UNIT - 4

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CONTENTS
* Synopsis
Questions
* Level - 1
* Level - 2
* Level - 3
Answers
* Level - 1
* Level - 2
* Level - 3
e- Learni ng Resources
w w w . m a t h i i t . i n
Indefinite Integration
Material
SYNOPSIS
Indefinite Integration
Mathiit e- Learni ng Res ources [email protected] www.mathiit.in
Definitions And Results
1. If

f & g are functions of

x such that

g(x) = f(x) then ,

f(x)

dx = g(x)

+ c
d
dx
{g(x)+c} = f(x), where c is called the constant of integration.
2. STANDARD RESULTS :
(i)

(ax + b)
n
dx =
( )
( )
ax b
a n
n
+
+
+1
1
+ c n -1 (ii)

dx
ax b +
=
1
a
ln (ax + b) + c
(iii)

e
ax+b
dx =
1
a
e
ax+b
+ c (iv)

a
px+q
dx =
1
p
a
na
px q +
l
(a > 0) + c
(v)

sin (ax

+ b) dx = -
1
a
cos (ax

+ b)

+ c (vi)

cos

(ax

+ b) dx =
1
a
sin (ax

+ b) + c
(vii)

tan(ax

+ b) dx =

1
a

ln sec

(ax

+ b)

+ c (viii)

cot(ax

+

b)

dx =

1
a

ln sin(ax +

b)+ c
(ix)

sec (ax + b) dx =
1
a
tan(ax + b) + c (x)

cosec(ax + b) dx =

1
a
cot(ax + b)+ c
(xi)

sec (ax + b) . tan (ax + b) dx =

1
a
sec (ax + b) + c
(xii)

cosec (ax + b) . cot (ax + b) dx =

1
a
cosec (ax + b) + c
(xiii)

secx dx = ln (secx + tanx) + c OR ln tan

4 2
+

_
,

x
+ c
(xiv)

cosec x dx = ln (cosecx - cotx) + c OR ln tan

x
2
+ c OR - ln (cosecx + cotx)
(xv)

d x
a x
2 2

= sin
-1
x
a
+ c (xvi)

d x
a x
2 2
+
=
1
a
tan
-1
x
a
+ c
(xvii)

d x
x x a
2 2

=
1
a
sec
-1
x
a
+ c
(xviii)

d x
x a
2 2
+
= ln
[ ]
x x a + +
2 2
OR sinh
-1
x
a
+ c
(xix)

d x
x a
2 2

= ln
[ ]
x x a +
2 2
OR cosh
-1
x
a
+ c
(xx)

d x
a x
2 2

=
1
2a
ln
a x
a x
+

+ c (xxi)

d x
x a
2 2

=
1
2a
ln
x a
x a

+
+ c
(xxii)

a x
2 2

dx =
x
2

a x
2 2

+
a
2
2
sin
-1
x
a
+ c
(xxiii)

x a
2 2
+ dx =
x
2
x a
2 2
+ +
a
2
2
sinh
-1
x
a
+ c
xxiv)

x a
2 2
dx =
x
2
x a
2 2
-
a
2
2
cosh
-1
x
a
+ c
(xxv)

e
ax
. sin bx dx =
e
a b
ax
2 2
+
(a sin bx - b cos bx) + c (xxvi)

e
ax
. cos bx dx =
e
a b
ax
2 2
+
(a cos bx + b sin bx) + c
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3. INTEGRALS OF THE TYPE :
(i)

[ f(x)]
n
f (x) dx OR

[ ]
f x
f x
n
( )
( )
dx put f(x) = t & proceed .
(ii)
dx
ax bx c
2
+ +

,
dx
ax bx c
2
+ +

, ax bx c
2
+ +

dx
Express ax
2
+ bx + c in the form of perfect square & then apply the standard results .
(iii)
px q
ax bx c
+
+ +
2
dx ,
px q
ax bx c
+
+ +

2
dx . Express px + q = A (differential co-efficient of denominator) + B .
(iv)

e
x
[f(x) + f (x)] dx = e
x
. f(x) + c
(v)

[f(x) + x f (x)] dx = x f(x) + c

(vi)

d x
x x
n
( ) +1
n

N Take x
n
common & put 1 + x
-n
= t .
(vii)

( )
dx
x x
n
n
n 2
1
1 +
( )
n

N , take x
n
common & put 1+x
-n
= t
n
(viii)
( )
dx
x x
n n
n
1
1
+
/
take x
n
common as

x

and put 1 + x
-n
= t .
(ix)

d x
a b x + sin
2
OR

d x
a b x + cos
2
OR

d x
a x b x x c x sin sin cos cos
2 2
+ +
Multiply Num. & Denom. by sec x & put tan x = t .
(x)

d x
a b x + sin
OR

d x
a b x + cos
OR

d x
a b x c x + + sin cos
Hint :
Convert sines & cosines into their respective tangents of half the angles , put tan
x
2
= t
(xi)

a x b x c
x m x n
. cos .sin
. cos . sin
+ +
+ + l
dx . Express Nr

A(Dr) + B
d
d x
(Dr) + c & proceed .
(xii)

x
x Kx
2
4 2
1
1
+
+ +
dx OR

x
x Kx
2
4 2
1
1

+ +
dx where K is any constant . Divide Nr & Dr by x & proceed
(xiii)
dx
ax b px q ( ) + +

&
( )
dx
ax bx c px q
2
+ + +

; put px + q = t
2
.
(xiv)
dx
ax b px qx r ( ) + + +

2
, put ax + b =
1
t
;
( )
dx
ax bx c px qx r
2 2
+ + + +

, put x =
1
t
(xv)
x
x

dx or ( ) ( ) x x

; put x = a cos
2

+ b sin
2

x
x

dx or ( ) ( ) x x

; put x = a sec
2

- b tan
2

( ) ( )
dx
x x

; put x - a = t
2
or x - b = t
2
.
w w w. m a t h i i t . i n LEVEL - 1 (Objective)
Mathiit e- Learni ng Res ources [email protected] www.mathiit.in
1. If f(x) =
2 2
3
sin sin x x
x

where

x

0 then Limit
x 0
f

(x) has the value ;
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) not defined
2. If 1
2
+

sin
x
dx = A sin

x
4 4

_
,

then value of A is :
(A) 2 2 (B)
2
(C)
1
2
(D) 4
2
3. If y =
( )
dx
x 1
2
3 2
+

/
and y = 0 when x = 0, then value of y

when x = 1

is :
(A)
2
3
(B)
2
(C) 3 2 (D)
1
2
4. If
cos
cot tan
4 1 x
x x
+

dx = A cos 4x + B where A & B are constants, then :

(A) A = -

1/4 & B may have any value (B) A = - 1/8 & B may have any value
(C) A = -

1/2 & B = -

1/4 (D) none of these
5.
dx
x 5 4 +

cos
= I tan
-1
m
x
tan
2

_
,

+ C then :
(A) I = 2/3 (B) m = 3 (C) I = 1/3 (D) m = 2/3
6. Given (a > 0) ,
1
x x
a
log

dx = log
e
a log
e
(log
e
x) is true for :
(A) x > 1 (B) x > e (C) all x R (D) no real x .
7.
( )
cot

1
e
e
x
x
dx is equal to :
(A)
1
2

ln (e
2x
+ 1) -
( )
cot
1
e
e
x
x
+ x + c (B)
1
2

ln (e
2x
+ 1) +
( )
cot
1
e
e
x
x
+ x + c
(C)
1
2

ln (e
2x
+ 1) -
( )
cot
1
e
e
x
x
- x + c (D)
1
2

ln (e
2x
+ 1) +
( )
cot
1
e
e
x
x
- x + c
8.
tan cot
tan cot

1 1
1 1
x x
x x
dx is equal to :
(A)
4

x tan
-1
x +
2

ln (1 + x
2
) - x + c (B)
4

x tan
-1
x -
2

ln (1 + x
2
) + x + c
(C)
4

x tan
-1
x +
2

ln (1 + x
2
) + x + c (D)
4

x tan
-1
x -
2

ln (1 + x
2
) - x + c
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9. If
( )
x
x x
4
2
2
1
1
+
+
dx = A ln |x|

+
B
x 1
2
+
+ c , where c is the constant of integration then
(A) A = 1 ; B = -

1 (B) A = -

1 ; B = 1 (C) A = 1 ; B = 1 (D) A = -

1 ; B = -

1
10.

l
l
n x
x n x
| |
| | 1 +
dx equals :
(A)
2
3
1 + ln x
(ln | x | - 2) + c (B)
2
3
1 + ln x
(ln | x |

+ 2) + c
(C)
1
3
1 + ln x
(ln | x | - 2) + c (D) 2 1 + ln x (3 ln | x | - 2) + c
11. Antiderivative of
sin
sin
2
2
1
x
x +
w.r.t. x is :
(A) x -
2
2
arctan

( )
2 tanx + c (B) x -
1
2
arctan

tan x
2

_
,
+ c
(C) x -
2
arctan

( )
2 tanx + c (D) x - 2 arctan

tan x
2

_
,
+ c
12.

sin x . cos x . cos 2x . cos 4x . cos 8x . cos 16 x dx equals :
(A)
sin 16
1024
x
+ c (B) -
cos 32
1024
x
+ c (C)
cos 32
1096
x
+ c (D) -
cos 32
1096
x
+ c
13.
x x
x
2 2
2
1
+
+

cos
cosec
2
x dx is equal to :
(A) cot x - cot
-1
x + c (B) c - cot x + cot
-1
x
(C) - tan
-1
x -
cos
sec
ec x
x
+ c (D) - e
n x l tan
1
- cot x + c
where 'c' is constant of integration .
14.
3 5
4 5
e e
e e
x x
x x
+

dx = Ax + B ln | 4e
2x
- 5 | + c then :
(A) A = -1, B = -7/8; C = const. of integration
(B) A = 1, B = 7/8; C = const. of integration
(C) A = -1/8, B = 7/8 ; C = const. of integration
(D) A = -1, B = 7/8

; C = const. of integration
15.
x
x x

1
1
1
2
. dx equals :
(A) sin
-1

1
x
+
x
x
2
1
(B)
x
x
2
1
+ cos
-1

1
x
+ c
(C) sec
-1
x

-
x
x
2
1
+ c (D) tan
-1
x
2
1 + -
x
x
2
1
+ c
16.
dx
x x

2
equals :
(A) 2 sin
-1
x + c (B) sin
-1
(2x - 1) + c (C) c - 2 cos
-1
(2x - 1) (D) cos
-1
2
x x
2
+ c
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17.

2
mx
. 3
nx
dx when m, n

N is equal to :
(A)
2 3
2 3
mx nx
m n n n
+
+ l l
+ c (B)
( )
e
m n n n
m n n n x l l
l l
2 3
2 3
+
+
+ c
(C)
( )
2 3
2 3
mx nx
m n
n
.
. l
+ c (D)
( ) mn
m n n n
x x
. . 2 3
2 3 l l +
+ c
18.
dx
x x cos . sin
3
2

equals :
(A)
2
5
(tan x)
5/2
+ 2

tanx + c (B)
2
5
(tan
2
x + 5) tanx + c
(C)
2
5
(tan
2
x + 5) 2tanx + c (D) none
19. If
dx
x x sin cos
3 5

= a

cot x + b

tan
3
x
+ c where c is an arbitrary constant of integration then
the values of a and b are respectively :
(A) -

2 &
2
3
(B) 2 & -

2
3
(C) 2 &
2
3
(D) none
20. If

e
u
. sin 2x dx can be found in terms of known functions of x then u can be :
(A) x (B) sin x (C) cos x (D) cos 2x
21.
cos cos
sin sin
3 5
2 4
x x
x x
+
+

dx :
(A) sin

x - 6 tan
-1
(sin

x) + c (B) sin x - 2 sin
-1
x + c
(C) sin

x - 2 (sin

x)
-1
- 6 tan
-1
(sin x) + c (D) sin

x - 2 (sin

x)
-1
+ 5 tan
-1
(sin

x) + c
22.
ln x
x x
(tan )
sin cos

dx equal :
(A)
1
2
ln
2
(cot x) + c (B)
1
2
ln
2
(sec x) + c
(C)
1
2
ln
2
(sin

x

sec

x) + c (D)
1
2
ln
2
(cos x cosec

x) + c
23.

sec
2
2
4
x

_
,

dx equals :
(A) c

-
1
2
cot 2
4
x +

_
,

(B)
1
2
tan 2
4
x

_
,

+ c
(C)
1
2
(tan 4x - sec 4x) + c (D) none
24. Primitive of
( )
3 1
1
4
4
2
x
x x

+ +
w.r.t. x is :
(A)
x
x x
4
1 + +
+ c (B) -

x
x x
4
1 + +
+ c (C)
x
x x
+
+ +
1
1
4
+ c (D) -

x
x x
+
+ +
1
1
4
+ c
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1.


cos cos
cos
5 4
1 2 3
x x
x
dx
+

2.

cos x . e
x
. x
2
dx 3.

sin( )
sin( )
x a
x a

+
dx
4.

cot
( sin ) (sec )
x dx
x x 1 1 +
5.

cos cot
cos cot
.
sec
sec
ec x x
ec x x
x
x

+
+ 1 2
dx 6.

d x
x x sin sec +
7.

tan x . tan 2x . tan 3x dx 8.

( )
dx
x x sin sin 2 +

9.

x
x x x
2
2
( sin cos ) +
dx
10.

( )
ln x x
x
cos cos
sin
+ 2
2
dx 11.
sin
sin cos
x
x x +

dx 12.

e
x x x
x
x sin
.
cos sin
cos
3
2

dx
13.

( )
d x
a b x + cos
2
(a > b) 14.

cos
sin
2 x
x
dx 15.
cot tan
sin
x x
x

1 3 2
dx
16.
( )
5 4
1
4 5
5
2
x x
x x
+
+ +

dx 17.
( )
dx
x
4
2
1

18.

e
x

( )
x
x
2
2
1
1
+
+ ( )
dx
19.

x x + +
2
2 dx 20.

( )
[ ]
x l n x x
x
2 2
4
1 1 2 + +

1
]
1
1
ln
dx 21.

l n x
x
(ln )
(ln )
+

1
]
1
1
2
dx
22.

( ) ( )
[ ]
dx
x x + 1 2
3 5
1 4 /
23.
( )
dx
x x x x x
3 2 2
3 3 1 2 3 + + + +
24.

( )
( )
ax b dx
x c x ax b
2
2 2 2 2

+
25.

( )
e x
x x
x
2
1 1
2
2

( )
dx 26.

( )
x
x x 7 10
2
3 2

/
dx 27.

( )
x x
x
ln
/
2
3 2
1
dx
28.

1
1
3

+
x
x
dx
x
29.
2 3
2 3
1
1

+
+

x
x
x
x

dx 30.

( )
x
x x
d x
x
+
+ + +
2
3 3 1
2
31.
dx
x x
3 3
1 ( ) +
32.

2
2
2
x x
x
dx 33.

d x
x x x ( ) ( ) ( )
34. Integrate
1
2
f (x) w.r.t. x
4
, where f (x) = tan
-1
x + ln 1+x - ln 1x
w w w. m a t h i i t . i n LEVEL - 2 (Subjective)
w w w. m a t h i i t . i n LEVEL - 3 (Questions asked from previous Engineering Exams)
Mathiit e- Learni ng Res ources
[email protected] www.mathiit.in
1. Find the indefinite integral

[ ] 1
1
1 3 1 4
1 6
1 3 1 2
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
/ /
/
/ /
x x
l n x
x x +
+
+
+

1
]
1
1
dx
2. Evaluate

3 1
1 1
3
x
x x
+
+ ( ) . ( )
dx .
3. Evaluate

f x
x
( )
3
1
dx ; where f(x) is a polynomial of second degree in x such that
f

(0)

=

f

(1)

=

3 f

(2)

=

- 3 .
4. Evaluate ,

cos 2 . ln
cos sin
cos sin


+

d .
5. Evaluate

cos . sin
cos . ( cos )
2 4
1 2
4 2
x x
x x +
dx .
6. Integrate ,
( )
x x
x x
3
2
2
3 2
1 1
+ +
+ +

( )
dx .
7. Let f

(x) =

e
x
(x - 1) (x - 2)

d

x then

f

decreases in the interval :
(A) (-

, 2) (B) (-

2, -

1) (C) (1, 2) (D) (2,

)
8. Evaluate ,

sin
-1

2 2
4 8 13
2
x
x x
+
+ +

_
,

d

x .
1. b
2. d
3. d
4. b
5. a,b
6. b
7. c
8. d
9. c
10. a
11. a
12. b
LEVEL - 1 (Objective questions)
ANSWER KEY
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13. b,c,d
14. d
15. c
16. a,b,d
17. b,c
18. b
19. a
20. c
21. c
22. a,c,d
23. a,b,c
24. b
1.
+ (sin
sin
) x
x 2
2
+ c
2.
1
2
e
x
( )
[ ]
x x x x
2 2
1 1 + cos ( ) . sin + c
3. cos a . arc cos
cos
cos
x
a

_
,

- sin a . ln
( )
sin sin sin x x a +
2 2
+ c
4.
1
2
ln tan
x
2
+
1
4
sec
x
2
+ tan
x
2
+ c
5. sin
-1
1
2 2
2
sec
x

_
,
+ c
6.
1
2 3
3
3
l n
x x
x x
arc x x c
+
+
+ + +
sin cos
sin cos
tan (sin cos )
7.
+

1
]
1
l l l n x n x n x (sec ) (sec ) (sec )
1
2
2
1
3
3
+ c
8. -
1
sin

ln
[ ]
cot cot cot cot cot x x x + + +
2
2 1
+ c
9.
sin cos
sin cos
x x x
x x x
c

+
+
10.
cos
sin
2x
x
- x - cot

x . ln ( ) ( )
e x x cos cos + 2
+ c
11. ln

(1 + t) -
1
4
ln

(1 + t
4
) +
1
2 2
ln
t t
t t
2
2
2 1
2 1
+
+ +
-
1
2
tan
-1
t
2
+ c where t = cot x
12. e
sinx
(x - secx) + c
13.
( )
( )

+
+

+
b x
a b a b x
a
a b
arc
a b
a b
x sin
( cos )
tan . tan
/ 2 2
2 2
3 2
2
2
+ c
14. - ( )
1
2 2
2 1
2 1
1
2
2
2
l l n
x x
x x
n x x
cot cot
cot cot
cot cot

+
+ +

1
]
1
1
+ c
LEVEL - 2 (Subjective Questions)
ANSWER KEY
Mathiit e- Learni ng Res ources [email protected] www.mathiit.in
15. tan
-1

2 2 sin
sin cos
x
x x +

_
,

+ c 16. -
x
x x
+
+ +
1
1
5
+ c
17.
3
8
tan
-1
x -
( )
x
x 4 1
4

-
3
16
ln
x
x

_
,

1
1
+ c 18. e
x

x
x

+
1
1
+ c
19.
1
3

( )
x x + +
2
3 2
2
/
-
( )
2
2
2
1 2
x x + +
/
+ c 20.
( )
x x
x x
2 2
3 2
1 1
9
2 3 1
1
+ +
+

_
,

1
]
1
. ln
21. xln (lnx) -
x
l n x
+ c 22.
4
3
1
2
1 4
x
x
c

_
,
+
/
23.
x x
x
2
2
2 3
8 1
+
+ ( )
+
1
16
. cos
-1
2
1 x +

_
,

+ c 24. sin

_
,
+
1
2
ax b
cx
k
25. e
x
1
1
+

x
x
+ c 26.
2 7 20
9 7 10
2
( ) x
x x
c

+
27
arc x
l n x
x
c sec

+
2
1
28. ln
u
u u
u
c where u
x
x
| |
tan
2
4 2
1
2
3
1
1
3
1 2
3
1
1

+ +
+
+
+

+

29.
( )
8
3
1
2 5
5 1
5 1
1
1 1 2
tan sin

+

+

_
,

1
]
1
1
t n
t
t
x x l
+ c where t =
1
1
+

x
x
30.
2
3 3 1
arc
x
x
c tan
( ) +
+
31.
15 5 2
4 1
2
2
x x
x x
+
+
+
15
8

ln
1 1
1 1
+
+ +
x
x
+ c
32.


+
+

_
,

_
,

2 2
4
4 2 2 2 2 1
3
2 2
1
x x
x
n
x x x
x
x
l sin
+ c
33.

+
2

.
x
x
c
34. - ln

(1

- x
4
)

+

c
Mathiit e- Learni ng Res ources [email protected] www.mathiit.in
1. I = I
1
+ I
2
+ c , where ;
I
y y y y y y y
y n y
1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2
12
8
8
7
28
6
56
5
70
4
56
3
28
2
8 1 + + + +

1
]
1 ; where y = x
1/12
+ 1
( ) I e z e z e z z c
z z z
2
3 2 2
2
2
1
3
9
1
2
18 1 3

_
,

_
,
+ +
; where z = ln (1 + x
1/6
)
2.
1
4
1
1
1
2 1
2
l n
x
x
x
x
c
+

+
( )
3. ln
x x
x
2
1
1
+ +

1
]
1 +
2
3
arctan
2 1
3
x +

1
]
1 + c
4. (b)
1
2

(sin

2

)

ln

cos sin
cos sin


+

_
,
-
1
2

ln (sec

2

) + c
5. 2 ln (1

+

cos 2x) +
2
1 2 + cos x
-

ln (1 + cos
2
2x) +

c
6.
3
2
tan
-1
x -

1
2

ln

(1 + x) +
1
4

ln (1

+

x
2
) +
x
x 1
2
+
+ c
7. C
8. -
3
2

2 2
3
2 2
3
1
2
4 8 13
1 2
x x
x x
+ +
+ +

1
]
1

tan log ( )
LEVEL - 3 (Questions asked from previous Engineering Exams)
ANSWER KEY
Mathiit e- Learni ng Res ources [email protected] www.mathiit.in