Basic Hydraulic Symbols

Lines

-continuous line - ow line

-dashed line - pilot, drain -envelope - long and short dashes around two or more component symbols.

Circular

-large circle - pump, motor -small circle - Measuring devices

-semi-circle - rotary actuator

Square

-one square - pressure control function -two or three adjacent squares - directional control

Diamond

-diamond - Fluid conditioner (lter, separator, lubricator, heat exchanger)

Miscellaneous Symbols
-Spring -Flow Restriction

Triangle
-solid - Direction of Hydraulic Fluid Flow -open - Direction of Pnematic ow

Pumps and Compressors

Fixed Displacement hydraulic pump

-unidirectional

-bidirectional

Variable displacement hydraulic pump

-unidirectional -bidirectional

Compressor

Motors
Fixed displacement hydraulic motor

-unidirectional -bidirectional

Variable displacement hydraulic motor

-unidirectional

-bidirectional

Pneumatic motor

-unidirectional

-bidirectional

Rotary Actuator

- hydraulic - pneumatic

Cylinders
Single acting cylinder

-returned byexternal force

-returned by spring or extended by spring force

Double acting cylinders

-single piston rod (uid required to extend and retract) -double ended piston rod

Cylinderswith cushions

- single xed cushon

- double xed cushion

- single adjustable cushion

- double adjustable cushion

Directional Control Valves

Directional control valve (2 ports / 2 positions)

-Normally closed directional control valve with 2 ports and 2 nite positions.

-Normally open directional control valve with 2 ports and 2 nite positions.

Directional control valve (3 ports / 2 positions)

-Normally closed directional control valve with 3 ports and 2 nite positions.

-Normally open directional control valve with 3 ports and 2 nite positions.

Directional control valve (4 ports / 2 positions)

-directional control valve with 4 ports and 2 nite postions

Directional control valve (4 ports / 3 positions)

-directional control valve with 4 ports and 3 nite postions *-(center position can have various ow paths)

Directional control valve (5 ports / 2 positions) Normally a pneumatic valve

-directional control valve with 5 ports and 2 nite postions

Directional control valve (5 ports / 3 positions) Normally a pneumatic valve

-directional control valve with 5 ports and 3 nite postions

Proportional directional control valve Electro-hydraulic servo valve

-The spool positions on these valves is variable allowing for variable ow conditions.

-single-stage direct operation unit which accepts an analog signal and provides a similar analog uid power output

-two-stage with mechnical feedback indirect pilot operation unit which accepts an analog signal and provides a similar analog uid power output

Control Methods
Manual Control

-general symbol (without showing the control type) -pushbutton

-lever -foot pedal

Mechanical Control

-plunger or tracer

-spring -roller

-roller(one direction only)

Electrical Control

-Solenoid (the one winding)

Pilot Operation

-pneumatic

-hydraulic

Pilot operated two-stage valve

-Pneumatic: Sol rst stage -Pneumatic: Air pilot second stage

-Hydraulic: Sol rst stage -Hydraulic: Hyd pilot second stage

Checkvalves, Shuttle valves, Rapid Exhaust valves

-check valve -free ow one direction, blocked ow in other direction

-pilot operated check valve, pilot to close

-pilot operated check valve, pilot to open

Shuttle valve

-to isolate one part of a system from an alternate part of circuit.

Rapid exhaust valve/Pneumatic

-installed close to an actuator for rapid movement of the actuator.

Pressure Control Valves

Pressure Relief Valve(safety valve) normally closed

- line pressure is limited to the setting of the valve, secondary part is directed to tank.

Proportional Pressure Relief

- line pressure is limited to and proportional to an electronic signal

Sequence Valve

- when the line pressure reaches the setting of the valve, valve opens permitting ow to the secondary port. The pilot must be externally drained to tank.

Pressure Reducing valve

- pressure downstream of valve is limited to the setting of the valve

Flow Control Valves

Throttle valve
-adjustable output ow

Flow Control valve

-with xed output (variations in inlet pressure do not affect rate of ow) -with xed output and relief port to reservoir with relief for excess ow (variations in inlet pressure do not affect rate of ow) -with variable output

-xed orice -metered ow toward right free ow to left -pressure compensated ow control xed output ow regardless of load -pressure and temperature compensated

-with variable output and relief port to reservoir

Flow dividing valve

-ow is divided equally to two outputs.

Shut-Off Valve
-Simplied symbol

Accumulators

Filters, Water Traps, Lubricators and Miscellaneous Apparatus

Filter or Strainer

Water Trap

-with manual drain

-with automatic drained

Filter with water trap

-with manual drain

-automatic drain

Air Dryer

refrigerant, or chemical removal of water from compressed air line

Lubricator

-oil vapor is indected into air line

Conditioning unit

-compound symbol of lter, regulator, lubricator unit -Simplied Symbol

Heat Exchangers

-air or water cooled unit designed to remove heat from oil returning to reservoir