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This document discusses the product life-cycle theory, an economic theory that explains the stages of production for a product over time. It identifies five stages: introduction, growth, maturity, saturation, and decline. The location of production depends on the stage, starting with production where the product was invented and gradually moving to other countries based on costs. The stages are defined as: introduction for new products in advanced nations, growth when copy products are made elsewhere, maturity when lowest cost production wins, saturation reaching peak sales, and decline when only poor countries' markets remain.

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18 views3 pages

Advance I.B

This document discusses the product life-cycle theory, an economic theory that explains the stages of production for a product over time. It identifies five stages: introduction, growth, maturity, saturation, and decline. The location of production depends on the stage, starting with production where the product was invented and gradually moving to other countries based on costs. The stages are defined as: introduction for new products in advanced nations, growth when copy products are made elsewhere, maturity when lowest cost production wins, saturation reaching peak sales, and decline when only poor countries' markets remain.

Uploaded by

Afaq Khan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COURSE TITLE: ADVANCE I.

B NAME: SAQIB ISLAM REG#: FA09-BBA-069 SUBMITTED TO: SIR QAZI SHUJAT ASSIGNMENT #: 01 DATE OF SUBMITTIONS: 18/OCT/2012

The product life-cycle theory


The product life-cycle theory is an economic theory that was developed by Raymond Vernon in response to the failure of the Heckscher-Ohlin model to explain the observed pattern of international trade. The theory suggests that early in a product's life-cycle all the parts and labor associated with that product come from the area in which it was invented. After the product becomes adopted and used in the world markets, production gradually moves away from the point of origin. There are five stages in a product's life cycle:

Introduction Growths Maturity Saturation Decline

The location of production depends on the stage of the cycle.

FIGURE: 1

Stage 1: Introduction
New products are introduced to meet local (i.e., national) needs, and new products are first exported to similar countries, countries with similar needs, preferences, and incomes. If we also presume similar evolutionary patterns for all countries, then products are introduced in the most advanced nations

Stage 2: Growth
A copy product is produced elsewhere and introduced in the home country (and elsewhere) to capture growth in the home market. This moves production to other countries, usually on the basis of cost of production

Stage 3: Maturity
The industry contracts and concentratesthe lowest cost producer wins here.

Stage 4: Saturation
This is a period of stability. The sales of the product reach the peak and there is no further possibility to increase it. this stage is characterised by:

Saturation of sales (at the early part of this stage sales remain stable then it starts falling). It continues till substitutes enter into the market.

Stage 5: Decline
Poor countries constitute the only markets for the product. Therefore almost all declining products are produced in developing countries. A better example is textiles.

Reference
1.

^ Hill, Charles (2007). International Business Competing in the Global Marketplace 6th ed.. McGraw-Hill. pp. 168 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_life-cycle_theory http://www.gophoto.it/view.php?i=http://www.witiger.com/internationalbusi ness/plc.gif

2. 3.

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