wpf O D ; jzpf + yD ; aus;vuf a'ou qif ; &J E G r f ; yg;wJ h jynf o l a wG u d k twd k ; enf ; enf ; eJ aiG x k w f a cs;+yD ; pD ; yG m ;a&;
vkyfief;awGudk csay;cJhwJhtwGuf ol&J b%fvkyfief;[m atmifjrifrl t}uD; tus,f &&SdcJhygw,f? tvm;wl b*Fvma'csf
owif;eJ@ jyef=um;a&; 0ef}uD; [mqefEk&f[kyf tDEk&fuvnf; 'uUm;+rdK trsdK;om; owif;axmuf toif; &Hk;a&SudkoGm;+yD;
b*Fvma'csf +idrf;csrf;a&;aumifpDtzGJ0ifawGeJ vufcsif;csdwfum Ak'<bmom bkef;awmf}uD; ausmif;awGeJ rdom;pk0ifawG
tay: wd k u f c d k u f c J h w mud k uef uG u f qEN j ycJ h y gw,f ? ol u tck wd k u f c d k u f r l [ m }ud K wif pD r H x m;wJ h vk y f } uH r l } uD ; wpf c k
jzpf+yD; wdkif;jynf +idrf;csrf;a&;eJ wnf+idrfa&;udk zsufvdk zsufqD; vkyfvdkolawG&J vufcsufvdk pGyfpGJ ajymqdkygw,f? &mcsD&SdwJh
b*F v ma'csf uG e f j rLepf y gwD 0 if a wG u vnf ; trsd K ;om; owif ; pmwd k u f u d k oG m ;+yD ; wd k u f c d k u f r l tay: qef usif uef uG u f
qENjycJh=uygw,f? tJ'DrSm wufa&mufcJhwJh uGefjrLepfygwD acgif;aqmif wpfOD;u vuf&dS tpdk;&eJ twdkuftcH ygwDwdkudk
wpf O D ; eJ wpf O D ; quf v uf + yD ; tjypf y H k c sum Ed k i f i H a &; upm;ae=u&if a wmh trS e f w u,f jypf r l usL;vG e f o l a wG u awmh
=um;xJ r S m xG u f a jy; v$ w f a jrmuf o G m ;vd r f h r ,f v d k owd a y; ajym=um;cJ h y gw,f ? wjcm; vl r l tzG J tpnf ; (9) ck u vnf ;
Ak'<bmom bkef;awmf=uD;ausmif;awGeJ Ak'<bmom rdom;pk0ifawG&J aetdrfawGudk wdkufcdkufcJhwmeJ ywfoufjyD; uefuGuf
qENjyyGJawGudk jyKvkyfcJh=uygw,f? (Narinjara News )
WE DO, SO WE ARE (JACBA)

pmrsufEmS (15)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
0ufarG;ol 0uf pm;cHvkduf&

pdwf0ifpm;p&m owif;wyk'fu pdwfraumif;p&myg? tar&duef atmf&D*Gef
rSm touf 70 t&G,f&SdwJh v,form;tzkd;}uD;udk olarG;xm;wJh aygifcsdef 700
avmuf&SdwJh 0ufawGu 0dkif;pm;aomufypf vkdufygw,fwJh? 'gayr,fh oufqkdif&m
a'o wm0ef & S d o l a wG u awmh v,f o rm;tzk d ; tk d [m xl ; xl ; qef ; qef ;
aoqHk;oGm;wmygvkd@ qkdygw,f? tjzpf u vGefcJhwJh tywfu Terry V. Garner
qkdwJh v,form; tzkd;tkd[m 0ufawGudk tpmau|;zkd@ oGm;cJhygw,f? 'gayr,fh
ol jyef r vm awmh v k d @ rd o m;pk 0 if wa,muf ol @ uk d vk d u f = unf h wJ h t cg
ajr}uD ; ay:rS m enf ; enf ; yg;yg;awG @ &wJ h ol @ oG m ;vd k @ ,l q vk d @ &wJ h t &meJ @ t&k d ; /
tom;p wcsdKudkyJ awG@vkduf &wmygvdk@ NBC owif;u qkdygw,f? owif;awGtqkdt& 0ufawGu v,form;tzkd;tkd&J
cE< u d k , f t pd y f t yd k i f ; enf ; enf ; csef x m;cJ h wmjzpf r ,f v k d @ qk d w ,f ? a'otm%m yd k i f a wG u awmh *gem b,f v k d j zpf + yD ; 'D v k d
toufqHk;&SKH;cJh& w,f qkdwm pHkprf;avhvmr_awG vkyfaeygw,fvkd@ qkdygw,f? pHkprf;r_t& jzpfEkdifajc awGtrsm;}uD;awG@&wJh
txJ r S m rpP w m *gem[m ES v H k ; &k w f w &uf azmuf v mwmvd k @ usef ; rma&; w ck c k j zpf + yD ; vJ o G m ;wJ h t cg 0uf a wG u ol @ ud k
tpmrS w f + yD ; pm;vd k u f w mvm;/ qk d w m pOf p m;p&myg vk d @ Sherriff &H k ; u qk d y gw,f ? tJ ' D & H k ; u a=unm csuf r S m awmh
tenf;qHk; 0ufwaumifu rpPwm *gemudk &efvkdcJhyHk&w,fvkd@ azmfjyxm;ygw,f? aor_ aocif; q&m0efuawmh rpPwm
*gem uG,fvGefoGm;&jcif;ta=umif;udk usefaewJh ol@&J t&dk;/ tom; pawGu wqifh ppfaq;ae ygw,f? tckvdkjzpf&yfudk
=unf h + yD ; 0uf a rG ; wJ h o l a wG 0uf p mauG s ;&if owd x m;&r,f h oabmjzpf y gw,f ?
(td r f h o H p Of )
ausmif;q&mjyefvkyfrnhf orRw
orR w ouf w rf ; jynh f v S s if ausmif ; q&m jyef v k y f r nf [ k tar&d u ef o rR w
td k b m;rm;u ajym=um; vd k u f o nf ? ausmif ; q&mb0ud k usaemf tcspf q H k ; yg/ pmoif
&wJ h tvk y f u d k usaemf wu,f v G r f ; ygw,f [k rpP w m td k b m;rm;u The View
k y f o H t pD t pOf pum;ajymcef ; wG i f ajym=um;vd k u f o nf ?
rpP w m td k b m;rm;onf v$ w f a wmf t rwf rjzpf r D u &S D u m*d k wuU o d k v f Oya'
XmewG i f 12 ES p f w d k i f w d k i f ausmif ; q&m vk y f c J @ ol jzpf o nf ? vmrnh f a&G ; aumuf y G J w G i f
tar&d u ef o rR w 'k w d , ouf w rf ; twG u f quf v uf ,S O f + yd K if o G m ;zd k @ onf 4if ; . t"d u &nf r S e f ; csuf jzpf a =umif ; / 'k w d ,
oufwrf;twGuf tEdkif&ygu qufvuf xrf;aqmifrnfjzpf+yD; xdkouf wrf;jynhfygu ausmif;q&mtjzpf at;at;aq;aq;
aexd k i f v d k a =umif ; rpP w m td k b m;rm;u ajym=um;oG m ;onf ?
armuQ o wif ;
xdkif;=jrefrme,fpyf a&$qdkifwpfqdkif vk,ufcH&/ a&$ 18 usyfcGJom; ygoGm;/ w&m;cHrrdao;

(atmuf w d k b mv 10 &uf / 2012/ aomif & if ; e*g;)
,ref a e@eH e uf 10 em&D c ef @ u xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H o m;ZeD ; armif E S H 2 OD ; um;jzif h a &muf & S d v m+yD ; a&$ 0 ,f [ ef a qmif u m
vk , l o G m ;aom jzpf & yf w pf c k o nf xd k i f ; -jref r me,f p yf / wmh ( cf ) c&d k i f zk w f z &+rd K e,f / bef & mrJ u vd k q m[mrpf (jref r m
wdk@tac: - 48 uDvdkrDwm) wdkufe,f&Sd wpfckwnf;aom a&$qdkifwGif jzpfyGm;cJha=umif;/ a&$ 18 usyfcGJom; (umvwefzdk;bwf 4 odef;cef@) ygoGm; a=umif;/ tqdkygZeD;armifESHudka&m/ ,if;wdk@ pD;vmaomum;udkyg wmh(cf)c&dkif 'kwd,&J wdkif;rSL;
ud k , f w d k i f u G i f ; qif ; a&muf & S d v m+yD ; &S m azG a eqJ j zpf a =umif ; owif ; &&S d o nf ? owif ; -aomif & if ; e*g;
jref r mjynf o m; bavmh * f r S ae@pOf w if a om owif ;
tcsuf t vuf r sm;ud k aomif & if ; e*g;azh ( pf ) bk w f
( http:://www.thaungyinnagar.facebook)) wG i f v nf ; aumif ; / e*g;aomif & if ; wG p f w m
( http:://www.nagarthaungyin.twitter)) wG i f v nf ; aumif ; 0if a &muf z wf & _ e k d i f y gonf ?
pmrsufEmS (16)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
xl;xl;jcm;jcm;owif;rsm;
cg;emaeaomf v nf ; azsmf a jzyJ G j yKvk y f o nf h k yf & S i f r if ; om;&d e f ;
(qd k ; vf atmuf w k d b m 3&uf 2012)
awmif u d k & D ; ,m;k y f & S i f r if ; om;ES i h f tqd k a wmf & d e f ; onf awmif u d k & D ; ,m;
wGif ppfr_xrf;vsuf&Sd &mol.cg;wpf0dkufwGif kwfw&uf jyif;xefaomemusifr_
a0'emcH p m;ae&ojzif h aq;H k o d k @ oG m ; a&muf a q;uk o r_ c H , l c J h & aomf v nf ;
awmif u d k & D ; ,m;wyf z G J @ 0if r sm;ud k *D w azsmf a jzyG J jyKvk y f c J h o nf ? ppf r _ x rf ; ae
aom&d e f ; onf awmif u d k & D ; ,m;ppf b uf tajcpd k u f p cef ; wpf c k Y ol . *D w azsmf a jzyG J w pf & yf jyKvk y f r nf h y G J w G i f yg0if q if E $ J E d k i f
zG , f r &S d a =umif ; / xd k @ a=umih f ,if ; *D w azsmf a jzyG J r S m jyKvk y f E d k i f j cif ; r&S d a =umif ; awmif u d k & D ; ,m;ppf b uf ajyma&;qk d c G i h f & S d o l
wpfOD;u tapmydkif;wGif ajym=um;onf? odk@aomf touf 30 t&G,f&Sd&def;onf cHpm;ae&aomcg;a0'emrSm oufomcJhojzifh
aysmf&$ifpGmjzihf ol.*DwazsmfajzyGJwGif yg0ifazsmfajzEdkifcJhonf? odk@&mwGif *DwazsmfajzyGJ. tpDtpOftcsKdY yg0ifEdkifjcif;r&SdcJhacs?
k y f & S i f r if ; om;ES i h f tqd k a wmf & d e f ; onf +yD ; cJ h o nf h atmuf w d k b mvrS p wif u m awmif u d k & D ; ,m;ppf w yf w G i f ppf r _ p wif x rf ;
aqmif c J h + yD ; awmif u d k & D ; ,m; ppf w yf y D t m&f w yf r wG i f wm0ef x rf ; aqmif v suf & S d o nf ? &d e f ; onf ppf r _ x rf ; pOf umvtwG i f ;
awmif u d k & D ; ,m;wyf z G J 0if r sm; pd w f " mwf j r i f h w if ap&ef t wG u f *D w azsmf a jzr_ t pD t pOf r sm;ud k v nf ; jyKvk y f a y;vsuf & S d o nf ?
(tif w meuf )
vrf ; ywf cs,f v f q D ; twG u f t "d u upm;orm;jzpf a eqJ
(vef ' ef atmuf w k d b m 3)
uG i f ; v,f u pm;orm; vrf ; ywf t m; ol &J abmvk H ; orm;ouf w rf ;
ukefqkH;wJhtxd upm;ay;oGm; apcsifwJhta=umif; cs,fvfqD;enf;jy 'DrwfwD,kdu
xkwfazmfajym=um;vkdufygw,f? touf 34 ESpf&Sd+yD jzpfwJh uGif;v,fupm;orm;
vrf ; ywf [ m 2001 ck E S p f u cs,f v f q D ; ok d @ a&muf & S d v mcJ h + yD ; wJ h a emuf cs,f v f
qD ; toif ; uk d zvm;awG q G w f c l ; ay;cJ h & mrS m t"d u upm;orm;tjzpf yg0if u pm;
ay;cJ h o l j zpf y gw,f ? ok d @ aomf v nf ; ol [ m 'D E S p f a EG & moD r S m cs,f v f q D ; toif ;
twGuf tpyGJokH;yGJom yg0ifupm;cJh&ao;w,fvkd@ qkdygw,f? z&ef@vrf;ywf[m
t"duupm;orm;wpfOD;tjzpf &SdaeqJygyJ? ol[mtoif;&J@ atmifjrifr_awG&atmif upm;ay;EkdifcJhwJh upm;orm;wpfOD;yg?
ol @ upm;orm; ouf wrf ; uk e f q k H ; wJ h t xd usaemf w k d @ eJ @ twl upm;oG m ;apvk d y gw,f v k d @ enf ; jy'D r wf w D , k d u qk d y gw,f ?
uG i f ; v,f u pm;orm; vrf ; ywf [ m cs,f v f q D ; toif ; rS m touf t &G , f & vmwJ h tavsmuf yk H r S e f u pm;cG i h f ae&mr& jzpf
vmygw,f ? 'gayr,f h v nf ; vrf ; ywf [ m 0g&if h u pm;orm;awG x J r S m awmh taumif ; qk H ; upm;orm; yJ v k d @ enf ; jy 'D r wf w D
,k d u em;vnf x m;ygw,f ? (k d u f w m)
b&mZ
b&mZDD ; urB m h t qih f 14
b&mZ
b&mZDD;abmvHk;toif;onf zDzm. urBmhabmvHk; tqihftwef;xkwfjyefcJh&mwGif
urB m h t qih f 14 od k @ a&muf & S d a ea=umif ; atmuf w d k b m 4 &uf u owif ; azmf j yonf ?
urB m h z vm; ig;}ud r f q G w f c l ; Ed k i f c J h o nf h b&mZ
b&mZDD ; toif ; onf urB m h t qih f owf r S w f c suf r sm;
qufwdkufusqif;cJh&onf? ay:wl*Dtoif;onf urBmhtqihf 3 ae&modk@ wufa&mufvm+yD;
pyd e f E S i h f *smreD w d k @ u yxrES i h f 'k w d , ae&mwd k @ wG i f quf v uf & yf w nf v suf & S d o nf ?
(tif w meuf )
tm&S a bmvH k ; tzG J @ csKyf ,l - 16 abmvH k ; +yd K if y G J OZbuf w k @ d a tmif y G J c H
(wD [ D & ef atmuf w d k b m 7)
tm&S a bmvH k ; tzJ G csKyf . ,l - 16 abmvH k ; +yd K if y J G Ad k v f v k y J G u d k tD & ef E k d i f i H wD [ D & ef + rd K Y atmuf w d k b m 6 &uf u
OZbufupPwefESifh *syeftoif;wdk@,SOf+ydKifupm;&m OZbufupPwefwdk@ oHk;*kd;-wpf*dk;jzifhEkd ifyJG&+yD; zvm;udkifajrmuf atmif
yJGcHEdkifcJhonf? AdkvfvkyJGodk@ ajc&nfwltoif;rsm; wufa&mufvmcJhjcif;jzpf&m yJGcsdefrdepf 90 jynhfonftxd wpf*dk;pD oa&yJG
jzpf a ecJ h o nf ? tcsd e f y d k q uf v uf u pm;cJ h a omf v nf ; ES p f o if ; pvH k ; roG i f ; Ed k i f c J h ojzih f y,f e ,f w D t qH k ; tjzwf j zif h uef o G i f ;
cJ h o nf ? xd k o d k @ y,f e ,f w D u ef o G i f ; &mrS OZbuf upP w ef w d k @ u *syef t oif ; tm; oH k ; *d k ; -wpf * d k ; jzif h tEk d i f & +yD ; zvm;qG w f
cl;EdkifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? *syefwkd@_H;edrfhcJhojzihf oHk;}udrfajrmuf zvm;udkifajrmufatmifyJGcHEdkifa&; tdyfrufysufjy,f oGm;cJhonf?
tm&SabmvHk;tzJGcsKyf ,l-16 abmvHk;+ydKifyJGudk tD&efEdkifiH wD[D&ef+rdKY pufwifbm 22 &ufrS atmufwdkbm 6 &uftxd
pmrsufEmS (17)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
usif;ycJhjcif;jzpfonf? xdk@twl 2013 ckESpf zDzm ,l-17 abmvHk;+ydKifyJGudk tm&yfapmfbGm;rsm;EkdifiH(,lattD;)Y vmrnhfESpf

atmuf w d k b m 17 &uf r S Ed k 0 if b m 8 &uf t xd usif ; y&ef p D p Of x m;onf ? (qif [ G m )
pwD A if * s&wf vD A myl ; wG i f q uf u pm;rnf
(vef ' ef atmuf w d k b m 7)
vD A myl ; toif ; acgif ; aqmif p wD A if * s&wf u 4if ; . a=u;pm; abmvH k ; orm;b0ud k
vD A myl ; rS m om uk e f q H k ; apvd r f h rnf j zpf a =umif ; xk w f a zmf ajym=um;vd k u f o nf ? touf
32 ES p f t &G , f &S d + yD j zpf a om pwD A if * s&wf o nf vD A myl ; toif ; ud k jyef v nf a tmif j rif r _ r sm;
&&Sda&;twGuf }udK;pm;vsuf&Sdonf? 4if;onf 1998 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvu vDAmyl;toif;odk@
a&muf&Sdvm cJhjcif;jzpfonf? 4if;onf vDAmyl;toif;ESihf twl yGJaygif; 600 ausmfupm;cJh+yD;
csef yD , H v d * f / tuf z f a tzvm;/ vd * f z vm;/ ,l t D ; tuf z f a tzvm;/ ,l t D ; tuf z f a tpl y g
zvm;wd k @ tygt0if zvm;rsm;pG m qG w f c l ; ay;Ed k i f c J h o l j zpf o nf ? usaemf [ m urB m u
tH h z G , f a umif ; avmuf a tmif vD A myl ; twG u f u pm;jyay;cJ h + yD ; yg+yD / 'gayr,f h v nf ; usaemf quf v uf }ud K ; pm;aerS m yJ /
vDAmyl;eJ@twl zvm;awG qufvuf,lcsifygao;w,f/ vDAmyl;rSmyJ qufaeoGm;ygr,f[k pwDAif *s&wfuajym=um;onf?
(d k u f w m)
ay:wl * D t oif ; twG u f pD k d e ,f ' k d u pm;rnf
awmifyHwkdufppfrSL; pDkde,f'kdonf atmufwkdbm 12 &ufwGif ,SOf+ydKifupm;rnfh
urBmhzvm; ajcppfyGJtjzpf ay:wl*Dtoif;twGuf yckH;'%f&m&xm;aomfvnf; yg0ifupm;
rnf[kqkdonf? ay:wl*Dtoif;onf k&Sm;tdrfuGif;okd@ oGm; a&mufupm; &rnfjzpfonf?
ay:wl*DESifh k&Sm;wkd@onf tkyfpk(6)rS aemufwpfqifhwufEdkifajc&Sdonfh toif;rsm;jzpfonf?
&D ; &J r uf ' &pf e mrnf } uD ; awmif y H w k d u f p pf r S L ; pD k d e ,f ' k d o nf +yD ; cJ h o nf h atmuf w k d b m 7
&uf u pyd e f v mvD * gyG J p Of t jzpf bmpD v k d e m toif ; ES i f h ,S O f + yd K if u pm;pOf ES p f * k d ; pvk H ; uk d
oGif;,lay; EkdifcJhonf? ,if;yGJwGif wpfzufESpf*kd;pDjzifh oa&jzpfoGm; cJhonf? xkd @twl bmpDvkdemtoif;twGuf *kd;rsm;ukdvnf;
urB m h t aumif ; qk H ; abmvk H ; orm; ruf q D u oG i f ; ,l a y; Ek d i f c J h o nf ? (tif w meuf )
pmrsufESm (1) jynfolvdkvm;vSsif orRwwm0ef,lrnf[k a':atmifqef;pk-unfajymrS tquf

usru EkdifiHa&; ygwDwck&J acgif;aqmifyJ? EkdifiHa&;ygwD wck&J acgif;aqmif qkdrSawmh orRwvnf; vkyf&JwJh
owWd&Sd&r,f? jynfolvlxk vkdvm;&if vkyfrSmyJ [k olu qdkonf? qufvufI 4if;u zGJpnf;ykH tajccHOya'udk v$wfawmfu
jyif&rnf jzpfa=umif;/ NLD ygwDtaejzifh =um;jzwf a&G;aumufyGJ 0ifuwnf;u tajccHOya' jyifqifa&;udk rlwcktaeESifh
csrS w f x m;&m pd k u f v d k u f r wf w yf }ud K ;pm; oG m ;rnf j zpf a =umif ; ajymonf ? usr orR w jzpf a &; ud p P w if r[k w f y gbl ; /
wjcm;[mawG v nf ; jyif p &mvk d y gw,f [k a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf u qd k o nf ? vuf & S d Ek d i f i H a &;tajymif ; tvJ w G i f wyf r
awmf . taetxm;rS m 'D r k d u a&pD tenf ; i,f q ef v m+yD ; wyf r awmf . tvk y f r sm;ud k vk y f a qmif v m+yD jzpf a =umif ; /
wyf r awmf o nf wyf r awmf E S i f h rqk d i f a om tvk y f r sm;ud k vk y f u d k i f v S s if Ek d i f i H t wG u f raumif ; onf h t jyif wyf r awmf v nf ;
od u Q m usEk d i f a =umif ; / v$ w f a wmf w G i f wyf r awmf o m;v$ w f a wmf uk d , f p m;vS , f r sm;onf v nf ; Ek d i f i H o m;rsm;jzpf + yD ; Ek d i f i H
aumif ; pm;vS s if wyf r awmf o m;rsm;vnf ; aumif ; pm;rnf jzpf a =umif ; / vwf w avmwG i f wyf r awmf o m;rsm; buf u
pdrf;um;onfh taetxm;rsm; r&Sdaomfvnf; &if;ESD; u|rf;0ifr_vnf; r&Sdao;a=umif; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu &Sif;jyonf?
tcuf t cJ q k H ; umvrS m rS e f r S e f u ef u ef rjrif r S m pd k ; &d r f w ,f ? tjzpf u d k tjzpf t wk d i f ; rjrif b J e J @ jzpf a pcsif w J h t wk d i f ;
jrifrSmukd pkd;&drfw,f? 'Drkdua&pDvrf;udk p+yD; aaqmuf&r,fhumvrSm vrf;wckudkpzdk@u tajccHrSefzdk@ tifrwef ta&;}uD;w,f
[k 4if ; u quf a jymonf ? 'D r k d u a&pD jyKjyif a jymif ; vJ r _ r sm; &S d a eaomf v nf ; jref r mEk d i f i H . usef ; rma&;/ ynma&;
tajctaersm;rS m tvG e f qk d ; &G m ;aea=umif ; / ausmif ; raeEk d i f a om uav;rsm;pG m &S d a eao;a=umif ; vnf ; a':atmif
qef ; pk = unf u oH k ; oyf o nf ? ES p f a ygif ; 50 rS m tif r wef r S nH h z sif ; cJ h w J h ynma&; jy\em a=umif h rsKd ; quf o pf a wG x J r S m
vk y f E k d i f u d k i f E k d i f w J h t&nf t csif ; &S d w J h o l a wG u &S m ;oG m ;a&m? usrwd k @ &J jynf o l a wG rawmf v d k @ r[k w f y gbl ; ? ynma&;pepf
nH h z sif ; vG e f ; vd k @ jzpf & wJ h ud p P y g? 'D t usKd ; quf u d k usrwk d @ wwf E k d i f o avmuf &k e f ; xG u f E k d i f z d k @ }ud K ;pm;&ygh r ,f [k ol u
&S i f ; jyonf ? tqif h j rif h ynma&;u jr i f h w if & ef }ud K ;yrf ; &mwG i f &ef u k e f w uU o d k v f / rE W a v; wuU o d k v f r sm; tygt0if
pmrsufEmS (18)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
wuU o d k v f r sm; tqif h t wef ; jrif h r m;a&; }ud K ;yrf ; vk y f a qmif & rnf [ k a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf u quf a jymonf ? wcsd e f w cg
wkef;u qdk&if &efukefwuUodkvf/ rE Wav;wuUodkvfuae atmifoGm;wJh ausmif;ol ausmif;om;awGu urBmh tqifhtwef;udk
vkdufEkdifwJh ynma&;udk &cJh=uygw,f? &efukefwuUodkvfudk txl; tav;ay;+yD;awmh t&ifuvdk vSsrf;vSsrf;awmuf wuUodkvf
jyefj zpf v mzd k @ }ud K ;pm;oifhw,fvkd@ xifygw,f? tif rwef r S ajymif a jrmuf w J h wuU o d k v f a wG &S d w ,f q d k w m wk d if; jynftwGuf
tifrwef *k%f&Sd&kHwifrubl;/ EkdifiH&J oduQmudkvnf; jrifhapw,f[k oluqkdonf? usef;rma&; uwGifrl tvGefqkd;&Gm;ae+yD;
jynfol@ usef;rma&; apmifha&Smufr_rSm edrfhusvSsuf &Sdonf[k a':atmifqef;pk=unf u ajymonf? tajccHusef;rma&;pepfu
raumif ; bl ; qd k w m tm;vk H ; od + yD ; om;yg? ypP n f ; uvnf ; r&S d b l ; ? aq;&k H qk d w muvnf ; tm;ememeJ @ ajym&r,f x if w ,f ?
tckacwfrSmqkd&if aiGa&;a=u;a&; jynfhpkHwJholawGu yk*~vduaq;&kHawG oGm;=uw,f? trsm;jynfolawG tm;ukd;wJh aq;&kH
awG u sawmh ypf x m;ovd k y J [k 4if ; u &S i f ; vif ; ajymqk d o nf ? jref r mEk d i f i H o d k @ vma&muf &if ; ES D ; jr K yf E S H v d k a om Ek d i f i H j cm;
uk r ` % D r sm;&S d a e+yD ; ,if ; &if ; ES D ; jr K yf e S H r _ r sm;ud k pOf ; pm; csif h c sd e f qk H ; jzwf o G m ;&rnf jzpf a =umif ; 4if ; u ajymonf ? tck
jref r mjynf r S m 0if + yD ; awmh &if ; ES D ; jr K yf E S H r _ vk y f c sif w J h o l trsm;}uD ; &S d ygw,f ? usrwk d @ &orS s ,l r ,f q k d + yD ; awmh pd w f " mwf e J @
vk y f & if trS m ;awG jzpf r ,f ? pOf ; pOf ; pm;pm; avh v m+yD ; awmh ,l & ygr,f ? aemuf + yD ; awmh usrwd k @ Ek d i f i H r S m &if ; ES D ; jr K yf E S H w J h
olawGuvnf; wu,fyJ usrwkd@EkdifiH&J a&&SnftusKd;a&m rdrdwdk@tusKd;a&m =unfh+yD;awmh pOf;pOf;pm;pm;eJ@ vkyfoifhygw,f?
raygif ; oif h w J h o l a wG e J @ aygif ; +yD ; &if ; ES D ; jr K yf E S H r ,f q d k & if a&&nf r S m Ek d i f i H t wG u f v nf ; tusKd ; rjzpf b l ; / &if ; ES D ; jr K yf e S H w J h ol awG
twGufvnf; tusKd;rjzpfbl;? raygif;oif;wJh olawGeJ@ aygif;+yD; &if;ESD;jrKyfESH&if usrwkd@u od&if odovdk owif; jzef@wmyJ?
'guawmh usrwk d @ wm0ef w ck t aeeJ @ vk y f & rS m yJ [k ol u &S i f ; jyonf ? tar&d u ef jynf a xmif p k o k d @ oG m ;a&muf cJ h & jcif ; .
&nf&G,fcsufrSm EkdifiH. tajctaeESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk &Sif;jy&ef jzpf+yD; jrefrmh 'Drkdua&pDta&; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm axmufcH
tm;ay;r_twGuf aus;Zl;wifpum; ajymqkd&efjzpfonf[k owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJ wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfu ajymqkdcJhonf?
quf v uf I ol u td r f e D ; csif ; Ek d i f i H j zpf a om w&k w f E k d i f i H o k d @ oG m ;a&muf v d k a =umif ; / w&k w f E k d i f i H E S i f h cspf = unf &if ; ED S ; r_ & S d & ef
ta&;}uD;a=umif;vnf; ajymonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf tar&duefc&D;pOftwGif; tar&duefv$wfawmfrS csD;jrifhaom
uGef*&uf a&$wHqdyfqk/ vl@tcGifhta&;qk tygt0if *k%fxl;aqmifqk rsm;pGmudk vufcHcJh+yD; tar&duef orRw tdk;bm;rm;ESifh
vnf ; awG qk H c J h a o;onf ?
pmrsufESm (1) Edkb,fvf_idrf;csrf;a&;qk EU &&Sdtquf

tD ; ,l Oa&myor*~ [ m jref r mEd k f i f i H e J @ vnf ; od y f r pd r f ; vS w J h tzJ G @ tpnf ; }uD ; jzpf w mrd k @ jref r mh t a&;v_ y f & S m ;ol
tawmf r sm;rsm;uawmh tD ; ,l Oa&myor*~ tck v d k r sd K ; Ed k b ,f v f q k & wmud k }ud K qd k t m;&=uygw,f ? ES p f a ygif ; 60 avmuf
&yf w nf c J h w J h ord k i f ; wavS s muf r S m tD ; ,l Oa&myor*~ [ m +id r f ; csrf ; a&;vk y f i ef ; pOf a wG tawmf r sm;rsm;rS m yg0if y wf o uf c J h
wma=umif h tck v d k Ed k A ,f + id r f ; csrf ; a&;qk & wm xd k u f w ef y gw,f v d k @ ol w d k @ uajymygw,f ? txl ; ojzif h a wmh tD ; ,l Oa&my
or*~ [ m jref r mEd k i f i H vl @ tcG i f h t a&; 'D r d k u a&pD a &; twG u f v nf ; ta&;ygwJ h tcef ; uwck t aeeJ @ &yf w nf a qmif &G u f
cJhwmrdk@/ tD;,l tckvdkqk&&dSwmudk }udKqdkw,fvdk@ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfwJh owif;pmq&m}uD;
OD;0if;wifu ajymygw,f? bmyJajymajym EU udk tzGJ@tpnf;tvdkuf tckvdk Edkb,fvfqkcsD;jrSifhcH&wm tvGefoifhjrwfw,f
vd k @ usaemf ajymcsif y gw,f ? usaemf u wEd k i f i H c sif ; / vl y k * ~ d K vf w OD ; csif ; &wmxuf tzG J @ tpnf ; awG u d k 'D v k d u d p P r sd K ;rS m
+idrf;csrf;qkwdk@ bmwdk@ &apcsifw,f? 'grSomvsif tzGJ@tpnf;awG[m tzGJ@tpnf;tvdkuf qkudk &apcsifygw,f? 'grSmomvsif
tzGJ@tpnf;awG[m tzGJ@tpnf;tvdkuf wm0ef&Sdw,f? olwdk@vkyfief;awGtwGuf urBmuae todtrSwfjyKcH&r,f? tJh'Dvdk
todtrSwftjyKcH&wJhtwGuf olwdk@rSmvnf; wm0efydk}uD;vmw,fqdkwm odvmr,fvdk@ usaemf,lqygw,f? tD;,l Oa&my
or*~ [ m vl @ tcG i f h t a&;eJ @ ywf o uf v d k @ vnf ; urB m rS m pH x m; pH j yKp&m Ed k i f i H w um tzJ G @ tpnf ; w&yf j zpf w ,f v d k @ jref r mh
vl @ tcG i f h t a&;v_ y f & S m ;ol w OD ; jzpf w J h ud k b d k = unf u ajymygw,f ?
xdkif;EdkifiHtvkyform;umuG,fa&;Oya' bDtD; 2541 yg a&$ hajymif;tvkyform;qdkif&m

^m%fprf;ar;cGef;v$m
atmuf y gar;cG e f ; rsm;rS oif x if j rif & m wpf c k u d k aocsma&G ; cs,f + yD ; trS e f j cpf a y;yg
1? rJaqmuftygt0ifwmh(cf)c&dkif 9 +rdKe,ftwGif;wGif xdkif;tpdk;& oufrSwf xm;aom a&$ajymif; tvkyform;
wpf O D ; . ae@pm;conf (u) 135 bwf (c) 155 bwf (*) 200 bwf (C) 226 bwf jzpf o nf ?
pmrsufEmS (19)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
2? a&$ajymif;tvkyform;wpfOD;onf 1 ESpfvSsif a&SmifwcifcGifh&uf (u) 1 v (c) 15 &uf (*) 10 &uf (C)

6 &uf ,lydkifcGifh&Sdonf?
3? ud k , f 0 ef a qmif trsd K ;orD ; tvk y f o rm;wpf O D ; onf ouf q d k i f & m q&m0ef . aq;buf q d k i f & m axmuf c H csuf j zif h
udk,f0efraqmifrDS (u) 30&uf (c) 45&uf (*) 60&uf (C) 90 &ufESifh udk,f0efaqmif +yD; (u) 1 v (c) 2 v (*)
45 &uf (C) 3 v ponfjzifh cGifh,lydkifcGifh&Sdonf?
xm;aom
uav;tvk y f o rm;
4? xd k if ; Oya'wGi f owfrSwfj yXmef;
[lonf (u) 20 ESpfatmuf (c)
18
ES p f atmuf (*) 16 ES p f a tmuf (C)
15 ES p f a tmuf jzpf o nf ?
5? xd k i f ; tpd k ; &. w&m;0if & H k ; yd w f
&uf [ l o nf 1 ES p f y wf v H k ; (u) 30
&uf (c) 15 &uf (*) 13 &uf (C) 10
&uf &Sdonf?
6? puf&Hktvkyf&Hk tvkyform;rsm;
onf tvkyf&Sif. w&m;0iftvkyform;
owfrSwfcH&&eftwGuf wqufw pyfwnf;
&Sdaom vkyfouf (u) 4 v (c) 6 v
(*) 9 v (C) 1 ESpf &Sd&ef vdktyfonf?
7? jyif y vk y f i ef ; cG i f r sm;jzpf a om
(usyef ; / taxG a xG / pd k u f y sd K ;a&;/
aqmuf vk y f a &;/ arG ; jrLa&;/ ponf j zif h )
tvk y f orm;rsm;onf tvk y f & S i f .
w&m;0if t vk y f o rm; owf r S w f c H & &ef
twG u f wquf wpyf w nf ; &S d a om
vkyfouf (u) 4 v (c) 6 v (*) 1 ESpf (C) 1 ESpf 6 v &Sd&ef vdktyfonf?
8? ,ck t cg a&$ ajymif ; tvk y f o rm;rsm;onf xd k i f ; Oya't& (u) 10 ES p f c H v uf r S w f (c) awmif ay:wd k i f ; &if ;
om;vuf r S w f (*) tvk y f o rm;vuf r S w f E S i f h ,m,D E k d i f i H u l ; vuf r S w f (C) 'k u Q o nf v uf r S w f &S d & ef v d k t yf o nf ?
9? tvk y f o rm;tcsif ; csif ; cd k u f & ef j zpf y G m ;&mrS '%f & mt}uD ; tus,f & &S d y gu (u) xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H tvk y f o rm;}uD ;
=uyfumuG,fa&;&Hk;(q0g'Duef) (c) &yfuGufaus;&Gmvl}uD;&Hk; (*) oufqdkif&m&Jpcef; (C) vkyfief;cGifrS wm0ef&Sdol wpfOD;OD;xH
t"d u quf o G , f ta=umif ; =um;&rnf ?
10? vif r ,m;csif ; jy\emjzpf y G m ;jcif ; rsm;/ rd o m;pk t wG i f ; cG e f ; }uD ; cG e f ; i,f p um; rsm;jcif ; rsm;twG u f (u)
xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H tvk y f o rm; }uD ; =uyf u muG , f a &;&H k ; (q0g'D u ef ) (c) &yf u G u f a us;&G m vl } uD ; &H k ; (*) ouf q d k i f & m &J p cef ; (C)
vk y f i ef ; cG i f r S wm0ef & S d o l w pf O D ; OD ; xH t"d u quf o G , f t a=umif ; =um; &rnf ?
11? tvk y f wpf c k c k v k y f & +yD ; cd k i f ; ap ol r S tvk y f v k y f o l u d k vk y f tm; cray; cJ h y gu (u) xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H tvk y f o
rm;}uD ; =uyf u muG , f a &;&H k ; (q0g'D u ef ) (c) &yf u G u f a us;&G m vl } uD ; &H k ; (*) ouf qd k i f & m &J p cef ; (C) vk y f i ef ; cG i f r S
wm0ef & S d ol w pf O D ; OD ; xH t "d u quf o G , f ta=umif ; =um;&rnf ?
12? uav;wpf O D ; OD ; / (0g) ausmif ; om;i,f w pf O D ; OD ; &k w f w &uf aysmuf q H k ; cJ h y gu (u) xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H tvk y f o rm;
}uD ; =uyf u muG , f a &;&H k ; (q0g'D uef ) (c) &yf u G u f a us;&G m vl } uD ; &H k ; (*) ouf q d k i f & m &J p cef ; (C) ouf q d k i f & m ausmif ; rS
wm0ef & S d o l wpf O D ; OD ; xH t"d u quf o G , f ta=umif ; =um;&rnf ?
13? xdkif;Oya'yga&$ ajymif;t vkyform; rsm;twGuf tywfpOf ydwf&uf 1 &ufrSm (u) paeae@ (c) we*FaEGae@
(*) vpmxk w f a omae@ (C) ouf q d k i f & mvk y f i ef ; cG i f r S pD p Of a y;aomae@ jzpf o nf ?
14? uav;tvk y f o rm;wpf O D ; OD ; .
vk y f t m;cud k uav;ES i f h ouf q d k i f a om
tk y f x d e f ; ol (0g) t}uD ; tuJ wpf O D ; OD ; u
vkyfief;cGifodk@ vma&mufxkwf ,lonfqdk
ief ; cG i f ref a e*sm (0g) vl r _ a &; wm0ef c H
=uygpd k @ ? Tae&mwG i f oif u vnf ; vk y f
wpf a,muf [ k qd k = uygpd k @ ? vmxk w f o l u d k
oifu (u) uav; tvkyform;. vkyf
tm;cukd ay;vdkufrnf? (c) um,uH&Sif udk,f
wd k i f vm,l & ef ajymvd k u f r nf ? (*) vm
xkwfoludk vkyfief;cGif&Hk;twGif; ,m,D xdef;
odrf; xm;rnf? (C) aemufrSvm ,l&ef
ajymv$ w f r nf ponf j zif h aqmif & G u f r nf ?
15? 5 ESpfcH/ 10 ESpfcH vufrSwf rsm;
onf (u) tvk y f v k y f I &onf ? (c)
'k u Q o nf p cef ; rS vuf r S w f E S i f h t wl w l j zpf
onf? (*) aexdkif cGifh vufrSwfjzpfonf?
om;tqif h & S d a om vuf rS w f j zpf onf ?
tvkyfvkyfIr& (C) w0ufwysuf xdkif;EdkifiH
16? tvk y f o rm;vuf r S w f & S d v S s if
ouf qdkif&maq;&Hkaq;ay;cef;Y bwf 30
jzif h (u) tvH k ; pH k tuk e f u k I &onf ? (c) owf r S w f xm; aom a&m*grsm;omuk I&onf ? (*) uk I r&yg?
pmrsufEmS (20)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
17? a&$ ajymif ; tvk y f o rm;rsm; twG u f xd k i f ; tpd k ; &u w&m;0if o uf r S w f xm; onf h tcsd e f y d k v k y f t m;conf
yH k r S e f tvk y f c sd e f a =u;. (u) wpf q jzpf o nf ? (c) wpf q cG J j zpf o nf ? (*) oH k ; qjzpf o nf ? (4) ES p f q cG J j zpf o nf ?
18? xdkif;tpdk;&u oufrSwfjyXmef;xm;onfh wmhcfc&dkiftwGif;&Sdtvkyform;rsm;.twGuf tvkyform; vufrSwf
wpf E S p f p m w&m;0if r S w f y H k w if a =u;pk p k a ygif ; onf (u) 2980 bwf (c) 3880 bwf (*) 4500 bwf (C) 3500 bwf
jzpf o nf ?
19? tvkyf&Sifu vkyfief;t&H_;ay: I tvkyfydwfvdkuf&onfhtcg odk@r[kwf tvkyform;wGif tjypfr&SdbJ tvkyfxkwfypf
vdkufonfhtcgwGif vkyfouf (u) vkyfouf wpfvjynfh+yD;ol (c) vkyfoufESpf vjynfh+yD;ol (*) vkyfoufq,fESpfjynfh+yD;ol
(C) vk y f o uf 4 vES i f h txuf t m;vH k ; &S d o l w d k @ onf Oya't& avsmf a =u;&yd k i f c G i f h & S d o nf ?
** jref r mjynf o m;rsm;ta&;yl ; wG J v _ y f & S m ;r_ a umf r wD (JACBA) rS jref r ma&$ ajymif ; tvk y f o rm;tv$ m aygif ; pH k / vk y f i ef ;
cG i f a ygif ; pH k w d k @ twG u f &nf & G , f v suf xk w f E _ w f j zef @ a0onf ? **
jrefrmEkdifiH ulnDaxmufyHha&; Oya' tar&duefjyXmef;

(tar&d u ef orR w b&uf t d k b m;rm;)
(6 &uf atmuf w d k b mv 2012- VOA))
jrefrmEkdifiHrSm cdkifrmwJhpD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m rl0g'eJ@ aumif;rGefwJh tkyfcsKyf
a&;pepf ay:ayguf vmzkd@twGuf tar&duef tpdk;&eJ@ v$wfawmfu Oya'opfeJ@
jyovd k u f w ,f v d k @ tar&d u ef b ma&;Xmeu ajymvd k u f y gw,f ? Ed k i f i H w um
bma&; tzJG@tpnf;}uD;awGu jrefrmEdkifiHtay: ulnDaxmufyHhedkifa&; tar&d
uefu axmufcHwJh Oya'udk orRw b&uftdkbm;rm; (Barack Obama) u vufrSwfa&;xkd; twnfjyKvdkuf+yD; aemufrSm
'kwd, bma&;0ef}uD; Neal Wolin u a=unmcsufxkwfjyef ajymvdkufwmjzpfygw,f? t&ifppftpdk;&tay: tar&duef
tpd k ; &u ta&;,l '%f c wf c J h w J h x J r S m Ed k i f i H w um bma&; tzJ G @ tpnf ; }uD ; awG u jref r mEd k i f i H t ay: ul n D axmuf y H h r _
ray;&qdkwm ygygw,f? tJ'Dydwfqdk@ '%fcwfr_udk z,f&Sm;ay;+yD; jrefrmEkdifiHtay: ulnDaxmufyHhr_awG jyefay; Edkifa&;Oya'udk
aom=umae@u orRw Barack Obama u vufrSwfa&;xdk; twnfjyKvdkufwm jzpfygw,f? jrefrm EdkifiH twGuf EdkifiHwum
bma&; tzJG@tpnf;awG tultnDay;a&;udk tar&duefu axmufcHwJh Oya'=urf;udk tar&duef v$wfawmf 2 &yfvHk;rSm
twnf j yKcJ h + yD ; aemuf orR w u vuf r S w f x d k ; Oya'jyXmef ; cJ h w m jzpf y gw,f ? 'D v k y f & yf [ m jref r mEd k i f i H r S m cd k i f r mwJ h pD ; yG m ;
a&;rl0g'eJ@ aumif;rGefwJh tkyfcsKyfa&; pepf ay:aygufvmzkd@twGuf EdkifiHwum bma&; tzJG@awG&J ta&;ygwJh tcef;uudk
axmufcHa=umif; tar&dueftpdk;&eJ@ v$wfawmfu jyovdkufwmjzpfw,fvdk@ vuf axmuf bma&;0ef}uD; Neal Wolin
u a=unmcsuf xk w f j yef a jym=um; cJ h y gw,f ? jref r mEk d i f i H r S m tvH k ; pH k zG H @ +zd K ;wd k ; wuf z k d @ eJ @ ed k i f i H w um pD ; yG m ;a&; tod k i f ;
t0kdif;xJudk wom;wnf;tjzpf jyefvnf0ifa&mufEdkifzkd@vnf; 'DOya'u taxmuftul jzpfapr,f vdk@ a=unmcsufxJrSm
azmfjyxm;ygw,f? t&if tar&duefjynfaxmifpk&J ta&;,l '%fcwfr_awGa=umifh EdkifiHwum aiGa=u;&efyHkaiGtzJG@ IMF/
urBmhb%f/ tm&SzGH@+zdK;a&;b%fwdk@vdk EdkifiHwum bma&; tzJG@tpnf;awG taeeJ@ bma&;qdkif&m axmufyHhulnDr_awG
ay;vdk@ r&cJhygbl;? orRwOD;odef;pdeftpdk;& wufvm +yD;aemufrSmawmh IMF u bma&;eJ@ ywfoufwJh enf;ynmydkif;qdkif&m
tul t nD a wG u d k ay;aeygw,f ? urB m h b %f w d k @ tm&S z G H @ +zd K ;a&;b%f wd k @ u jref r mEd k i f i H u d k jyef v nf aiG a cs;zk d @ ud p P u awmh
t&if w if a ewJ h ta=uG ; awG jyef q yf w J h tay:rS m vnf ; rl w nf a eygw,f ? 'D v d k Ek d i f i H w um bma&; vk y f i ef ; }uD ; awG & J
aqmif & G u f csuf a wG / rl 0 g'awG t ay:rS m v$ r f ; rd k ; vk y f y d k i f c G i f h & S d w J h tar&d u ef j ynf a xmif p k & J jref r mEd k i f i H q d k i f & m Oya'opf u d k
taumif t xnf azmf j cif ; tm;jzif h yG i f h v if ; jrif o mr_ / wm0ef c H r _ &S d w J h jref r mtpd k ; & jzpf v ma&;/ jyKjyif a jymif ; vJ a &;awG r S m
a&S wd k ; aqmif & G u f a tmif wG e f ; tm;ay;Ed k i f v d r f h r ,f v d k @ tar&d u ef vuf a xmuf bma&;0ef } uD ; Neal Wolin uajym
ygw,f? jrefrmEdkifiH&J jzpfay:wkd;wufr_awGtay:rSm wqifhcsif;wHk@jyefoGm;r,fvdk@ ajymxm;wJh tar&dueftpdk;&u jrefrm
Ed k i f i H t ay: pD ; yG m ;a&;t& ta&;,l y d w f q d k @ xm;wJ h '%f c wf r _ a wG u d k wck c sif ; z,f & S m ;ay;aewmjzpf y gw,f ? +yD ; cJ h w J h v
ukefydkif; tar&duefrSm a&mufaewJh orRwOD;odef;pdefeJ@ tar&duef EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; [Dvm&Duvifwef (Hllary Clinton)
awG @ qH k cJ h + yD ; aemuf r S m vnf ; jref r mEd k i f i H u uk e f y pP n f ; awG u d k tar&d u ef j ynf a xmif p k q D wif o G i f ; cG i f h yd w f y if x m; wmud k
jyef v nf cG i f h j yKawmh r ,f v d k @ tar&d u ef t pd k ; &u a=unmcJ h y gw,f ?
pmrsufEmS (21)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
rufyfa&'D,dk em;qifrvm;/ zGifh-unfhygvm;uG,f

'Dzkef; ESpfvHk;udk owd&
jref r mtvk y f o rm; nD t ud k armif E S r awG
vkyfief;cGifxJrSmyJjzpfjzpf/ vkyfief;cGifjyifyrSmyJ jzpf
jzpf/ tcuftcJ/ jy\em}uHKawG h&&if qufoG,f/
t}uHOm%fawmif;cHekdifzdk h a[m'Dzkef;eHygwfudk owd
&aemf? tvkyform; jy\emppfppfudkom xkdif;
Oya'twdkif; tultnDay;rSm jzpfygw,f?
102.50 MHZ
a&$ @ ajymif ; tvk y f o rm;awG e J @
ywf o uf w J h
ruf y f
a&'D , d k u d k jref r mtvk y f o rm;wd k i f ; em;qif = uaemf ?
txl ; ojzif h pae ae@eH e uf (11;00 rS 12;00)em&D
rS m aygh ? ae h p Of ruf y f a &'D , d k y H k r S e f xk w f v $ i f h r _ t pD t pOf
eH e uf (07;30 em&D r S n 7;30 em&D d t xd )
(087 849 6545/ 087 308 9680)
*k%fxl;aqmifem,u= a':pef;pef;= (MPU)
2012 atmufwdkbmv tvSL&Sifrsm;pm&if;

(1) a*satpD b D a t- em,u (2)q&mawmf
100 bwf
(2)
(3)
100
100
jref r mrG w f q vif r d w f a qG w pf O D ;

OD ; wd w f E S i f h a':ar=unf
ajym-unf h v k d u f / wk d i f y if - unf h v k d u f a v
bwf
bwf
twdkifyifcH t,f'Dwm ausmfoufaxG;

wm0efcH t,f'Dwm= qefwmuavmhpf
0dkif;awmfom;rsm;
rnf o l r qd k jref r mjynf o m;pmapmif E S i f h ae@opf

tv,f w ef ; ausmif ; /
igwk d @ vrf ; opf t ruausmif ;
twG u f tvS L aiG r sm;/ 0w
0w K / uAsm/ aqmif ; yg; pmrl r sm;/
a0zeft}uHjyK csufrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm aqmif&Gufekdif ygonf? rdrdwdk@

awG @ }uH K &aom tzrf ; tqD ; ES i f h ES d y f p uf c H & r_ ? ted k i f h u sif h c H & r_ owif ;
tcsuf tvuf r sm;ud k v nf ; ay;yd k @ ek d i f y gonf ? zk e f ; om ac:vk d u f y g?
(Tpmapmifudk vpOfykHrSefxkwfa0ekdifa&;twGuf tvSLaiG

rsm; xnf h 0 if = uyg&ef yef = um;tyf y gonf ? Tpmapmif u d k
vpOfrysuf xkwfa0cJhonfrSm ,cktcg 7 ESpf 2 v &Sdyg+yD)
xd k i f ; ed k i f i H a &muf jref r ma&$ @ ajymif ; tvk y f o rm;rsm;taeeJ @ atmuf

azmf jyyg rJ a qmuf a 'otajcpd k u f xd k i f ; tzG J @ tpnf ; qD u d k jref r mbmomeJ @
quf o G , f tul t nD awmif ; cH e d k i f ygw,f ?
Oya'abmif t wG i f ; t}uH O m%f a wmif ; cH e d k i f y gw,f ? xd k i f ; a&S @ aersm;aumif p D /
Oya'taxmuftuljyKXme ( LLC) (081 7860 925)
&J&ifhatmif/ umwGef; 'Jh'dk;
JACBA
r[maZmf(rauG;)/
c/o.. PO.Box (70) "l0H (zkwfz&m;)
Mae Sot, Tak(63110) OD ; ausmf a omif ; (bef a umuf ) /
Thailand
a'vD , m/ ausmf o l & d e f
E-mailwm0ef
[email protected]
,f'Dwm
qefwmuavmh(pf)
[email protected]
Blog- jacbaburma.blogspot.com
Ph- 087 849 6545
Ph087 3089 680 (Dtac)
xd k i f ; -jref r me,f p yf u wd k @ jref r mjynf o m;awG & J @ &k e f ; uef v _ y f

&S m ;r_ e J @ b0tarmaomutyl a wG u d k ae@pOf t opf w if a ewJ h jref r mjynf
om;bavmh * f r S m wuf z wf y g? oif h t wG u f vmjyD vmjyD vmjyD
jrefrmjynfom;bavmh*f?
Ph- 087 849 6545
Blog jacbaburma.blogspot.com / Ph- 087 308 9680
This material has been funded by UKaid from the Department for International Development,
however the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the departments official policies.
T*sme,f u d k UKaid ek d i f i H w um zG H @ +zd K ;wd k ; wuf a &;Xme. yH h y d k ; ul n D r _ j zif h xk w f a 0jcif ; jzpf o nf ? od k @ aomf
T*sme,f w G i f xnf h o G i f ; a&;om;azmf j yxm;csuf r sm;onf Xme. w&m;0if r l 0 g'rsm;ES i f h rnf o d k @ r# ouf q k d i f j cif ; r&S d y g?
pmrsufEmS (22)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
rtdyef idk w
f hJ nwpfnudk ydik o
f mG ;cJw
h _hJ rdK h
(tar&duefjynfaxmifpkrS jyefvnfa&muf&Sdvmaom ekdifiHh*k%faqmif/ jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDacgif;aqmif
a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf n}uD;rd;k csKyf n(10;30) em&DrmS &efuek af vqdyYf }udKqdck =hJ uaom jynfov
l x
l )k

pmrsufEmS (23)
atmufwb
kd mv 2012
[m',ES v H k ; - wc%+yH K ;
** The Joke **
td r f r S m td y f y g
yif v ,f u rf ; ajc tem;,l p cef ; od k @ xG u f c G m rnf h ZeD ; onf u a,muF s m;ud k r S m onf ?
&SiftdrfrSm tdyfaemf aemufae@wGif a,muFsm;u rdef;rxHa=u;eef;pmydk@onf? xrif;yef;uef
b,f r S m vJ rd e f ; rxH r S a=u;eef ; pm csuf c sif ; jyef a &muf v monf ? td r f r S m td y f tajzud k
em;rvnf e k d i f o jzif h ZeD ; onf jyef v monf t xd apmif h & onf ? rd e f ; r/ rif ; ay;wJ h t ajz
igt"d y ` g ,f azmf v d k @ r&bl ; uG rd e f ; ru a,muF s m;ud k td y f c ef ; xJ qG J a c:oG m ;+yD ; td y f & mzH k ; ud k
qG J r vk d u f o nf ? rD ; zd k a csmif o H k ; yef ; uef c G u f a ,muf r sm; tvm;vH k ; ud k awG @ &onf ?
bmtwG u f ar;wmvJ
vl e maqmif x J o d k @ 0wf & H k t jzL0wf x m;aom vl w pf a ,muf 0 if v monf ? vS J a eaom vl e mud k = unf h + yD ; wpf a ,muf
ten;od k @ uyf v mcg ar;onf ? cif A sm;&J @ t&yf t jrif h b,f a vmuf & S d o vJ A s t&yf t jrif h u bmvk y f z d k @ vJ / usaemf h u d k
u,f y g a'guf w m/ usaemf wpf u d k , f v H k ; ae&mtES H @ ud k u f c J a ew,f ? b,f v d k r S cH e k d i f & nf r&S d a wmh y gbl ; cif A sm;? usaemf
q&m0ef r [k w f b l ; vuf o rm;As
pH y ,f c sKd
pmrsufEmS (24)

The Burmese Journal (October-2012)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Burmese Journal (October-2012)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Burmese Journal (October-2012)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

twGJ 10- trSwf 10 Vol 10, No.10 Oct, 2012

vl r _ z l v H k a &;&H y H k a iG r S oef ; acgif ; pm&if ;

xrif ; pm;_yD ; vS s if a &S m if - uOf

xdik ;f Edik if rH mS qufvyk &f rvm;/

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jyD;cJhonfh 1 ESpfcGJ (2011ckESpf/ v orRwOD;odef;pdefeJ@ jrefrmh'Drdkua&pD acgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;

a-omf= olrS rod&SmyJudk;

jref r mjynf o m;rsm;ta&; yl ; wG J v _ y f & S m ;r_ a umf r w

jrefrma&$ hajymif; odapa-umif;

vlr+zlvHka&;&HyHkaiGrS oef;acgif;pm&if; oGif;xm;oltwGuf cHpm;cGifh

The Opportunities for Census members from Social security

jref r mjynf o m;rsm;ta&; yl ; wG J v _ y f & S m ;r_ a umf r w

wJh cGJcGufrsm;rsm;eJ@ }udK;}uD;qGJum &Srf;pdwfaygufb0jrifhum

vlwpfa,muf&J h em&Gufukd acG;udkufcH&jcif;

&ufae@ n 10 em&D ywf0ef;usifavmufrSm tdrfcef; iSm;ae

29/ 9/ 2012 paeae@n 10 em&D0ef;usifavmufrSm

ay;&ygw,f? om;orD; ESpf a,muf&SdwJh uav;taz Frank

acgif ; aqmif q d k w m[m wpf a ,muf x J t wG u f =unf h

jref r mjynf o m;rsm;ta&; yl ; wG J v _ y f & S m ;r_ a umf r w

ygrnf ? vk y f & yf v G J a csmf y if j im;vnf ; tJ h ' D v d k trS m ;rsm;ud k

onf [ k v nf ; rvH k a vmuf ? wu,f a wmh ek d i f i H w k d ; wuf z d k @

'Dvdkjzpfayr,hf usm;udkawmh r,HkouFmrjzpf=uygbl;?

npm twl p m;&onf ? aq;a=um oef @ &S i f ; a&; vk y f & onf ?

Miss International 2012

_ydKifyGJ 0ifwJh tvSr,fav; eef;cifaZ,smta-umif;

vl w wf } uD ; awG v k y f + yD ; &S u f w wf y gOD ; bmnm pojzih f

jref r mjynf o m;rsm;ta&; yl ; wG J v _ y f & S m ;r_ a umf r w

aevd k u f = uygawmh ? tJ ' D r S m qd k rd e f ; rawG v H k v d k u f w mrS

armifwmaw/ ynm,Sd/ &yfod/ &Gmod

jcif;/ pwmawGudk ppfaq;wmygyJ? tjynfjynfqdkif&m r,f

'gqd k usD ; uef ; usawmh a &m b,f v d k a c:wk e f ;

tysKdpifnudk a&mif;_yD; vSLrnfh olav;

wmawwdk@u onfavmuf bmompHku|rf;usif+yD;awmh awmf

vjynf h x G e f ; (e,l ; a';)

jref r mjynf o m;rsm;ta&; yl ; wG J v _ y f & S m ;r_ a umf r w

tm; ,H k = unf v #uf & S d a eqJ j zpf a =umif ; od k @ aomf v nf ; ,ck

cspf w if ; raES m cif E S i f h cspf w if ; aES m +yD ; aemuf ol r &J @

rajym&Javmuf wJh olr&J@ &nf&G,fcsufuawmh

15 &ufae@wGif tqHk; owfrnfh xdkav

tvkyform; or*~rsm; pkaygif;A[dkkH; zGifhrnf

Ak'<bmom0ifrsm;udk wdkufcdkufrl Edkb,fvfqk&Sif a'gufwm ,lEld; ausnmcsufxkwf/ jyef-um;a&;

WE DO, SO WE ARE (JACBA)

0ufarG;ol 0uf pm;cHvkduf&

xdkif;=jrefrme,fpyf a&$qdkifwpfqdkif vk,ufcH&/ a&$ 18 usyfcGJom; ygoGm;/ w&m;cHrrdao;

usif;ycJhjcif;jzpfonf? xdk@twl 2013 ckESpf zDzm ,l-17 abmvHk;+ydKifyJGudk tm&yfapmfbGm;rsm;EkdifiH(,lattD;)Y vmrnhfESpf

pmrsufESm (1) jynfolvdkvm;vSsif orRwwm0ef,lrnf[k a':atmifqef;pk-unfajymrS tquf

pmrsufESm (1) Edkb,fvf_idrf;csrf;a&;qk EU &&Sdtquf

xdkif;EdkifiHtvkyform;umuG,fa&;Oya' bDtD; 2541 yg a&$ hajymif;tvkyform;qdkif&m

2? a&$ajymif;tvkyform;wpfOD;onf 1 ESpfvSsif a&SmifwcifcGifh&uf (u) 1 v (c) 15 &uf (*) 10 &uf (C)

jrefrmEkdifiH ulnDaxmufyHha&; Oya' tar&duefjyXmef;

rufyfa&'D,dk em;qifrvm;/ zGifh-unfhygvm;uG,f

(087 849 6545/ 087 308 9680)

*k%fxl;aqmifem,u= a':pef;pef;= (MPU)

2012 atmufwdkbmv tvSL&Sifrsm;pm&if;

jref r mrG w f q vif r d w f a qG w pf O D ;

twdkifyifcH t,f'Dwm ausmfoufaxG;

rnf o l r qd k jref r mjynf o m;pmapmif E S i f h ae@opf

a0zeft}uHjyK csufrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm aqmif&Gufekdif ygonf? rdrdwdk@

(Tpmapmifudk vpOfykHrSefxkwfa0ekdifa&;twGuf tvSLaiG

xd k i f ; ed k i f i H a &muf jref r ma&$ @ ajymif ; tvk y f o rm;rsm;taeeJ @ atmuf