Chapter 1

Mathematical Tables and Units and

Systems of Weights and Measures
Philip

Franklin,

L.E. Barbrow.

Massachusetts
Inst.of Technology*
U.S. Nat].Bureau of Standards

Contents

Compound

Mathematical Tables
By PhilipFranklin
Numbers
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Circles

1 .l-Squares
I.2-Gibes
1.3-Square
Roots
1.4-Cube Roots
1.5-Three-Halves Pow&
1.6--Reciprocals

Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Spheres

1.7-Circumferences by Hundredths
1.8-Areas by Hundredths
1.9-Circumferences and Areas by Eighths
1 .lO-Areas in Square Feet
1 .ll-Segments, Given h/c ...............
1.12-Segments. Given h/D ................

Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table

: :: :: ::: :: : ::::

I-2
I-7
.i-ii
l-14
:l-19
1-21
l-24
.I-26
l-28
I-30
l-31
1-32

1.13-Segments
1-33
.........................
1,14-Volumes by Hundredths .............. 1-34
1 .I5-Regular Polygons ..................
l-36
1.16--Binomial Coefficients...............
1-37
1,17-Common
Logarithms (1.OO to 2.00)
1-38
I .18-Common
Loqarithms
I-40
1.19-Degrees and-Minutes in Radians ....... l-42
1.20--Radians in Degrees ...... .........
1-43
1.21-Natural Sines and Cosines
l-44
1.22-Natural Tangents and Cotangents
l-46
1.23-Natural Secants and Cosecants
l-48
1.24-Trigonometric Functions ...........
I-50
1.25-Exponentials ...........
........... 1-55
1.26-Natural Logarithms
I-56
1.27-Hyperbolic Sines
1-58
1.28-Hyperbolic Cosines : : : : : : : : : : : : :
1-59
1.29-Hyperbolic Tangents
I-60
1.30-Multiples of 0.4343
l-60
1.31-Multiples of 2.3026
I-60
1.32-Standard Distribution
of Residuals
:
I-61
1.33-Factors for Computing Probable Error
1-61

This chapter I the 1962 edMn

Judson (both deceased)

was written by Ph,l,p Franklm

and Laws

Interest

Table 1.34-Amount
of a Given Principal
Table 1.35-Amount
of an Annuity
Table 1.36-Principal Amounting to a Given Sum
Annuities
Table 1.37-Amountino to a Given Sum
(Sinking Fund)
y.,
Table 1.38-Present Worth
Table 1.39-Provided for by a Given Capital
Table 1.40-Decimal Equivalents

I-62
l-63
l-64

l-65
l-66
1-66
l-67

Units and Systems of Weights

and Measures
by L.E. Barbrow
Conversion Tables
Table 1.41-Length Equivalents
Table 1.42-Conversion of Lengths
:: : :::
Table 1.43-Common
Fractionsof an Inch
to Millimeters
Table 1.44-Decimals of an Inch to Millimeters
Table 1.4%Millimeters to Decimals of an Inch
Table 1.46-Area
Equivalents
Table 1.47-Volume and Capacity Equivalents
Table1.48-Areas
Table 1.49-Volumes
or Cubic Meters
Table 1.50-Volumes or Capacities
:::
Table 1.51-Mass
Equivalents
Table 1.52-Masses
.,,..
Table 1.53-Velocity Equivalents
Table 1.54-Linear and Angular Velocities : : :
Table 1.55--Pressures
Table 1.56-Pressure Eauivalents
..
Table 1.57-Energy or Work Equivalents
Table 1.58-Energy, Work, Heat
Table 1.59-Pow&
Equivalents
Table 1.60-Power
.. ,
Table 1.61--Density Equivalents
Table 1.62-Thermal Conductivity
Table 1.63-Thermal
Conductance
::
Table 1.64-Heat Flow
Table 1.65-Relative DensitiesCorrespondtng to
OAPI and Weights per U.S. Gallon

1-71
I-71
I-72
l-72
I-72
l-73
I-73
I-74
l-74
I-74
l-75
I-75
l-76
I-76
l-76
l-77
l-77
I-78
I-78
l-78
l-79
l-79
I-79
I-79
l-80

PETROLEUM

l-2

TABLE 1 .I -SQUARES

ENGINEERING

OF NUMBERS

1.000
1.020
1.040
1.081
1.082

1.002
1.022
1.042
1.083
1.084

1.004
1.024
1.044
1.065
1.086

1.006
1.026
I.047
1.087
1.088

1.008
1.028
1.049
1.089
1.090

1.010
1.030
1.051
1.071
1.092

1.012
1.032
1.053
1.073
1.094

1.014
1.034
1.055
1.075
1.096

1.018
1.036
1.057
1.077
1.098

1.018
1.038
1.059
1.080
1.100

1.102
1.124
1.145
1.188

1.105
1.128
1.147
1.189
1.190

1.107
1.128
1.149
1.171
1.192

1.109
1.130
1.151
1.173
1.195

1.111
1.132
1.153
1.175
1.197

1.113
1.134
1.156
1.177
1.199

1.115
1.138
1.158
1.179
1.201

1.117
1.138
1.160
1.182
1.203

1.119
1.141
1.162
1.184
1.206

1.121
1.143
1.184
1.186
1.208

1.210
1.232
1.254
1.277
1.300

1.212
1.234
1.257
1.279
1.302

1.214
1.237
1.259
1.281
1.304

1.217
1.239
1.281
1.284
1.306

1.219
1.241
1.263
1.286
1.309

1.221
1.243
1.266
1.288
1.311

1.223
1.245
1.268
1.290
1.313

1.225
1.248
1.270
1.293
1.316

1.228
1.250
1.272
1.295
1.318

1.230
1.252
1.275
1.297
1.320

1.322
1.346
1.369
1.392
1.416

1.325
1.348
1.371
1.395
1.418

1.327
1.350
1.374
1.397
1.421

1.329
1.353
1.376
1.399
1.423

1.332
1.355
1.378
1.402
1.426

1.334
1.357
1.381
1.404
1.428

1.336
1.360
1.383
1.407
1.430

1.339
1.362
1.385
1.409
1.433

1.341
1.364
1.388
1.411
1.435

1.343
1.387
1.390
1.414
1.438

1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24

1.440
1.484
1.488
1.513
1.538

1.442
1.467
1.491
1.515
1.540

1.445
1.469
1.493
1.518
1.543

1.447
1.471
1.496
1.520
1.545

1.450
1.474
1.498
1.523
1.548

1.452
1.476
1.501
1.525
1.550

1.454
1.479
1.503
1.528
1.553

1.457
1.481
1.506
1.530
1.555

1.459
1.484
1.508
1.533
1.558

1.462
1.486
1.510
1.535
1.560

1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29

1.582
1.588
1.813
1.638
1.684

1.585
1.590
1.815
1.641
1.667

1.568
1.593
1.618
1.644
1.669

1.570
1.595
1.821
1.648
1.672

1.573
1.596
1.823
1.849
1.874

1.575
1.6OC
1.626
1.651
1.677

1.578
1.803
1.628
1.654
1.680

1.580
1.805
1.831
1.658
1.682

1.583
1.606
1.833
1.659
1.685

1.585
1.610
1.838
1.862
1.887

1.30

1.690
1.716
1.742
1.769
1.796

1.893
1.719
1.745
1.772
1.798

1.695
1.721
1.748
1.774
1.801

1.898
1.724
1.750
1.777
1.804

1.700
1.727
1.753
1.780
1.806

1.703
1.729
1.756
1.782
1.809

1.708
1.732
1.758
1.785
1.812

1.708
1.734
1.761
1.788
1.814

1.711
1.737
1.764
1.790
1.617

1.713
1.74c
1.766
1.793
1.820

1.822
1.850
1.877
1.904
1.932

1.825
1.852
1.880
1.907
1.935

1.828
1.855
1.882
1.910
1.938

1.831
1.858
1.885
1.913
1.940

1.833
1.880
1.888
1.915
1.943

1.836
1.863
1.891
1.918
1.946

1.839
1.886
1.893
1.921
1.949

1.841
1.889
1.896
1.924
1.952

1.844
1.871
1.899
1.927
1.954

1.847
1.874
1.902
1.929
1.957

1.960
1.988
2.016
2.045
2.074

1.963
1.991
2.019
2.048
2.076

1.966
1.994
2.022
2.051
2.079

1.968
1.997
2.025
2.053
2.082

1.971
1.999
2.028
2.056
2.085

1.974
2.002
2.031
2.059
2.088

1.977
2.005
2.033
2.062
2.091

1.980
2.008
2.036
2.065
2.094

1.982
2.011
2.039
2.068
2.097

1.985
2.014
2.042
2.071
2.100

2.102
2.132
2.181
2.190
2.220

2.105
2.135
2.164
2.193
2.223

2.108
2.137
2.187
2.198
2.226

2.111
2.140
2.170
2.199
2.229

2.114
2.143
2.173
2.202
2.232

2.117
2.146
2.176
2.205
2.235

2.120
2.149
2.179
2.208
2.238

2.123
2.152
2.182
2.211
2.241

2.126
2.15"
2.184
2.214
2.244

2.129
2.158
2.187
2.217
2.247

2.250
2.280
2.310
2.341
2.372

2.253
2.283
2.313
2.344
2.375

2.258
2.286
2.316
2.347
2.378

2.259
2.289
2.320
2.350
2.381

2.282
2.292
2.323
2.353
2.384

2.285
2.295
2.326
2.356
2.387

2.268
2.298
2.329
2.359
2.390

2.271
2.301
2.332
2.362
2.393

2.274
2.304
2.335
2.385
2.396

2.277
2.307
2.338
2.389
2.399

2.402
2.434
2.465
2.496
2.528

2.406
2.437
2.488
2.500
2.531

2.409
2.440
2.471
2.503
2.534

2.412
2.443
2.474
2.506
2.538

2.415
2.448
2.477
2.509
2.541

2.418
2.449
2.481
2.512
2.544

2.421
2.452
2.484
2.515
2.547

2.424
2.455
2.487
2.519
2.550

2.427
2.459
2.490
2.522
2.554

2.430
2.462
2.493
2.525
2.557

1.05
1.08
1.07
1.08
1.09

1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14

1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19

1.20

1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34

1.35
1.38
1.37
1.38

1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44

1.45
1.48
1.47
1.48
1.49

1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54

1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59

1.166

HANDBOOK

Average
Difference
2

Exolanation of Table of Souares

This tablegivesthe value of N2 forvalues of N from 1 to 10, correctto fourfigures.(Interpolated
values may be in error
by 1 in the fourthfigure.)
To findthe square of a number N outside the range from 1 to 10, note that moving the decimal point one place in
Column N is equivalent to moving it two places in the body of the table. For example, (3.217)'=10.35,
(0.03217)'=0.001035, and (3,217)'=10,035,000.
This table also can be used inverselyto give square roots.

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS & SYSTEMS

TABLE

OF WEIGHTS

l.l-SQUARES

& MEASURES

1-3

OF NUMBERS(continued)

1.60
1.61
1.62
1.83
1.84

2.560
2.592
2.824
2.657
2.690

2.583
2.595
2.828
2.680
2.693

2.566
2.599
2.631
2.683
2.696

2.570
2.602
2.634
2.667
2.899

2.573
2.805
2.637
2.670
2.703

2.576
2.608
2.641
2.673
2.706

2.579
2.811
2.644
2.676
2.709

2.582
2.815
2.647
2.680
2.713

2.586
2.818
2.650
2.883
2.716

2.589
2.621
2.654
2.688
2.719

1.65
1.88
1.87
1.88
1.89

2.722
2.758
2.789
2.822
2.856

2.726
2.759
2.792
2.828
2.859

2.729
2.762
2.796
2.829
2.863

2.732
2.768
2.799
2.832
2.866

2.738
2.789
2.802
2.836
2.870

2.739
2.772
2.806
2.839
2.873

2.742
2.776
2.809
2.843
2.876

2.748
2.779
2.812
2.848
2.880

2.749
2.782
2.816
2.849
2.883

2.752
2.788
2.819
2.853
2.887

1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74

2.890
2.924
2.958
2.993
3.028

2.893
2.928
2.962
2.996
3.031

2.897
2.931
2.965
3.000
3.035

2.900
2.934
2.989
3.003
3.038

2.904
2.938
2.972
3.007
3.042

2.907
2.941
2.978
3.010
3.045

2.910
2.945
2.979
3.014
3.049

2.914
2.948
2.983
3.017
3.052

2.917
2.952
2.986
3.021
3.058

2.921
2.955
2.989
3.024
3.059

1.75
1.78
1.77
1.78
1.79

3.082
3.098
3.133
3.188
3.204

3.066
3.101
3.138
3.172
3.208

3.070
3.105
3.140
3.176
3.211

3.073
3.108
3.144
3.179
3.215

3.077
3.112
3.147
3.183
3.218

3.080
3.115
3.151
3.186
3.222

3.084
3.119
3.154
3.190
3.226

3.087
3.122
3.158
3.193
3.229

3.091
3.126
3.161
3.197
3.233

3.094
3.129
3.165
3.201
3.236

1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84

3.240
3.276
3.312
3.349
3.386

3.244
3.280
3.316
3.353
3.389

3.247
3.283
3.320
3.356
3.393

3.251
3.287
3.323
3.360
3.397

3.254
3.291
3.327
3.364
3.400

3.258
3.294
3.331
3.367
3.404

3.262
3.298
3.334
3.371
3.408

3.285
3.301
3.338
3.375
3.411

3.289
3.305
3.342
3.378
3.415

3.272
3.309
3.345
3.382
3.419

1.85
1.88
1.87
1.88
1.89

3.422
3.480
3.497
3.534
3.572

3.426
3.463
3.501
3.538
3.578

3.430
3.467
3.504
3.542
3.580

3.434
3.471
3.508
3.546
3.583

3.437
3.474
3.512
3.549
3.587

3.441
3.478
3.516
3.553
3.591

3.445
3.482
3.519
3.557
3.595

3.448
3.486
3.523
3.561
3.599

3.452
3.489
3.527
3.565
3.602

3.458
3.493
3.531
3.566
3.606

1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94

3.610
3.648
3.888
3.725
3.784

3.614
3.652
3.890
3.729
3.787

3.618
3.656
3.694
3.733
3.771

3.821
3.680
3.698
3.738
3.775

3.825
3.663
3.702
3.740
3.779

3.829
3.667
3.706
3.744
3.783

3.833
3.671
3.709
3.748
3.787

3.837
3.675
3.713
3.752
3.791

3.640
3.679
3.717
3.758
3.795

3.844
3.683
3.721
3.760
3.799

1.95
1.98
1.97
1.98
1.99

3.802
3.842
3.881
3.920
3.960

3.806
3.846
3.885
3.924
3.964

3.810
3.849
3.889
3.928
3.968

3.814
3.853
3.893
3.932
3.972

3.818
3.857
3.897
3.936
3.976

3.822
3.861
3.901
3.940
3.960

3.826
3.865
3.905
3.944
3.984

3.830
3.869
3.909
3.948
3.988

3.834
3.873
3.912
3.952
3.992

3.838
3.877
3.916
3.956
3.996

2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04

4.000
4.040
4.080
4.121
4.162

4.004
4.044
4.084
4.125
4.186

4.008
4.048
4.088
4.129
4.170

4.012
4.052
4.093
4.133
4.174

4.016
4.056
4.097
4.137
4.178

4.020
4.060
4.101
4.141
4.182

4.024
4.064
4.105
4.145
4.188

4.028
4.068
4.109
4.149
4.190

4.032
4.072
4.113
4.153
4.194

4.036
4.076
4.117
4.158
4.198

2.05
2.08
2.07
2.08
2.09

4.202
4.244
4.285
4.328
4.388

4.207
4.248
4.289
4.331
4.372

4.211
4.252
4.293
4.335
4.378

4.215
4.258
4.297
4.339
4.381

4.219
4.280
4.301
4.343
4.385

4.223
4.284
4.306
4.347
4.389

4.227
4.268
4.310
4.351
4.393

4.231
4.272
4.314
4.358
4.397

4.235
4.277
4.318
4.360
4.402

4.239
4.281
4.322
4.364
4.406

2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14

4.410
4.452
4.494
4.537
4.580

4.414
4.458
4.499
4.541
4.584

4.418
4.461
4.503
4.545
4.588

4.423
4.465
4.507
4.550
4.592

4.427
4.469
4.511
4.554
4.597

4.431
4.473
4.516
4.558
4.801

4.435
4.477
4.520
4.562
4.605

4.439
4.482
4.524
4.587
4.610

4.444
4.486
4.528
4.571
4.814

4.448
4.490
4.533
4.575
4.618

2.15
2.18
2.17
2.18
2.19

4.622
4.886
4.709
4.752
4.796

4.627
4.670
4.713
4.757
4.800

4.831
4.674
4.716
4.761
4.805

4.635
4.679
4.722
4.765
4.809

4.640
4.683
4.728
4.770
4.814

4.844
4.887
4.731
4.774
4.818

4.648
4.692
4.735
4.779
4.822

4.653
4.696
4.739
4.783
4.827

4.857
4.700
4.744
4.787
4.831

4.661
4.705
4.748
4.792
4.836

=9.66960;

l/r2

=0.101321,

e2 =7.38906.

x2 =9.669w;

(T/z)*

=2.46740;

l/n2

Average
Difference
3

=0.101321.

(continued

on next page)

I-4

PETROLEUM

TABLEl.l-SQUARES

ENGINEERING

HANDBOOK

OF NUMBERS(continued)

Average
Difference

4.853
4.897
4.942
4.986
5.031

4.858
4.902
4.948
4.991
5.036

4.882
4.906
4.951
4.995
5.040

4.888
4.911
4.955
5.000
5.045

4.871
4.915
4.960
5.004
5.049

4.875
4.920
4.964
5.009
5.054

4.880
4.924
4.988
5.013
5.058

5.072
5.117
5.162
5.208
5.253

5.076
5.121
5.167
5.212
5.258

5.081
5.128
5.171
5.217
5.262

5.085
5.130
5.176
5.221
5.267

5.090
5.135
5.180
5.226
5.272

5.094
5.139
5.185
5.230
5.276

5.099
5.144
5.189
5.235
5.281

5.103
5.148
5.194
5.240
5.285

5.295
5.341
5.387
5.434
5.480

5.299
5.345
5.392
5.438
5.485

5.304
5.350
5.396
5.443
5.490

5.308
5.355
5.401
5.448
5.494

5.313
5.359
5.408
5.452
5.499

5.318
5.364
5.410
5.457
5.504

5.322
5.388
5.415
5.482
5.508

5.327
5.373
5.420
5.488
5.513

5.331
5.378
5.424
5.471
5.518

5.522
5.570
5.871
5.884
5.712

5.527
5.574
5.822
5.889
5.717

5.532
5.579
5.626
5.674
5.722

5.537
5.584
5.631
5.879
5.726

5.541
5.588
5.636
5.883
5.731

5.548
5.593
5.641
5.688
5.738

5.551
5.598
5.645
5.693
5.741

5.555
5.603
5.650
5.698
5.746

5.580
5.807
5.855
5.703
5.750

5.565
5.612
5.660
5.707
5.755

2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44

5.780
5.808
5.856
5.905
5.954

5.785
5.813
5.861
5.910
5.958

5.770
5.818
5.866
5.915
5.963

5.774
5.823
5.871
5.919
5.988

5.779
5.827
5.876
5.924
5.973

5.784
5.832
5.881
5.929
5.978

5.789
5.837
5.885
5.934
5.983

5.794
5.842
5.890
5.939
5.988

5.798
5.847
5.895
5.944
5.993

5.803
5.852
5.900
5.949
5.998

2.45
2.48
2.47
2.48
2.49

8.002
8.502
8.101
6.150
6.200

6.007
6.057
6.108
6.155
6.205

6.012
6.061
6.111
6.180
6.210

6.017
6.088
6.116
6.185
6.215

6.022
8.071
6.121
8.170
6.220

6.027
6.078
6.126
8.175
6.225

6.032
8.081
6.131
6.180
6.230

6.037
6.086
6.136
6.185
6.235

6.042
6.091
6.140
6.190
6.240

6.047
6.096
6.145
8.195
6.245

2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54

8.250
8.300
6.350
6.401
6.452

6.255
6.305
6.355
6.406
6.457

6.260
6.310
6.380
6.411
6.462

8.265
8.315
8.366
8.416
8.467

6.270
6.320
8.371
8.421
6.472

6.275
6.325
6.378
6.428
6.477

6.280
6.330
8.381
8.431
8.482

6.285
6.335
6.388
8.438
6.487

6.290
8.340
6.391
6.441
8.492

6.295
6.345
6.396
6.447
6.497

2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59

8.502
6.554
6.605
6.656
6.708

6.508
8.559
8.810
6.862
8.713

6.513
6.564
6.815
6.667
6.718

8.518
6.569
8.620
8.672
6.724

8.523
8.574
8.625
8.677
8.729

6.528
6.579
6.831
6.882
6.734

8.533
8.584
6.636
6.687
6.739

8.538
6.589
8.641
8.693
8.744

8.543
6.595
8.848
8.698
8.750

6.548
6.600
8.651
8.703
6.755

2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64

6.780
6.812
6.884
6.917
6.970

8.765
8.817
8.870
6.922
8.975

6.770
6.323
6.375
6.927
f5.980

8.776
8.828
8.880
6.933
8.985

8.781
8.833
8.885
6.938
8.991

6.788
6.838
6.891
6.943
6.996

6.791
6.843
6.896
6.948
7.001

8.798
6.849
6.901
6.954
7.007

8.802
8.854
8.906
6.959
7.012

8.807
8.859
6.912
6.964
7.017

2.65
2.68
2.87
2.68
2.89

7.022
7.076
7.129
7.182
7.238

7.028
7.081
7.134
7.188
7.241

7.033
7.086
i.140
7.193
7.247

7.038
7.092
7.145
7.198
7.252

7.044
7.097
7.150
7.204
7.258

7.049
7.102
7.158
7.209
7.263

7.054
7.108
7.161
7.215
7.288

7.060
7.113
7.166
7.220
7.274

7.085
7.118
7.172
7.225
7.279

7.070
7.124
7.177
7.231
7.285

2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74

7.290
7.344
7.398
7.453
7.508

7.295
7.350
7.404
7.458
7.513

7.301
7.355
7409
7.484
7.519

7.306
7.360
7.415
7.469
7.524

7.312
7.366
7.420
7.475
7.530

7.317
7.371
7.426
7.480
7.535

7.322
7.377
7.431
7.486
7.541

7.328
7.382
7.437
7.491
7.546

7.333
7.388
7.442
7.497
7.552

7.339
7.393
7.447
7.502
7.557

2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79

7.562
7.618
7.673
7.728
7.784

7.588
7.623
7.678
7.734
7.790

7.574
7.629
7.884
7.740
7.795

7.579
7.634
7.690
7.745
7.801

7.585
7.840
7.895
7.751
7.806

7.590
7.645
7.701
7.756
7.812

7.596
7.851
7.708
7.782
7.818

7.801
7.656
7.712
7.767
7.823

7.607
7.662
7.717
7.773
7.829

7.812
7.867
7.723
7.779
7.834

N
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24

4.840
4.884
4.928
4.973
5.018

4.844
4.889
4.933
4.977
5.022

4.849
4.893
4.937
4.982
5.027

2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29

5.062
5.108
5.153
5.198
5.244

5.067
5.112
5.157
5.203
5.249

2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34

5.290
5.338
5.382
5.429
5.478

2.35
2.38
2.37
2.38
2.39

r=966960.

-In2

=0.101321,

e2 =7389X

r2=9.86960,

(n/2)*

=2.46740.

l/n2

=0 101321

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS

& SYSTEMS

OF WEIGHTS

TABLE l.l-SQUARES

& MEASURES

l-5

OF NUMBERS (continued)

7.857
7.913
7.969
8.026
8.083

7.862
7.919
7.975
8.032
8.088

7.868
7.924
7.981
8.037
8.094

7.874
7.930
7.986
8.043
8.100

7.879
7.935
7.992
8.049
8.105

7.885
7.941
7.998
8.054
8.111

7.890
7.947
6.003
8.060
8.117

8.140

8.151
8.208
8.266
8.323
8.381

8.157
8.214
8.271
8.329
8.387

6.162
8.220
8.277
8.335
8.393

8.168
8.225
8.283
8.341
8.398

8.174
8.231
8.289
8.346
8.404

2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84

7.840
7.896
7.952
8.009
8.066

7.646
7.902
7.958
8.015
8.071

7.851
7.907
7.964
8.020
8.077

2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89

8.122
8.180
8.237
8.294
8.352

8.128
8.185
6.243
8.300
8.358

8.134
8.191
8.248
8.306
8.384

8.254
8.312
8.369

8.145
8.202
8.260
8.317
8.375

2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94

8.410
8.468
8.526
8.585
8.644

8.416
8.474
8.532
8.591
8.649

8.422
8.480
8.538
8.597
8.655

6.427
8.486
8.544
8.602
8.661

8.433
8.491
8.550
8.606
8.667

8.439
8.497
8.556
8.614
8.673

8.445
8.503
8.561
8.820
8.679

8.451
8.509
8.567
8.626
8.885

8.456
8.515
8.573
8.632
8.691

8.462
8.521
8.579
8.638
8.697

2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99

8.702
8.762
8.821
8.880
8.940

8.708
8.768
8.827
8.886
8.946

8.714
8.773
8.833
8.892
8.952

8.720
8.779
8.839
8.898
8.958

8.726
8.785
8.845
8.904
8.964

8.732
8.791
8.851
8.910
8.970

8.738
8.797
8.857
8.916
8.976

8.744
8.803
8.863
8.922
8.982

8.750
8.809
8.868
8.928
8.988

8.756
8.815
8.874
8.934
8.994

3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04

9.000
9.060
9.120
9.181
9.242

9.006
9.066
9.126
9.187
9.248

9.012
9.072
9.132
9.193
9.254

9.018
9.078
9.139
9.199
9.260

9.024
9.084
9.145
9.205
9.266

9.030
9.090
9.151
9.211
9.272

9.036
9.096
9.157
9.217
9.278

9.042
9.102
9.163
9.223
9.284

9.048
9.108
9.169
9.229
9.290

9.054
9.114
9.175
9.236
9.296

3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09

9.302
9.364
9.425
9.486
9.548

9.309
9.370
9.431
9.493
9.554

9.315
9.376
9.437
9.499
9.560

9.321
9.382
9.443
9.505
9.567

9.327
9.388
9.449
9.511
9.573

9.333
9.394
9.456
9.517
9.579

9.339
9.400
9.462
9.523
9.585

9.345
9.406
9.468
9.530
9.591

9.351
9.413
9.474
9.536
9.598

9.357
9.419
9.480
9.542
9.604

3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14

9.610
9.672
9.734
9.797
9.860

9.616
9.678
9.741
9.803
9.866

9.622
9.685
9.747
9.809
9.872

9.629
9.691
9.753
9.816
9.878

9.635
9.697
9.759
9.822
9.885

9.641
9.703
9.766
9.828
9.891

9.647
9.709
9.772
9.834
9.897

9.653
9.716
9.778
9.841
9.904

9.660
9.722
9.784
9.847
9.910

9.666
9.728
9.791
9.853
9.916

3.15
3.16

9.922
9.986

9.929
9.992

9.935
9.998

9.941
10.005

9.948

9.954

9.960

9.967

9.973

9.979

8.197

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

10.24
10.89
11.56

10.30
10.96
11.63

10.37
11.02
11.70

10.43
11.09
11.76

10.50
11.16
11.83

10.56
11.22
11.90

9.99
10.63
11.29
11.97

10.05
10.69
11.36
12.04

10.11
10.76
11.42
12.11

10.18
10.82
11.49
12.18

3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

12.25
1296
13.69
1444
15.21

12.32
13.03
13.76
14.52
15.29

12.39
13.10
13.84
14.59
15.37

12.46
13.18
13.91
14.67
15.44

12.53
13.25
13.99
14.75
15.52

12.60
13.32
14.06
14.82
15.60

12.87
13.40
14.14
14.90
15.68

12.74
13.47
14.21
14.98
15.76

12.82
13.54
14.29
15.05
15.84

12.89
13.62
14.36
15.13
15.92

4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

16.00
16.81
17.64
18.49
19.36

16.08
16.89
17.72
18.58
19.45

16.16
16.97
17.81
18.66
19.54

16.24
17.06
17.89
18.75
19.62

16.32
17.14
17.98
18.84
19.71

16.40
17.22
18.06
18.92
19.80

16.48
17.31
18.15
19.01
19.89

16.56
17.39
18.23
19.10
19.98

16.65
17.47
18.32
19.18
20.07

16.73
17.56
18.40
19.27
20.16

4.5
4.6
4.7
4.6
4.9

20.25
21.16
22.09
23.04
24.01

20.34
21.25
22.18
23.14
24.11

20.43
21.34
22.28
23.23
24.21

20.52
21.44
22.37
23.33
24.30

20.61
21.53
22.47
23.43
24.40

20.70
21.62
22.56
23.52
24.50

20.79
21.72
22.66
23.62
24.60

20.88
21.81
22.75
23.72
24.70

20.98
21.90
22.85
23.81
24.80

21.07
22.00
22.94
23.91
24.90

5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

25.00
26.01
27.04
28.09
29.16

25.10
26.11
27.14
28.20
29.27

25.20
26.21
27.25
28.30
29.38

25.30
26.32
27.35
28.41
29.48

25.40
26.42
27.46
28.52
29.59

25.50
26.52
27.56
28.62
29.70

25.60
26.63
27.67
28.73
29.81

25.70
26.73
27.77
28.84
29.92

2581
26.83
27.88
28.94
30.03

25.91
26.94
27.98
29.05
30.14

r2

=986960.

l/r2

=0101321.e2=736906

r2 =9.66960.

(T/Z)~ =2.46740.

l/n2

Average
Difference
6

10

11

=o 101321

(contmued

on next page)

l-6

PETROLEUM

TABLE l.l-SQUARES

ENGINEERINGHANDBOOK

OF NUMBERS (continued)

5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9

30.25
31.36
32.49
33.64
34.81

30.36
31.47
32.60
33.76
34.93

30.47
31.58
32.72
33.87
35.05

30.58
31.70
32.83
33.99
35.16

30.69
31.81
32.95
34.11
35.28

30.80
31.92
33.06
34.22
35.40

30.91
32.04
33.18
34.34
35.52

31.02
32.15
33.29
34.46
35.64

31.14
32.26
33.41
34.57
35.76

31.25
32.38
33.52
34.69
35.88

6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4

36.00
37.21
38.44
39.69
40.96

36.12
37.33
38.56
41.09

36.24
37.45
38.69
39.94
41.22

36.36
37.58
38.81
40.07
41.34

36.48
37.70
38.94
40.20
41.47

36.60
37.82
39.06
40.32
41.60

36.72
37.95
39.19
40.45
41.73

36.84
38.07
39.31
40.58
41.86

36.97
38.19
39.44
40.70
41.99

37.09
38.32
39.56
40.83
42.12

6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9

42.25
43.56
44.89
46.24
47.61

42.38
43.69
45.02
46.38
47.75

42.51
43.82
45.16
46.51
47.89

42.64
43.96
45.29
46.65
48.02

42.77
44.09
45.43
46.79
48.16

42.90
44.22
45.56
46.92
48.30

43.03
44.36
45.70
47.06
48.44

43.16
44.49
45.83
47.20
48.58

43.30
44.62
45.97
47.33
48.72

43.43
44.76
46.10
47.47
48.86

7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4

49.00
50.41
51.84
53.29
54.76

49.14
50.55
51.98
53.44
54.91

49.28
50.69
52.13
53.58
55.06

49.42
50.84
52.27
53.73
55.20

49.56
50.98
52.42
53.88
55.35

49.70
51.12
52.56
54.02
55.50

49.84
51.27
52.71
54.17
55.65

49.98
51.41
52.85
54.32
55.80

50.13
51.55
53.00
54.46
55.95

50.27
51.70
53.14
54.61
56.10

7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9

56.25
57.76
59.29
60.84
62.41

56.40
57.91
59.44
61.00
6257

56.55
58.06
59.60
61.15
62.73

56.70
58.22
59.75
61.31
62.88

56.85
58.37
59.91
61.47
63.04

57.00
58.52
60.06
61.62
63.20

57.15
58.68
60.22
61.78
63.36

57.30
58.83
60.37
61.94
63.52

57.46
58.98
60.53
82.09
83.68

57.61
59.14
60.68
62.25
63.84

8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4

64.00
65.61
67.24
68.89
70.56

64.16
65.77
67.40
69.06
70.73

64.32
65.93
67.57
69.22
70.90

64.48
66.10
67.73
69.39
71.06

64.64
66.26
67.90
69.56
71.23

64.80
66.42
68.06
69.72
71.40

64.96
66.59
68.23
69.89
71.57

65.12
66.75
68.39
70.06
71.74

65.29
66.91
68.56
70.22
71.91

65.45
67.08
68.72
70.39
72.08

8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9

72.25
73.96
75.69
77.44
79.21

72.42
74.13
75.86
77.62
79.39

72.59
74.30
76.04
77.79
79.57

72.76
74.48
76.21
77.97
79.74

72.93
74.65
76.39
78.15
79.92

73.'10
74.82
76.56
78.32
80.10

73.27
75.00
76.74
78.50
80.28

73.44
75.17
76.91
78.68
80.46

73.62
75.34
77.09
78.85
80.64

73.79
75.52
77.26
79.03
80.82

9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

81.00
82.81
84.64
86.49
88.36

81.18
82.99
84.82
86.68
88.55

81.36
83.17
85.01
86.86
88.74

81.54
83.36
85.19
87.05
88.92

81.72
83.54
85.38
87.24
89.11

81.90
83.72
85.56
87.42
89.30

82.08
83.91
85.75
87.61
69.49

82.26
84.09
85.93
87.80
89.68

82.45
84.27
86.12
87.98
89.87

82.63
84.46
86.30
88.17
90.06

9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9

90.25
92.16
94.09
96.04
98.01

so.44
92.35
94.28
96.24
98.21

90.63
92.54
94.48
96.43
98.41

90.82
92.74

91.01
92.93
94.87
96.83
98.80

91.20
93.12
95.06

91.39
93.32

91.58
93.51

91.78
93.70

95.28
97.22
99.20

95.45
97.42
99.40

95.65
97.61
99.60

91.97
93.90
95.84
97.81
99.80

10.0

39.82

94.67
96.63
98.60

97.02
99.00

100.0

=986960

lh2

=o 101321. e2 =736906

r2=966960.(r12)2=246740.

l/r2

=o 101321

Average
Difference
11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS & SYSTEMS

OF WEIGHTS

& MEASURES

1-7

TABLE1.2-CUBESOFNUMBERS

1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04

1.000
1.030
1.061
1.093
1.125

1.003
1.033
1.064
1.096
1.128

1.006
1.036
1.067
1.099
1.131

1.009
1.040
1.071
1.102
1.135

1.012
1.043
1.074
1.106
1.138

1.015
1.046
1.077
1.109
1.141

1.018
1.049
1.080
1.112
1.144

1.021
1.052
1.083
1.115
1.148

1.024
1.055
1.086
1.118
1.151

1.027
1.058
1.090
1.122
1.154

1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09

1.158
1.191
1.225
1.260
1.295

1.161
1.194
1.228
1.263
1.299

1.164
1.198
1.232
1.267
1.302

1.168
1.201
1.235
1.270
1.306

1.171
1.205
1.239
1.274
1.309

1.174
1.208
1.242
1.277
1.313

1.178
1.211
1.246
1.281
1.317

1.181
1.215
1.249
1.284
1.320

1.184
1.218
1.253
1.288
1.324

1.188
1.222
1.256
1.2Sl
1.327

1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14

1.331
1.368
1.405
1.443
1.482

1.335
1.371
1.409
1.447
1.485

1.338
1.375
1.412
1.451
1.489

1.342
1.379
1.416
1.454
1.493

1.346
1.382
1.420
1.458
1.497

1.349
1.386
1.424
1.462
1.501

1.353
1.390
1.428
1.466
1.505

1.357
1.394
1.431
1.470
1.509

1.360
1.397
1.435
1.474
1.513

1.364
1.401
1.439
1.478
1.517

1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19

1.521
1.561
1.602
1.643
1.685

1.525
1.565
1.606
1.647
1.689

1.529
1.569
1.610
1.651
1.694

1.533
1.573
1.614
1.656
1.698

1.537
1.577
1.618
1.660
1.702

1.541
1.581
1.622
1.664
1.706

1.545
1.585
1.626
1.668
1.711

1.549
1.589
1.631
1.672
1.715

1.553
1.593
1.635
1.677
1.719

1.557
1.598
1.639
1.681
1.724

1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24

1.728
1.772
1.816
1.861
1.907

1.732
1.776
1.820
1.865
1.911

1.737
1.780
1.825
1.870
1.916

1.741
1.785
1.829
1.075
1.920

1.745
1.789
1.834
1.879
1.925

1.750
1.794
1.838
1.884
1.930

1.754
1.798
1.843
1.888
1.934

1.758
1.802
1.847
1.893
1.939

1.763
1.807
1.852
1.897
1.944

1.767
1.811
1.856
1.902
1.948

1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29

1.953
2.000
2.048
2.097
2.147

1.958
2.005
2.053
2.102
2.152

1.983
2.010
2.058
2.107
2.157

1.967
2.015
2.063
2.112
2.162

1.972
2.019
2.068
2.117
2.167

1.977
2.024
2.073
2.122
2.172

1.981
2.029
2.078
2.127
2.177

1.986
2.034
2.082
2.132
2.182

1.991
2.039
2.087
2.137
2.187

1.996
2.044
2.092
2.142
2.192

1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34

2.197
2.248
2.300
2.353
2.406

2.202
2.253
2.305
2.358
2.411

2.207
2.258
2.310
2.363
2.417

2.212
2.264
2.316
2.369
2.422

2.217
2.269
2.321
2.374
2.428

2.222
2.274
2.326
2.379
2.433

2.228
2.279
2.331
2.385
2.439

2.233
2.284
2.337
2.390
2.444

2.238
2.290
2.342
2.395
2.449

2.243
2.295
2.347
2.401
2.455

1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39

2.460
2.515
2.571
2.628
2.686

2.466
2.521
2.577
2.634
2.691

2.471
2.527
2.583
2.640
2.697

2.477
2.532
2.588
2.645
2.703

2.482
2.538
2.594
2.651
2.709

2.480
2.543
2.600
2.657
2.715

2.493
2.549
2.605
2.663
2.721

2.499
2.554
2.611
2.668
2.726

2.504
2.560
2.617
2.674
2.732

2.510
2.566
2.622
2.680
2.738

1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44

2.744
2.803
2.863
2.924
2.986

2.750
2.809
2.869
2.930
2.992

2.756
2.815
2.875
2.936
2.998

2.762
2.821
2.881
2.943
3.005

2.768
2.827
2.888
2.949
3.011

2.774
2.833
2.894
2.955
3.017

2.779
2.839
2.900
2.961
3.023

2.785
2.845
2.906
2.967
3.030

2.791
2.851
2.912
2.974
3.036

2.797
2.857
2.918
2.980
3.042

1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49

3.049
3.112
3.177
3.242
3.308

3.055
3.119
3.183
3.248
3.315

3.081
3.125
3.190
3.255
3.321

3.068
3.131
3.196
3.262
3.328

3.074
3.138
3.203
3.268
3.335

3.080
3.144
3.209
3.275
3.341

3.087
3.151
3.216
3.281
3.348

3.093
3.157
3.222
3.288
3.355

3.099
3.164
3.229
3.295
3.362

3.106
3.170
3.235
3.301
3.368

1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54

3.375
3.443
3.512
3.582
3.652

3.382
3.450
3.519
3.589
3.659

3.389
3.457
3.528
3.596
3.667

3.395
3.464
3.533
3.603
3.674

3.402
3.470
3.540
3.610
3.681

3.409
3.477
3.547
3.617
3.688

3.416
3.484
3.554
3.624
3.695

3.422
3.491
3.561
3.631
3.702

3.429
3.498
3.568
3.638
3.709

3.438
3.505
3.575
3.645
3.717

1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59

3.724
3.796
3.870
3.944
4.020

3.731
3.804
3.877
3.952
4.027

3.738
3.811
3.885
3.959
4.035

3.746
3.818
3.892
3.967
4.042

3.753
3.826
3.900
3.974
4.050

3.760
3.833
3.907
3.982
4.058

3.767
3.840
3.914
3.989
4.065

3.775
3.848
3.922
3.997
4.073

3.782
3.855
3.929
4.005
4.081

3.789
3.863
3.937
4.012
4.088

Average
Difference
3

Explanationof Table of Cubes

This tablegives the value of N3 forvalues of Nfrom 1 to 10, correctto four figures.(Interpolated
values may be in error
by 1 in the fourthfigure.)
To findthe cube of a number Noutsidethe range from 1 to 10, notethatmovingthe decimal pointone place inColumn
Nis equivalentto moving itthreeplaces in the body ofthelable. For example,(4.852)3 = 114.2,(0.4852)3=0.1142, and
(485.2)3=114,200.000.
This table also can be used inverselyto give cube roots.
(continued
on next page)

PETROLEUM

1-B

TABLE

1.2-CUBES

ENGINEERINGHANDBOOK

OF NUMBERS (continued)

4.104
4.181
4.259
4.339
4.419

4.111
4.189
4.267
4.347
4.427

4.119
4.197
4.275
4.355
4.435

4.127
4.204
4.283
4.363
4.443

4.135
4.212
4.291
4.371
4.451

4.142
4.220
4.299
4.379
4.460

4.150
4.228
4.307
4.387
4.468

4.158
4.236
4.315
4.395
4.476

4.166
4.244
4.323
4.403
4.484

4.574
4.657
4.742
4.827

4.500
4.583
4.666
4.750
4.835

4.508
4.591
4.674
4.759
4.844

4.517
4.599
4.683
4.767
4.853

4.525
4.607
4.691
4.776
4.861

4.533
4.616
4.699
4.784
4.870

4.541
4.624
4.708
4.793
4.878

4.550
4.632
4.716
4.801
4.887

4.558
4.641
4.725
4.810
4.896

4.566
4.649
4.733
4.818
4.904

1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74

4.913
5.000
5.088
5.178
5.268

4.922
5.009
5.097
5.187
5.277

4.930
5.018
5.106
5.196
5.286

4.939
5.027
5.115
5.205
5.295

4.948
5.035
5.124
5.214
5.304

4.956
5.044
5.133
5.223
5.314

4.965
5.053
5.142
5.232
5.323

4.974
5.062
5.151
5.241
5.332

4.983
5.071
5.160
5.250
5.341

4.991
5.080
5.169
5.259
5.350

1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79

5.359

5.369

5.452
5.545
5.640
5.735

5.461
5.555
5.649
5.745

5.378
5.470
5.564
5.659
5.755

5.387
5.480
5.573
5.668
5.764

5.396
5.489
5.583
5.678
5.774

5.405
5.498

5.415
5.508
5.602
5.697
5.793

5.424
5.517
5.611
5.707
5.803

5.433
5.526
5.621
5.716
5.813

5.442
5.536
5.630
5.726
5.822

1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84

5.832
5.930
6.029
6.128
6.230

5.842
5.940
6.039
6.139
6.240

5.851
5.949
6.048
6.149
6.250

5.861
5.959
6.058
6.159
6.260

5.871
5.969
6.068
6.169
6.270

5.881

1.85

6.332
6.435
6.539
6.645
6.751

6.342
6.445
6.550
6.655
6.762

6.352
6.456
6.560
6.666
6.773

6.362
6.466
6.571
6.677
6.783

6.373
6.476
6.581
6.687
6.794

6.592

6.859
6.968
7.078
7.189
7.301

6.870
6.979
7.089
7.200
7.313

6.881
6.990
7.100
7.211
7.324

6.892
7.001
7.111
7.223
7.335

6.902
7.012
7.122
7.234
7.347

1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99

7.415
7.530
7.645
7.762
7.881

7.426
7.541
7.657
7.774
7.892

7.438
7.553
7.669
7.786
7.904

7.449
7.564
7.680
7.798
7.916

2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04

8.000
8.121
8.242
8.365
8.490

8.012
8.133
8.255
8.378
8.502

8.024
8.145
8.267
8.390
8.515

2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09

8.615
8.742
8.870
8.999
9.129

8.628
8.755
8.883
9.012
9.142

2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14

9.261

9.274

9.394
9.528

9.664

9.407
9.542
9.677

9.800

2.15

9.938

1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64

4.173
4.252
4.331
4.411

1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69

1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89

1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94

1.95

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

4.096

4.492

10.65
12.17
13.82

5.592
5.687
5.784

5.891
5.989
6.088
6.189
6.291

5.900

5.910

5.999

6.009

6.098
6.199
6.301

6.108
6.209
6.311

5.920
6.019
6.118
6.219
6.321

6.393
6.497
6.602
6.708
6.816

6.404
6.508
6.613
6.719
6.827

6.414
6.518
6.623
6.730
6.837

6.424
6.529
6.634
6.741
6.848

6.913
7.023
7.133
7.245
7.358

6.924
7.034
7.144
7.256
7.369

6.935
7.045
7.156
7.268
7.381

6.946
7.056
7.167
7.279
7.392

6.957
7.067
7.178
7.290
7.403

7.461
7.576
7.692
7.810
7.928

7.472
7.587
7.704
7.821
7.940

7.484
7.599
7.715
7.833
7.952

7.495
7.610
7.727
7.845
7.964

7.507
7.622
7.739
7.857
7.976

7.518
7.634
7.751
7.869
7.988

8.036
8.157
8.279
8.403
8.527

8.048
8.169
8.291
8.415
8.540

8.060
8.181
8.304
8.427
8.552

8.072
8.194
8.316
8.440
8.565

8.084
8.206
8.328
8.452
8.577

8.096
8.218
8.341
8.465
8.590

8.108
8.230
8.353
a.477
8.603

8.640
8.767
8.895
9.025
9.156

8.653
8.780
8.908
9.038
9.169

8.666
8.793
8.921
9.051
9.182

8.678
8.806
8.934
9.064
9.195

8.691
8.818
8.947
9.077
9.208

8.704
8.831
8.960
9.090
9.221

8.716
8.844
8.973
9.103
9.235

8.729
8.857
8.986
9.116
9.248

9.301
9.434
9.569
9.704
9.842

9.314
9.447
9.582
9.718
9.855

9.327
9.461
9.596

9.341
9.474
9.609

9.732

9.745

9.869

9.883

9.354
9.488
9.623
9.759
9.897

9.367
9.501
9.636
9.773
9.911

9.381
9.515

9.814

9.287
9.421
9.555
9.691
9.828

9.952

9.966

9.980

9.994

10.79
12.33
14.00

10.94
12.49
14.17

11.09
12.65
14.35

11.24
12.81
14.53

5.979
6.078
6.179
6.280
6.383
6.487
6.698
6.805

9.650

IO

11

12

13

14

9.787
9.925

10.008
9.94
11.39
12.98
14.71

Average
Difference

14
10.08
11.54
13.14
14.89

r3= 31.0063andl/n3 =0.0322515+

10.22
11.70
13.31
15.07

10.36
11.85
13.48
15.25

10.50
12.01
13.65
15.44

14
15
16
18

MATHEMATICALTABLES&

UNITS&

SYSTEMSOF

WEIGHTS&

TABLE1.2-CUEIESOF

--

MEASURES

1-9

NUMBERS(continued)

Average
Difference

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

15.62
17.58
19.68
21.95
24.39

15.81
17.78
19.90
22.19
24.64

16.00
17.98
20.12
22.43
24.90

16.19
18.19
20.35
22.67
25.15

16.39
18.40
20.57
22.91
25.41

16.58
18.61
20.80
23.15
25.67

16.78
18.82
21.02
23.39
25.93

16.97
19.03
21.25
23.64
26.20

17.17
19.25
21.48
23.89
26.46

17.37
19.47
21.72
24.14
26.73

20
21
23
24
26

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

27.00
29.79
32.77
35.94
39.30

27.27
30.08
33.08
36.26
39.65

27.54
30.37
33.39
36.59
40.00

27.82
30.66
33.70
36.93
40.35

28.09
30.96
34.01
37.26
40.71

28.37
31.26
34.33
37.60
41.06

28.65
31.55
34.65
37.93
41.42

28.93
31.86
34.97
38.27
41.78

29.22
32.16
35.29
38.61
42.14

29.50
32.46
35.61
38.96
42.51

28
30
32
34
36

3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

42.88
46.66
50.65
54.87
59.32

43.24
47.05
51.06
55.31
59.78

43.61
47.44
51.48
55.74
60.24

43.99
47.83
51.90
56.18
60.70

44.36
48.23
52.31
56.62
61.16

44.74
48.63
52.73
57.07
61.63

45.12
49.03
53.16
57.51
62.10

45.50
49.43
53.58
57.96
62.57

45.88
49.84
54.01
58.41
63.04

46.27
50.24
54.44
58.86
63.52

39
40
42
44
47

4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

64.00
68.92
74.09
79.51
85.18

64.48
69.43
74.62
80.08
85.77

64.96
69.93
75.15
80.62
86.35

65.45
70.44
75.69
81.18
86.94

65.94
70.96
76.23
81.75
87.53

66.43
71.47
76.77
82.31
88.12

66.92
71.99
77.31
82.88
88.72

67.42
72.51
77.85
83.45
89.31

67.92
73.03
78.40
84.03
89.92

68.42
73.56
78.95
84.60
90.52

49
52
54
58
59

4.5
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9

91.12
97.34

91.73
97.97

92.35
98.61

92.96
99.25

93.58
99.90

94.82

95.44

96.07

96.70

103.8
110.6
117.6

104.5
111.3
118.4

105.2
112.0
119.1

105.8
112.7
119.8

106.5
113.4
120.6

94.20
100.54
100.5
107.2
114.1
121.3

101.2
107.9
114.8
122.0

101.8
108.5
115.5
122.8

102.5
109.2
116.2
123.5

103.2
109.9
116.9
124.3

62
64
7
7
7
7

5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

125.0
132.7
140.6
148.9
157.5

125.8
133.4
141.4
149.7
158.3

126.5
134.2
142.2
150.6
159.2

127.3
135.0
143.1
151.4
160.1

128.0
135.8
143.9
152.3
161.0

128.8
136.6
144.7
153.1
161.9

129.6
137.4
145.5
154.0
162.8

130.3
138.2
146.4
154.9
163.7

131.1
139.0
147.2
155.7
164.6

131.9
139.8
148.0
156.6
165.5

5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9

166.4
175.6
185.2
195.1
205.4

167.3
176.6
186.2
196.1
206.4

168.2
177.5
187.1
197.1
207.5

169.1
178.5
188.1
198.2
208.5

170.0
179.4
189.1
199.2
209.6

171.0
180.4
190.1
200.2
210.6

171.9
181.3
191.1
201.2
211.7

172.8
182.3
192.1
202.3
212.8

173.7
183.3
193.1
203.3
213.8

174.7
184.2
194.1
204.3
214.9

6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4

216.0
227.0
238.3
250.0
262.1

217.1
228.1
239.5
251.2
263.4

218.2
229.2
240.6
252.4
264.6

219.3
230.3
241.8
253.6
265.8

220.3
231.5
243.0
254.8
267.1

221.4
232.6
244.1
256.0
268.3

222.5
233.7
245.3
257.3
269.6

223.6
234.9
246.5
258.5
270.8

224.8
236.0
247.7
259.7
272.1

225.9
237.2
248.9
260.9
273.4

11

6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9

274.6
287.5
300.8
314.4
328.5

275.9
288.8
302.1
315.8
329.9

277.2
290.1
303.5
317.2
331.4

278.4
291.4
304.8
318.6
332.8

279.7
292.8
306.2
320.0
334.3

281.0
294.1
307.5
321.4
335.7

282.3
295.4
308.9
322.8
337.2

283.6
298.7
310.3
324.2
338.6

284.9
298.1
311.7
325.7
340.1

286.2
299.4
313.0
327.1
341.5

13

7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4

343.0
357.9
373.2
389.0
405.2

344.5
359.4
374.8
390.6
406.9

345.9
360.9
376.4
392.2
408.5

347.4
362.5
377.9
393.8
410.2

348.9
364.0
379.5
395.4
411.8

350.4
365.5
381.1
397.1
413.5

351.9
367.1
382.7
398.7
415.2

353.4
368.6
384.2
400.3
416.8

354.9
370.1
385.8
401.9
418.5

356.4
371.7
387.4
403.6
420.2

15

7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9

421.9
439.0
456.5
474.6
493.0

423.8
440.7
458.3
476.4
494.9

425.3
442.5
460.1
478.2
496.8

427.0
444.2
461.9
480.0
498.7

428.7
445.9
463.7
481.9
500.6

430.4
447.7
465.5
483.7
502.5

432.1
449.5
467.3
485.6
504.4

433.8
451.2
469.1
487.4
506.3

435.5
453.0
470.9
489.3
508.2

437.2
454.8
472.7
491.2
510.1

8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4

512.0
531.4
551.4
571.8
592.7

513.9
533.4
553.4
573.9
594.8

515.8
535.4
555.4
575.9
596.9

517.8
535.4
557.4
578.0
599.1

519.7
539.4
559.5
580.1
601.2

521.7
541.3
561.5
582.2
603.4

523.6
543.3
583.6
584.3
605.5

525.6
545.3
565.6
586.4
607.6

527.5
547.3
567.7
588.5
609.8

529.5
549.4
569.7
590.6
612.0

=310063and

IO

12

14

18
17
18

19
20
21

1h3=O0322515+

(continuedon next page)

PETROLEUM

l-10

TABLE

1.2-CUBES

OF NUMBERS

ENGINEERING

HANDBOOK

(continued)

Average
Difference

8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9

614.1
636.1
658.5
681.5
705.0

616.3
638.3
660.8
683.8
707.3

618.5
640.5
663.1
686.1
709.7

620.7
642.7
665.3
688.5
712.1

622.8
645.0
667.6
690.8
714.5

625.0
647.2
669.9
693.2
716.9

627.2
649.5
672.2
695.5
719.3

629.4
651.7
674.5
697.9
721.7

631.6
654.0
678.8
700.2
724.2

633.8
656.2
679.2
702.6
726.6

22

9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

729.0
753.6
778.7
804.4
830.6

731.4
756.1
781.2
807.0
833.2

733.9
758.6
783.8
809.6
835.9

736.3
761 .O
786.3
812.2
838.6

738.8
763.6
788.9
814.8
841.2

741.2
766.1
791.5
817.4
043.9

743.7
768.6
794.0
820.0
846.6

746.1
771.1
796.6
822.7
849.3

748.6
773.6
799.2
825.3
852.0

751.1
776.2
801.8
827.9
854.7

25

9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9

857.4
884.7
912.7
941.2
970.3

860.1
887.5
915.5
944.1
973.2

862.8
890.3
918.3
947.0
976.2

865.5
893.1
921.2
949.9
979.1

868.3
895.8
924.0
952.8
982.1

871 .O
898.6
926.9
955.7
985.1

873.7
901.4
929.7
958.6
988.0

876.5
904.2
932.6
961.5
991 .o

879.2
907.0
935.4
964.4
994.0

882.0
909.9
938.3
967.4
997.0

10.0

1000.0

=31 0063 and 1/x3 =00322515+

23
24

26
27
28
29

MATHEMATICALTABLES

&UNITS

TABLE

1-11

&SYSTEMSOFWElGHTS&MEASURES

1.3-SQUARE

ROOTS

OF NUMBERS

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

1.000
1.049
1.095
1.140
1.183

1.005
1.054
1.100
1.145
1.187

1.010
1.058
1.105
1.149
1.192

1.015
1.083
1.109
1.153
1.196

1.020
1.068
1.114
1.158
1.200

1.025
1.072
1.118
1.162
1.204

1.030
1.077
1.122
1.166
1.208

1.034
1.082
1.127
1.170
1.212

1.039
1.088
1.131
1.175
1.217

1.044
1.091
1.136
1.179
1.221

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

1.255
1.265
1.304
1.342
1.378

1.229
1.269
1.308
1.345
1.382

1.233
1.273
1.311
1.349
1.386

1.237
1.277
1.315
1.353
1.389

1.241
1.281
1.319
1.356
1.393

1.245
1.285
1.323
1.360
1.396

1.249
1.288
1.327
1.364
1.400

1.253
1.292
1.330
1.367
1.404

1.257
1.296
1.334
1.371
1.407

1.261
1.300
1.338
1.375
1.411

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

1.414
1.449
1.483
1.517
1.549

1.418
1.453
1.487
1.520
1.552

1.421
1.456
1.490
1.523
1.556

1.425
1.459
1.493
1.526
1.559

1.428
1.463
1.497
1.530
1.562

1.432
1.466
1.500
1.533
1.565

1.435
1.470
1.503
1.536
1.568

1.439
1.473
1.507
1.539
1.572

1.442
1.476
1.510
1.543
1.575

1.446
1.480
1.513
1.546
1.578

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

1.581
1.612
1.643
1.673
1.703

1.584
1.616
1.646
1.676
1.706

1.587
1.619
1.649
1.679
1.709

1.591
1.622
1.652
1.682
1.712

1.594
1.625
1.655
1.685
1.715

1.597
1.628
1.658
1.688
1.718

1.600
1.631
1.661
1.691
1.720

1.603
1.634
1.664
1.694
1.723

1.606
1.637
1.667
1.697
1.726

1.609
1.640
1.670
1.700
1.729

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

1.732
1.761
1.789
1.817
1.844

1.735
1.764
1.792
1.819
1.847

1.738
1.766
1.794
1.822
1.849

1.741
1.769
1.797
1.825
1.852

1.744
1.772
1.800
1.828
1.855

1.746
1.775
1.803
1.830
1.857

1.749
1.778
1.806
1.833
1.860

1.752
1.780
1.808
1.836
1.863

1.755
1.783
1.811
1.838
1.885

1.758
1.786
1.814
1.841
1.868

3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

1.871
1.897
1.924
1.949
1.975

1.873
1.900
1.926
1.952
1.977

1.876
1.903
1.929
1.954
1.980

1.879
1905
1.931
1.957
1.982

1.881
1.908
1.934
1.960
1.985

1.884
1.910
1.936
1.962
1.987

1.887
1.913
1.939
1.965
1.990

1.889
1.916
1.942
1.967
1.992

1.892
1.918
1.944
1.970
1.995

1.895
1.921
1.947
1.972
1.997

4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

2.000
2.025
2.049
2.074
2.098

2.002
2.027
2.052
2.076
2.100

2.005
2.030
2.054
2.078
2.102

2.007
2.032
2.057
2.081
2.105

2.010
2.035
2.059
2.083
2.107

2.012
2.037
2.062
2.086
2.110

2.015
2.040
2.064
2.088
2.112

2.017
2.042
2.066
2.090
2.114

2.020
2.045
2.069
2.093
2.117

2.022
2.047
2.071
2.095
2.119

4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9

2.121
2.145
2.168
2.191
2.214

2.124
2.147
2.170
2.193
2.216

2.126
2.149
2.173
2.195
2.218

2.128
2.152
2.175
2.198
2.220

2.131
2.154
2.177
2.200
2.223

2.133
2.156
2.179
2.202
2.225

2.135
2.159
2.182
2.205
2.227

2.138
2.161
2.184
2.207
2.229

2.140
2.163
2.186
2.209
2.232

2.142
2.166
2.189
2.211
2.234

5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

2.236
2.258
2.280
2.302
2.324

2.238
2.261
2.283
2.304
2.326

2.241
2.263
2.285
2.307
2.328

2.243
2.265
2.287
2.309
2.330

2.245
2.267
2.289
2.311
2.332

2.247
2.269
2.291
2.313
2.335

2.249
2.272
2.293
2.315
2.337

2.252
2.274
2.296
2.317
2.339

2.254
2.276
2.298
2.319
2.341

2.256
2.278
2.300
2.322
2.343

5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9

2.345
2.366
2.387
2.408
2.429

2.347
2.369
2.390
2.410
2.431

2.349
2.371
2.392
2.412
2.433

2.352
2.373
2.394
2.415
2.435

2.354
2.375
2.398
2.417
2.437

2.356
2.377
2.398
2.419
2.439

2.358
2.379
2.400
2.421
2.441

2.360
2.381
2.402
2.423
2.443

2.382
2.383
2.404
2.425
2.445

2.364
2.385
2.406
2.427
2.447

6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4

2.449
2.470
2.490
2.510
2.530

2.452
2.472
2.492
2.512
2.532

2.454
2.474
2.494
2.514
2.534

2.456
2.476
2.496
2.516
2.536

2.458
2.478
2.498
2.518
2.538

2.460
2.480
2.500
2.520
2.540

2.462
2.482
2.502
2.522
2.542

2.464
2.484
2.504
2.524
2.544

2.466
2.486
2.506
2.526
2.546

2.468
2.488
2.508
2.528
2.548

6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9

2.550
2.569
2.588
2.608
2.627

2.551
2.571
2.590
2.610
2.629

2.553
2.573
2.592
2.612
2.631

2.555
2.575
2.594
2.613
2.632

2.557
2.577
2.596
2.615
2.634

2.559
2.579
2.598
2.617
2.636

2.561
2.581
2.600
2.619
2.638

2.563
2.583
2.602
2.621
2.640

2.565
2.585
2.604
2.623
2.642

2.567
2.587
2.606
2.625
2.644

Average
Difference
5
4

Exolanation of Table of Sauare Roots

This table gives the value of fiforvaluesof Nfrom 1 to lOO,correcttofourfigures.(lnterpolated
values maybe inerror
by 1 in the fourthfigure).
To findthe square root of a number N outside the range from 1 to 100, dividethe digitsof the number intoblocks
oftwo(beginning with thedecimalpoint),and note thatmovingthedecimal
ointtwo placesin N isequivalentto moving
J--Y=
2718
5213, &%%=18.48,
~@%3=52.13,
itone
lace in the square root of N. For example, &%-8=1.648,
+=00002718
001648, and Jo7oo2718=0.05213.
(continuedon next page)

PETROLEUM

l-12

TABLE

1.3-SQUARE

ROOTS

ENGINEERING

OF NUMBERS(continued)

7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4

2.646
2.665
2.683
2.702
2.720

2.648
2.666
2.685
2.704
2.722

2.650
2.668
2.687
2.706
2.724

2.651
2.670
2.689
2.707
2.728

2.653
2.672
2.691
2.709
2.728

2.655
2.674
2.693
2.711
2.729

2.657
2.676
2.694
2.713
2.731

2.659
2.678
2.696
2.715
2.733

2.661
2.680
2.698
2.717
2.735

2.663
2.681
2.700
2.718
2.737

7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9

2.739
2.757
2.775
2.793
2.811

2.740
2.759
2.777
2.795
2.812

2.742
2.760
2.778
2.796
2.814

2.744
2.762
2.780
2.798
2.816

2.746
2.764
2.782
2.800
2.818

2.748
2.766
2.784
2.802
2.820

2.750
2.768
2.786
2.804
2.821

2.751
2.769
2.787
2.805
2.823

2.753
2.771
2.789
2.807
2.825

2.755
2.773
2.791
2.809
2.827

8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4

2.828
2.846
2.864
2.881
2.898

2.830
2.848
2.865
2.883
2.900

2.832
2.850
2.867
2.884
2.902

2.834
2.851
2.869
2.886
2.903

2.835
2.853
2.871
2.888
2.905

2.837
2.855
2.872
2.890
2.907

2.839
2.857
2.874
2.891
2.909

2.841
2.858
2.876
2.893
2.910

2.843
2.860
2.877
2.895
2.912

2.844
2.862
2.879
2.897
2.914

8.5
8.6
8.7
8.6
8.9

2.915
2.933
2.950
2.966
2.983

2.917
2.934
2.951
2.968
2.985

2.919
2.936
2.953
2.970
2.987

2.921
2.938
2.955
2.972
2.988

2.922
2.939
2.956
2.973
2.990

2.924
2.941
2.958
2.975
2.992

2.926
2.943
2.960
2.977
2.993

2.927
2.944
2.961
2.978
2.995

2.929
2.946
2.963
2.980
2.997

2.931
2.948
2.965
2.982
2.998

9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

3.000
3.017
3.033
3.050
3.066

3.002
3.018
3.035
3.051
3.068

3.003
3.020
3.036
3.053
3.069

3.005
3.022
3.038
3.055
3.071

3.007
3.023
3.040
3.056
3.072

3.008
3.025
3.041
3.058
3.074

3.010
3.027
3.043
3.059
3.076

3.012
3.028
3.045
3.061
3.077

3.013
3.030
3.046
3.063
3.079

3.015
3.032
3.048
3.064
3.081

9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9

3.082
3.098
3.114
3.130
3.146

3.084
3.100
3.116
3.132
3.148

3.085
3.102
3.118
3.134
3.150

3.087
3.103
3.119
3.135
3.151

3.089
3.105
3.121
3.137
3.153

3.090
3.106
3.122
3.138
3.154

3.092
3.108
3.124
3.140
3.156

3.094
3.110
3.126
3.142
3.158

3.095
3.111
3.127
3.143
3.159

3.097
3.113
3.129
3.145
3.161

10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0

3.162
3.317
3.464
3.606
3.742

3.178
3.332
3.479
3.619
3.755

3.194
3.347
3.493
3.633
3.768

3.209
3.362
3.507
3.647
3.782

3.225
3.376
3.521
3.661
3.795

3.240
3.391
3.536
3.674
3.808

3.256
3.406
3.550
3.688
3.821

3.271
3.421
3.564
3.701
3.834

3.286
3.435
3.578
3.715
3.847

3.302
3.450
3.592
3.728
3.860

15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0

3.873
4.000
4.123
4.243
4.359

3.886
4.012
4.135
4.254
4.370

3.899
4.025
4.147
4.266
4.382

3.912
4.037
4.159
4.278
4.393

3.924
4.050
4.171
4.290
4.405

3.937
4.062
4.183
4.301
4.416

3.950
4.074
4.195
4.313
4.427

3.962
4.087
4.207
4.324
4.438

3.975
4.099
4.219
4.336
4.450

3.987
4.111
4.231
4.347
4.461

20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0

4.472
4.583
4.690
4.796
4.899

4.483
4.593
4.701
4.806
4.909

4.494
4.604
4.712
4.817
4.919

4.506
4.615
4.722
4.827
4.930

4.517
4.626
4.733
4.837
4.940

4.528
4.637
4.743
4.848
4.950

4.539
4.648
4.754
4.858
4.960

4.550
4.658
4.764
4.868
4.970

4.561
4.669
4.775
4.879
4.980

4.572
4.680
4.785
4.889
4.990

25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0

5.000
5.099
5.196
5.292
5.385

5.010
5.109
5.206
5.301
5.394

5.020
5.119
5.215
5.310
5.404

5.030
5.128
5.225
5.320
5.413

5.040
5.138
5.235
5.329
5.422

5.050
5.148
5.244
5.339
5.431

5.060
5.158
5.254
5.348
5.441

5.070
5.167
5.263
5.357
5.450

5.079
5.177
5.273
5.367
5.459

5.089
5.187
5.282
5.376
5.468

30.0
31.0
32.0
33.0
34.0

5.477
5.568
5.657
5.745
5.831

5.486
5.577
5.666
5.753
5.840

5.495
5.586
5.675
5.762
5.848

5.505
5.595
5.683
5.771
5.857

5.514
5.604
5.692
5.779
5.865

5.523
5.612
5.701
5.788
5.874

5.532
5.621
5.710
5.797
5.882

5.541
5.630
5.718
5.805
5.891

5.550
5.639
5.727
5.814
5.899

5.559
5.648
5.736
5.822
5.908

35.0
36.0
37.0
38.0
39.0

5.916
6.000
6.083
6.164
6.245

5.925
6.008
6.091
6.173
6.253

5.933
6.017
6.099
6.181
6.281

5.941
6.025
6.107
6.189
6.269

5.950
6.033
6.116
6.197
6.277

5.958
6.042
6.124
6.205
6.285

5.967
6.050
6.132
6.213
6.293

5.975
6.058
6.140
6.221
6.301

5.983
6.066
6.148
6.229
6.309

5.992
6.075
6.156
6.237
6.317

Vr=i.77245+.

l/V'*=O.56419,

HANDBOOK

V,*/Z=l

25331, and ~e=,.64872

Average
Difference
2

16
15
14
13
12

11

10

MATHEMATICALTABLES&

UNITS&

SYSTEMSOFWElGHTS&

TABLE

1.3-SQUARE

MEASURES

ROOTS

1-13

OF NUMBERS(continued)

Average
Difference

40.0
41 0
42.0
43.0
44.0

6.325
6.403
6.481
6.557
6.633

6.332
6.411
6.488
6.565
6.641

6.340
6.419
6.496
6.573
6.648

6.348
6.427
6.504
6.580
6.656

6.356
6.434
6.512
6.588
6.663

6.364
6.442
6.519
6.595
6.671

6.372
6.450
6.527
6.603
6.678

6.380
6.458
6.535
6.611
6.686

6.387
6.465
6.542
6.618
6.693

6.395
6.473
6.550
6.626
6.701

45.0
46.0
47.0
48.0
49.0

6.708
6.782
6.856
6.928
7.000

6.716
6.790
6.863
6.935
7.007

6.723
6.797
6.870
6.943
7.014

6.731
6.804
6.877
6.950
7.021

6.738
6.812
6.885
6.957
7.029

6.745
6.819
6.892
6.964
7.036

6.753
6.826
6.899
6.971
7.043

6.760
6.834
6.907
6.979
7.050

6.768
6.841
6.914
6.986
7.057

6.775
6.848
6.921
6.993
7.064

50.0
51.0
52.0
53.0
54.0

7.071
7.141
7.211
7.280
7.348

7.078
7.148
7.218
7.287
7.355

7.085
7.155
7.225
7.294
7.362

7.092
7.162
7.232
7.301
7.369

7.099
7.169
7.239
7.308
7.376

7.106
7.176
7.246
7.314
7.382

7.113
7.183
7.253
7.321
7.389

7.120
7.190
7.259
7.328
7.396

7.127
7.197
7.266
7.335
7.403

7.134
7.204
7.273
7.342
7.409

55.0
56.0
57.0
56.0
59.0

7.416
7.483
7.550
7.616
7.681

7.423
7.490
7.556
7.622
7.688

7.430
7.497
7.563
7.629
7.694

7.436
7.503
7.570
7.635
7.701

7.443
7.510
7.576
7.642
7.707

7.450
7.517
7.583
7.649
7.714

7.457
7.523
7.589
7.655
7.720

7.463
7.530
7.596
7.662
7.727

7.470
7.537
7.603
7.668
7.733

7.477
7.543
7.609
7.675
7.740

60.0
61.0
62.0
63.0
64.0

7.746
7.810
7.874
7.937
8.000

7.752
7.817
7.880
7.944
8.006

7.759
7.823
7.887
7.950
8.012

7.765
7.829
7.893
7.956
8.019

7.772
7.836
7.899
7.962
8.025

7.778
7.842
7.906
7.969
8.031

7.785
7.849
7.912
7.975
8.037

7.791
7.855
7.918
7.981
8.044

7.797
7.861
7.925
7.987
8.050

7.804
7.868
7.931
7.994
8.056

65.0
66.0
67.0
68.0
69.0

8.062
8.124
8.185
8.246
8.307

8.068
8.130
8.191
8.252
8.313

8.075
8.136
8.198
8.258
8.319

8.081
8.142
8.204
8.264
8.325

8.087
8.149
8.210
8.270
8.331

8.093
8.155
8.216
8.276
8.337

8.099
8.161
8.222
8.283
8.343

8.106
8.167
8.228
8.289
8.349

8.112
8.173
8.234
8.295
8.355

8.118
8.179
8.240
8.301
8.361

70.0
71.0
72.0
73.0
74.0

8.367
8.426
8.485
8.544
8.602

8.373
8.432
8.491
8.550
8.608

8.379
8.438
8.497
8.556
8.614

8.385
8.444
8.503
8.562
8.620

8.390
8.450
8.509
8.567
8.626

8.396
8.456
8.515
8.573
8.631

8.402
8.462
8.521
8.579
8.637

8.408
8.468
8.526
8.585
8.643

8.414
8.473
8.532
8.591
8.649

8.420
8.479
8.538
8.597
8.654

75.0
76.0
77.0
78.0
79.0

8.660
8.718
8.775
8.832
8.888

8.666
8.724
8.781
8.837
8.894

8.672
8.729
8.786
8.843
8.899

8.678
8.735
8.792
8.849
8.905

8.683
8.741
8.798
8.854
8.911

8.669
8.746
8.803
8.860
8.916

8.695
8.752
8.809
8.866
8.922

8.701
8.758
8.815
8.871
8.927

8.706
8.764
8.820
8.877
8.933

8.712
8.769
8.826
8.883
8.939

80.0
81.0
82.0
83.0
84.0

8.944
9.000
9.055
9.110
9.165

8.950
9.006
9.061
9.116
9.171

8.955
9.011
9.066
9.121
9.176

8.961
9.017
9.072
9.127
9.182

8.967
9.022
9.077
9.132
9.187

8.972
9.028
9.083
9.138
9.192

8.978
9.033
9.088
9.143
9.198

8.983
9.039
9.094
9.149
9.203

8.989
9.044
9.099
9.154
9.209

8.994
9.050
9.105
9.160
9.214

85.0
86.0
67.0
88.0
89.0

9.220
9.274
9.327
9.381
9.434

9.225
9.279
9.333
9.386
9.439

9.230
9.284
9.338
9.391
9.445

9.236
9.290
9.343
9.397
9.450

9.241
9.295
9.349
9.402
9.455

9.247
9.301
9.354
9.407
9.460

9.252
9.306
9.359
9.413
9.466

9.257
9.311
9.365
9.418
9.471

9.263
9.317
9.370
9.423
9.476

9.268
9.322
9.375
9.429
9.482

90.0
91.0
92.0
93.0
94.0

9.487
9.539
9.592
9.644
9.695

9.492
9.545
9.597
9.649
9.701

9.497
9.550
9.602
9.654
9.706

9.503
9.555
9.607
9.659
9.711

9.508
9.560
9.612
9.664
9.716

9.513
9.566
9.618
9.670
9.721

9.518
9.571
9.623
9.675
9.726

9.524
9.576
9.628
9.731

9.529
9.581
9.633
9.685
9.737

9.534
9.586
9.638
9.690
9.742

95.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
99.0

9.747
9.798
9.849
9.899
9.950

9.752
9.803
9.854
9.905
9.955

9.757
9.808
9.859
9.910
9.960

9.762
9.813
9.864
9.915
9.965

9.767
9.818
9.869
9.920
9.970

9.772
9.823
9.874
9.925
9.975

9.778
9.829
9.879
9.930
9.980

9.783
9.834
9.884
9.935
9.985

9.788
9.839
9.889
9.940
9.990

9.793
9.844
9.894
9.945
9.995

9.680

SQUAREROOTSOFCERTAlNFRACTlONS
N

&i

'/2 0.7071'/a 0.5774

v3
0.8165
'/4 0.5000
v4
0.8660
'/s 0.4472
75
0.6325

N
%
a/5
'/6
5/s
'/$
2/7
3/7

Jii
0.7746
0.8944
0.4082
0.9129
0.3780
0.5345
0.6547

v%

0.7559
-%
__
%
0.8452
%
0.9258
'/A 0.3536
%
0.6124
%
0.7906
'/a 0.9354

N
-'/9
2/
%
=/g
'/g
8/s
'/'2

J0.3333
0.4714
0.6667
0.7454
0.8819
0.9428
0.2887

fi

-0.64559/rss/1*
y,p
0.7638
1%~
0.9574
'h6
0.2500
3/ls 0.4330
%s
0.5590
/,s
0.6614

-J%

0.7500
"A6
0.8292
'3/G
0.9014
'5/e
0.9662
'/!32 0.1768
'/6* 0.1250
'ho
0.1414

l-14

PETROLEUM

ENGINEERING

HANDBOOK

TABLEl.4-CUBEROOTSOFNUMBERS

Average
Difference

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

1.000
1.032
1.063
1.091
1.119

1.003
1.035
1.066
1.094
1.121

1.007
1.038
1.069
1.097
1.124

1.010
1.042
1.071
1.100
1.127

1.013
1.045
1.074
1.102
I.129

1.016
1.048
1.077
1.105
1.132

1.020
1.051
1.080
1.108
1.134

1.023
1.054
1.083
1.111
1.137

1.026
1.057
1.086
1.113
1.140

1.029
1.060
1.089
1.116
1.142

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

1.145
1.170
1.193
1.216
1.239

1.147
1.172
1.196
1.219
1.241

1.150
I.174
1.198
1.221
1.243

1.152
I.177
1.200
1.223
1.245

1.155
1.179
1.203
1.225
1.247

1.157
1.182
1.205
1.228
1.249

1.160
1.184
1.207
1.230
1.251

1.162
1.186
1.210
1.232
1.254

1.165
1.189
1.212
1.234
1.256

1.167
1.191
1.214
1.236
1.258

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

1.260
1.281
1.301
1.320
1.339

1.262
1.283
1.303
1.322
1.341

1.264
1.285
1.305
1.324
1.343

1.266
1.287
1.306
1.326
1.344

1268
1.289
1.308
1.328
1.346

1.270
1.291
1.310
1.330
1.348

1.272
1.293
1.312
1.331
1.350

1.274
1.295
1.314
1.333
1.352

1.277
1.297
1.316
1.335
1.354

1.279
1.299
1.318
1.337
1.355

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

1.357
1.375
1.392
1.409
1.426

1.359
1.377
1.394
1.411
1.428

1.361
1.379
1.396
1.413
1.429

1.363
1.380
1.398
1.414
1.431

1.364
1.382
1.399
1.416
1.433

1.366
1.384
1.401
1.418
1.434

1.368
1.386
1.403
1.419
1.436

1.370
1.387
1.404
1.421
1.437

1.372
1.389
1.406
1.423
1.439

1.373
1.391
1.408
1.424
1.441

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

1.442
1.458
1.474
1.489
1.504

1.444
1.460
1.475
1.490
1.505

1.445
1.461
1.477
1.492
1.507

1.447
1.463
1.478
1.493
1.508

1.449
1.464
1.480
1.495
1.510

1.450
1.466
1.481
1.496
1.511

1.452
1.467
1.483
1.498
1.512

1.453
1.469
1.484
1.499
1.514

1.455
I.471
1.486
1.501
1.515

1.457
1.472
1.487
1.502
1.517

3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

1.518
1.533
1.547
1.560
1.574

1.520
1.534
1.548
1562
1.575

1.521
1.535
1.549
1.563
1.577

1.523
1.537
1.551
1.565
1.578

1.524
1.538
1.552
1.566
1.579

1.525
1.540
1.554
1.567
1.581

1.527
1.541
1.555
1.569
1.582

1.528
I.542
1.556
1.570
1.583

1.530
1.544
1.558
1.571
1.585

1.531
1.545
I .559
1.573
1.586

4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

1.567
1.601
1.613
1.626
1.639

1.589
1.602
1.615
1627
1.640

1.590
1.603
1.616
1.629
1.641

1.591
1.604
1.617
1.630
1.642

1.593
1.606
1.619
1.631
1.644

1.594
1.607
1.820
1.632
1.645

1.595
1.608
1.621
1.634
1.646

1.597
1.610
1.622
1.635
1.647

1.598
1.811
1.624
1.636
1.649

1.599
1.612
1.625
1.637
1.650

4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9

1.651
1.663
1.675
1.687
1.698

1.652
1.664
1.676
1.688
1.700

1.653
1.666
1.677
1.689
1.701

1.655
1.667
1.679
1.690
1.702

1.656
1.668
1.680
1.692
1.703

1.657
1.669
1.681
1.693
1.704

1.658
1.670
1.682
1.694
1.705

1.659
1.671
1.683
1.695
1.707

1.681
1.673
1.685
1.696
1.708

1.662
1.674
1.686
1.697
1.709

5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

1.710
1.721
1.732
1.744
1.754

1.711
1.722
1.734
1.745
1.755

1.712
1.724
1.735
1.746
1.757

1.713
1.725
1.736
1.747
1.758

1.715
1.726
1.737
1.748
1.759

1.716
1.727
1.738
1.749
1.760

1.717
1.728
1.739
1.750
1.761

1.718
1.729
I.740
1.751
1.762

1.719
1.730
1.741
1.752
1.763

1.720
1.731
1.742
1.753
1.764

5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9

1.765
1.776
1.786
1.797
1.807

1.766
1.777
1.787
1.798
1.808

1.767
1.778
1.788
1.799
1.809

1.768
1.779
1.789
1.800
1.810

1.769
1.780
1.790
1.801
1.811

I.771
1.781
1.792
1.802
1.812

1.772
1.782
1.793
1.803
1.813

1.773
1.783
1.794
1.804
1.814

1.774
1.784
1.795
1.805
1.815

1.775
1.785
1.796
1.806
1.816

6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4

1.817
1.827
1.837
1.847
1.857

1.818
1.828
1.838
1.848
1.858

1.819
1.829
1.839
1.849
1.859

1.820
1.830
1.840
1.850
1.860

1.821
1.831
1.841
1.851
1.860

1.822
1.832
1.842
1.852
1.861

1.823
1.833
1.843
1.853
1.862

1.824
1.834
1.844
1.854
1.883

1.825
1.835
1.845
1.855
1.864

1.826
1.836
1.846
1.856
1.865

6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9

1.866
1.876
1.885
1.895
1904

1.867
1.877
1.886
1.895
1.905

1.868
1.878
1.887
1.896
1.906

1.869
1.879
1.888
1.897
1.907

1.870
1.880
1.889
1.898
1.907

1.871
1.881
1.890
1.899
1.908

1.872
1.881
1.891
1.900
1.909

1.873
1.882
1.892
1.901
1.910

1.874
1.883
1.893
1.902
1.911

1.875
1.884
1.894
1.903
1.912

Explanation of Table of Cube Roots

This tablegives the value of fi for values of N from 1 to 1,000,correctto four figures.(interpolated
values may be in
errorby 1 in the fourthfigure).
To findthe square root of a number N outside the range from 1 to 1,000, dividethe digitsof the number intoblocks
of three (beginning with the decimal point),and note that moving the decimal point fhree laces in column N is
equivalentto moving itone lace in the cube root of N. For example, %%%?
= 1.396, Kit
= 3.007 ?/zix=
6.477 tb-?% =13.96
&iii6
=30.07, m
=64.77, ?0.000002718 =0.01396, w
=0.03007,
and m
=0.06477.

MATHEMATlCALTABLES&UNlTS

& SYSTEMSOFWElGHTS&

TABLE

1.4-CUBE

MEASURES

ROOTS

OF NUMBERS

1-15

(continued)

Average
Difference

7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4

1.913
1.922
1.931
1.940
1.949

1.914
1.923
1.932
1.941
1.950

1.915
1.924
1.933
1.942
1.950

1.916
1.925
1.934
1.943
1.951

1.917
1.926
1.935
1.943
1.952

1.917
1.926
1.935
1.944
1.953

1.918
1.927
1.936
1.945
1.954

1.919
1.928
1.937
1.946
1.955

1.920
1.929
1.938
1.947
1.956

1.921
1.930
1.939
1.948
1.957

7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9

1.957
1.966
1.975
1.983
1.992

1.958
1.967
1.976
1.984
1.992

1.959
1.968
1.976
1.985
1.993

1.960
1.969
1.977
1.986
1.994

1.961
1.970
1.978
1.987
1.995

1.962
1.970
1.979
1.987
1.996

1.963
1.971
1.980
1.988
1.997

1.964
1.972
1.981
1.989
1.997

1.964
1.973
1.981
1.990
1.998

1.965
1.974
1.962
1.991
1.999

8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4

2.000
2.008
2.017
2.025
2.033

2.001
2.009
2.017
2.026
2.034

2.002
2.010
2.018
2.026
2.034

2.002
2.011
2.019
2027
2.035

2.003
2.012
2.020
2.028
2.036

2.004
2.012
2.021
2.029
2.037

2.005
2.013
2.021
2.030
2.038

2.006
2.014
2.022
2.030
2.038

2.007
2.015
2.023
2.031
2.039

2.007
2.016
2.024
2.032
2.040

8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9

2.041
2.049
2.057
2.065
2.072

2.042
2.050
2.057
2.065
2.073

2.042
2.050
2.058
2.066
2.074

2.043
2.051
2.059
2.067
2.075

2.044
2.052
2.060
2.068
2.075

2.045
2.053
2.061
2.068
2.076

2.046
2.054
2.061
2.069
2.077

2.046
2.054
2.062
2.070
2.078

2.047
2.055
2.063
2.071
2.079

2.046
2.056
2.064
2.072
2.079

9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

2.080
2.088
2.095
2.103
2.110

2.081
2.089
2.096
2.104
2.111

2.082
2.089
2.097
2.104
2.112

2.082
2.090
2.098
2.105
2.113

2.083
2.091
2.098
2.106
2.113

2.084
2.092
2.099
2.107
2.114

2.085
2.092
2.100
2.107
2.115

2.085
2.093
2.101
2.108
2.116

2.086
2.094
2.101
2.109
2.116

2.087
2.095
2.102
2.110
2.117

9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9

2.118
2.125
2.133
2.140
2.147

2.119
2.126
2.133
2.141
2.148

2.119
2.127
2.134
2.141
2.149

2.120
2.128
2.135
2.142
2.149

2.121
2.128
2.136
2.143
2.150

2.122
2.129
2.136
2.144
2.151

2.122
2.130
2.137
2.144
2.152

2.123
2.130
2.138
2.145
2.152

2.124
2.131
2.139
2.146
2.153

2.125
2.132
2.139
2.147
2.154

10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0

2.154
2.224
2.289
2.351
2.410

2.162
2.231
2.296
2.357
2.416

2.169
2.237
2.302
2.363
2.422

2.176
2.244
2.308
2.369
2.427

2.183
2.251
2.315
2.375
2.433

2.190
2.257
2.321
2.381
2.438

2.197
2.264
2.327
2.387
2.444

2.204
2.270
2.333
2.393
2.450

2.210
2.277
2.339
2.399
2.455

2.217
2.263
2.345
2.404
2.461

7
6

15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0

2.466
2.520
2.571
2.621
2.668

2.472
2.525
2.576
2.626
2.673

2.477
2.530
2.581
2.630
2.678

2.483
2.535
2.586
2.635
2.682

2.488
2.541
2.591
2.640
2.687

2.493
2.546
2.596
2.645
2.692

2.499
2.551
2.601
2.650
2.696

2.504
2.556
2.606
2.654
2.701

2.509
2.561
2.611
2.659
2.705

2.515
2.566
2.616
2.664
2.710

20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0

2.714
2.759
2.802
2.844
2.884

2.719
2.763
2.806
2.648
2.888

2.723
2.768
2.811
2.852
2.892

2.728
2.772
2.815
2.856
2.896

2.732
2.776
2.819
2.860
2.900

2.737
2.781
2.823
2.864
2.904

2.741
2.785
2.827
2.868
2.908

2.746
2.789
2.831
2.872
2.912

2.750
2.794
2.836
2.876
2.916

2.755
2.798
2.840
2.880
2.920

25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0

2.924
2.962
3.000
3.037
3.072

2.928
2.966
3.004
3.040
3.076

2.932
2.970
3.007
3.044
3.079

2.936
2.974
3.011
3.047
3.083

2.940
2.978
3.015
3.051
3.086

2.943
2.981
3.018
3.055
3.090

2.947
2.985
3.022
3.058
3.093

2.951
2.989
3.026
3.062
3.097

2.955
2.993
3.029
3.065
3.100

2.959
2.996
3.033
3.069
3.104

30.0
31.0
32.0
33.0
34.0

3.107
3.141
3.175
3.208
3.240

3.111
3.145
3.178
3.211
3.243

3.114
3.148
3.181
3.214
3.246

3.118
3.151
3.185
3.217
3.249

3.121
3.155
3.188
3.220
3.252

3.124
3.158
3.191
3.224
3.255

3.128
3.162
3.195
3.227
3.259

3.131
3.165
3.198
3.230
3.262

3.135
3.168
3.201
3.233
3.265

3.138
3.171
3.204
3.236
3.268

35.0
36.0
37.0
38.0
39.0

3.271
3.302
3.332
3.362
3.391

3.274
3.305
3.335
3.365
3.394

3.277
3.308
3.338
3.368
3.397

3.280
3.311
3.341
3.371
3.400

3.283
3.314
3.344
3.374
3.403

3.287
3.317
3.347
3.377
3.406

3.290
3.320
3.350
3.380
3.409

3.293
3.323
3.353
3.382
3.411

3.296
3.326
3.356
3.385
3.414

3.299
3.329
3.359
3.388
3.417

-=14&%59aI

nd I/ 3- x=0 592794

(continued

on next page)

1-16

PETROLEUM

TABLE

1.4-CUBE

ROOTS

40.0
41.0
42.0
43.0
44.0

3.420
3.448
3.476
3.503
3.530

3.423
3.451
3.479
3.506
3.533

3.426
3.454
3.482
3.509
3.536

3.428
3.457
3.484
3.512
3.538

3.431
3.459
3.487
3.514
3.541

45.0
46.0
47.0
48.0
49.0

3.557
3.583
3.609
3.634
3.659

3.560
3.586
3.611
3.637
3.662

3.562
3.566
3.614
3.639
3.664

3.565
3.591
3.616
3.642
3.867

50.0
51.0
52.0
53.0
54.0

3.684
3.708
3.733
3.756
3.780

3.686
3.711
3.735
3.759
3.782

3.689
3.713
3.737
3.761
3.784

55.0
56.0
57.0
58.0
59.0

3.803
3.826
3.849
3.871
3.893

3.805
3.828
3.851
3.873
3.895

60.0
61.0
62.0
63.0
64.0

3.915
3.936
3.958
3.979
4.000

65.0
66.0
67.0
68.0
69.0

OF NUMBERS

3.434
3.462
3.490
3.517
3.544

3.437
3.465
3.493
3.520
3.546

3.440
3.468
3.495
3.522
3.549

3.443
3.471
3.498
3.525
3.552

3.445
3.473
3.501
3.528
3.554

3.567
3.593
3.619
3.644
3.669

3.570
3.596
3.622
3.647
3.672

3.573
3.599
3.624
3.649
3.674

3.575
3.601
3.627
3.652
3.677

3.578
3.604
3.629
3.654
3.679

3.580
3.606
3.632
3.657
3.682

3.691
3.716
3.740
3.763
3.787

3.694
3.718
3.742
3.766
3.789

3.696
3.721
3.744
3.768
3.791

3.699
3.723
3.747
3.770
3.794

3.701
3.725
3.749
3.773
3.796

3.704
3.728
3.752
3.775
3.798

3.706
3.730
3.754
3.777
3.801

3.808
3.630
3.853
3.875
3.897

3.810
3.833
3.855
3.878
3.900

3.812
3.835
3.857
3.880
3.902

3.814
3.837
3.860
3.882
3.904

3.817
3.839
3.862
3.884
3.906

3.819
3.842
3.864
3.886
3.908

3.821
3.844
3.866
3.889
3.911

3.824
3.846
3.869
3.891
3.913

3.917
3.939
3.960
3.981
4.002

3.919
3.941
3.962
3.983
4.004

3.921
3.943
3.964
3.985
4.006

3.924
3.945
3.966
3.987
4.008

3.926
3.947
3.968
3.990
4.010

3.928
3.949
3.971
3.992
4.012

3.930
3.951
3.973
3.994
4.015

3.932
3.954
3.975
3.996
4.017

3.934
3.956
3.977
3.998
4.019

4.021
4.041
4.062
4.082
4.102

4.023
4.043
4.064
4.084
4.104

4.025
4.045
4.066
4.086
4.106

4.027
4.047
4.068
4.088
4.108

4.029
4.049
4.070
4.090
4.109

4.031
4.051
4.072
4.092
4.111

4.033
4.053
4.074
4.094
4.113

4.035
4.055
4.076
4.096
4.115

4.037
4.058
4.078
4.098
4.117

4.039
4.060
4.080
4.100
4.119

70.0
71.0
72.0
73.0
74.0

4.121
4.141
4.160
4.179
4.198

4.123
4.143
4.162
4.181
4.200

4.125
4.145
4.164
4.183
4.202

4.127
4.147
4.166
4.185
4.204

4.129
4.149
4.168
4.187
4.206

4.131
4.151
4.170
4.189
4.208

4.133
4.152
4.172
4.191
4.210

4.135
4.154
4.174
4.193
4.212

4.137
4.156
4.176
4.195
4.213

4.139
4.158
4.177
4.196
4.215

75.0
76.0
77.0
78.0
79.0

4.217
4.236
4.254
4.273
4.291

4.219
4.238
4.256
4.274
4.293

4.221
4.240
4.258
4.278
4.294

4.223
4.241
4.260
4.278
4.296

4.225
4.243
4.262
4.280
4.298

4.227
4.245
4.264
4.282
4.300

4.228
4.247
4.265
4.284
4.302

4.230
4.249
4.267
4.285
4.303

4.232
4.251
4.269
4.287
4.305

4.234
4.252
4.271
4.289
4.307

80.0
81.0
82.0
83.0
84.0

4.309
4.327
4.344
4.362
4.380

4.311
4.329
4.346
4.364
4.381

4.312
4.330
4.348
4.366
4.383

4.314
4.332
4.350
4.367
4.365

4.316
4.334
4.352
4.369
4.366

4.318
4.336
4.353
4.371
4.388

4.320
4.337
4.355
4.373
4.390

4.321
4.339
4.357
4.374
4.392

4.323
4341
4.359
4.376
4.393

4.325
4.343
4.360
4.370
4.395

85.0
86.0
87.0
88.0
89.0

4.397
4.414
4.431
4.448
4.465

4.399
4.416
4.433
4.450
4.466

4.400
4.417
4.434
4.451
4.468

4.402
4.419
4.436
4.453
4.470

4.404
4.421
4.438
4.455
4.471

4.405
4.423
4.440
4.456
4.473

4.407
4.424
4.441
4.458
4.475

4.409
4.426
4.443
4.460
4.476

4.411
4.428
4.445
4.461
4.478

4.412
4.429
4.446
4.463
4.480

90.0
91.0
92.0
93.0
94.0

4.481
4.498
4.514
4.531
4.547

4.483
4.500
4.516
4.532
4.548

4.485
4.501
4.518
4.534
4.550

4.486
4.503
4.519
4.536
4.552

4.488
4.505
4.521
4.537
4.553

4.490
4.506
4.523
4.539
4.555

4.491
4.508
4.524
4.540
4.556

4.493
4.509
4.526
4.542
4.558

4.495
4.511
4.527
4.544
4.560

4.496
4.513
4.529
4.545
4.561

95.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
99.0

4.563
4.579
4.595
4.610
4.626

4.565
4.580
4.596
4.612
4.628

4.566
4.582
4.598
4.614
4.629

4.568
4.584
4.599
4.615
4.631

4.569
4.585
4.601
4.617
4.632

4.571
4.587
4.603
4.618
4.634

4.572
4.588
4.604
4.620
4.635

4.574
4.590
4.608
4.621
4.637

4.576
4.592
4.607
4.623
4.638

4.577
4.593
4.609
4.625
4.640

xc

HANDBOOK

(continued)

ENGINEERING

1 46459 and II a- T = 0 682784

Average
Difference
3

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS

& SYSTEMS

OF WEIGHTS

TABLE 1.4-CUBE

--

& MEASURES

1-17

ROOTS OF NUMBERS (continued)

Average
Difference

Cube roots of numbers from 100.0 to 499.0

4.642
4.791
4.932
5.066
5.192

4.657
4.806
4.946
5.079
5.205

4.672
4.820
4.960
5.092
5.217

4.688
4.835
4.973
5.104
5.229

18
19

5.313
5.429
5.540
5.646

5.325
5.440
5.550
5.657

5.337
5.451
5.561
5.667

5.360
5.474
5.583
5.888

5.749

5.759

5.769

5.346
5.463
5.572
5.677
5.779

20
21
22
23
24

5.848
5.944
6.037
6.127
6.214

5.858
5.953
6.046
6.136
6.223

5.867
5.963
8.055
6.145
8.232

5.877
5.972
6.064
6.153
6.240

5.887
5.981
6.073
6.162
6.249

5.896
5.991
6.082
6.171
8.257

25
26

6.308

6.316

6.391

6.399
6.479

;i
29

6.300
6.383
6.463
6.542
6.619

6.325
6.407
6.487
6.565
6.642

6.333
6.415
6.495
6.573
6.649

30
31
32
33
34

6.694
6.768
6.840
6.901
6.980

6.702
6.775
6.847
6.917

6.986

6.782
6.854
6.924
6.993

6.717
6.790
6.861
6.931
7.000

35
36
37
38
39

7.047
7.114
7.179
7.243
7.306

7.054
7.120
7.186
7.250
7.312

7.061
7.127
7.192
7.256
7.319

40
41
42
43
44

7.368
7.429
7.489
7.548
7.606

7.374
7.435
7.495
7.554
7.612

45
46
47
48
49

7.663
7.719
7.775
7.830
7.884

7.669

50
51
52
53
54

7.937
7.990

7.942
7.995

8.041
8.093
8.143

55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62

10
11
12
13
14

15
16
17

5.040
5.168
5.290

4.777
4.919
5.053
5.180
5.301

5.815
5.718
5.819

5.406
5.518
5.625
5.729
5.82(

5.418
5.529
5.636
5.739
5.838

5.906
6.000
6.091
6.180
6.266

5.915
6.009
6.100

5.92!
6.Oli
6.109

6.188
6.274

6.197
6.283

5.934
8.028
6.118
6.206
6.291

6.341
6.423
6.503
6.581
6.657

6.350
8.431
6.511
8.589
8.664

6.358
6.439
6.519
6.596
6.672

6.366
6.447
6.527
6.604
6.679

6.374
6.455
6.534
6.611
6.667

6.724
6.797
6.868
6.938
7.007

6.731
6.804
6.875
6.945
7.014

6.739
6.811
8.882
6.952
7.020

6.746
6.818

6.753
6.826

6.761
6.833

6.889
6.959

6.896
6.966

8.903
6.973

7.027

7.034

7.041

7.067
7.133
7.198
7.262
7.325

7.074
7.140
7.205
7.268
7.331

7.081
7.147
7.211
7.275
7.337

7.087
7.153
7.218
7.281
7.343

7.094
7.160
7.224
7.287
7.350

7.101
7.166
7.230
7.294
7.356

7.107
7.173
7.237
7.300
7.362

7.380
7.441
7.501
7.560
7.617

7.386
7.447
7.507
7.565
7.623

7.393
7.453
7.513
7.571
7.629

7.399
7.459
7.518
7.577
7.635

7.405
7.465
7.524
7.563
7.640

7.411
7.471
7.530
7.589
7.646

7.417
7.477
7.536
7.594
7.652

7.423
7.463
7.542
7.600
7.657

7.725
7.780
7.835

7.674
7.731
7.786
7.841

7.680
7.736

7.686
7.742

7.791

7.797

7.889

7.894

7.846
7.900

7.851
7.905

7.691
7.747
7.802
7.857

7.697
7.753
7.808
7.862
7.916

7.703
7.758
7.813
7.868
7.921

7.708
7.764
7.819
7.873
7.926

7.714
7.769
7.824
7.878
7.932

6.471
6.550
6.627

6.558
6.634

6.709

4.703

4.849
4.987
5.117
5.241

5.789

4.718
4.863
5.000
5.130
5.254

4.733
4.877
5.013
5.143
5.266

4.747
4.891
5.027
5.155
5.278

5.372
5.485

5.363
5.496
5.604
5.708
5.809

5.395

5.593
5.698
5.799

7.910

5.507

Cube roots of numbers from 500.0 to 1.000.0

7.958
7.963
7.969
7.974
7.948
7.953

4.762

4.905

7.979

7.984

8.047
8.098
8.148

8.000
8.052
8.103
8.153

8.005
8.057
8.108
8.158

8.010
8.062
8.113
8.163

8.016
8.067
8.118
8.168

8.021
8.072
8.123
8.173

8.026
8.077
8.128
8.178

8.031
8.082
8.133
8.183

8.036
8.088
8.138
8.188

8.193
8.243
8.291
8.340
8.387

8.198
8.247
8.296
8.344
8.392

8.203
8.252
8.301
a.349
8.397

8.208
8.257
8.306
8.354
8.401

8.213
8.262
8.311
8.359
8.406

8.218
8.267
8.316
8.363
8.411

8.223
8.272
8.320
8.368
8.416

8.228
8.277
8.325
8.373
8.420

8.233
8.282
8.330
8.378
8.425

8.238
8.286
8.335
8.382
8.430

6":

8.434
8.481
8.527
8.573
8.618

8.439
8.486
8.532
6.577
8.622

8.444
8.490
8.536
8.582
8.627

8.448
8.495
8.541
8.586
8.631

8.453
6.499
8.545
8.591
8.636

8.458
8.504
8.550
8.595
8.640

8.462
8.509
8.554
8.600
8.645

8.487
8.513
8.559
8.604
8.649

8.472
6.518
8.564
8.609
8.853

8.476
8.522
8.568
8.613
8.658

65
66
67
68
69

8.662
8.707
8.750
8.794
8.837

8.667
8.711
8.755
8.798
8.841

8.671
6.715
8.759
8.802
8.845

8.676
8.720
8.763
8.607
8.849

8.680
8.724
8.768
8.811
8.854

8.685
6.729
8.772
8.815
8.858

8.689
8.733
8.776
8.819
8.862

8.693

8.698

8.737
8.781
8.824
8.866

8.742
8.785
8.828
8.871

8.702
8.746
8.789
8.632
8.875

?-i=

1 46459 and l/x=

15
14
13
12
11
10

0.662764

(contmed

on next page)

PETROLEUM

1-18

TABLE

1.4-CUBE

ROOTS

OF NUMBERS

ENGINEERING

(continued)

Average
Difference

70
71
72
73
74

8.679
6.921
8.963
9.004
9.045

8.683
6.925
8.967
9.008
9.049

6.867
6.929
8.971
9.012
9.053

8.892
8.934
6.975
9.016
9.057

8.896
6.938
6.979
9.021
9.061

8.900
8.924
8.984
9.025
9.065

8.904
8.946
8.968
9.029
9.069

8.909
8.950
8.992
9.033
9.073

6.913
6.955
6.996
9.037
9.078

8.917
8.959
9.000
9.041
9.062

75
76
77
76
79

9.066
9.126
9.166
9.205
9.244

9.090
9.130
9.170
9.209
9.248

9.094
9.134
9.174
9.213
9.252

9.098
9.138
9.178
9.217
9.256

9.102
9.142
9.182
9.221
9.260

9.106
9.146
9.185
9.225
9.264

9.110
9.150
9.189
9.229
9.268

9.114
9.154
9.193
9.233
9.272

9.118
9.158
9.197
9.237
9.275

9.122
9.162
9.201
9.240
9.279

BO
81
82
83
64

9.283
9.322
9.360
9.396
9.435

9.267
9.326
9.364
9.402
9.439

9.291
9.329
9.366
9.405
9.443

9.295
9.333
9.371
9.409
9.447

9.299
9.337
9.375
9.413
9.450

9.302
9.341
9.379
9.417
9.454

9.306
9.345
9.383
9.420
9.456

9.310
9.348
9.366
9.424
9.462

9.314
9.352
9.390
9.428
9.465

9.318
9.356
9.394
9.432
9.469

85
86
87
88
69

9.473
9.510
9.546
9.583
9.619

9.476
9.513
9.550
9.586
9.623

9.480
9.517
9.554
9.590
9.626

9.484
9.521
9.557
9.594
9.630

9.486
9.524
9.561
9.597
9.633

9.491
9.528
9.565
9.601
9.637

9.495
9.532
9.568
9.605
9.641

9.499
9.535
9.572
9.608
9.644

9.502
9.539
9.576
9.612
9.646

9.506
9.543
9.579
9.615
9.651

90
91
92
93
94

9.655
9.691
9.726
9.761
9.796

9.656
9.694
9.729
9.764
9.799

9.662
9.698
9.733
9.766
9.803

9.666
9.701
9.736
9.771
9.806

9.669
9.705
9.740
9.775
9.810

9.673
9.706
9.743
9.776
9.813

9.676
9.712
9.747
9.762
9.617

9.680
9.715
9.750
9.765
9.620

9.683
9.719
9.754
9.789
9.824

9.687
9.722
9.758
9.792
9.627

95
96
97
96
99

9.630
9.865
9.899
9.933
9.967

9.634
9.868
9.902
9.936
9.970

9.637
9.872
9.906
9.940
9.973

9.841
9.875
9.909
9.943
9.977

9.844
9.879
9.913
9.946
9.980

9.846
9.882
9.916
9.950
9.983

9.651
9.885
9.919
9.953
9.987

9.655
9.669
9.923
9.956
9.990

9.858
9.892
9.926
9.960
9.993

9.861
9.696
9.930
9.963
9.997

100

10.00

CUBE
%N%
0.7937
0.6934
0.8736
0.6300
0.9086
0.5648
0.7368

-3/5
%
'/,
y6
'/,
+$
%

0.8434
0.9263
0.5503
0.9410
0.5226
0.6566
0.7539

ROOTS
N%
%
%
%
'/6
%6
6/S

X8

OF CERTAIN

0.8296
0.6939
0.9499
0.5000
0.7211
0.8550
0.9565

K= 146459

N%
'/9
2/9
4/
79
x3
Y9
'A2

FRACTIONS
-

~
0.4807
0.6057
0.7631
0.6221
0.9196
0.9615
0.4368

and li r ~=0.682764

HANDBOOK

%2
%?
.'"A2
%6
%6
%6
%6

%
0.7469
0.6355
0.9714
0.3969
0.5724
0.6786
0.7591

N
%6
"/lj
'3/16
's6
'/a2
'164

%o

%
0.8255
0.6826
0.9331
0.9767
0.3150
0.2500
0.2714

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS

& SYSTEMS

OF WEIGHTS

TABLEl.5-THREE-HALVES

1.154
3.043
5.458
8.302

2
1.315
3.263
5.724
8.607

3
1.482
3.466
5.995
8.917

4
1.657
3.718
6.269
9.230

l-19

& MEASURES

POWERS

5
1.837
3.953
6.546
9.546

OFNUMBERS

6
2.024
4.192
6.831
9.866

7
2.217
4.437
7.117
10.190
10.19

Average
Difference

2.415
4.685
7.408
10.52

10.85

183
237
280
313
33

5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0

11.18
14.70
18.52
22.63
27.00

11.52
15.07
16.92
23.05
27.45

11.86
15.44
19.32
23.46
27.90

12.20
15.61
19.72
23.91
26.36

12.55
16.19
20.13
24.35
28.82

12.90
16.57
20.54
24.76
29.28

13.25
16.96
20.95
25.22
29.74

13.61
17.34
21.37
25.66
30.21

13.97
17.73
21.78
26.11
30.68

14.33
16.12
22.20
26.55
31.15

35
38
41
44
46

10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0

31.62
36.48
41.57
46.87
52.38

32.10
36.98
42.09
47.41
52.95

32.56
37.48
42.61
47.96
53.51

33.06
37.99
43.14
48.50
54.08

33.54
38.49
43.66
49.05
54.64

34.02
39.00
44.19
49.60
55.21

34.51
39.51
44.73
50.15
55.79

35.00
40.02
45.26
50.71
56.36

35.49
40.53
45.79
51.26
56.94

35.99
41.05
46.33
51.82
57.51

49
51
53
55
57

15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0

58.09
64.00
70.09
76.37
82.82

58.68
64.60
70.71
77.00
83.47

59.26
65.20
71.33
77.64
84.13

59.85
65.81
71.96
78.26
84.79

60.43
66.41
72.58
76.93
85.45

61.02
67.02
73.21
79.57
86.11

61.62
67.63
73.84
60.22
66.77

62.21
68.25
74.47
60.87
87.44

62.80
66.66
75.10
81.51
88.10

63.40
69.48
75.73
82.17
68.77

59

20.0
21.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0

89.44
96.23

90.11
96.92

90.79
97.61

91.46
98.30

92.14
99.00

92.82
99.69

94.18

94.86

95.55

103.2
110.3
117.6

103.9
111.0
118.3

104.6
111.7
119.0

105.3
112.5
119.8

106.0
113.2
120.5

106.7
113.9
121.3

93.50
100.38
100.4
107.4
114.6
122.0

101.1
108.2
115.4
122.8

101.8
108.9
116.1
123.5

102.5
109.6
116.8
124.3

66
69
7
7
7
7

25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0

125.0
132.6
140.3
148.2
156.2

125.8
133.3
141.1
149.0
157.0

126.5
134.1
141.9
149.8
157.8

127.3
134.9
142.6
150.5
158.6

128.0
135.6
143.4
151.3
159.4

128.8
136.4
144.2
152.1
160.2

129.5
137.2
145.0
153.0
161.9

130.3
138.0
145.8
153.8
161.9

131.0
138.7
146.6
154.6
162.7

131.8
139.5
147.4
155.4
163.5

30.0
31.0
32.0
33.0
34.0

164.3
172.6
181.0
189.6
198.3

165.1
173.4
181.9
190.4
199.1

166.0
174.3
182.7
191.3
200.0

166.8
175.1
183.6
192.2
200.9

167.6
176.0
184.4
193.0
201.8

168.4
176.8
185.3
193.9
202.6

169.3
177.6
186.1
194.8
203.5

170.1
178.5
187.0
195.6
204.4

170.9
179.3
187.9
196.5
205.3

171.8
180.2
188.7
197.4
206.2

6
0
9
9
9

35.0
36.0
37.0
38.0
39.0

207.1
216.0
225.1
234.2
243.6

208.0
216.9
226.0
235.2
244.5

208.8
217.8
226.9
236.1
245.4

209.7
218.7
227.6
237.0
246.4

210.6
219.6
226.7
238.0
247.3

211.5
220.5
229.6
238.9
246.3

212.4
221.4
230.6
239.8
249.2

213.3
222.3
231.5
240.8
250.1

214.2
223.2
232.4
241.7
251.1

215.1
224.2
233.3
242.6
252.0

9
9
9

40.0
41.0
42.0
43.0
44.0

253.0
262.5
272.2
282.0
291.9

253.9
263.5
273.2
283.0
292.9

254.9
264.5
274.1
283.9
293.9

255.6
265.4
275.1
264.9
294.9

256.8
266.4
276.1
285.9
295.9

257.7
267.3
277.1
286.9
296.9

258.7
266.3
278.0
267.9
297.9

259.7
269.3
279.0
288.9
298.9

260.6
270.2
280.0
269.9
299.9

261.6
271.2
281.0
290.9
300.9

10
IO
10
10
10

45.0
46.0
47.0
48.0
49.0

301.9
312.0
322.2
332.6
343.0

302.9
313.0
323.2
333.6
344.0

303.9
314.0
324.3
334.6
345.1

304.9
315.0
325.3
335.7
346.2

305.9
316.1
326.3
336.7
347.2

306.9
317.1
327.4
337.8
348.3

307.9
318.1
326.4
336.6
349.3

308.9
319.1
329.4
339.9
350.4

310.0
320.2
330.5
340.9
351.4

311 .o
321.2
331.5
342.0
352.5

IO
10
10
10
11

50.0
51.0
52.0
53.0
54.0

353.6
364.2
375.0
365.6
396.8

354.6
365.3
376.1
386.9
397.9

355.7
366.4
377.1
388.0
399.0

356.7
367.4
376.2
389.1
400.1

357.8
366.5
379.3
390.2
401.2

358.9
369.6
380.4
391.3
402.3

359.9
370.7
381.5
392.4
403.4

361.0
371.7
362.6
393.5
404.6

362.1
372.6
383.7
394.6
405.7

363.1
373.9
384.6
395.7
406.8

11
11
11
11
11

55.0
56.0
57.0
58.0
59.0

407.9
419.1
430.3
441.7
453.2

409.0
420.2
431.5
442.9
454.3

410.1
421.3
432.6
444.0
455.5

411.2
422.4
433.7
445.1
456.6

412.3
423.6
434.9
446.3
457.8

413.5
424.7
436.0
447.4
459.0

414.6
425.8
437.1
446.6
460.1

415.7
426.9
436.3
449.7
461.3

416.8
428.1
439.4
450.9
462.4

418.0
429.2
440.6
452.0
463.6

11
11
11
11
12

1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
4.0

1.000
2.626
5.196
8.000

2.619
4.939
7.702

:A
65
66

Explanationof Table
This tablegives N3 from N= 1 to N= 100. Moving the decimal point two places in N requiresmoving itthree places in body of
table. For example, (7.23)3
= 19.44, (723.)3= 19,440, (0.0723)32
=0.01944, (72.3)32
=614.8, (7,230)3 =614,800, and
(0.723)3'2
=0.6148.
Used inversely,
thistable gwes M23 from M= 1 to M=l,OOO. For example, (0 6148)z3 =0.7230.
(conhnued

on next page)

PETROLEUM

l-20

TABLE

--

1.5-THREE-HALVES

POWERS

ENGINEERINGHANDBOOK

OF NUMEERS(continued)

Average
Difference

66.0
61.0
62.0
63.0
64.0

464.8
476.4
488.2
500.0
512.0

465.9
477.6
489.4
501.2
513.2

467.1
478.7
490.6
502.4
514.4

468.2
479.9
491.7
503.6
515.6

470.6
482.3
494.1
506.0
518.0

471.7
483.5
495.3
507.2
519.2

472.9

481.1
492.9
504.8
516.8

484.6
496.5
508.4
520.4

474.1
485.8
497.7
569.6
521.6

475.3
487.0
498.9
510.8
522.8

12
12
12
12
12

65.0
66.0
67.0
68.0

69.0

524.0
536.2
548.4
560.7
573.2

525.3
537.4
549.6
562.0
574.4

526.5
538.6
550.9
563.2
575.7

527.7
539.8
552.1
564.5
576.9

528.9
541.1
553.3
565.7
578.1

530.1
542.3
554.6
566.9
579.4

531.3
543.5
555.8
568.2
580.8

532.5
544.7
557.0
569.4
581.9

533.8
546.0
558.3
570.7
583.2

535.0
547.2
559.5
571.9
584.4

12
12
12
12
13

70.0
71.0
72.0
73.0
74.0

585.7
598.3
610.9
623.7
636.6

586.9
599.5
612.2
625.0
637.9

588.2
600.8
613.5
626.3
639.2

589.4
602.1
614.8
627.6
640.4

590.7
603.3
616.0
628.8
641.7

591.9
604.6
617.3
630.1
643.0

593.2
605.9
618.6
631.4
644.3

594.5
607.1
619.9
632.7
645.6

595.7
608.4
621.2
634.0
646.9

597.0
609.7
622.4
635.3
648.2

13
13
13
13
13

75.0
76.0
77.0
78.0
79.0

649.5
662.6
6757
688.9
702.2

650.8
663.9
677.0
690.2
703.5

652.1
665.2
678.3
691.5
704.8

653.4
686.5
679.6
692.9
706.2

654.7
867.8
680.9
694.2
707.5

656.0
669.1
682.3
695.5
708.8

657.3
670.4
683.6
696.8
710.2

658.6
671.7
684.9
898.2
711.5

659.9
673.0
686.2
699.5
712.9

661.2
674.4
687.6
700.8
714.2

13
13
13
13
13

60.0
81.0
62.0
83.0
84.0

715.5
729.0
742.5
756.2
769.9

716.9
730.4
743.9
757.5
771.2

718.2
731.7
745.3
758.9
772.6

719.6
733.1
746.6
760.3
774.0

720.9
734.4
748.0
761.6
775.4

722.3
735.8
749.3
763.0
776.8

723.6
737.1
750.7
764.4
778.1

725.0
738.5
752.1
765.8
779.5

726.3
739.8
753.4
767.1
780.9

727.7
741.2
754.8
768.5
782.3

13
14
14
14
14

85.0
86.0
87.0
88.0
89.0

783.7
797.5
811.5
825.5
839.6

785.0
798.9
812.9
826.9
841.0

786.4
800.3
814.3
828.3
842.5

787.8
801.7
815.7
829.7
843.9

789.2
803.1
817.1
831.1
845.3

790.6
804.5
818.5
832.6
848.7

792.0
805.9
819.9
834.0
848.1

793.4
807.3
821.3
835.4
849.5

794.8
808.7
822.7
836.8
851.0

796.1
810.1
824.1
838.2
852.4

14
14
14
14
14

90.0
91.0
92.0
93.0
94.0

853.8
868.1
882.4
896.9
911.4

855.2
869.5
883.9
898.3
912.8

856.7
870.9
885.3
899.8
914.3

858.1
872.4
886.8
901.2
915.7

859.5
873.8
888.2
902.7
917.2

860.9
875.2
889.6
904.1
918.6

862.4
876.7
891.1
905.6
920.1

863.8
878.1
892.5
907.0
921.6

865.2
879.6
894.0
908.5
923.0

886.7
881.0
895.4
909.9
924.5

14
14
14
15
15

95.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
99.0

925.9
940.6
955.3
970.2
985.0

927.4
942.1
956.8
971.6
986.5

928.9
943.5
958.3
973.1
988.0

930.3
945.0
959.8
974.6
989.5

931.8
946.5
961.3
976.1
991.0

933.3
948.0
962.7
977.6
992.5

934.7
949.4
964.2
979.1
994.0

936.2
950.9
985.7
980.6
995.5

937.7
952.4
967.2
982.1
997.0

939.1
953.9
968.7
983.5
998.5

E
15
15
15

100.0

469.4

l,ooo.o

AUXILIARY TABLE OF TWO-THIRDS

POWERS
AND THREE-HALVES
POWERS

(to assist in locating the decimal point)

For complete table of three-halvespowers, see preceding. That
table,used inversely,
providesa completetableoftwc-thirds
powers.
N
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0

10.0
100.0
l,ooo.o
10,000.0

/J( = G)
0.002154
0.01
0.0464
0.2154
1.0
4.64
21.54
100.0
464.16

N(=

d@)

0.000001
0.00003162
0.001
0.03162278
1.0
31.62278
l,ooo.o
31,622.78
1,000,000.0

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS 8 SYSTEMS

OF WEIGHTS

& MEASURES

l-21

1 ABLE 1.6--RECIPR IOCALS 0 IF NUMBE :RS

1.00
1 .Ol
1.02
1.03
1.04

0.9901
0.9804
0.9709
0.9615

1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09

0.9990

0.9980

0.9891

0.9881

0.9794
0.9699
0.9606

0.9785
0.9690
0.9597

0.9524
0.9434
0.9346
0.9259
0.9174

0.9515
0.9425
0.9337

0.9506

0.9251
0.9186

0.9416
0.9328
0.9242
0.9158

1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14

0.9091
0.9009
0.8929
0.8850
0.8772

0.9083
0.9001
0.8921
0.8842
0.8784

1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19

0.8696
0.8621
0.8547
0.8475
0.8403

1.20

0.9970
0.9872
0.9775
0.9681
0.9588

0.9960
0.9862
0.9786

0.9950
0.9852
0.9756
0.9662
0.9569

0.9940
0.9643
0.9747

0.9930
0.9833
0.9737
0.9643

0.9921
0.9823
0.9728

0.9671
0.9579

0.9653
0.9560

0.9551

0.9634
0.9542

0.9911
0.9814
0.9718
0.9625
0.9533

0.9461
0.9372
0.9285
0.9200
0.9116

0.9452
0.9363
0.9276
0.9191
0.9107

0.9443
0.9355
0.9268
0.9183
0.9099
0.9017

0.9479
0.9390

0.9234
0.9149

0.9488
0.9398
0.9311
0.9225
0.9141

0.9302
0.9217
0.9132

0.9470
0.9381
0.9294
0.9208
0.9124

0.9074
0.8993
0.8913
0.8834
0.8757

0.9066
0.8985
0.8905
0.8826
0.8749

0.9058
0.8977
0.8897
0.8818
0.8741

0.9050
0.8969
0.8889
0.8811
0.8734

0.9042
0.8961
0.8881
0.8803
0.8726

0.9033

0.8718

0.9025
0.8945
0.8865
0.8787
0.8711

0.8688
0.8613
0.8540
0.8487
0.8398

0.8681
0.8606
0.8532
0.8460
0.8389

0.8673
0.8598
0.8525
0.8453
0.8382

0.8666
0.8591
0.8518
0.8446
0.8375

0.8658
0.8584
0.8511
0.8439
0.8388

0.8651
0.8576
0.8503
0.8432
0.8361

0.8643
0.8569
0.8496
0.8425
0.8354

0.8636
0.8562
0.8489
0.8418
0.8347

0.8628
0.8554
0.6482
0.8410
0.8340

0.8333
0.8264
0.8197
0.8130
0.8065

0.8328
0.8258
0.8190
0.8123
0.8058

0.8319
0.8251
0.8183
0.8117
0.8052

0.8313
0.8244
0.8177
0.81IO
0.8045

0.8306
0.8237
0.8170
0.8104
0.8039

0.8299
0.8230
0.8163
0.8032

0.8292
0.8224
0.8157
0.8091
0.8026

0.8285
0.8217
0.8150
0.8084
0.8019

0.8278
0.8210
0.8143
0.8078
0.8013

0.8271
0.8203
0.8137
0.8071
0.8006

0.8000
0.7937
0.7874
0.7812
0.7752

0.7994
0.7930
0.7868
0.7806
0.7748

0.7987
0.7924
0.7862
0.7806
0.7740

0.7981
0.7918

0.7974
0.7911
0.7849
0.7788
0.7728

0.7968
0.7905
0.7843
0.7782
0.7722

0.7962
0.7899
0.7837
0.7776
0.7716

0.7955
0.7893
0.7831
0.7770
0.7710

0.7949
0.7886
0.7825
0.7764
0.7704

0.7943
0.7880
0.7819
0.7758
0.7898

1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34

0.7692
0.7634
0.7576
0.7519
0.7463

0.7686
0.7628
0.7570
0.7513
0.7457

0.7680
0.7822
0.7564
0.7508
0.7452

0.7559
0.7502
0.7446

0.7669
0.7610
0.7553
0.7496
0.7440

0.7683
0.7605
0.7547
0.7491
0.7435

0.7657
0.7599
0.7541
0.7485
0.7429

0.7651
0.7593
0.7536
0.7479
0.7424

0.7645
0.7587
0.7530
0.7474
0.7418

0.7639
0.7582
0.7524
0.7468
0.7413

1.36
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39

0.7407
0.7353
0.7299
0.7246
0.7194

0.7402
0.7348
0.7294
0.7241
0.7189

0.7396
0.7342
0.7289
0.7236
0.7184

0.7391
0.7337
0.7283
0.7231
0.7179

0.7386
0.7331
0.7278
0.7225
0.7174

0.7380
0.7326
0.7273
0.7220
0.7168

0.7375
0.7321
0.7267
0.7215
0.7163

0.7369
0.7315
0.7262
0.7210
0.7158

0.7364
0.7310
0.7257
0.7205
0.7153

0.7358
0.7305
0.7252
0.7199
0.7148

0.7143

0.7138
0.7087
0.7037
0.6988
0.6940

0.7133
0.7082
0.7032
0.6983
0.6935

0.7128
0.7077
0.7027
0.6978
0.6930

0.7123
0.7072
0.7022
0.6974
0.6925

0.7117
0.7067
0.7018
0.6969
0.6920

0.7112
0.7062
0.7013
0.6964
0.6916

0.7107
0.7057
0.7008
0.6911

0.7102
0.7052
0.7003
0.6954
0.6906

0.7097
0.7047
0.6998
0.6949
0.6901

0.6892
0.6845
0.6798
0.6752
0.6707

0.6887
0.8840
0.6793
0.6748
0.6702

0.6882
0.8835
0.6789
0.6743
0.6698

0.6878
0.8831
0.6784
0.8739
0.6693

0.6873
0.6826
0.6780
0.8734
0.6689

0.6868
0.6821
0.6775
0.6729
0.6684

0.6863
0.6817
0.6770
0.6725
0.6680

0.6859
0.6812
0.6766
0.8720
0.6676

0.6854
0.6807
0.6761
0.6718
0.6671

0.6494

0.6489

0.6658
0.6614
0.6570
0.6527
0.6485

0.6653
0.6609
0.6566
0.6523
0.6481

0.6649
0.6805
0.6562
0.6519
0.6477

0.6645
0.8601
0.6557
0.6515
0.6472

0.6640
0.8596
0.6553
0.6510
0.6468

0.6636
0.6592

0.6536

0.6662
0.6618
0.6575
0.6532

0.6631
0.8588
0.6545
0.6502
0.6460

0.6627
0.6583
0.6540
0.6498
0.6456

1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24

1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29

1.30

1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44

1.45
1.48
1.47
1.48
1.49

1 so
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54

0.7092
0.7042

0.6993
0.6944
0.6897
0.6849
0.6803
0.6757
0.6711
0.6667
0.6623

0.6579

0.9497
0.9407
0.9320

0.7855
0.7794
0.7734
0.7675
0.7616

0.8097

0.8953
0.8873

0.8795

0.6959

0.6549
0.6506
0.6464

Average
Difference
- 10

-9

-8

0.8937
0.8857
0.8780
0.8703
-7

-6

-5

-4

Explanation of Table of Reciprocals

This table gives the values of i/N forvalues of N from 1 to 10, correctto four figures.(Interpolated
values may be in
errorby 1 in the fourthfigure.)
To findthe reciprocalof a number N outside the range from 1 to 10, note that moving the decimal pointany number
of places in eitherdirectionin Column N isequivalentto moving itthe same number of places in the opposite direction
in the body of the table.For example, l/3.217=0.3109, 1/3,217=0.0003109, and 1/0.003217=310.9.

(continuedon next page)

PETROLEUM

1-22

TABLE

1.6--RECIPROCALS

-- 3

ENGINEERING

HANDBOOK

OF NUMBERS(continued)

Average
Difference
-4

1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59

0.6452
0.6410
0.8369
0.6329
0.6289

0.6447
0.6406
0.6365
0.6325
0.6285

0.6443
0.6402
0.6361
0.6321
0.6281

0.6439
0.6396
0.6357
0.6317
0.6277

0.6435
0.6394
0.6353
0.6313
0.6274

0.6431
0.6390
0.6349
0.6309
0.6270

0.6427
0.6366
0.6345
0.6305
0.6266

0.6423
0.6362
0.6341
0.6301
0.6262

0.6418
0.6376
0.6337
0.6297
0.6258

0.6414
0.6373
0.6333
0.6293
0.6254

1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64

0.6250
0.6211
0.6173
0.6135
0.6098

0.6246
0.6207
0.6169
0.6131
0.6094

0.6242
0.6203
0.6165
0.6127
0.6090

0.6238
0.6200
0.6161
0.6124
0.6086

0.6234
0.6196
0.6158
0.6120
0.6083

0.6231
0.6192
0.6154
0.6116
0.6079

0.6227
0.6168
0.6150
0.6112
0.6075

0.6223
0.6164
0.6146
0.6109
0.6072

0.6219
0.6180
0.6143
0.6105
0.6068

0.6215
0.6177
0.6139
0.6101
0.6064

1.65
1.66
1.67
1.66
1.a9

0.6061
0.6024
0.5988
0.5952
0.5917

0.6057
0.6020
0.5984
0.5949
0.5914

0.6053
0.6017
0.5981
0.5945
0.5910

0.6050
0.6013
0.5977
0.5942
0.5907

0.6046
0.6010
0.5974
0.5938
0.5903

0.6042
0.6006
0.5970
0.5935
0.5900

0.6039
0.6002
0.5967
0.5931
0.5896

0.6035
0.5999
0.5963
0.5926
0.5893

0.6031
0.5995
0.5959
0.5924
0.5889

0.6028
0.5992
0.5956
0.5921
0.5886

1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74

0.5882
0.5848
0.5814
0.5780
0.5747

0.5879
0.5645
0.5811
0.5777
0.5744

0.5875
0.5841
0.5807
0.5774
0.5741

0.5872
0.5638
0.5804
0.5770
0.5737

0.5669
0.5634
0.5800
0.5767
0.5734

0.5865
0.5831
0.5797
0.5764
0.5731

0.5862
0.5628
0.5794
0.5760
0.5727

0.5858
0.5824
0.5790
0.5757
0.5724

0.5855
0.5621
0.5787
0.5754
0.5721

0.5851
0.5617
0.5784
0.5750
0.5718

1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79

0.5714
0.5682
0.5650
0.5618
0.5587

0.5711
0.5679
0.5647
0.5615
05583

0.5708
0.5675
0.5643
0.5612
0.5580

0.5705
0.5672
0.5640
0.5609
0.5577

0.5701
0.5669
0.5637
0.5605
0.5574

0.5698
0.5666
0.5634
0.5602
05571

0.5695
0.5663
0.5631
0.5599
0.5568

0.5692
0.5659
0.5627
0.5596
0.5565

0.5688
0.5656
0.5624
0.5593
0.5562

0.5685
0.5653
0.5621
0.5590
0.5559

1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84

0.5556
0.5525
0.5495
0.5464
0.5435

0.5552
0.5522
0.5491
0.5461
0.5432

0.5549
0.5519
0.5488
0.5459
0.5429

0.5546
0.5516
0.5485
0.5456
0.5426

0.5543
0.5513
0.5482
0.5453
0.5423

0.5540
0.5510
0.5479
0.5450
0.5420

0.5537
0.5507
0.5476
0.5447
0.5417

0.5534
0.5504
0.5473
0.5444
0.5414

0.5531
0.5501
0.5470
0.5441
0.5411

0.5528
0.5496
0.5467
0.5438
0.5408

1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89

0.5405
0.5376
0.5348
0.5319
0.5291

0.5402
0.5373
0.5345
0.5316
0.5288

0.5400
0.5371
0.5342
0.5313
0.5285

0.5397
0.5368
0.5339
0.5311
0.5263

0.5394
0.5365
0.5336
0.5308
0.5280

0.5391
0.5362
0.5333
0.5305
0.5277

0.5388
0.5359
0.5330
0.5302
0.5274

0.5385
0.5356
0.5326
0.5299
0.5271

0.5382
0.5353
0.5325
0.5297
0.5269

0.5379
0.5350
0.5322
0.5294
0.5266

1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94

0.5263
0.5236
0.5206
0.5181
0.5155

0.5260
0.5233
0.5206
0.5179
0.5152

0.5256
0.5230
0.5203
0.5176
0.5149

0.5255
0.5227
0.5200
0.5173
0.5147

0.5252
0.5225
0.5198
0.5171
0.5144

0.5249
0.5222
0.5195
0.5166
0.5141

0.5247
0.5219
0.5192
0.5165
0.5139

0.5244
0.5216
0.5169
0.5163
0.5136

0.5241
0.5214
0.5167
0.5160
0.5133

0.5238
0.5211
0.5164
0.5157
0.5131

1.95
1.98
1.97
1.98
1.99

0.5128
0.5102
0.5076
0.5051
0.5025

0.5126
0.5099
0.5074
0.5048
0.5023

0.5123
0.5097
0.5071
0.5045
0.5020

0.5120
0.5094
0.5068
0.5043
0.5018

0.5118
0.5092
0.5066
0.5040
0.5015

0.5115
0.5089
0.5063
0.5038
0.5013

0.5112
0.5086
0.5061
0.5035
0.5010

0.5110
0.5084
0.5058
0.5033
0.5006

0.5107
0.5081
0.5056
0.5030
0.5005

0.5105
0.5079
0.5053
0.5028
0.5003

-2

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

0.5000
0.4762
0.4545
0.4348
0.4167

0.4975
0.4739
0.4525
0.4329
0.4149

0.4950
0.4717
0.4505
0.4310
0.4132

0.4926
0.4695
0.4484
0.4292
0.4115

0.4902
0.4673
0.4464
0.4274
0.4098

0.4878
0.4651
0.4444
0.4255
0.4082

0.4854
0.4630
0.4425
0.4237
0.4065

0.4831
0.4808
0.4405
0.4219
0.4049

0.4808
0.4587
0.4386
0.4202
0.4032

0.4785
0.4566
0.4367
0.4184
0.4016

-24
-21
-20
-16
-17

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

0.4000
0.3846
0.3704
0.3571
0.3448

0.3984
0.3831
0.3690
0.3559
0.3438

0.3966
0.3817
0.3676
0.3546
0.3425

0.3953
0.3802
0.3663
0.3534
0.3413

0.3937
0.3788
0.3650
0.3521
0.3401

0.3922
0.3774
0.3636
0.3509
0.3390

0.3906
0.3759
0.3623
0.3497
0.3378

0.3891
0.3745
0.3610
0.3484
0.3367

0.3676
0.3731
0.3597
0.3472
0.3356

0.3861
0.3717
0.3564
0.3460
0.3344

-15
-14
-13
-12
-12

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

0.3333
0.3226
0.3125
0.3030
0.2941

0.3322
0.3215
0.3115
0.3021
0.2933

0.3311
0.3205
0.3106
0.3012
0.2924

0.3300
0.3195
0.3096
0.3003
0.2915

0.3289
0.3185
0.3086
0.2994
0.2907

0.3279
0.3175
0.3077
0.2985
0.2899

0.3268
0.3165
0.3067
0.2976
0.2890

0.3257
0.3155
0.3058
0.2967
0.2882

0.3247
0.3145
0.3049
0.2959
0.2974

0.3236
0.3135
0.3040
0.2950
0.2865

-11
-10
-10
-9
-8

l,*=O

316310 and lk?=0.367679

-3

MATHEMATlCALTABLES&UNlTS

& SYSTEMS

TABLE

OF WEIGHTS

& MEASURES

1.6-REC :IPROCAI 3

1-23

OF NIUMBERS(<

:ontinue4

Average
Difference

3.5
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.9

0.2857
0.2778
0.2703
0.2632
0.2564

0.2849
0.2770
0.2695
0.2625
0.2558

0.2841
0.2762
0.2688
0.2618
0.2551

0.2833
0.2755
0.2681
0.2611
0.2545

0.2825
0.2747
0.2674
0.2604
0.2538

0.2817
0.2740
0.2667
0.2597
0.2532

0.2809
0.2732
0.2660
0.2591
0.2525

0.2801
0.2725
0.2653
0.2584
0.2519

0.2793
0.2717
0.2646
0.2577
0.2513

0.2786
0.2710
0.2639
0.2571
0.2506

-8
-6
-7
-7
-6

4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

0.2500
0.2439
0.2381
0.2326
0.2273

0.2494
0.2433
0.2375
0.2320
0.2268

0.2488
0.2427
0.2370
0.2315
0.2262

0.2461
0.2421
0.2364
0.2309
0.2257

0.2475
0.2415
0.2358
0.2304
0.2252

0.2469
0.2410
0.2353
0.2299
0.2247

0.2463
0.2404
0.2347
0.2294
0.2242

0.2457
0.2398
0.2342
0.2288
0.2237

0.2451
0.2392
0.2336
0.2283
0.2232

0.2445
0.2387
0.2331
0.2278
0.2227

-6
-6
-6
-5
-5

4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9

0.2222
0.2174
0.2128
0.2083
0.2041

0.2217
0.2169
0.2123
0.2079
0.2037

0.2212
0.2165
0.2119
0.2075
0.2033

0.2208
0.2160
0.2114
0.2070
0.2026

0.2203
0.2155
0.2110
0.2066
0.2024

0.2198
0.2151
0.2105
0.2062
0.2020

0.2193
0.2146
0.2101
0.2058
0.2016

0.2188
0.2141
0.2096
0.2053
0.2012

0.2183
0.2137
0.2092
0.2049
0.2008

0.2179
0.2132
0.2088
0.2045
0.2004

-5
-5
-4
-4
-4

5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

0.2000
0.1961
0.1923
0.1887
0.1652

0.1996
0.1957
0.1919
0.1883
0.1848

0.1992
0.1953
0.1916
0.1880
0.1645

0.1986
0.1949
0.1912
0.1876
0.1642

0.1964
0.1946
0.1906
0.1873
0.1638

0.1980
0.1942
0.1905
0.1869
0.1835

0.1976
0.1938
0.1901
0.1866
0.1632

0.1972
0.1934
0.1696
0.1882
0.1626

0.1969
0.1931
0.1894
0.1859
0.1825

0.1965
0.1927
0.1890
0.1855
0.1621

-4

5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9

0.1818
0.1786
0.1754
0.1724
0.1695

0.1815
0.1783
0.1751
0.1721
0.1692

a.1812
0.1779
0.1748
0.1718
0.1669

0.1808
0.1776
0.1745
0.1715
0.1686

0.1805
0.1773
0.1742
0.1712
0.1684

0.1802
0.1770
0.1739
0.1709
0.1681

0.1799
0.1767
0.1736
0.1706
0.1676

0.1795
0.1764
0.1733
0.1704
0.1675

0.1792
0.1761
0.1730
0.1701
0.1672

0.1769
0.1757
0.1727
0.1698
0.1669

6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
8.4

0.1667
0.1639
0.1613
0.1587
0.1563

0.1664
0.1637
0.1610
0.1585
0.1560

0.1661
0.1634
0.1608
0.1582
0.1558

0.1656
0.1631
0.1605
0.1580
0.1555

0.1656
0.1629
0.1603
0.1577
0.1553

0.1653
0.1626
0.1600
0.1575
0.1550

0.1650
0.1623
0.1597
0.1572
0.1548

0.1647
0.1621
0.1595
0.1570
0.1546

0.1645
0.1618
0.1592
0.1567
0.1543

0.1642
0.1616
0.1590
0.1565
0.1541

6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9

0.1538
0.1515
0.1493
0.1471
0.1449

0.1536
0.1513
0.1490
0.1468
0.1447

0.1534
0.1511
0.1488
0.1466
0.1445

0.1531
0.1508
0.1486
0.1464
0.1443

0.1529
0.1506
0.1484
0.1462
0.1441

0.1527
0.1504
0.1481
0.1460
0.1439

0.1524
0.1502
0.1479
0.1458
0.1437

0.1522
0.1499
0.1477
0.1456
0.1435

0.1520
0.1497
0.1475
0.1453
0.1433

0.1517
0.1495
0.1473
0.1451
0.1431

7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4

0.1429
0.1408
0.1389
0.1370
0.1351

0.1427
0.1406
0.1387
0.1368
0.1350

0.1425
0.1404
0.1385
0.1366
0.1348

0.1422
0.1403
0.1383
0.1364
0.1346

0.1420
0.1401
o.t38i
0.1362
0.1344

0.1418
0.1399
0.1379
0.1361
0.1342

0.1416
0.1397
0.1377
0.1359
0.1340

0.1414
0.1395
0.1376
0.1357
0.1339

0.1412
0.1393
0.1374
0.1355
0.1337

0.1410
0.1391
0.1372
0.1353
0.1335

7.5
7.6
7.7
7.6
7.9

0.1333
0.1316
0.1299
0.1262
0.1266

0.1332
0.1314
0.1297
0.1260
0.1264

0.1330
0.1312
0.1295
0.1279
0.1263

0.1328
0.1311
0.1294
0.1277
0.1261

0.1326
0.1309
0.1292
0.1276
0.1259

0.1325
0.1307
0.1290
0.1274
0.1258

0.1323
0.1305
0.1289
0.1272
0.1256

0.1321
0.1304
0.1287
0.1271
0.1255

0.1319
0.1302
0.1285
0.1269
0.1253

0.1318
0.1300
0.1284
0.1267
0.1252

8.0
6.1
a.2
6.3
8.4

0.1250
0.1235
0.1220
0.1205
0.1190

0.1248
0.1233
0.1216
0.1203
0.1189

0.1247
0.1232
0.1217
0.1202
0.1188

0.1245
0.1230
0.1215
0.1200
0.1186

0.1244
0.1229
0.1214
0.1199
0.1185

0.1242
0.1227
0.1212
0.1196
0.1183

0.1241
0.1225
0.1211
0.1196
0.1182

0.1239
0.1224
0.1209
0.1195
0.1181

0.1238
0.1222
0.1208
0.1193
0.1179

0.1236
0.1221
0.1206
0.1192
0.1176

9.5
6.6
8.7
8.8
8.9

0.1176
0.1163
0.1149
0.1136
0.1124

0.1175
0.1161
0.1148
0.1135
0.1122

0.1174
0.1160
0.1147
0.1134
0.1121

0.1172
0.1159
0.1145
0.1133
0.1120

0.1171
0.1157
0.1144
0.1131
0.1119

0.1170
0.1156
Q.1143
0.1130
0.1117

0.1168
0.1155
0.1142
0.1129
0.1116

0.1167
0.1153
0.1140
0.1127
0.1115

0.1166
0.1152
0.1139
0.1126
0.1114

0.1164
0.1151
0.1136
0.1125
0.1112

9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

0.1111
0.1099
0.1087
0.1075
0.1064

0.1110
0.1098
0.1086
0.1074
0.1063

0.1109
0.1096
0.1085
0.1073
0.1062

0.1107
0.1095
0.1083
0.1072
0.1060

0.1106
0.1094
0.1082
0.1071
0.1059

0.1105
0.1093
0.1081
0.1070
0.1058

0.1104
0.1092
0.1080
0.1068
0.1057

0.1103
0.1091
0.1079
0.1067
0.1056

0.1101
0.1089
0.1078
0.1066
0.1055

0.1100
0.1088
0.1076
0.1065
0.1054

9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9

0.1053
0.1042
0.1031
0.1020
0.1010

0.1052
0.1041
0.1030
0.1019
0.1009

0.1050
0.1040
0.1029
0.1018
0.1008

0.1049
0.1038
0.1028
0.1017
0.1007

0.1048
0.1037
0.1027
0.1016
0.1006

0.1047
0.1036
0.1026
0.1015
0.1005

0.1046
0.1035
0.1025
0.1014
0.1004

0.1045
0.1034
0.1024
0.1013
0.1003

0.1044
0.1033
0.1022
0.1012
0.1002

0.1043
0.1032
0.1021
0.1011
0.1001

r=031a310

an* lie=0

367879

-3

-2

-1

PETROLEUM

1-24

TABLEl.7-CIRCUMFERENCESOFCIRCLESSY

ENGINEERINGHANDBOOK

HUNDREDTHS

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

3.142
3.456
3.770
4.084
4.398

3.173
3.487
3.801
4.115
4.430

3.204
3.519
3.633
4.147
4.461

3.236
3.550
3.864
4.178
4.492

3.267
3.581
3.696
4.210
4.524

3.299
3.613
3.927
4.241
4.555

3.330
3.644
3.958
4.273
4.587

3.362
3.676
3.990
4.304
4.618

3.393
3.707
4.021
4.335
4.650

3.424
3.738
4.053
4.367
4.681

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

4.712
5.027
5.341
5.655
5.969

4.744
5.058
5.372
5.686
6.000

4.775
5.069
5.484
5.718
6.032

4.807
5.121
5.435
5.749
6.063

4.838
5.152
5.466
5.781
6.095

4.869
5.184
5.498
5.812
6.126

4.901
5.215
5.529
5.843
6.158

4.932
5.246
5.561
5.875
6.189

4.964
5.278
5.592
5.906
6.220

4.995
5.309
5.623
5.938
6.252

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

6.283
6.597
6.912
7.226
7.540

6.315
6.629
6.943
7.257
7.571

6.346
6.680
6.974
7.288
7.683

6.377
6.692
7.006
7.320
7.634

6.409
6.723
7.037
7.351
7.665

6.440
6.754
7.069
7.383
7.697

6.472
6.786
7.100
7.414
7.728

6.503
6.817
7.131
7.446
7.760

6.535
6.849
7.163
7.477
7.791

6.566
6.660
7.194
7.508
7.823

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.9

7.854
8.168
6.462
6.796
9.111

7.685
8.200
8.514
8.828
9.142

7.917
6.231
8.545
8.859
9.173

7.948
8.262
6.577
8.891
9.205

7.980
6.294
8.606
8.922
9.236

8.011
8.325
6.639
8.954
9.266

8.042
8.357
8.671
8.985
9.299

8.074
8.388
8.702
9.016
9.331

8.105
8.419
6.734
9.048
9.362

8.137
8.451
8.765
9.079
9.393

3.0
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

9.425
9.739

9.456
9.770

9.466
9.602

9.519
9.833

9.550
9.865

9.562
9.896

9.613
9.927

9.645
9.959

9.676
9.990

10.05
10.37
10.68

10.08
10.40
10.71

10.12
10.43
10.74

10.15
10.46
10.78

lo.18
10.49
10.81

10.21
10.52
10.84

10.24
10.56
10.87

10.27
10.59
10.90

10.30
10.62
10.93

9.708
10.022
10.02
10.34
10.65
10.96

3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

11.00
11.31
11.62
11.94
12.25

11.03
11.34
11.66
11.97
12.28

11.06
11.37
11.69
12.00
12.32

11.09
11.40
11.72
12.03
12.35

11.12
11.44
11.75
12.06
12.38

11.15
11.47
11.78
12.10
12.41

11.18
11.50
11.81
12.13
12.44

11.22
11.53
11.84
12.16
12.47

11.25
11.56
11.88
12.19
12.50

11.28
11.59
11.91
12.22
12.53

4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

12.57
12.86
13.19
13.51
13.82

12.60
12.91
13.23
13.54
13.85

12.63
12.94
13.26
13.57
13.89

12.66
12.97
13.29
13.60
13.92

12.69
13.01
13.32
13.63
13.95

12.72
13.04
13.35
13.67
13.98

12.75
13.07
13.38
13.70
14.01

12.79
13.10
13.41
13.73
14.04

12.82
13.13
13.45
13.76
14.07

12.85
13.16
13.46
13.79
14.11

4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9

14.14
14.45
14.77
15.08
15.39

14.17
14.48
14.80
15.11
15.43

14.20
14.51
14.83
15.14
15.46

14.23
14.55
14.86
15.17
15.49

14.26
14.58
14.89
15.21
15.52

14.29
14.61
14.92
15.24
15.55

14.33
14.64
14.95
15.27
15.58

14.36
14.67
14.99
15.30
15.61

14.39
14.70
15.02
15.33
15.65

14.42
14.73
15.05
15.36
15.68

5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

15.71
16.02
16.34
16.65
16.96

15.74
16.05
16.37
16.68
17.00

15.77
16.06
16.40
16.71
17.03

15.80
16.12
16.43
16.74
17.06

15.83
16.15
16.46
16.78
17.09

15.87
16.18
16.49
16.81
17.12

15.90
16.21
16.52
16.84
17.15

15.93
16.24
16.56
16.87
17.18

15.96
16.27
16.59
16.90
17.22

15.99
16.30
16.62
16.93
17.25

Average
Difference
31

31
3

Exotanationof Table of Circumferences

This table gives the product of % times any number d (diameter)from 1 to 10; i.e.,
itis a table of multiples01 r.
Moving the decimal point one place in Column d is equivalentto moving itone place in the body of the table
Circumference=ax d= 3.141593xd. Conversely, d= 1/rrxcircumference=0.31831xcircumference.

MATHEMATICALTABLES&

UNlTS&SYSTEMSOFWElGHTS&MEASURES

1-25

TABLE1.7-CIRCUMFERENCESOFCIRCLES

BY HUNDREDTHS(continued)

5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9

-17.31
17.28
17.59
17.91
18.22
18.54

17.62
17.94
18.25
18.57

17.34
17.66
17.97
18.28
16.60

17.37
17.69
18.00
18.32
18.63

17.40
17.72
18.03
18.35
18.66

17.4417.75
18.06
18.38
18.69

6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4

18.85
lg.16
19.48
19.79
20.11

18.88
19.20
19.51
19.82
20.14

18.91
19.23
19.54
19.85
20.17

18.94
19.26
19.57
19.89
20.20

18.98
19.29
19.60
19.92
20.23

19.01
19.32
19.63
19.95
20.26

6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9

20.42
20.73
21.05
21.36
21.68

20.45
20.77
21.08
21.39
21.71

20.48
20.80
21.11
21.43
21.74

20.51
20.83
21.14
21.46
21.77

20.55
20.86
21.17
21.49
21.80

7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4

21.99
22.31
22.62
22.93
23.25

22.02
22.34
22.65
22.97
23.28

22.05
22.37
22.68
23.00
23.31

22.09
22.40
22.71
23.03
23.34

7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9

23.56
23.88
24.19
24.50
24.82

23.59
23.91
24.22
24.54
24.85

23.62
23.94
24.25
24.57
24.88

0.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4

25.13
25.45
25.76
26.08
26.39

25.16
25.48
25.79
26.11
26.42

a.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9

26.70
27.02
27.33
27.65
27.96

9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

17.47 17.5017.78
17.81
18.10
18.13
18.41
18.44
18.72
18.76

17.53
17.84
18.16
18.47
18.79

17.56
17.88
18.19
18.50
18.82

19.04
19.35
19.67
19.98
20.29

19.07
19.38
19.70
20.01
20.33

19.10
19.42
19.73
20.04
20.36

19.13
19.45
19.76
20.07
20.39

20.50
20.89
21.21
21.52
21.83

20.61
20.92
21.24
21.55
21.87

20.64
20.95
21.27
21.58
21.90

20.67
20.99
21.30
21.61
21.93

20.70
21.02
21.33
21.65
21.96

22.12
22.43
22.75
23.06
23.37

22.15
22.46
22.78
23.09
23.40

22.18
22.49
22.81
23.12
23.44

22.21
22.53
22.84
23.15
23.47

22.24
22.56
22.87
23.18
23.50

22.27
22.59
22.90
23.22
23.53

23.66
23.97
24.28
24.60
24.91

23.69
24.00
24.32
24.63
24.94

23.72
24.03
24.35
24.66
24.98

23.75
24.06
24.38
24.69
25.01

23.78
24.10
24.41
24.72
25.04

23.81
24.13
24.44
24.76
25.07

23.84
24.16
24.47
24.79
25.10

25.20
25.51
25.82
26.14
26.45

25.23
25.54
25.86
26.17
26.48

25.26
25.57
25.89
26.20
26.52

25.29
25.60
25.92
26.23
26.55

25.32
25.64
25.95
26.26
26.58

25.35
25.67
25.98
26.30
26.61

25.38
25.70
26.01
26.33
26.64

25.42
25.73
26.04
26.36
26.67

26.73
27.05
27.36
27.68
27.99

26.77
27.08
27.39
27.71
28.02

26.80
27.11
27.43
27.74
28.05

26.83
27.14
27.46
27.77
28.09

26.86
27.17
27.49
27.80
28.12

26.89
27.21
27.52
27.83
28.15

26.92
27.24
27.55
27.87
28.18

26.95
27.27
27.58
27.90
28.21

26.99
27.30
27.61
27.93
28.24

28.27
28.59
28.90
29.22
29.53

28.31
28.62
28.93
29.25
29.56

28.34
28.65
28.97
29.28
29.59

28.37
28.68
29.00
29.31
29.63

28.40
28.71
29.03
29.34
29.66

28.43
28.75
29.06
29.37
29.69

28.46
28.78
29.09
29.41
29.72

28.49
28.81
29.12
29.44
29.75

28.53
28.84
29.15
29.47
29.78

28.56
28.87
29.19
29.50
29.81

9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9

29.85
30.16
30.47
30.79
31.10

29.88
30.19
30.50
30.82
31.13

29.91
30.22
30.54
30.85
31.16

29.94
30.25
30.57
30.88
31.20

29.97
30.28
30.60
30.91
31.23

30.00
30.32
30.63
30.94
31.26

30.03
30.35
30.66
30.98
31.29

30.07
30.38
30.69
31.01
31.32

30.10
30.41
30.72
31.04
31.35

30.13
30.44
30.76
31.07
31.38

10.0

31.42

Average
Difference
3

PETROLEUM

l-26

TABLEl.6-AREASOFCIRCLESBY

HUNDREDTHS

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

0.785
0.950
1.131
1.327
1.539

0.801
0.968
1.150
1.348
1.561

0.817
0.985
1.169
1.368
1.584

0.833
1.003
1.188
1.389
1.606

0.849
1.021
1.208
1.410
1.629

0.866
1.039
1.227
1.431
1.651

0.882
1.057
1.247
1.453
1.674

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

1.767
2.011
2.270
2.545
2.835

1.791
2.036
2.297
2.573
2.865

1.815
2.061
2.324
2.602
2.895

1.839
2.087
2.351
2.630
2.926

1.863
2.112
2.378
2.659
2.956

1.887
2.138
2.405
2.688
2.986

2.0
2.1
2.2
23
2.4

3.142
3.464
3.801
4.155
4.524

3.173
3.497
3.836
4.191
4.562

3.205
3.530
3.871
4.227
4.600

3.237
3.563
3.906
4.264
4.638

3.269
3.597
3.941
4.301
4.676

2.5
26
2.7
2.8
2.9

4.909
5.309
5.726
6.158
6.605

4.948
5.350
5.768
6.202
6.651

4.988
5.391
5.811
6.246
6.697

5.027
5.433
5.853
6.290
6.743

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

7.069
7.548
8.042
8.553
9.079

7.116
7.596
8.093
8.605
9.133

7.163
7.645
8.143
8.657
9.188

3.5

9.621

9.676

9.731

1.0

ENGINEERINGHANDBOOK

Average
Difference

0.899
1.075
1.267
1.474
1.697

0.916
1.094
1.287
1.496
1.720

0.933
1.112
1.307
1.517
1.744

16
18
20
21
23

1.911
2.164
2.433
2.717
3.017

1.936
2.190
2.461
2.746
3.048

1.961
2.217
2.488
2.776
3.079

1.986
2.243
2.516
2.808
3.110

24
26
27
29
31

3.301
3.631
3.976
4.337
4.714

3.333
3.664
4.011
4.374
4.753

3.365
3.698
4.047
4.412
4.792

3.398
3.733
4.083
4.449
4.831

3.431
3.767
4.119
4.486
4.870

32
34
35
37
38

5.067
5.474
5.896
6.335
6.789

5.107
5.515
5.940
6.379
6.835

5.147
5.557
5.983
6.424
6.881

5.187
5.599
6.026
6.469
6.928

5.228
5.641
6.070
6.514
6.975

5.269
5.683
6.114
6.560
7.022

40
42
43
45
46

7.211
7.694
8.194
8.709
9.240

7.258
7.744
8.245
8.762
9.294

7.306
7.793
8.298
8.814
9.348

7.354
7.843
8.347
8.867
9.402

7.402
7.892
8.398
8.920
9.457

7.451
7.942
8.450
8.973
9.511

7.499
7.992
8.501
9.026
9.566

48
49
51
53
54

9.787

9.842

9.898

9.954

10.07
10.64
11.22
11.82
12.44

10.12
10.69
11.28
11.88
12.50

3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

10.18
10.75
11.34
11.95

10.24
10.81
11.40
12.01

10.29
10.87
11.46
12.07

10.35
10.93
11.52
12.13

10.41
10.99
11.58
12.19

10.46
11.04
11.64
12.25

10.52
11.10
11.70
12.32

10.010
10.01
10.58
11.16
11.76
12.38

4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

12.57
13.20
13.85
14.52
15.21

12.63
13.27
13.92
14.59
15.27

12.69
13.33
13.99
14.66
15.34

12.76
13.40
14.05
14.73
15.41

12.82
13.46
14.12
14.79
15.48

12.88
13.53
14.19
14.86
15.55

12.95
13.59
14.25
14.93
15.62

13.01
13.66
14.32
15.00
15.89

13.07
13.72
14.39
15.07
15.76

13.14
1379
14.45
15.14
15.83

4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9

15.90
16.62
17.35
18.10
18.86

15.98
16.69
17.42
18.17
18.93

16.05
16.76
17.50
18.25
19.01

16.12
16.84
17.57
18.32
19.09

16.19
16.91
17.65
18.40
19.17

16.26
16.98
17.72
18.47
19.24

16.33
17.06
17.80
18.55
19.32

16.40
17.13
17.87
18.63
19.40

16.47
17.20
17.95
18.70
19.48

16.55
17.28
18.02
18.78
19.56

5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

19.63
20.43
21.24
22.06
22.90

19.71
20.51
21.32
22.15
22.99

19.79
20.59
21.40
22.23
23.07

19.87
20.67
21.48
22.31
23.16

19.95
20.75
21.57
22.40
23.24

20.03
20.83
21.65
22.48
23.33

20.11
20.91
21.73
22.56
23.41

20.19
20.99
21.81
22.65
23.50

20.27
21.07
21.90
22.73
23.59

20.35
21.16
21.98
22.82
23.67

56
:

Explanation of Table of Areas of Circles

Moving the decimal pointone place inColumn d (diameter)ISequivalentto moving ittwo places in the body of the table.
For example, area of circle=R/~XC? =0,785398x(d').
Conversely, diameter of circle=&x
&=1.128379x
6.

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS

8 SYSTEMS

TABLE

OF WEIGHTS

1.8-AREAS

& MEASURES

l-27

OF CIRCLES BY HUNDREDTHS (continued)

24.19
25.07
28.88
27.81

24.28
25.16
26.06
26.97
27.90

24.37
25.25
26.15
27.06
27.99

24.45
25.34
26.24
27.15
28.09

24.54
25.43
26.33
27.25
28.18

26.69
27.62

24.11
24.98
25.88
26.79
27.71
28.65
29.61
30.58
31.57
32.57

28.75
29.71
30.68
31.67
32.67

28.84
29.80
30.78
31.77
32.78

28.94
29.90
30.88
31.07
32.88

29.03
30.00
30.97
31.97
32.98

29.13
30.09
31.07
32.07
33.08

10

5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9

23.76
24.63
25.52
26.42
27.34

23.84
24.72
25.61
26.51
27.43

23.93
24.81
25.70
26.60
27.53

6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4

28.27
29.22
30.19
31.17
32.17

28.37
29.32
30.29
31.27
32.27

28.46
29.42
31.37
32.37

28.56
29.51
30.48
31.47
32.47

6.5
6.6
8.7
6.8
6.9

33.18
34.21
35.26
36.32
37.39

33.29
34.32
35.36
36.42
37.50

33.39
34.42
35.47
36.53
37.61

33.49
34.52
35.57
36.64
37.72

33.59
34.63
35.68
36.75
37.83

33.70
34.73
35.78
36.85
37.94

33.80
34.84
35.89
36.96
38.05

33.90
34.94
36.00
37.07
38.16

34.00
35.05
36.10
37.18
38.26

34.11
34.15
36.21
37.28
38.37

7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4

38.48
39.59
40.72
41.85
43.01

38.59
39.70
40.83
41.97
43.12

38.70
39.82
40.94
42.08
43.24

38.82
39.93
41.06
42.20
43.36

38.93
40.04
41.17
42.31
43.47

39.04
40.15
41.28
42.43
43.59

39.15
40.26
41.40
42.54
43.71

39.26
40.38
41.51
42.66
43.83

39.37
40.49
41.62
42.78
43.94

39.48
40.60
41.74
42.89
44.06

7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9

44.18
45.36
46.57
47.78
49.02

44.30
45.48
46.69
47.91
49.14

44.41
45.60
46.81
48.03
49.27

44.53
45.72
46.93
48.15
49.39

44.65
45.84
47.05
48.27
49.51

44.77
45.96
47.17
48.40
49.64

44.89
46.08
47.29
48.52
49.76

45.01
46.20
47.42
48.65
49.89

45.13
46.32
47.54
48.77
50.01

45.25
46.45
47.66
48.89
50.14

8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4

50.27
51.53
52.81
54.11
55.42

50.39
51.66
52.94
54.24
55.55

50.52
51.78
53.07
54.37
55.68

50.64
51.91
53.20
54.50
55.81

50.77
52.04
53.33
54.63
55.95

50.90
52.17
53.46
54.76
56.08

51.02
52.30
53.59
54.89
56.21

51.15
52.42
53.72
55.02
56.35

51.28
52.55
53.85
55.15
56.48

51.40
52.68
53.98
55.29
56.61

8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9

56.75
58.09
59.45
60.82
62.21

56.88
58.22
59.58
60.96
62.35

57.01
58.36
59.72
61.10
62.49

57.15
58.49
59.86
61.24
62.63

57.28
58.63
59.99
61.38
62.77

57.41
58.77
60.13
61.51
82.91

57.55
58.90
60.27
61.65
63.05

57.68
59.04
60.41
61.79
63.19

57.82
59.17
60.55
61.93
63.33

57.95
59.31
60.68
62.07
63.48

9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

63.62
65.04
66.48
67.93
69.40

63.76
65.18
68.62
68.08
69.55

63.90
65.33
66.77
68.22
69.69

64.04
65.47
66.91
68.37
69.84

64.18
65.61
67.06
68.51
69.99

64.33
65.76
67.20
68.66
70.14

64.47
65.90
67.35
68.81
70.29

64.61
66.04
67.49
88.96
70.44

64.75
66.19
67.64
69.10
70.58

64.90
66.33
67.78
69.25
70.73

9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9

70.88
72.38

71.03
72.53
74.05
75.58
77.13

71.33
72.84
74.36
75.89
77.44

71.48
72.99
74.51
76.05
77.60

71.63
73.14
74.66
76.20
77.76

71.78
73.29
74.82
76.36
77.91

71.93
73.44
74.97
76.51
78.07

72.08
73.59
75.12
76.67
78.23

72.23
73.75
75.28
76.82
78.38

73.90
75.43

76.98

30.39

71.18
72.68
74.20
75.74

77.29

Average
Difference

24.02
24.89

25.79

25.97

11

12

13

14

15

16

l-28

PETROLEUM

TABLE I.S-CIRCUMFERENCES

Circumference
0.04909
0.09817
0.1473
0.1963
0.2454
0.2945
0.3436
0.3927
0.4418
0.4909
0.5400
0.5890
0.6381
0.6872
0.7363
0.7854
0.8345
0.8836
0.9327
0.9817
1.031
1.080
1.129
1.178
1.227
1.276
1.325
1.374
1.424
1.473
1.522
1.571
1.620
1.669
1.718
1.767
1.816
1.865
1.914
1.963
2.013
2.062
2.111
2.160
2.209
2.258
2.307
2.356
2.405
2.454
2.503
2.553
2.602
2.651
2.700

Area

0.00019
0.00077

0.00173
0.00307
0.00479
0.00690
0.00940
0.01227
0.01553
0.01917
0.02320
0.02761
0.03241
0.03758
0.04314
0.04909
0.05542
0.06213
0.06922
0.07670
0.08456
0.09281
0.1014
0.1104
0.1198
0.1296
0.1398
0.1503
0.1613
0.1726
0.1843
0.1963
0.2088
0.2217
0.2349
0.2485
0.2625
0.2769
0.2916
0.3068
0.3223
0.3382
0.3545
0.3712
0.3883
0.4057
0.4236
0.4418
0.4604
0.4794
0.4987
0.5185
0.5386
0.5591
0.5800

ENGINEERINGHANDBOOK

AND AREAS OF CIRCLES BY EIGHTHS

Circumference
2.749
2.798
2.847
2.896
2.945
2.994
3.043
3.093
3.142
3.338
3.534
3.731
3.927
4.123
4.320
4.516
4.712
4.909
5.105
5.301
5.498
5.694
5.890
6.087
6.283
6.480
6.676
6.872
7.069
7.265
7.461
7.658
7.854
8.050
8.247
8.443
6.639
8.836
9.032
9.228
9.425
9.621
9.817
10.01
10.21
10.41
10.60
10.80
11.00
11.19
11.39
11.58
il.78
11.98
12.17
12.37

Area

Circumference

Area

0.6013
0.6230
0.6450
0.6675
0.8903
0.7135
0.7371
0.7610
0.7854
0.8866
0.9940
1.108
1.227
1.353
1.485
1.623
1.767
1.917
2.074
2.237
2.405
2.580
2.761
2.948
3.142
3.341
3.547
3.758
3.976
4.200
4.430
4.666
4.909
5.157
5.412
5.673
5.940
6.213
6.492
6.777
7.069
7.366
7.870
7.980
8.296
8.618
8.946
9.281
9.621
9.968
10.32
10.68
11.04
11.42
11.79
12.18

12.57
12.76
12.96
13.16
13.35
13.55
13.74
13.94
14.14
14.33
14.53
14.73
14.92
15.12
15.32
15.51
15.71
15.90
16.10
16.30
16.49
16.69
16.89
17.08
17.28
17.48
17.67
17.87
18.06
18.26
18.46
18.65
18.85
19.24
19.63
20.03
20.42
20.81
21.21
21.60
21.99
22.38
22.78
23.17
23.56
23.95
24.35
24.74
25.13
25.53
25.92
26.31
26.70
27.10
27.49
27.88

12.57
12.96
13.36
13.77
14.19
14.61
15.03
15.47
15.90
16.35
16.80
17.26
17.72
18.19
18.67
19.15
19.63
20.13
20.63
21.14
21.65
22.17
22.69
23.22
23.76
24.30
24.85
25.41
25.97
26.53
27.11
27.69
28.27
29.46
30.68
31.92
33.18
34.47
35.78
37.12
38.48
39.87
41.28
42.72
44.18
45.66
47.17
48.71
50.27
51.85
53.46
55.09
56.75
58.43
60.13
61.86

MATHEMATlCALTABLES&

UNITS&

SYSTEMS

TABLE1.9-CIRCUMFERENCES

Circumference
28.27
28.67
29.06
29.45
29.85
30.24
30.63
31.02
31.42
31.81
32.20
32.59
32.99
33.38
33.77
34.16
34.56
34.95
35.34
35.74
36.13
36.52
36.91
37.31
37.70
38.09
38.48
38.88
39.27
39.66
40.06
40.45
40.84
41.23
41.63
42.02
42.41
42.80
43.20
43.59
43.98
44.37
44.77
45.16
45.55
45.95
46.34
46.73
47.12
47.52
47.91
48.30
48.69
49.09
49.48
49.87

OF WEIGHTS

AND

& MEASURES

AREAS

1-29

OFCIRCLES

BY ElGHTHS(continued)

Circumference
63.62
65.40
67.20
69.03
70.88
72.76
74.66
76.59
78.54
80.52
82.52
84.54
86.59
88.66
90.76
92.89
95.03
97.21
99.40
101.6
103.9
106.1
108.4
110.8
113.1
115.5
117.9
120.3
122.7
125.2
127.7
130.2
132.7
135.3
137.9
140.5
143.1
145.8
148.5
151.2
153.9
156.7
159.5
162.3
165.1
168.0
170.9
173.8
176.7
179.7
182.7
185.7
188.7
191.7
194.8
197.9

50.27
50.66
51.05
51.44
51.84
52.23
52.62
53.01
53.41
53.80
54.19
54.59
54.98
55.37
55.76
56.16
56.55
56.94
57.33
57.73
58.12
58.51
58.90
59.30
59.69
60.08
60.48
60.87
61.26
61.65
62.05
62.44
62.83
63.22
63.62
64.01
64.40
64.80
65.19
65.58
65.97
66.37
66.76
67.15
67.54
67.94
68.33
68.72
69.12
69.51
69.90
70.29
70.69
71.08
71.47
71.86

Circumference
201.1
204.2
207.4
210.6
213.8
217.1
220.4
223.7
227.0
230.3
233.7
237.1
240.5
244.0
247.4
250.9
254.5
258.0
261.6
285.2
268.8
272.4
276.1
279.8
283.5
287.3
291.0
294.8
298.6
302.5
306.4
310.2
314.2
318.1
322.1
326.1
330.1
334.1
338.2
342.2
346.4
350.5
354.7
358.8
363.1
367.3
371.5
375.8
380.1
384.5
388.8
393.2
397.6
402.0
406.5
411.0

23
'/a
'/4
'/4
12

78
%l
24

%
'/4
'12
VI

25
'/4
'12
%l
26
'12
/2
3/i

27
'A
12
3/k

28

29

'h
'/2
v4
'/a
'12
Y4

30
l/4
'/2
3/b
31
'/4
'I2
v4
32
'/4
12

%I
33
'/4
'12
=/4
34
'I4
%
v4
35
'/4
'12

3/i

72.26
72.65
73.04
73.43
7383
74.22
74.61
75.01
75 40
76.18
7697
77.75
78.54
79.33
80.11
80.90
81.68
82.47
83.25
84.04
84.82
85.61
86.39
87.18
87.96
88.75
89.54
90.32
91.11
91.89
92.68
93.46
94.25
95.03
95.82
96.60
97.39
98.17
98.96
99.75
100.5
101.3
102.1
102.9
103.7
104.5
105.2
106.0
106.8
107.6
108.4
109.2
110.0
110.7
111.5
112.3

Area
415.5
420.0
424.6
429.1
433.7
438.4
443.0
447.7
452.4
461.9
471.4
481.1
490.9
500.7
510.7
520.8
530.9
541.2
551.5
562.0
572.6
583.2
594.0
604.8
615.8
626.8
637.9
649.2
660.5
672.0
683.5
695.1
706.9
718.7
730.6
742.6
754.8
767.0
779.3
791.7
804.2
816.9
829.6
842.4
855.3
868.3
881.4
894.6
907.9
921.3
934.8
948.4
962.1
975.9
989.8
1003.8

PETROLEUM

l-30

TABLE l.lO-AREAS

OF CIRCLES-DIAMETERS

ENGINEERING

HANDBOOK

IN FEET AND INCHES, AREAS IN SQUARE FEET

Inches

Feet
0

0
0.0000

0.0055

0.0216

0.0491

0.0673

0.1364

0.1963

0.2673

0.3491

0.4416

0.5454

06600

07854
3142

09216
3.409

1.069
3687

1.227
3976

1.396
4276

1.576
4587

1.767
4909

1.969
5.241

2.182
5.585

2405
5.940

2.640
6.305

2885
6681

7.069
1257

7 467
13.10

7676
13.64

8.296
14.19

8.727
14.75

9.168
1532

19.63

20.29
29.07

20.97

21.65

2234

2304

2627

29 67

30.66

31 50

32 34
43.20

44.18

9.621
15.90
23.76
33.18

3048
50 27

39.41
51 32

40.34
5236

41.26
5346

42 24
54 54

55.64

56.75

6362

6460

67.20

6842

69.64

70.88

78 54
95.03
113.1

7985

66 00
81.16

82.52
99.40

85.22
1024
121 1

8659
103.9
122.7

1327
153.9

96.48
1147

97 93
1163

1179

83.66
100.9
119.5

134.4

1362

1379

139.6

1414

143.1

1556

1576

159.5

161.4

163.2

165.1

10

10.08
16.50

10.56
17.10

11.04
17.72

11.54
18.35

1205
1899

24.48

25.22
3491

25.97

26.73
36.67

2749
3757

34.04
45.17

46.16

35.78
47.17

48.19

49 22

57.86
72.13

58.99
73.39

60.13

61.28

74.66

75.94

6244
77 24

87.97

89.36

90.76

92.18

108.4
127.7

110.0
129.4

9360
111 5
131 0

144.9

106.9
1260
146.7

148.5

167.0

168.9

170.9

150.3
172.8

1521
1748

105.4
124.4

From Inches and Fractions of an Inch to Decimals of a Foot

Inches

10

Feet

0.0833

0.1667

0.2500

03333

0.4167

0.5000

0.5833

0.6667

0.7500

0.8333

Inches
Feet

'/a
0.0104

%
0.0208

%
0.0313

'12
00417

%
00521

v4
0.0625

%
0 0729

11

11
09167

MATHEMATICALTABLES&

TABLE 1 .l l-SEGMENTS

hlc
0.00
0.01
0.02

d/c
25.010
12.520

0.04

8.363
6.290

0.05
0.06

5.050
4.227

0.07

3.641
3.205

0.03

0.08
0.09

2.868

0.10

2.600

0.11
0.12

2.383

0.13

2.203
2.053

0.14

1.926

0.15

1.617

0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19

1.723
1.641

0.20
0.21
0.22

1.450
1.400
1.356

0.23
0.24

1.317
1.282

0.25
0.26

1.250
1.222

0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.31

1.569
1.506

1.196
1.173
1152
1.133
1.116
1.101

1-31

UNlTS&SYSTEMSOFWElGHTS&MEASURES

Difference

Arc/c

12,490
4.157'
2,073'
1,240'

19
17
15
13

0.32
0.33

1.088

0.34

1.075

0.35
0.36
0.37

1.064
1.054
1.046

0.38
0.39

1.038
1.031

7
6

0.40
0.41

1.025
1.020

0.42

1.015

0.43
0.44

1.011
1.008

0.45
0.46

1.006
1.003

0.47
0.48

1.002
1.001

0.49

1.000

0.50

1.000

13
11
10
8
8

5
4
3
2
3
1
1
1
0

13.73

1.032
1.038
1.044
1.051

109'

26
23
21

0.6671
0.6675

1.026

180'
150"
127"

28

1.002

1.021

217'

32

0.00
4.58
9.16

1.013
1.017

268'

1.059
1.067
1.075
1.084
1.094
1.103
1.114
1.124
1.136
1.147
1.159
1.171
1.184
1.197
1.211
1.225
1.239
1.254
1.269

3
3
4
4
5
6
6
6
7
8
8
8
9
10
9
11
10
12
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
14
15
15

1.284

15
16

1.300
1.316
1.332

16
16

1.349
1.366
1.383
1.401
1.419
1.437
1.455
1.474
1.493
1.512
1.531
1.551
1.571

Explanation of Table of Segments

Difference

0.6667
0.6667
0.6669

1.007
1.010

436.
337'

50
44
39
35

Arealhxc

17
17
17
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
20
20

0.6680
0.6686
0.6693
0.6701
0.6710
0.6720
0.6731
0.6743
0.6756
0.6770
0.6785
0.6801
0.6818
0.6836
0.6855
0.6875
0.6896
0.6918
0.6941
0.6965
0.6989
0.7014
0.7041
0.7088
0.7096
0.7125
0.7154
0.7185
0.7216
0.7248
0.7280
0.7314
0.7348
0.7383
0.7419
0.7455
0.7492
0.7530
0.7568
0.7607
0.7647
0.7687
0.7728
0.7769
0.7811
0.7854

18.30
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
24
25
27
27
28
29
29
31
31

22.84
27.37
31.88
36.36
40.82
45.24
49.63
53.98
58.30
62.57
66.80
70.98
75.11
79.20
83.23
87.21
91.13
95.00
98.81
102.56
106.26
109.90
113.48
117.00
120.45
123.86
127.20
130.48
133.70

32
32

136.86

34
34
35

143.02
146.01

36
36
37
38
38
39
40
40
41
41
42
43

h/c

Central
Angle, CY
(degrees)

1.000
1.000
1.001
1.004

823'
586"

94"
82'
72'
63'
56

Difference

OF CIRCLES, GIVEN

139.97

148.94
151.82
154.64
157.41
160.12
162.78
165.39
167.95
170.46
172.91
175.32
177.69
180.00

Difference
458
458
457
457
454
453
451
448
446
442
439
435
432
427
423
418
413
409
403
399
392
387
381
375
370
364
358
352
345
341
334
328
322
316
311
305
299
293
288
282
277
271
266
261
256
251
245
241
237
231

hld

Difference

0.0000
0.0004
0.0016

4
12

0.0036
0.0064
0.0099
0.0142
0.0192
0.0250
0.0314
0.0385
0.0462
0.0545
0.0633
0.0727
0.0826
0.0929
0.1036
0.1147
0.1263
0.1379
0.1499
0.1622
0.1746
0.1873
0.2000
0.2128
0.2258
0.2387
0.2517
0.2647
0.2777
0.2906
0.3034
0.3162
0.3289
0.3414
0.3538
0.3661
0.3783
0.3902
0.4021
0.4137
0.4252
0.4364
0.4475
0.4584
0.4691
0.4796
0.4899
0.5000

20
28
35
43
50
58
64
71
77
83
88
94
99
103
107
111
116
116
120
123
124
127
127
128
130
129
130
130
130
129
128
128
127
125
124
123
122
119
119
116
115
112
111
109
107
105
103
101

of Circles,Given h/c

Given: h= height of segment and c=chord, to findthe drameter,d, of the circle,

the length of the arc, or the area of the
segment, form the ratioh/c, and findfrom the tablethe value of d/c, arc/c,or arealhc;then, by a simple multiplication,
d= cx (d/c), arc=c x (arc/c),
and area= h x c x (arealhc).
The table also gives the angle subtended at the center,and the ratioof h to d.

PETROLEUM

1-32

TABLE 1.12-SEGMENTS

hid

Arc/d

0.00 0.000
0.01

0.2003

0.02

0.2638

0.03

0.3482

0.04

0.4027

0.05

0.4510

0.06

0.4949

0.07

0.5355

0.08

0.5735

0.09

0.6094

0.10

0.6435

0.11

0.6761

0.12

0.7075

0.13

0.7377

0.14

0.7670

0.15

0.7954

016

0.8230

0.17

0.8500

0.18

0.8763

0.19

0.9021

0.20

0.9273

0.21

0.9521

0.22

0.9764

0.23

1.0004

024

1.0239

0.25

1.0472

0.26

1.0701

0.27

1.0928

0.26

1.1152

0.29

1.1374

0.30

1.1593

0.31

1.1810

0.32

1.2025

0.33

1.2239

0.34

1.2451

0.35

1.2661

036

12870

0.37

1.3078

038

1.3284

0.39

1.3490

0.40

1.3694

0.41

13898

0.42

14101

043

1.4303

044

1.4505

0.45

14706

046

1.4907

047

1.5106

0 48

1.5308

049

1.5508

0.50

Difference

Area/d'

0.0000

2003
835'
644'
545'
483'
439'
406'
380'
359'
341'
326'
314'
302'
293'
284'

24

0.0037

32

0.0069

36

0.0105

42

0.0147

45

0.0192

50

0.0242

52

0.0294

56

0.0350

59

0 0409

61

00470

64

00534

66

00600

68

00666

71

0 0739

276

72

00811

270

74

00885

263

76

00961

256

76

01039

252

79

01118

248

81

0 1199

243

82

01281

240

84

01365

235

64

0 1449

233

86

0 1535

229

88

01623

277

88

01711

224

89

01800

222

90

0.1890

219

92

0.1982

217

92

0.2074

215

93

02167

214

93

0.2260

212

95

0.2355

210

95

02450

209

96

0.2546

208

96

0.2642

206

97

0 2739

206

97

02836

204

98

0 2934

204

98

03032

203

98

03130

202

99

0 3229

202

0 3328

201

99
100

0.3428

201

03527

201

100

03727

200

0.3627

200

99
100

03627

200

100
100

0.3927

15708

h=helght

13

0.0013

Explanatcon of Table of Segments

Gwen:

D!fference

of segment

32.52
39.90
46.15
51.68
56.72
61.37
65.72
69.83
7374
77 48
81.07
8454
87 89
91.15
94.31
9740
10042
103.37
106.26
109.10
111 89
114.63
117.34
120.00
122.63
125.23
127.79
130.33
132.84
135.33
13780
140.25
14267
14506
147.46
14986
15223
15458
15693
15926
161 59
16390
16622
16652
17082
17312
17541
17771
18000

2296
956
738'
625'
553'
504'
465'
435'
411'
391'
374,
359 *
347'
335'
326'
316
309
302
295
289
284
279
274
271
266
263
260
256
254
251
249
247
245
242
241
240
238
237
235
235
233
233
231
232
230
230
230
229
230
229

Arc
c/d
0.1990
0.2800
0.3412
0.3919
0.4359
0.4750
0.5103
05426
0.5724
0 6000
0.6258
0.6499
0.6726
0.6940
,0.7141
0.7332
0.7513
07684
0.7846
0.8000
0.8146
0.8285
0.8417
0.8542
0.8660
0.8773
0.8879
0 8980
0.9075
0.9165
0.9250
0.9330
0.9404
0.9474
0.9539
0 9600
0 9656
0.9708
0.9755
0.9798
0.9837
0.9871
0 9902
0 9928
0.9950
0 9968
0.9982
0 9992
0 9998

Difference
1990
810'
612'
507'
440'
391.
353'
323'
298 *
276'
258'
241'
227'
214'
201'
191'
181'
171'
162
154
146
139
132
125
118
113
106
101
95
90
85
80
74
70
65
61
58
52
47
43
39
34
31
26
22
18
14
10
6
2

10000

Circumference

0 0000
0.0638
0.0903
0.1108
0.1282
0.1436
0.1575
0.1705
0.1826
0.1940
0.2048
0.2152
0.2252
0.2348
0.2441
0.2532
0.2820
0.2706
0 2789
0.2871
0.2952
0.3031
0.3108
0.3184
0.3259
0.3333
0.3406
0.3478
0.3550
0.3820
0.3690
0.3759
0.3828
0.3898
0.3963
0.4030
0.4097
0.4163
0.4229
0.4294
0.4359
0.4424
0 4489
0.4553
0.4617
0.4681
04745
0.4809
04873
0.4936

Area
Drfference

Circle

0.0000

638

0.0017

265'

0.0046

205'

0.0087

174'

0.0134

154'

0.0187

139.

0.0245

130'

0.0308

121

0.0375

114

0 0446

108

0.0520

104

0.0598

100

0.0680

96

0.0764

93

0.0851

91

0.0941

88

0.1033

86

0.1127

83

0.1224

82

0 1323

81

0.1424

79

0.1527

77

0.1631

76

0.1738

75

01846

74

01955

73

02066

72

02178

72

0 2292

70

02407

70

0.2523

69

0.2640

69

0.2759

68

0.2878

67

0 2998

67

0.3119

67

03241

66

0.3364

66

0.3487

65

0.3611

65

0.3735

65

0.3860

65

0.3986

64

0.4112

64

0.4236

64

0.4364

64

04491

64

0.4618

64

04745

63

0.4873

64

0.5000

Difference
17
31
39
47
53
58
63
67
71
74
78
82
84
87
90
92
94
97
99
101
103
104
107
108
109
111
112
114
115
116
117
119
119
120
121
122
123
123
124
124
125
126
126
126
126
127
127
127
128
127

0.5000

of Circles. Given h/d

and d= dtameter of circle,to find the chord, the length of arc, or the area of the segment,

and find from the table the value of (c/d),

area=d'x
(area/d')
The table also gives the angle subtended
the area 01 the segment

0.00
22.96

HANDBOOK

OF CIRCLES, GIVEN h/d

Cf?ntL4
Angle, (v
(degrees) Difference

ENGINEERING

(arc/d), or (area/d*), then by a simple multipllcatlon.c=dx(cld),

at the center. the ratloof the arc of the segment

to the area of the whole cvcle

form the ratloh/d

arc=dx(arc/d),

and

to the whole circumference. and the ratloof

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS

& SYSTEMS

OF WEIGHTS

TABLE 1.13~SEGMENTS

d3

0.00
0.01
0.02

0.0000

0.03

0.0014

0.04

0.0024

0.05

0.0038

0.06
0.07

0.0054

0.0002
0.0006

Difference

0.11

0.0147
0.0176

0.12

0.0208

0.13
0.14

0.0242
0.0279

34
37
39

0.15
0.16

0.0318
0.0359

41

0.17
0.18

0.0596
0.0649
0.0704

0.23
0.24

0.0760

0.25
0.26
0.27

0.0818
0.0878
0.0939

0.28
0.29

0.1002

0.30

0.1131

0.31
0.32

0.1198

0.1066

0.1265
0.1334

0.33
0.34

0.1404

0.35

0.1475

0.36
0.37
0.38

0.1547
0.1620
0.1694

0.39

0.1768

0.40

0.1843

0.41
0.42

0.1919

0.43

0.1995
0.2072

0.44

0.2149

0.45
0.46
0.47

0.2227
0.2305
0.2383

0.48
0.49

0.2461
0.2539

0.50

0.2618

Volume

segment=

0.0047
0.0073
0.0104

16
19
22

0.10

0.21
0.22

0.0026

14

0.0120

0.0545

0.0003
0.0012

8
10

0.09

0.19

0.0000

0.08

0.20

Volume sphere

0.0073
0.0095

0.0403
0.0448
0.0495

OF SPHERES
Volume segment

Volume segment
h/d

l-33

& MEASURES

0.0140
0.0182

25
27

0.0228
0.0260
0.0336
0.0397

29
32

44
45
47

0.1452
0.1562
0.1676
0.1793

63

0.1913
0.2035

64
65

0.2160
0.2287
0.2417

67
67
69
70

0.2548
0.2682

71

0.2817

72

0.2955

73
74
74

0.3094
0.3235
0.3377

75

0.3520

76

0.3665
0.3810

76
77

0.3957

77

0.4104

78

0.4252
0.4401
0.4551

78
78
78
78

0.4700
0.4850

79

46
52
56
61

79

0.1138
0.1239
0.1344

60
61

31
36
42

0.0607
0.0686

0.1040

56
58

26

66
70
74

0.0946

51
53
55

3
9
14
21

0.0463
0.0533

0.0769
0.0855

50

Difference

0.5000

83
86
91
94
98
101
105
108
110
114
117
120
122
125
127
130
131
134
135
138
139
141
142
143
145
145
147
147
148
149
150
149
150
150

1/6rh2(3c-2h)

Explanation of Table of Segments

of Spheres

Given: h = heightof segment and d = diameter of sphere,to findthe volume

of the segment, form the ratioh/d and find from the table the value of
(volume/d3): then. by a simple multiplication,
volume segment=
d3 x (volume/d3).
The tablealso gives the ratioof the volume of the segment to the entire
volume of the sphere. Note that the area of zone= ?TX hx d.

1-34

PETROLEUM

TABLE

1.14-VOLUMES

OF SPHERES

HANDBOOK

BY HUNDREDTHS

0.6969
0.9048

0.5395
0.7161
0.9276

0.5556
0.7356
0.9508

0.5722
0.7555
0.9743

0.5890
0.7757
0.9983

1.150
1.437

1.177
1.468

1.204
1.499

1.232
1.531

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

1.767
2.145
2.572
3.054
3.591

1.803
2.185
2.618
3.105
3.648

1.839
2.226
2.664
3.157
3.706

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

4.189
4.849
5.575
6.371
7.238

4.252
4.919
5.652
6.454
7.329

2.5
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

8.181
9.203

8.280
9.309

10.31
11.49
12.77

10.42
11.62
12.90

10.54
11.74
13.04

10.65
11.87
13.17

10.77
11.99
13.31

10.89
12.12
13.44

11.01
12.25
13.58

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

14.14
15.60
17.16
18.82
20.58

14.28
15.75
17.32
18.99
20.76

14.42
15.90
17.48
19.16
20.94

14.57
16.06
17.64
19.33
21.13

14.71
16.21
17.81
19.51
21.31

14.86
16.37
17.97
19.68
21.50

3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

22.45
24.43
26.52
28.73
31.06

22.64
24.63
26.74
28.96
31.30

22.84
24.84
26.95
29.19
31.54

23.03
25.04
27.17
29.42
31.78

23.23
25.25
27.39
29.65
32.02

4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

33.51
36.09
38.79
41.63
44.60

33.76
36.35
39.07
41.92
44.91

34.02
36.62
39.35
42.21
45.21

34.27
36.88
39.63
42.51
45.52

4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9

47.71
50.97
54.36
57.91
61.60

48.03
51.30
54.71
58.27
61.98

48.35
51.63
55.06
58.63
62.36

5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

65.45
69.46
73.62
77.95
82.45

65.64
69.87
74.05
78.39
82.91

66.24
70.28
74.47
78.84
83.37

-0.5236
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.4

ENGINEERING

Difference

0.6236
0.8173

0.6414
0.8386

0.6596
0.8603

0.6781
0.8823

1.260
1.563

0.6061
0.7963
1.0227
1.023
1.288
1.596

1.047
1.317
1.630

1.073
1.346
1.663

1.098
1.376
1.697

1.124
1.406
1.732

1.875
2.268
2.711
3.209
3.764

1.912
2.310
2.758
3.262
3.823

1.950
2.352
2.806
3.315
3.882

1.988
2.395
2.855
3.369
3.942

2.026
2.439
2.903
3.424
4.003

2.065
2.483
2.953
3.479
4.064

2.105
2.527
3.003
3.535
4.126

38
43
48

4.316
4.989
5.729
6.538
7.421

4.380
5.060
5.806
6.623
7.513

4.445
5.131
5.885
6.709
7.606

4.511
5.204
5.964
6.795
7.700

4.577
5.277
6.044
6.882
7.795

4.644
5.350
6.125
6.970
7.890

4.712
5.425
6.206
7.059
7.986

4.780
5.500
6.288
7.148
8.083

66
73
80
87
94

8.379
9.417

8.478
9.525

8.580
9.634

8.682
9.744

8.785
9.855

8.888
9.966

9.097

11.13
12.38
13.72

8.992
10.079
10.08
il.25
12.51
13.86

10.19
11.37
12.64
14.00

102
110
11
12
13
14

15.00
16.52
18.14
19.86
21.69

15.15
16.68
18.31
20.04
21.88

15.30
16.84
18.48
20.22
22.07

15.45
17.00
18.65
20.40
22.26

15
16
17
18
19

23.43
25.46
27.61
29.88
32.27

23.62
25.67
27.83
30.11
32.52

23.82
25.88
28.06
30.35
32.76

24.02
26.09
28.28
30.58
33.01

2423
26.31
2850
30.82
33.26

20
21
22
23
25

34.53
37.15
39.91
42.80
45.83

34.78
37.42
40.19
43.10
46.14

35.04
37.69
40.48
43.40
46.45

35.30
37.97
40.76
43.70
46.77

35.56
38.24
41.05
44.00
47.08

35.82
38.52
41.34
44.30
47.40

26
27
28
30
31

48.67
51.97
55.41
59.00
62.74

49.00
52.31
55.76
59.37
63.12

49.32
52.65
56.12
59.73
63.51

49.65
52.99
56.47
60.10
63.89

49.97
53.33
56.83
60.48
64.28

50.30
53.67
57.19
60.85
64.67

50.63
54.02
57.54
61.22
65.06

33
34
35
37
38

66.64
70.69
74.90
79.28
83.83

67.03
71.10
75.33
79.73
84.29

67.43
71.52
75.77
80.18
84.76

67.83
71.94
76.20
80.63
85.23

68.24
72.36
76.64
81.08
85.70

68.64
72.78
77.07
81.54
86.17

69.05
73.20
77.51
81.99
86.64

40
42
43
45
47

173
208
236
25
29
33

:;

Explanationof Table of Volumes of Spheres

Moving the decimal point one place in Column d (diameter)is equivalentto moving itthree places in the body of the table.
For example, volume of sphere= ~/6x (d3)=0.523599x(d3).

Conversely, d= ?/%x

$k%%=

1.240701 x %%r%e.

MATHEMATICALTABLES

& UNITS&

SYSTEMSOFWEIGHTS

TABLE1.14-VOLUMESOF

SPHERES

d
-~
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.9

102.2
107.5

102.7
108.1

103.2
108.6

103.8
109.2

104.3
109.7

6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4

113.1
118.8
124.8
130.9
137.3

113.7
119.4
125.4
131.5
137.9

114.2
120.0
126.0
132.2
138.5

114.8
120.6
126.6
132.8
139.2

6.5
6.6
8.7
6.8
6.9

143.8
150.5
157.5
164.6
172.0

144.5
151.2
158.2
165.4
172.8

145.1
151.9
158.9
166.1
173.5

7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4

179.6
187.4
195.4
203.7
212.2

180.4
188.2
196.2
204.5
213.0

7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9

220.9
229.8
239.0
248.5
258.2

8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4

1-35

& MEASURES

BY HUNDREDTHS(continued)

87.11
91.95
96.97

87.59
92.45
97.48

88.07
92.94
97.99

88.55
93.44
98.51

89.03
93.94
99.02

89.51
94.44
99.54

90.48
95.44

90.97
95.95

91.49
96.46

Difference
48
50
52
5
5
6

104.8
110.3

90.00
94.94
100.06
100.1
105.4
110.9

100.6
105.9
111.4

101.1
106.4
112.0

101.6
107.0
112.5

115.4
121.2
127.2
133.4
139.8

115.9
121.8
127.8
134.1
140.5

116.5
122.4
128.4
134.7
141.2

117.7
123.6
129.1
135.3
141.8

117.1
123.0
129.7
136.0
142.5

118.3
124.2
130.3
136.6
143.1

145.8
152.6
159.6
166.8
174.3

146.5
153.3
160.3
167.6
175.0

147.1
154.0
161.0
168.3
175.8

147.8
154.7
161.7
169.0
176.5

148.5
155.4
162.5
169.8
177.3

149.2
156.1
163.2
170.5
178.1

149.6
156.8
163.9
171.3
178.8

181.1
189.0
197.1
205.4
213.9

181.9
189.8
197.9
206.2
214.8

182.7
190.6
198.7
207.1
215.6

183.5
191.4
199.5
207.9
216.5

184.3
192.2
200.4
208.8
217.4

185.0
193.0
201.2
209.6
218.3

185.8
193.8
202.0
210.5
219.1

186.6
194.6
202.9
211.3
220.0

221.8
230.8
240.0
249.4
259.1

222.7
231.7
240.9
250.4
260.1

223.6
232.6
241.8
251.4
261.1

224.4
233.5
242.8
252.3
262.1

225.3
234.4
243.7
253.3
263.1

226.2
235.3
244.7
254.3
264.1

227.1
236.3
245.6
255.2
265.1

228.0
237.2
246.6
256.2
266.1

228.9
238.1
247.5
257.2
267.1

268.1
278.3
288.7
299.4
310.3

269.1
279.3
289.8
300.5
311.4

270.1
280.3
290.8
301.6
312.6

271.1
281.4
291.9
302.6
313.7

272.1
282.4
292.9
303.7
314.8

273.1
283.4
294.0
304.8
315.9

274.2
284.5
295.1
305.9
317.0

275.2
285.5
296.2
307.0
318.2

276.2
286.6
2972
308.1
319.3

277.2
287.6
298.3
309.2
320.4

8.5
8.6
8.7
8.6
8.9

321.6
333.0
344.8
356.8
369.1

322.7
334.2
346.0
358.0
370.4

323.8
335.4
347.2
359.3
371.6

325.0
336.5
348.4
360.5
372.9

326.1
337.7
349.6
361.7
374.1

327.3
338.9
350.8
362.9
375.4

328.4
340.1
352.0
364.2
376.6

329.6
341.2
353.2
365.4
377.9

330.7
342.4
354.4
366.6
379.2

331.9
343.6
355.6
367.9
380.4

9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

381.7
394.6
407.7
421.2
434.9

383.0
395.9
409.1
422.5
436.3

384.3
397.2
410.4
423.9
437.7

385.5
398.5
411.7
425.2
439.1

386.8
399.8
413.1
426.6
440.5

388.1
401.1
414.4
428.0
441.9

389.4
402.4
415.7
429.4
443.3

390.7
403.7
417.1
430.7
444.7

392.0
405.1
418.4
432.1
446.1

393.3
406.4
419.8
433.5
447.5

9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9

448.9
463.2
477.9
492.8
508.0

450.3
464.7
479.4
494.3
509.6

451.8
466.1
480.8
495.8
511.1

453.2
467.6
482.3
497.3
512.7

454.6
469.1
483.8
498.9
514.2

456.0
470.5
485.3
500.4
515.8

457.5
472.0
486.8
501.9
517.3

458.9
473.5
488.3
503.4
518.9

460.4
474.9
489.8
505.0
520.5

461.8
476.4
491.3
506.5
522.0

10.0

523.6

10

11

12

13

14

15
16

PETROLEUM

l-36

TABLE

DI

3
4
5
6
7
a
9
10
12
15
16
20
24
32
48
64

1200
900
72O
600
510.43
450
400
36"
300
24'
220.50
la0
150
110.25
70.50
5O.625

1.15-REGULAR

ENGINEERING

HANDBOOK

POLYGONS

Area

Area

Area

L2

R2

r2

1.299
2.000
2.378
2.598
2.736
2.828
2 a93
2.939
3.000
3.051
3.062
3.090
3.106
3.121
3.133
3.137

5196
4.000
3633
3464
3.371
3314
3276
3249
3215
3 188
3 ia3
3.168
3160
3152
3146
3144

0.5774
0.7071
0.8507
1.000
1.152
1307
1.462
I.618
1.932
2.405
2.563
3196
3.831
5.101
7.645
10.19

2000
1.414
1.236
1.155
1.110
1.082
1.064
1.052
1.035
1.022
1.020
1.013
1.009
1.005
1.002
1.001

1.732
1.414
1.176
1.000
0.8678
0.7654
0.6840
0.61a0
0.5176
0.4158
0.3902
0.3129
0.2611
0.1960
0.1308
0.0981

3.464
2.000
1 453
1.155
0.9631
0.8284
0.7279
0.6498
0.5359
0.4251
0.3978
0.3168
0.2633
0.1970
0.1311
0.0983

0.5000
0.7071
0.8090
0.8660
0.9010
0.9239
0.9397
0.9511
0.9659
0.9781
0.9808
0.9877
0.9914
0.9952
0.9979
0.9968

0.2887
0.5000
0.6882
0.8660
1.038
1.207
1.374
1.539
1.866
2.352
2.514
3.157
3.798
5.077
7.629
10.18

0.4330
1.000
1.721
2.598
3.634
4.828
6.182
7.694
11.20
17.64
20.11
31.57
45.58
al.23
183.1
325.7

n = number of sides,
N = 3600/n = angle subtended at the center by one side,
1 = length of one side= R (2 sin (~12)
= r(2 tan a/2),
R = radius of circumscribed circle
= L(% csc u/2) =r(sec a/2).
r = radius of inscribedcircle
= R (cos a/2)= L(% cot ~12).and
area = L* (l/4
n cot (u/2)
= R2 (% n sin (u)= r2 (n tan 0(/2).

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS

& SYSTEMS

OF WEIGHTS

TABLE
(n), =I. (n), =R. (n)? =[n(n
notations

l)]/(lx 2). (r~)~=[n(n

1.16-BINOMIAL

l)(n

& MEASURES

1-37

COEFFICIENTS

2)]/(1x 2 x 3). etc., m

general, (n), = n(n - l)(n - 2)

[n - (r-

l)]/(lx 2 x 3

xr) Other

nCr=(nir) = (nJr

cm,

(n).

m,

bid

w,

2
3

1
1

2
3

ml,

10

10

15

20

15

21

35

35

21

70

56

28

126

126

64

Hi

21

28

9
10

36

56
a4

10

45

120

210

252

210

120

45

11

11

55

165

330

462

462

330

165

12

12

66

220

495

792

924

792

495

13

13

78

286

715

1,287

1.716

1.716

I ,287

2::

14

14

91

364

2,002

3,003

3,432

3.003

1 001

364

91

14

I5

15

105

455

1.001
1.365

3.003

5.005

6,435

6,435

3.003

1.365

455

105

36

9
11

1
12

78

13

PETRC ILEUM

l-38

TABLE

Number

1.17-COMMON

LOGARITHMS

E:NGINEERING

HANDBOOK

(1.OO TO 2.00)

1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04

0.0000
0.0043
0.0086
0.0128
00170

0.0004
0.0048
0.0090
0.0133
00175

0.0009
0.0052
0.0095
0.0137
0.0179

0.0013
0.0056
a0099
6.0141
0.0183

o.0017
0.0060
0.0103
0.0145
0.0187

o.0022
0.0065
0.0107
0.0149
0.0191

0.0026
0.0069
0.0111
0.0154
0.0195

0.0030
0.0073
0.0116
0.0158
0.0199

0.0035
0.0077
00120
0.0162
0.0204

0.0039
0.0082
0.0124
0.0166
0.0208

1.05
1 06
1.07
1.08
109

0.0212
0.0253
0.0294
0.0334
0.0374

0.0216
0.0257
0.0298
0.0338
0.0378

0.0220
0.0261
0.0302
0.0342
0.0382

0.0224
0.0265
0.0306
0.0346
0.0386

0.0228
0.0269
0.0310
0.0350
0.0390

0.0233
0.0273
0.0314
0.0354
0.0394

0.0237
0.0278
0.0318
0.0358
0.0398

0.0241
0.0282
0.0322
0.0362
0.0402

00245
0.0286
0.0326
0.0366
00406

0.0249
0.0290
0.0330
0.0370
0.0410

1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1 14

0.0414
0.0453
0.0492
0.0531
0.0569

0.0418
0.0457
0 0496
0.0535
00573

0.0422
0.0461
0 0500
0.0538
0.0577

00426
00465
00504
0.0542
00580

00430
0 0469
00508
00546
00584

0.0434
0.0473
0.0512
0.0550
00588

0.0438
0.0477
0.0515
0.0554
0.0592

0.0441
0.0481
0.0519
0.0558
0.0596

00445
00484
00523
00561
0 0599

0.0449
0.0488
0.0527
0.0565
0.0603

1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19

0.0607
0.0645
00682
0.0719
0.0755

0.0611
0.0648
0.0686
0.0722
0.0759

0.0615
0.0652
0.0689
0.0726
0.0763

0.0618
00656
0.0693
0.0730
0.0766

0.0622
0.0660
0 0697
00734
00770

0.0626
0.0663
0.0700
0.0737
0.0774

0.0630
0.0667
0.0704
0.0741
0.0777

0.0633
0.0671
0.0708
0.0745
0.0781

00637
00674
00711
0.0748
00785

0.0641
0.0678
0.0715
0.0752
0.0788

1.20
1 21
1.22
1.23
1.24

0.0792
0.0828
0.0864
0.0899
0.0934

0 0795
0.0831
0.0867
0.0903
0.0938

0.0799
0.0835
0.0871
0.0906
0.0941

0.0803
0.0839
0.0874
0.0910
0.0945

00806
00842
0.0878
0.0913
0.0948

0.0810
0.0846
0.0881
0.0917
0.0952

0.0813
0.0849
0.0885
0.0920
0.0955

0.0817
0.0853
0.0888
0.0924
0.0959

0.0821
00856
0 0892
0 0927
0 0962

0.0824
0.0860
0.0896
0.0931
0.0966

1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29

0.0969
0.1004
0.1038
0.1072
01106

0.0973
0.1007
0 1041
01075
0.1109

0.0976
0.1011
0.1045
0.1079
0.1113

0.0980
0.1014
0.1048
0.1082
0.1116

0 0983
01017
0.1052
01086
01119

0.0986
0.1021
0.1055
0.1089
0.1123

0.0990
0.1024
0.1059
0.1092
0.1126

0.0993
0.1028
0.1062
0.1096
0.1129

0.0997
01031
01065
0.1099
0.1133

0.1000
0.1035
0.1069
0.1103
0.1136

1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34

0.1139
0.1173
0.1206
0.1239
0.1271

0.1143
01176
0.1209
0.1242
0.1274

0.1146
0.1179
0.1212
0.1245
0.1278

0.1149
0.1183
0.1216
0.1248
0.1281

01153
01186
0.1219
0 1252
01284

0.1156
0.1189
0.1222
0.1255
0.1287

0.1159
0.1193
0.1225
0.1258
0.1290

0.1163
0.1196
0.1229
0.1261
0.1294

01166
0.1199
01232
01265
01297

0.1169
0.1202
0.1235
0.1268
0.1300

1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39

0.1303
0.1335
0.1367
0.1399
0.1430

0.1307
0.1339
0.1370
0.1402
0.1433

0.1310
0.1342
0.1374
0 1405
0.1436

01313
0.1345
0.1377
0.1408
0.1440

01316
0 1348
0.1380
01411
0 1443

0.1319
0.1351
0.1383
0.1414
0.1446

0.1323
0.1355
0.1386
0.1418
0.1449

0.1326
0.1358
0.1389
0.1421
0.1452

01329
01361
01392
01424
01455

0.1332
0.1364
0.1396
0.1427
0.1458

1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44

0.1461
01492
0.1523
0.1553
0.1584

0.1464
0.1495
0.1526
0.1556
0.1587

0.1467
0.1498
0.1529
01559
0.1590

0.1471
01501
01532
0.1562
0.1593

01474
01504
01535
0.1565
01596

0.1477
01508
0.1538
0.1569
0.1599

0.1480
0.1511
0.1541
0.1572
0.1602

0.1483
0.1514
0.1544
0.1575
0.1605

01486
01517
01547
01578
01608

0.1489
0.1520
0.1550
01581
0.1611

1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49

0.1614
0 1644
0.1673
0.1703
0.1732

0.1617
0.1647
0.1676
0.1706
0.1735

0.1620
0.1649
0.1679
01708
0.1738

0.1623
0.1652
0.1682
01711
0.1741

0.1626
0 1655
0.1685
01714
0.1744

0.1629
0.1658
0.1688
01717
0.1746

0.1632
0.1661
0.1691
0.1720
0.1749

0.1635
0.1664
0.1694
0.1723
0.1752

01638
01667
0.1697
01726
01755

0.1641
0 1670
01700
0.1729
0.1758

Average
Difference
4

Moving the decimal polntn places to the right(orleft)

In the number requiresadding +n (or-n) in the body of the table
See Table 1.18.

MATHEMATICALTABLES

& UNITS

&SYSTEMSOFWElGHTS&

TABLE 1.17-COMMON

Number

MEASURES

I-39

LOGARITHMS (1.00 TO 2.00) (continued)

1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54

0.1761
0.1790
0.1818
0.1847
0.1875

0.1764
0.1793
0.1821
0.1850
0.1878

0.1767
0.1796
0.1824
0.1853
0.1881

0.1770
0.1798
0.1827
0.1855
0.1884

0.1772
0 1801
0.1830
0.1858
0.1886

0.1775
0.1804
0.1833
0.1861
0.1889

0.1778
0.1807
0.1836
0.1864
0.1892

0.1781
0.1810
0.1838
0.1867
0.1895

01784
0 1813
0.1841
0 1870
0.1898

0.1787
0.1816
0.1844
0 1872
0.1901

1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59

0.1903
01931
0.1959
0.1987
02014

0.1906
0.1934
0.1962
0.1989
0.2017

0.1909
0.1937
0.1965
0.1992
0.2019

0.1912
0.1940
0.1967
0.1995
0.2022

0.1915
0.1942
0.1970
0.1998
0.2025

0.1917
0.1945
0.1973
0.2000
0.2028

0.1920
0.1948
0.1976
0.2003
0.2030

0.1923
0.1951
0.1978
0.2006
0.2033

01926
01953
0.1981
0.2009
0.2036

0.1928
0.1956
0.1984
0.2011
0.2038

1.60
1.61
1 62
1 63
1.64

02041
0.2068
0.2095
02122
02148

0.2044
0.2071
0.2098
0.2125
0.2151

0.2047
0.2074
0.2101
0.2127
0.2154

0.2049
0.2076
0.2103
0.2130
0.2156

0.2052
0.2079
0.2106
0.2133
0.2159

0.2055
0.2082
0.2109
0.2135
0.2162

0.2057
0.2084
0.2111
0.2138
0.2164

0.2060
0.2087
0.2114
0.2140
0.2167

0.2063
0.2090
0.2117
0.2143
0.2170

0.2066
0.2092
0.2119
0.2146
0.2172

1.65
1.66
167
1.68
1.69

02175
0.2201
02227
02253
0 2279

0.2177
0.2204
0.2230
0.2256
0.2281

0.2180
0.2206
0.2232
0.2258
0.2284

0.2183
0.2209
0.2235
0.2261
0.2287

0.2185
0.2212
0.2238
0.2263
0.2289

0.2188
0.2214
0.2240
0.2266
0.2292

0.2191
0.2217
0.2243
0.2269
0.2294

0.2193
0.2219
0.2245
0.2271
0.2297

0.2196
0.2222
02248
02274
0.2299

0.2198
0.2225
0.2251
0.2276
0.2302

1.70
1.71
1 72
1 73
1.74

02304
02330
0.2355
0.2380
0.2405

0.2307
0.2333
0.2358
0.2383
0.2408

0.2310
0.2335
0.2360
0.2385
0.2410

0.2312
0.2338
0.2363
0.2388
0.2413

0.2315
0.2340
0.2365
0.2390
0.2415

0.2317
0.2343
0.2368
0.2393
0.2418

0.2320
0.2345
0.2370
0.2395
0.2420

0.2322
0.2348
0.2373
0.2398
0.2423

02325
0.2350
02375
02400
0.2425

0.2327
0.2353
0.2378
0.2403
0.2428

1.75
176
1.77
1.78
1.79

02430
0.2455
0.2480
0.2504
0.2529

0.2433
0.2458
0.2482
0.2507
0.2531

0.2435
0.2460
0.2485
0.2509
0.2533

0.2438
0.2463
02487
0.2512
0.2536

0.2440
0.2465
0.2490
0.2514
0.2538

0.2443
0.2467
0.2492
0.2516
0.2541

0.2445
0.2470
0.2494
0.2519
0.2543

0.2448
0.2472
0.2497
0.2521
0.2545

0.2450
0.2475
0 2499
02524
0.2548

0.2453
0.2477
0.2502
0.2526
0.2550

1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84

0.2553
0 2577
0.2601
0.2625
0.2648

0.2555
0.2579
0.2603
0.2627
0.2651

0.2558
0.2582
0.2605
0.2629
0.2653

0.2560
0.2584
02608
0.2632
02655

0.2562
0.2586
0.2610
0.2634
0.2658

0.2565
0.2589
0.2613
0.2636
0.2660

0.2567
0.2591
0.2615
0.2639
0.2662

0.2570
0.2594
0.2617
0.2641
0.2665

0.2572
0.2596
0.2620
02643
0.2667

0.2574
0.2598
0.2622
0.2646
0.2669

1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1 89

0.2672
0 2695
0.2718
0.2742
0.2765

0.2674
0.2697
0.2721
0.2744
0.2767

0.2676
0.2700
0.2723
0.2746

02679
0.2702
0.2725
0 2749
0.2772

0.2681
0.2704
0.2728
0.2751
0.2774

0.2683
0.2707
0.2730
0.2753
0.2776

0.2686
0.2709
0.2732
0.2755
0.2778

0.2688
0.2711
0.2735
0.2758
0.2781

0.2690
0 2714
0.2737
0.2760
0.2783

0.2693
0.2716
0.2739
0.2762
0.2785

1.90
1.91
1 92
1 93
194

0.2788
0.2810
0.2833
0.2856
0.2878

0.2790
0.2813
0.2835
0.2858
0.2880

0.2815
0.2838
0.2860
0.2882

0.2794
0.2817
02840
02862
02885

0.2797
0.2819
0.2842
0.2865
0.2887

0.2799
0.2822
0.2844
0.2867
0.2889

0.2801
0.2824
0.2847
0.2869
0.2891

0.2804
0.2826
0.2849
0.2871
0.2894

02806
0.2828
0.2851
0.2874
0.2896

0.2808
0 2831
0.2853
0.2876
0.2898

195
196
197
1 98
1 99

0.2900
0.2923
0.2945
0.2967
0.2989

0.2903
0.2925
0.2947
0.2969
0.2991

0.2905
0.2927
0.2949
0.2971
0.2993

0 2907
0 2929
0.2951
0.2973
0.2995

0.2909
0.2931
0.2953
0.2975
0.2997

0.2911
0.2934
0.2956
0.2978
0.2999

0.2914
0.2936
0.2958
0.2980
0.3002

0.2916
0.2938
0.2960
0.2982
0.3004

0.2918
0.2940
0.2962
0.2984
0.3006

0.2920
0.2942
0.2964
0.2986
0.3008

1 so

0.2769
0.2792

Average
Difference
3

Mowng the decimal pointn places 10 the right[orleft)in

the number requiresadding +n (or-r?)in the body of the table
See Table 1.18

PETROLEUM

I-40

TABLEl.lB-COMMON

HANDBOOK

LOGARITHMS

Average
Difference

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

0.0000
0.0414
0.0792
0.1139
0.1461

0.0043
0.0453
0.0828
0.1173
0.1492

2
__
0.0086
0.0492
0.0864
0.1206
0.1523

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

0.1761
0.2041
0.2304
0.2553
0.2788

0.1790
0.2068
0.2330
0.2577
0.2810

0.1818
0.2095
0.2355
0.2601
0.2833

0.1847
0.2122
0.2380
0.2625
0.2856

01875
0.2148
0.2405
0.2648
0.2878

0.1903
0.2175
0.2430
0.2672
0.2900

0.1931
0.2201
0.2455
0.2695
0.2923

0.1959
0.2227
0.2480
0.2718
0.2945

0.1987
0.2253
0.2504
0.2742
0.2967

0.2014
0.2279
0.2529
0.2765
0.2989

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

0.3010
0.3222
0.3424
03617
0.3802

0.3032
0.3243
0.3444
0.3636
0.3820

0.3054
0.3263
0.3464
0.3655
0.3838

0.3075
0.3284
0.3483
0.3674
0.3856

0.3096
0.3304
0.3502
0.3692
0.3874

0.3118
0.3324
0.3522
0.3711
0.3892

0.3139
0.3345
0.3541
0.3729
0.3909

0.3160
0.3365
0.3560
0.3747
0.3927

0.3181
0.3385
0.3579
0.3766
0.3945

0.3201
0.3404
0.3598
0.3784
0.3962

21
20
19
18
17

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

0.3979
0.4150
04314
04472
0.4624

0.3997
0.4166
0.4330
04487
0.4639

0.4014
0.4183
0.4346
0.4502
0.4654

0.4031
04200
0.4362
04518
0.4669

0.4048
04216
0.4378
0.4533
0.4683

0.4065
0.4232
0.4393
0.4548
0.4698

0.4082
0.4249
0.4409
0.4564
0.4713

0.4099
0.4265
0.4425
0.4579
0.4728

0.4116
04281
0.4440
0.4594
0.4742

0.4133
0.4298
0.4456
0.4609
0.4757

17
16
16
15
15

3.0
31
3.2
3.3
3.4

0.4771
0 4914
0.5051
0.5185
0.5315

0.4786
0.4928
0.5065
0.5198
0.5328

0.4800
0.4942
0.5079
0.5211
0.5340

0.4814
0.4955
0.5092
0.5224
0.5353

0.4829
0.4969
0.5105
0.5237
0.5366

0.4843
0.4983
0.5119
0.5250
0.5378

0.4857
0.4997
0.5132
0.5263
0.5391

0.4871
0.5011
0.5145
0.5276
0.5403

0.4886
0.5024
0.5159
0.5289
0.5416

0.4900
0.5038
0.5172
0.5302
0.5428

14
14
13
13
13

3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

0.5441
0.5563
0.5682
0.5798
0.5911

0.5453
0.5575
0.5694
0.5809
0.5922

0.5465
0.5587
0.5705
0.5821
0.5933

0.5478
0.5599
0.5717
0.5832
0.5944

0.5490
0.5611
0.5729
0.5843
0.5955

0.5502
0.5623
0.5740
0.5855
0.5966

0.5514
0.5635
0.5752
0.5866
0.5977

0.5527
0.5647
0.5763
0.5877
0.5988

0.5539
0.5658
0.5775
0.5888
0.5999

0.5551
0.5670
0.5786
0.5899
0.6010

12
12
12
11
11

4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

0.6021
0.6128
0.6232
0.6335
0.6435

0.6031
0.6138
0.6243
0.6345
0.6444

0.6042
0.6149
0.6253
0.6355
0.6454

0.6053
0.6160
0.6263
0.6365
0.6464

0.6064
0.6170
0.6274
0.6375
0.6474

0.6075
0.6180
0.6284
0.6385
0.6484

0.6085
0.6191
0.6294
0.6395
0.6493

0.6096
0.6201
0.6304
0.6405
0.6503

0.6107
0.6212
0.6314
0.6415
0.6513

0.6117
0.6222
0.6325
0.6425
0.6522

11
10
10
10
10

4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9

0.6532
0.6628
0.6721
0.6812
0.6902

0.6542
0.6637
0.6730
0.6812
0.6911

0.6551
0.6646
0.6739
0.6830
0.6920

0.6561
0.6656
0.6749
0.6839
0 6928

06571
0.6665
0.6758
0.6848
0.6937

0.6580
0.6675
0.6767
0.6857
0.6946

0.6590
0.6684
0.6776
0.6866
0.6955

0.6599
0.6693
0.6785
0.6875
0.6964

0.6609
0.6702
0.6794
0.6884
0.6972

0.6618
0.6712
0.6803
0.6893
0.6981

10
10
9
9
9

5.0
5.1
52
5.3
5.4

0.6990
0.7076
0.7160
0.7243
0.7324

0.6998
0.7084
0.7168
0.7251
0.7332

0.7007
0.7093
0.7177
0.7259
0.7340

0.7016
0.7101
0.7185
07267
07348

0.7024
07110
0.7193
0.7275
07356

0.7033
0.7118
0.7202
0.7284
0.7364

0.7042
0.7126
0.7210
0.7292
0.7372

0.7050
0.7135
0.7218
0.7300
0.7380

0.7059
0.7143
0.7226
0.7308
0.7388

0.7067
0.7152
0.7235
0.7316
0.7396

9
8'
8
8
8

5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
59

0.7404
0.7482
0.7559
0.7634
0.7709

0.7412
0 7490
0.7566
0.7642
0.7716

0.7419
0.7497
0.7574
0.7649
0.7723

07427
0.7505
07582
07657
07731

0.7435
0.7513
0.7589
0.7664
0.7738

0.7443
0.7520
0.7597
0.7672
0.7745

0.7451
0.7528
0.7604
0.7679
0.7752

0.7459
0.7536
0.7612
0.7686
0.7760

0.7466
0.7543
0.7619
0.7694
07767

0.7474
0.7551
0.7627
0.7701
0.7774

8
8
8
7
7

Number

ENGINEERING

3
~
0.0128
0.0531
0.0899
0.1239
0.1553

4
~
0 0170
0.0569
0 0934
0.1271
0.1584

0.0212
0.0607
0.0969
0.1303
0.1614

0.0253
0.0645
0.1004
0.1335
0.1644

0.0294
0.0682
0.1038
0.1367
0.1673

0.0334
0.0719
0.1072
0.1399
0.1703

0.0374
0.0755
0.1106
0.1430
0.1732

See
See
See
See
See

Table
Table
Table
Table
Table

1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17

See
See
See
See
See

Table
Table
Table
Table
Table

1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17

This tablegivesthecommon
logarithmsof numbers between 1 and 10,correcltofourplaces.Moving the decimalpointn places
to the right(or left)
in the number is equivalentto adding n (or -n) to the logarithm.Thus, log 0.017453=0.2419-2,
which
may also be written2.2419 or 8.2419- 10.
For example, log(ab)=log a+log b, log (aN)=N log a, log(alb)=loga-log b, and log(?'a)=l/N log a.

MATHEMATlCALTABLES&

UNlTS&SYSTEMSOFWElGHTS&

TABLE

Number

l-41

MEASURES

1.18- -COMMON

LOGARITHMS

(continued)

Average
Difference

6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4

0.7782
0.7853
0.7924
0.7993
0.8062

0.7789
0.7860
0.7931
0.8000
0.8069

07796
07868
0.7938
0.8007
0.8075

0.7803
0.7875
0.7945
0.8014
0.8082

0.7810
0.7882
0.7952
0.8021
0.8089

0.7818
0.7889
0.7959
0.8028
0.8096

0.7825
0.7896
0.7966
0.8035
0.8102

0.7832
0.7903
0.7973
0.8041
0.8109

0.7839
0.7910
0.7980
0.8048
0.8116

0.7846
0.7917
0.7987
0.8055
0.8122

6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9

0.8129
0.8195
0.8261
0.8325
0.8388

0.8136
0.8202
0.8267
0.8331
0.8395

0.8142
0.8209
0.8274
0.8338
0.8401

0.8149
0.8215
0.8280
0.8344
0.8407

0.8156
0.8222
0.8287
0.8351
0.8414

0.8162
0.8228
0.8293
0.8357
0.8420

0.8169
0.8235
0.8299
0.8363
0.8426

0.8176
0.8241
0.8306
0.8370
0.8432

0.8182
0.8248
0.8312
0.8376
0.8439

0.8189
0.8254
0.8319
0.8382
0.8445

6
6
6

7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4

0.8451
0.8513
0.8573
0.8633
0.8692

0.8457
0.8519
0.8579
0.8639
0.8698

0.8463
0.8525
0.8585
0.8645
0.8704

0.8470
0.8531
0.8591
0.8651
0.8710

0.8476
0.8537
0.8597
0.8657
0.8716

0.8482
0.8543
0.8603
0.8663
0.8722

0.8488
0.8549
0.8609
0.8669
0.8727

0.8494
0.8555
0.8615
0.8675
0.8733

0.8500
0.8561
0.8621
0.8681
0.8739

0.8506
0.8567
0.8627
0.8686
0.8745

6
6
6
6
6

7.5
76
7.7
7.8
7.9

0.8751
0.8808
0.8865
0.8921
0.8976

0.8756
0.8814
0.8871
0.8927
0.8982

0.8762
0.8820
0.8876
0.8932
0.8987

0.8768
0.8825
0.8882
0.8938
0.8993

0.8774
0.8831
0.8887
0.8943
0.8998

0.8779
0.8837
0.8893
0.8949
0.9004

0.8785
0.8842
0.8899
0.8954
0.9009

0.8791
0.8848
0.8904
0.8960
0.9015

0.8797
0.8854
0.8910
0.8965
0.9020

0.8802
0.8859
0.8915
0.8971
0.9025

6
6
6
6
5

8.0
81
82
8.3
8.4

0.9031
0.9085
09138
0.9191
0 9243

0.9036
0.9090
09143
0.9196
0 9248

0.9042
0.9096
0.9149
0.9201
0.9253

0.9047
0.9101
0.9154
0.9206
0.9258

0 9053
0.9106
09159
0.9212
0.9263

0.9058
0.9112
0.9165
0.9217
0 9269

0.9063
0.9117
0.9170
0.9222
0.9274

0.9069
0.9122
0.9175
0.9227
0.9279

0.9074
0.9128
09180
0.9232
0.9284

0.9079
0.9133
0.9186
0.9238
0.9289

5
5
5
5
5

85
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9

0 9294
0.9345
0.9395
0.9445
0.9494

0.9299
0.9350
0.9400
0.9450
0.9499

0.9304
0.9355
0.9405
0.9455
0.9504

0.9309
0.9360
0.9410
0.9460
0.9509

0.9315
0.9365
0.9415
0.9465
0.9513

0.9320
0.9370
0.9420
0.9469
0.9518

0.9325
0.9375
0.9425
0.9474
0.9523

0.9330
0.9380
0.9430
0.9479
0.9528

0.9335
0.9385
0.9435
0.9484
0.9533

0.9340
0.9390
0.9440
0.9489
0.9538

5
5
5
5
5

9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

0.9542
0.9590
0.9638
0.9685
0.9731

0.9547
0.9595
0.9643
0.9689
0.9736

0.9552
0.9600
0.9647
0.9694
0.9741

0.9557
0.9605
0.9652
0.9699
0.9745

0.9562
0.9609
0.9657
0.9703
0.9750

0.9566
0.9614
0.9661
0.9708
0.9754

0.9571
0.9619
0.9666
0.9713
0.9759

0.9576
0.9624
0.9671
0.9717
0.9763

0.9581
0.9628
0.9675
0.9722
0.9768

0.9586
0.9633
0.9680
0.9727
0.9773

5
5
5
5
5

9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9

0.9777
0.9823
0.9868
0.9912
0.9956

0.9782
0.9827
0.9872
0.9917
0.9961

0.9786
0.9832
0.9877
0.9921
0.9965

0.9791
0.9836
0.9881
0.9926
0.9969

0.9795
0.9841
0.9886
0.9930
0.9974

0.9800
0.9845
0.9890
0.9934
0.9978

0.9805
0.9850
0.9894
0.9939
0.9983

0.9809
0.9854
0.9899
0.9943
0.9987

0.9814
0.9859
0.9903
0.9948
0.9991

0.9818
0.9863
0.9908
0.9952
0.9996

5
4
4
4
4

109 v=o

4971 log &2=0

1961, log $t2=09943

log \,<=02466.

log e-04343,

and log (04343)=06378-

PETROLEUM

1-42

TABLE

1.19-DEGREES

AND

MINUTES

EXPRESSED

1
2
3
4
5
6
L
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

00175
0.0349
0.0524
0.0698
0.0873
0.1047
0.1222
0 1396
01571
0.1745
0.1920
0.2094
0.2269
02443
02618
0 2793
0.2967
0.3142
0.3316
0.3491
0.3665
0.3840
0.4014
0.4189
0.4363
0.4538
0.4712
0.4887
0.5061
0.5236
0.5411
0.5585
0.5760
0.5934
0.6109
0.6283
0.6458
0.6632
0.6807
0.6981
0.7156
0.7330
0.7505
0.7679
0.7854
0.8029
0.8203
0.8378
0.8552
0.8727
0 8901
0.9076
0.9250
0.9425
0 9599
0.9774
0 9948
1.0123
1.0297
1.0472

61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84

a5
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120

121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180

Arc ,=00,74533.
Arc ,=0000290888,Arc
See aim Table 1 40

2.1118
2.1293
2.1468
21642
2.1817
21991
2.2166
22340
2.2515
22689
2.2864
23038
2.3213
2.3387
23562
2.3736
2.3911
24086
24260
2.4435
2.4609
2.4784
2.4958
2.5133
25307
25482
2.5656
2.5831
2.6005
2.6180
2.6354
2.6529
2.6704
2.6878
27053
27227
2.7402
2.7576
2.7751
2.7925
2.8100
2.8274
28449
2.8623
28798
2.8972
29147
2.9322
2.9496
2.9671
2.9845
3.0020
3.0194
3.0369
3.0543
3.0718
3.0892
3.1067
3.1241
3.1416

1~=000000484814

O.Ol
00.02
00 03
00.04
00.05
OO.06
00.07
O" 08
00.09
00.10
00.11
00 12
00.13
00.14
00.15
OO.16
00.17
OO.18
00.19
00.20
00.21
00.22
OO.23
OO.24
OO.25
0".26
00.27
OO.28
00 29
0".30
00.31
0".32
00.33
00.34
00.35
OO.36
00.37
0".38
00.39
OO.40
00.41
OO.42
0043
00.44
00.45
OO.46
00 47
OO.48
00.49
00.50

1 radnn

00002
00003
0.0005
00007
0.0009
0.0010
00012
00014
0.0016
00017
0.0019
00021
0.0023
00024
00026
00028
00030
0.0031
00033
00035
00037
0.0038
0.0040
0.0042
00044
00045
00047
0.0049
0.0051
0.0052
0.0054
00056
0.0058
0.0059
0.0061
0.0063
0.0065
0.0066
0.0068
0.0070
0.0072
0.0073
0.0075
0.0077
0.0079
0.0080
00082
0.0084
0.0086
0.0087

HANDBOOK

IN RADIANS

Hundredths

Degrees
1.0647
1.0821
1.0996
1.1170
1.1345
1.1519
1.1694
1.1868
1.2043
1.2217
1.2392
1.2566
1.2741
12915
1.3090
1.3265
1.3439
1.3614
1.3788
1.3963
1.4137
1.4312
1.4486
1.4661
1.4835
1.5010
1.5184
1.5359
1.5533
1.5708
1.5882
1.6057
1.6232
1.6406
1.6581
1.6755
1.6930
1 7104
1.7279
1.7453
1.7628
1.7802
1.7977
1.8151
18326
18500
1.8675
1.8850
1.9024
1.9199
1.9373
1.9548
1.9722
1.9897
20071
2.0246
2.0420
2.0595
2.0769
2.0944

ENGINEERING

OO.51
OO.52
00.53
00 54
00.55
OO.56
00.57
OO.58
00.59
OO.60
OO.61
OO.62
OO.63
OO.64
0".65
00.66
OO.67
00.68
OO.69
00.70
00.71
OO.72
00.73
00.74
00.75
OO.76
00.77
00.78
00.79
00.80
OO.81
0".82
OO.83
0".84
OO.85
00.86
OO.87
00.88
OO.89
00.90
00.91
00.92
00.93
00.94
00.95
OO.96
00.97
0".98
00.99
10.00

Minutes
0.0089
0.0091
0.0093
0.0094
0.0096
0.0098
0.0099
0.0101
0.0103
0.0105
0.0106
0.0108
0.0110
0.0112
0.0113
0.0115
0.0117
0.0119
0.0120
0.0122
0.0124
0.0126
0.0127
0.0129
0.0131
0.0133
0.0134
0.0136
0.0138
0.0140
0.0141
0.0143
0.0145
0.0147
0.0148
0.0150
0.0152
0.0154
0.0155
0.0157
0.0159
0.0161
0.0162
0.0164
0.0166
0.0168
0.0169
0.0171
0.0173
0.0175

= 570295780=571707468=57017440806

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

0.0003
0.0006
00009
0.0012
0.0015
0.0017
0.0020
00023
0.0026
0.0029
0.0032
0.0035
0.0038
0.0041
0.0044
00047
0.0049
00052
0.0055
0.0058
0.0061
0.0064
0.0067
0.0070
0.0073
0.0076
0.0079
0.0081
00084
0.0087
0.0090
0.0093
0.0096
0.0099
0.0102
0.0105
00108
0.0111
0.0113
0.0116
0.0119
0.0122
0.0125
0.0128
0.0131
00134
0.0137
0.0140
00143
0.0145
00148
0.0151
00154
00157
00160
0.0163
0.0166
0.0169
0.0172
0.0175

MATHEMATICALTABLE

!S & UIVlTS&

SYSTEMSOFWEIGHTS

& MEASURES

TABLEl.PO-RADIANSEXPRESSED
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.41
042
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.60
0.61
0.62
0.63

00.57
10.15
I" 72
20.29
20.86
30.44
40.01
4O.58
5O.16
50.73
6O.30
60.88
70.45
8O.02
8O.59
90.17
90.74
100.31
lo".89
II='.46
12O.03
12O.61
13O.18
130.75
14O.32
140.90
150.47
16O.04
16O.62
170.19
17".76
18O.33
18O.91
IgO.
2OO.05
2OO.63
210.20
210.77
22O.35
220.92
230.49
24O.06
24O.64
25O.21
25".78
26O.36
26O.93
27O.50
28".07
28O.65
290.22
290.79
300.37
30".94
310.51
320.09
32O.66
33O.23
33O.80
34O.38
34O.95
35O.52
36O.10

0 64
0.65
066
0 67
0.68
0 69
0.70
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.80
081
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.90
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26

36O 67
37".24
37O.82
38O.39
38O .96
39".53
400.11
4OO.68
41O.25
41".83
42O.40
42O.97
430.54
44O.12
44O.69
45O.26
45O.84
46O.41
46O.98
47O.56
480.13
48O.70
49O.27
49O .85
5OO.42
500.99
510.57
52O.14
52O.71
530.29
53O.86
540.43
550.00
55O.58
56O.15
56O.72
570.30
57O.87
58".44
590.01
590.59
600.16
6OO.73
61O.31
610.88
62O.45
63'=.03
63O.60
64O.17
64O.74
65O.32
65O.89
66'=.46
67O.04
67O.61
680.18
68O.75
69".33
69".90
7OO.47
71O.05
71O.62
72O.19

1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
171
172
173
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89

72O.77
730.34
73" 91
74' 48
75O.06
75'63
76O.20
76".78
770.35
770.92
780.50
790.07
79O.64
8OO.21
8OO.79
81O.36
81O.93
82O.51
83O.08
83O.65
84O.22
84O.80
85".37
85O.94
86O.52
87O.09
87O.66
88O.24
880.81
89O.38
89".95
900.53
910.10
91 67
920.25
92O 82
930.39
930 97
940.54
950.11
95O.68
96O.26
96O.83
97O.40
97O.98
98O.55
99O.12
99O.69
lOOO.27
loo='.84
1010.41
1010.99
102O.56
1030.13
1030.71
104O.28
104O.85
105O.42
106.00
106O.57
107O.14
107O.72
108O.29

1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52

1-43

IN DEGREES
108O.86
1090.43
110~.01
IlOO.
1110.15
1110.73
112O.30
112O.87
1130.45
114O.02
1140.59
115".16
1150.74
116O.31
1160.88
117O.46
118.03
1180.60
119O.18
1190.75
12OO.32
12OO.89
121O.47
1220.04
122O.61
123O.19
123O.76
124O.33
124O.90
125O.48
126O.05
126O.62
127O.20
127O.77
128O.34
128O.92
1290.49
130a.06
13OO.63
131O.21
131O.78
132O.35
132O.93
133O.50
134O.07
134O.65
135O.22
1350.79
136O.36
136O.94
1370.51
138O.08
138O.66
1390.23
139O.80
1400.37
140".95
141O.52
142O.09
142O.67
143O.24
144O.81
144O.39

2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

144O 96
1450 53
146O IO
146O.68
147O 25
147'82
148O.40
148O.97
1490.54
150~11
15069
151 26
151O.83
152O.41
152O.98
1530.55
1540.13
154O.70
155O.27
155O.84
156O.42
156O .99
157O.56
158O.14
158O.71
159O.28
1590.86
16OO.43
161'.00
161O.57
162O.15
162O.72
163O.29
163O87
164O.44
165O 01
165O.58
166O16
166O.73
167O.30
167O.88
168O.45
169O.02
169O.60
170~.17
1700.74
1710.31
71O.89
72O.46
730.03
73O.61
74O.18
740.75
750.33
750.90
76O.47
1770.04
177O.62
178O.19
178O.76
1790.34
1790.91
18OO.48

lnterpolatlon
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
0.0010
0.0012
0.0014
0.0016
0.0018
0.0020
0.0022
0.0024
0.0026
0.0028
0.0030
0.0032
0.0034
0.0036
0.0038
0.0040
0.0042
0.0044
0.0046
0.0048
0.0050
0.0052
0.0054
0.0056
0.0058
0.0060
0.0062
0.0064
0.0066
0.0068
00070
0.0072
0.0074
0.0076
0.0078
0.0080
0.0082
0.0084
0.0086
0.0088
0.0090
0.0092
0.0094
0.0096
0.0098

00.01
00.02
00.03
00 05
0".06
00.07
0".08
OO.09
00.10
00.11
00.13
OO.14
00.15
OO.16
00.17
OO.18
00.19
00.21
00.22
0".23
OO.24
OO.25
OO.26
00.28
00.29
00.30
00.31
OO.32
00.33
00.34
OO.36
00.37
OO.38
00.39
00.40
00.41
OO.42
00.44
OO.45
On.46
00.47
OO.48
00.49
00.50
OO.52
00.53
00.54
OO.55
OO.56

Multiplesof r
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
IO

3.1416
6.2832
9.4248
12.5664
15.7080
18.8496
21.9911
25.1327
28.2743
31.4159

180
360
5400
720
9000
1,080
1,260"
1,4400
1,620"
1.800

PETROLEUM

l-44

TABLE

1 .Pl-NATURAL

SINES

AND

ENGINEERING

HANDBOOK

COSINES

Natural Stnes at Intervalsof O0 01 or 6"

(498')

Degrees

0.9

01 0

154'1

(60')

Average
Degrees

0 0000

90

00140
00314

00157
00332

0.0175
0 0349

89

00506
0.0680

0.0523

0.0645

0.0488
00663

0.0698

86

0.0000
0.0175

0.0017
00192

00035
00209

00052
00227

00070
0.0244

00087
00262

0.0105

0.0122

0 0279

0 0297

0.0349
0.0523

00366
00541

00384
0.0558

0.0401
00576

00419
0 0593

00436
00610

00454

0.0471

0 0628

Difference
17
17
17
17

0.0698

0.0715

00732

00750

00767

00785

0 0802

00819

00837

00854

0.0872

a5

17

5
6

0.0872
0.1045

0.0889
01063

00906
0.1080

0.0924

0 0958

0 0976

0 0993

0.1011

0.1028

0.1045

01132

01149

01167

0.1219

01236

0.1253

0.1271

01288

01305

01323

0 1340

0 1184
0.1357

01201
01374

0.1219
0.1392

84
83

17

0.1097

0.0941
01115

01461

82

17
17
17

01392

01409

0.1426

0.1444

01478

01495

01513

0 1530

01547

0.1564

81

0.1564

01582

0.1599

0.1616

01633

01650

01668

01685

0 1702

01719

0.1736

80

17

10
11
12

0.1736
01908
02079

0.1754
0.1925
02096

0.1771
01942
02113

0.1788
01959
02130

01805
01977
02147

01822
0.1994
02164

0.1840
0.2011
0 2181

0.1857
02028
0 2198

0.1874
0.2045
0.2215

0.1891
0.2062
0.2233

0.1908
0.2079
0.2250

79
78
77

17
17
17

13

0 2250

0.2267

0.2284

0.2300

02317

0.2334

02351

0.2368

0.2385

0.2402

0.2419

76

17

14

02419

02436

02453

02470

02407

0.2504

0 2521

0 2538

0.2554

0.2571

0.2588

75

17

15
16

0.2588
02756

02605
0.2773

0.2622
0.2790

0.2639

0.2656

0.2672

0.2689

0.2706

02723

0.2740

74

17

0.2807

02823

0.2840

02074

0.2890

0.2907

17

0 2924

0.2940

0 2957

0 2974

0 2990

0.3007

02857
0.3024

0.2756
0.2924

0.3040

0 3057

0.3074

0.3090

73
72

17
17

18

03090

03107

0.3123

0.3140

03156

0.3173

03190

0.3206

0.3223

0.3239

0.3256

71

17

19

0.3256

03272

0.3289

03305

03322

0.3338

03355

0.3371

0.3387

0.3404

0.3420

70

16

20
21

0.3420
0 3584
03746

0.3437
0.3600
0.3762

0.3453
0.3616
0.3778

0 3469
0.3633
0 3795

03486
0.3649

03502
0.3665
0.3827

0.3518
0.3681

0.3535
0 3697

03551
0.3714

0.3567
0.3730

0.3584
03746

69
68

16
16

03811

03843

0.3859

0.3875

0.3891

0.3907

67

16

23
24

0.3907

0.3923

0.3939

0.3955

0.3971

0.3987

16

0.4115

04131

0.4147

04195

04210

0.4067
0.4226

66

04099

04019
04179

0.4051

04083

0.4003
04163

0 4035

0.4067

65

16

25
26

0.4226
04384

04242
0.4399

04258
0.4415

04274
0.4431

0 4289
0.4446

04305
0.4462

0.4321
04478

04337
0.4493

04352
0.4509

0.4368
0.4524

0.4540

64
63

16
16

22

0.4384

27

0 4540

04555

0.4571

0.4586

04602

0.4617

04633

04648

0.4664

0.4679

0 4695

62

16

28
29

04695
0 4848

04710
0.4863

0.4726
0.4879

04741

04756
0.4909

0.4772
0.4924

04787

0.4818
0.4970

0.4848

61

0 4939

0.4802
0 4955

0.4833

0.4894

0.4985

0.5000

60

15
15

30
31

05000
0.5150

0.5015
0.5165

0.5030
0.5180

0.5045
0.5195

0.5060
05210

0.5075
0.5225

0 5090

0.5120
0.5270

0.5135
0.5284

0.5150

59

0.5240

05105
0 5255

0.5299

58

15
15

32

05299

0.5314

0.5329

0.5344

05358

0.5373

0.5388

0.5402

0.5417

0.5432

0.5446

0 5446

0.5461

0.5476

0.5490

0.5505

0.5519

0 5548

0.5563

0.5577

0 5592

34

05592

05606

05621

05635

05650

0.5664

0.5534
0.5678

57
56

15

33

0 5693

0.5707

0.5721

05736

55

14

35
36

05736
0.5878

05750
0.5892

05764
0.5906

0 5779
0.5920

0 5793
0 5934

0.5807
0.5948

05821
0.5962

0.5835
0.5976

0.5850
0.5990

0.5864
0.6004

0.5878
06018

54
53

14
14

37
38

06018
06157

06032
06170

0.6046
06184

0.6060
06198

06074
06211

06088
06225

0.6101
0 6239

0.6115
0.6252

0.6129
0.6266

0.6143
0.6280

0.6157
0.6293

52
51

14
14

15

39

06293

06307

0.6320

0.6334

06347

0.6361

0.6374

0.6388

0.6401

0.6414

0.6428

50

13

40
41

06428
0.6561

06441
0.6574

0.6455
0.6587

0.6468

06481

0.6494

0.6508

0.6521
0.8652

0.6534

0.6547

49
48

13

06665

0 6678

42

0.6691

0.6704

06717

0.6600
0.6730

0.6561
06691

06743

06756

0.6769

0.6782

0.6794

0 6807

0.6820

47

13

43
44

0 6820

0.6833

06845

06858

06871

06884

0.6896

0.6909

06921

0 6934

0.6947

46

13

0.6947

0.6959

06972

0 6984

0 6997

0 7009

0.7022

0.7034

0.7046

0.7059

07071

45

12

45

0 7071

07083

07096

07108

0 7120

0.7133

0.7145

0.7157

0.7169

0 7181

07193

44

12

46

07193

07206

07218

07230

07242

07254

0.7266

0 7278

0 7290

07314

43

12

47

07314

0.7325

07337

0 7349

07361

07373

07385

0 7396

0 7408

0 7302
0 7420

07431

42

12

48

0 7431

0.7443

07455

07466

07478

0 7490

0 7501

0.7513

0 7524

0 7536

07547

41

12

49

07547

0.7559

07570

07581

0 7593

07604

0.7615

0.7627

0 7638

0 7649

0 7660

40

11

8
=;5:

(46')

06613

06626

0.6639

01

0.0

(6)

(0')

Natural Comes

'For IO' mtervals.see Table 1 24

13

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS & SYSTEMS

TABLE
Natural Smes

1.21-NATURAL

SINES

& MEASURES

AND

COSINES

l-45

(continued)

at Intervals 01 O" 01 or 6"

(i3)

Degrees

50
51

OF WEIGHTS

07660
07771

0 7672
0 7782

0.7683
07793

0 7694
07804

04

"6

(24)
0.7705
0 7615

(36')
07716
0 7826

0.7727
07837

(2)

01.0
(i88')

07738
07848

0 7749
0 7859

Wl
0.7760
0.7869

07771
0.7880

Average
Degrees

Difference

39
38

11
11

52

07880

0 7891

0.7902

07912

0 7923

0 7934

0 7944

0 7955

0 7965

0.7976

0.7986

53

0 7986

0 7997

0.8007

0 8018

0 8028

0 8049

0 8059

08070

0.8080

0.8090

10

11

54

0 8090

08100

08111

0.8121

0.8131

0 8039
0 8141

08151

08161

08171

0.8181

0.8192

35

10

55
56

0 8192
08290

0 8202
08300

0.8211
0.8310

08221
0.8320

0.8231
0 8329

0 8241
08339

08251
08348

08261
0.8358

0 8271
08368

0.8281
08377

0.8290
0.8387

34
33

10
10

57

0.8387

0.8396

0.8406

0.8415

0.8425

08434

08443

0.8453

08462

08471

0.8480

32

58
59

08480

0 8490

08517
0.8607

0 8526
08616

08536
08625

08563
0.8652

31

0.8634

08554
08643

0.8572

0.8581

0.8508
0.8599

08545

08572

0.8499
0.8590

0.8660

30

60
61

08660
0.8746

0 8669

08678

0 8695

0 8704

08712

08721

0 8729

08738

0.8746

29

0.8755

08763

08686
0.8771

0.8780

0.8788

0 8796

0.8805

08813

0.8821

0.8829

28

62

0.8830
08918

0.8846
08926

0.8854

0.8862

0.8670

0.8678

0.8902

0 8942

0 8949

0 8957

0 8973

0.8980

0.8910
0.8988

27

0 8934

0.8886
08965

0 8894

63

0.8829
08910

64

0 8988

0.8996

0.9003

0.9011

09018

0 9026

0 9033

0.9041

0 9048

0.9056

0.9063

25

65
66

0 9063
0.9135

0.9070
0.9143

0.9078
0.9150

0 9085
0.9157

0 9092
0.9164

09100
0.9171

0.9107
0.9178

09114

09121

0.9135

24

0.9184

09191

09128
0.9198

0.9205

23

7
7

67

0.9205

0.9212

0.9219

a.9239

0.9245

0 9252

0 9259

0.9265

0.9272

22

0.9272

0.9278

0.9285

0.9225
0.9291

0.9232

68

0.9298

0.9304

0.9311

0.9317

09323

0.9330

0.9336

21

69

0 9336

0.9342

0.9348

0.9354

0.9361

0 9367

0 9373

0.9379

0 9385

0.9391

0.9397

20

70
71

0.9397
0.9455

0.9403
09461

0.9409
0.9466

0.9415
0.9472

0.9421

0.9426
0.9483

0.9432
0 9489

0.9438
0.9494

09444

0.9449
0.9505

0.9455
0.9511

19
18

6
6

0.9478

0.9500

26

72

0.9511

0.9521
0.9573

0.9532

0.9537

0.9542

0.9588

0.9593

09603

0.9563
0.9613

0.9583

0.9558
0.9608

17

0.9578

0 9548
0.9598

0 9553

0.9563

09516
0.9568

0.9527

73

16

74

0.9613

0.9617

0.9622

0.9627

0.9632

0.9636

09641

0 9646

0 9650

0.9655

0.9659

15

75

0.9659
0.9703

0.9664

0.9668

0.9673

0.9677

0 9681

0 9686

0 9690

0 9694

0.9699

0.9703

14

0 9707

0.9711

09715

0 9720

0 9724

0.9728

09751

0.9755

0.9759

0.9763

09767

0.9736
0.9774

0.9744

0 9748

0.9732
09770

0.9740

0.9744

0.9778

0.9781

13
12

4
4

78

0.9781

0 9785

0.9789

0.9792

0.9796

0.9799

0.9803

0.9806

09810

0.9813

0.9816

11

79

0.9816

0.9820

0 9823

0.9826

0.9829

0.9833

0 9836

0.9839

0.9842

0.9845

0.9848

10

80
81

0.9848
0 9877

0.9854

0.9857

0.9860

0.9863

0 9866

0.9869

0.9874

0.9877

0.9903

0 9882
0 9907

0 9885
0.9910

0.9888
09912

0 9890
09914

0.9893
0.9917

0.9895
0.9919

09871
0.9898

82

0.9851
0 9880
0 9905

09921

0.9900
0.9923

0 9903
0.9925

3
2

83

0 9925

0 9928

0 9930

0 9932

0 9934

0 9936

0.9938

0.9940

0.9942

0.9943

0.9945

84

0.9945

0 9947

0 9949

09951

0.9952

0.9954

0.9956

0.9957

0.9959

0.9960

0 9962

85
86

0.9962
0 9976

0 9963
0 9977

0 9965
0 9978

0.9966
0 9979

0.9968
0 9980

0.9969
09981

0.9971
0 9982

0.9972
0.9983

0.9973
0 9984

0.9974
0 9985

0.9976
0 9986

87

0 9986

0 9987

0 9988

0.9989

0 9990

0 9990

0.9991

0.9992

0 9993

0.9993

0 9994

88

0 9995

0 9995

0 9996

0 9996

0 9997

0 9997

0.9997

0 9999

0 9999

0 9999

0 9999

10000

10000

10000

0.9998
10000

0.9998

89

0.9994
0 9998

10000

90

1.0000

,,"%,

(6 )

76
77

09
=(54 )

01

03
(18')

Natural

'For IO intervals
see Table 1 24

2
4
3
2

1
1

0.9998

10000

:,
0

l-46

PETROLEUM

TABLE 1.22-NATURAL
Natural Tangents

HANDBOOK

TANGENTS AND COTANGENTS

at Intervalsof On.1 or 6"

0.0
Degrees

ENGINEERING

".6

=(O')

(;8')

(361

0.7

0.9

"1 0

(42')

(54')

6301

0.0314

0 0349

90
89
88

0.0489
0.0664

0.0507
0.0682

0.0524
0 0699

07
86

17
18
18

0.0087
00262

00105
0.0279

0.0122

0 0140

0.0192

0.0070
00244

0.0297

0 0349
00524

00367
0.0542

0.0384
0 0559

0.0402
0.0577

0.0419
0.0594

0.0437
00612

00454
00629

0.0472
0.0647

00175

17
17

00175

0.0000
0.0052
0.0227

0.0017

Average
Difference

0.0157
0.0332

00035
0.0209

0 0000

Degrees

0 0699

0.0717

0 0734

0.0752

0.0769

00787

00805

0.0822

0 0840

00857

0.0675

65

00875

0.0892

00910

0.0928

0.0945

00963

00981

0.0998

0.1016

0.1033

01051

64

18

6
7
a

0 1051

01069

0 1086

0.1104

0.1122

0.1139

0 1228
01405

0.1246
0.1423

01263
01441

0.1281
01459

0.1299
0.1477

0.1317
01495

0.1157
01334
01512

0.1175
0.1352
0.1530

0.1192
0.1370
01548

0.1210
0.1388

63
82

0 1566

01228
0.1405
0.1584

18
18
18

0 1584

0.1602

0.1620

01638

0.1655

01673

0 1691

0.1709

0.1727

01745

01763

80

18

10

01763

0.1761

01799

01817

0.1835

01853

0.1871

01690

0.1908

0.1926

01944

79

18

11
12
13
14

01944
02126

0.1962
02144

0.1996
0.2180
0.2364

0.2016
0.2199
0.2382

02035
0.2217
02401

02053
02235
02419

0.2089
0.2272

0.2107
0.2290

0.2438

0.2456

0.2475

0.2126
02309
0 2493

78
77
76

18
18

0 2493

02327
02512

01980
02162
02345

0.2071
0.2254

0 2309

0.2530

0 2549

02566

02586

0.2605

02623

0.2642

0.2661

0 2679

75

19
19

81

15

0 2679

0 2698

0.2717

02736

0.2754

02773

0 2792

0.2811

0.2630

0.2849

0.2867

74

19

16
17
18

02867

0 2905
0.3096
03268

0 2924

0.2943

0 2962

03057
0 3249

0.2886
0.3076
0.3269

03115
0 3307

0.3134
03327

03153
03346

0.2981
03172

0 3000
0 3191

0.3019
0.3211

0.3038
0.3230

03057
03249

73
72

19
19

0.3365

03385

0.3404

0.3424

0.3443

71

19

19

03443

0.3463

0.3462

0 3502

03522

03541

0.3561

0.3561

03600

03620

0.3640

70

20

0.3759
0.3959

0 3779

0.3799

0.3819

0 3839

69

20

0.4163

0.3979
0.4163

0.4000
0.4204

0.4020
0.4224

0.4040
04245

68
67

20
21

20

03640

0 3659

0 3679

0 3699

0.3719

03739

21
22
23

0 3839
04040
04245

0.3859
0.4061
04265

0 3879
04061
0.4266

0 3099
04101
04307

0.3919
0.4122

0 3939
04142

04327

04348

0.4369

0.4390

0.4411

0.4431

04452

66

21

24

04452

04473

0.4494

04515

04536

04557

0.4578

0.4599

0.4621

0.4642

04663

65

21

25

04663

04664

04706

0.4727

0.4746

04770

04791

0.4813

0.4834

0.4877

64

21

26
27

04877
0 5095
0.5317

0 4899
05117

04921
0.5139

0 4942
0.5161

0 4964
05184

0 4986
05206

05008
0.5228

0.5029

0.5051
0.5272

04856
05073

63
62

22
22

05340

0.5362

0 5364

05407

05430

05452

0.5475

0.5543

05566

0.5589

0 5612

05635

05658

05681

0.5704

30
31

0.5774

0.5820

0.5844

0.6009

05797
06032

06056

0 6080

0.5067
06104

0 5890
06128

32
33
34

0.6249
0.6494

06273
0.6519

0.6297
06544

0 6322
0 6569

06346
0 6594

06371
06619

05914
06152
0.6395

0.5938
0.6176
0.6420

0.6200
0.6445

0 6644

0.6745

06771

0.6796

0.6822

0.6847

06873

0 6899

0.6669
0.6924

0.6694
0.6950

35
36

0.7002
0.7265

07028
07292

07054
07319

07080
0 7346

0.7107

07133
0 7400

07159
0.7427

0.7186
0.7454

37
38
39

0.7536
0.7813

07563
07841

07618
0.7898
0.8185

0.7983

0.7729
08012

08214

07673
0 7954
08243

07701

08127

0 7590
0 7869
08156

0.7646

0 8098

08273

0.8302

40
41

06391
0.6693

08421

08451

0.8481

08511

08541

0.8571

0.8601

08724

42

0 9004

08754
0.9067

08785
0.9099

08816
09131

08847
09163

0.8678
0.9195

0 8910
0.9228

43
44

0 9325
0 9657

09391
0 9725

0.9424
0.9759

0 9457
0 9793

0.9490
0 9827

09523
0.9661

0 9556
0.9896

'.6

(2,

0.4

0.3

(24')

(18)

28
29

0 9036
0.9358
09691

".8
(48')

07
142')

0.7373

0 7926

136)

0.5250

0.5295

0 5095
05317

0.5498
0.5727

05520

05543

61

23

05750

05774

60

23

0.5961

05985
06224

06009
06249
0.6494

59
58

24
24

57

25

06745

56
55

25
26

54
53
52

26
27

0 6469
06720
06976

07002

0.7212
0.7481

0.7239
0.7508

07265
07536

0.7757

07785
0.8069
08361

07813
0 8098

0.8662

0.8693

08972
0.9293
0 9623
0 9965

0.8040
0.8332
08632
0.8941

0.9260
0.9590
0.9930

06391

intervals

see Table I 24

28
28
29
30

0 9004
0 9325

49
46
47

0 9657
10000

46
45

33
34

(6)
NaturalCotangents

'For 10

51
50

31
32

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS

& SYSTEMS

OF WEIGHTS

TABLE 1.22-NATURAL
Natural Tanaenls

al Intervalsof 0" 1 0' 6

00
=(O 1

02
16 I

& MEASURES

TANGENTS AND

I-47

COTANGENTS

(continued)

'
07

"3

I12 /

(181

(42 I

45

10000

10035

1.0070

10105

1.0141

10176

46
47

10355
10724

10392
10761

1.0428
1.0799

10464
10837

1.0501
10875

10538
10913

01 0

(48 )

(54 )

(60)

10212
10575
10951

1.0247
10612
1.0990

1.0283
10649
11028

1.2261

1.0319
10686
1 1067

1.0355
1.0724
1.1106

1 1423

I 1463

11833

1 1875

Degrees

Average
Difference

44
43
42

35
37
38

1 1504

41

1.1918

40

40
41

12305
12753

1.2349
12799

39
38

40

11106

1 1145

1.1184

1 1224

1 1263

1 1303

1 1343

49

11504

1 1544

1.1585

11626

11667

1 1708

11750

1.1383
1.1792

50
51
52

11918

1.1960

1.2002

12393
1.2846

12437
1.2892

12045
12482
1.2938

1.208R
1.2527

1.2131

12349
1.2799

12174
12617

1.2218
1.2662

12985

12572
13032

13079

1.3127

12708
13175

1.3222

13270

37

43
45
47

53

1.3270

1.3319

1.3367

54

1.3764

13814

1.3865

13416
13916

13465
13968

14019

13564
14071

1.3613
1.4124

13663
14176

13713
14229

1.3764
1.4281

36
35

49
52

55
56
57

14281
14826
1.5399

14335
14882
15458

1.4388
14938
1.5517

14442
14994
1.5577

1.5051
15637

1.4659
15224

14715
15282

14770
1.5340

1.4826
15399

34
33

55
57

15697

1.4605
1.5166
1.5757

15818

15880

15941

16003

32

60

58
59

1.6003
1.6643

16066
16709

1.6128
1.6775

16191
16842

16255
1.6909

16319
16977

1.6383
1.7045

1.6447
1.7113

16512
17182

1.6577
17251

16643
17321

31
30

64
67

60
61
62

1732

1739
1811

1746

1842
1.921

1775
1.849

1.782
1.857

1789
1865

1797
1873

1804
1.881

7
a

1889

1819
1.897

1753
1827

1767

1804
1881

63

1 963

1 971

1980

64

2.050

2.059

2069

65
66
ti7

2.145
2 246

2.154
2.257

2 164
2267

68
69

2.356
2 475
2 605

1.4496

1.3514
14550
1.5108

1905

1.760
1.834
1.913

1988
2078

1.997
2.087

2006

2174
2278
2391

2.184

2194

2.289
2.402

2.300
2414

2513

2.539

2.367

2379

2.488
2.619

2.500
2 633

2646

2.526
2.660

2097

2.675

1.929

1937

1946

1.954

1.963

29
28
27

2.014
2.106

2023
2.116

2 032
2 125

2.041
2.135

2.050
2.145

26
25

9
9

2204
2.311

2.215
2.322

2225
2 333

2236
2.344

2.246

24
23

10
11

2.426

2.438

2450

22

12

2.552
2.689

2.565
2.703

2578
2 718

2.463
2592

2356
2475
2605
2747

21
20

13
14

2.840
3.006

2.856
3.024

2.872

2.888

19
16

16
17

3.211

3.060
3.251

2.904
3.078

3.191

17
16

19
22

2 733

2747

2 762

2 778

2793

2808

2.824

2.904
3078
3271

2921
3.096
3.291

2937
3.115
3312

2.954

2.971

72
73

3133
3333

3152
3354

2.989
3.172
3.376

3 398

3420

3 042
3 230
3 442

3465

3 271
3487

74

3.487

3.511

3534

3558

3582

3606

3.630

3.655

3 681

3 706

3.732

15

24

75

3.732

3.758

3.785

3.812

3839

3.867

4.041

4.071

4102

4.331

4.437
4.829

4.548
4959

4586
5.005

4 625
5050

4.665
5.097

4.705

78

4402
4.787

13
12
11

28
32

4.366
4.745

4 165
4.511
4915

3.981
4.297

4331
4705

4 134
4.474
4.872

3952
4 264

14

4.011

3.923
4.230

4.011

76
77

3.895
4.198

79

5.145

5.193

5.242

5292

5.343

5396

5.449

5.503

5 558

5.614

5 671

80

5 671

5.730

5 789

5.850

5 912

5 976

6.107

6174

6.243

6.314

81
82
83

6.314
7.115
8.144

6.386
7.207
8.264

6.460

6.535
7396
a513

6612
7495
8.643

6 691

6.041
6.772

6.855

6 940

7.026

7115

7 596
8777

7.700
8.915

7806
9.058

7916
9205

8.028

8.144
9.514

84

9 514

9.677

70
71

7300
8386
9 845

5.145

1002

10.20

10.39

10.58

1078

1099

9.357
11.20

11.43

85

11.43

11.66

11.91

12.16

1243

12 71

13.00

13.30

1362

13.95

1430

86
87

1430
19 0.3

14.67
19.74

1506
2045

15.46
21 20

15.90
22 02

1635
2290

16.83
2386

17.34
2490

1789
2603

18.46
2727

1908
2864

88

2864

30.14

31 82

33.69

3580

52.08

89

57.29

63.66

71 62

81 a5

95 49

573.0

5729
m

01

0.0

90

38.19
1146

40.92
143.2

4407
191.0

4774
2865

oc

0.9

0.8

=(54')

(48')

(2,

0.2

(12)

(6)

(0)
NaturalCotanoents

10
9
a
7
6
5

37
44
53

PETROLEUM

l-48

TABLE

0.0
Degrees

1.23-NATURAL

SECANTS

".6

0.2

(361

=(O)

(61,

(12)

10000

1 0000

10000

10000

10000

10000

10002

10002

1.0002

1.0003

1.0003

1.0003

10006
10014

10007
1.0015

10007
1.0016

1.0008
1.0017

10009
1.0018

10010
10019

AND

ENGINEERING

HANDBOOK

COSECANTS

0.7

".8

(42')

(48')

9
(54')

01 0

(60I
10000

Average
Degrees

10001
10004

1.0001

10001

10001

10002

90
89

10004

10006

88

10011

1.0005
1.0012

1.0006

10010

1.0013

10020

10021

1.0022

10023

10014
10024

87
86

Difference

10024

10026

10027

1.0028

10030

10031

10032

10034

10035

10037

10038

85

10038

1.0040

10041

1.0043

10045

10046

10048

10050

04

10057

10059

1.0061

10063

10065

10067

10075

83

1.0075
1 0098
1.0125

10077
10101
10127

10079
10103

1.0082
1.0106

10086
10111

10089
10114

10093
1.0119

10096
10122

10098
10125

82
81

10130

10133

10084
1.0108
1.0136

10069
1.0091
1.0116

10053
10073

10055

1.0055

10051
1.0071

10139

10142

1.0145

1.0148

10151

10154

80

10

1.0154

1.0157

1.0161

1.0164

10167

1.0170

10174

10177

10180

10184

10187

79

11

1.0187

1.0191

1.0194

1.0198

10201

1.0205

1.0212

10216

1.0223
1.0263

1.0227
1.0267

1.0231
10271

1.0235
10276

10239
1.0280

1.0243
1.0284

10251
10293

10255
1.0297

10220
1.0259

10223

12
13

10209
10247
10288

10263
10306

78
77
76

14

10306

1.0311

10315

10320

10324

1.0329

10334

1.0338

10343

10348

10353

75

15

10353

10358

10363

1.0367

10372

10377

10382

1.0393

10398

10403

74

16

10403

1.0408

10413

1.0419

10424

1.0429

17
18

10457
10515

1.0463
10521

1.0468
10527

1.0474

10480
10539

1.0485
1.0545

1.0446
1.0503

73
72

5
6

1.0557

1.0564

1.0451
10509
1.0570

10457
10515
10576

71

19

10576

1.0583

10589

1.0533
1.0595

1.0435
10491
10551

1.0388
1.0440
1.0497

10602

10608

10615

1.0622

1.0628

1.0635

10642

70

6
7

20
21
22

10642

1.0649

10655

1.0662

10669

10676

10683

1.0690

1.0697

1.0704

10711

69

10711

10719
10793
1.0872

1 0726
10801
1 0880

1.0733
10808

10740
10816
10896

1.0748
10824

1.0755
10832

1.0763
10840

1.0770
1.0848

10785
10864

68
67

7
8

10904

10913

1.0921

1.0929

1.0778
1.0856
1.0938

10946

66

8
9

10302

23

t 0785
10864

24

10946

1.0955

1.0963

10972

10981

1.0989

10998

1.1007

1.1016

1.1025

1 1034

65

25

1 1034

1.1043

1.1052

1.1061

1 1070

1.1079

1 1089

1.1098

1.1107

1.1117

1 1126

64

26
27
28

1 1126
11223
1 1326

11136
11233
1 1336

1.1145
1.1243
1.1347

1.1155
1.1253
1.1357

1 1164
11264
1.1368

1.1174
1 1274
11379

11184
1 1284

1 1194
1.1294

1 .1213
1 .I315

1 1223
1 1326

63
62

1 1390

1.1401

.1203
.I305
.1412

1 .1423

1 1434

61

10
10
11

29

1 1434

1 1445

1.1456

1 1467

1.1478

1 1490

1 1501

1.1512

1524

1 1535

11547

60

11

30

11547

11559

1.1570

1.1582

11594

11606

1.1630

1 1642

1 1679
11805
1 1937

1.1691
1.1818
1.1951

11703
11831
1 1964

1.1716
1.1844
1.1978

1 1728
1 1857
1 1992

1.1753
1.1883

1766
1897

59
58
57

12

1.1666
1.1792
1.1924

1 1654
1 1779
1 .1910

1 1666

31
32
33

1 1618
1.1741
1 1870
12006

12020

34

1.2062

12076

1.2091

12105

1.2120

12134

12149

1.2163

.2034
2178

1 2048
1 2193

35

1.2208

12223

12238

1.2253

1.2283

12299

1.2314

1.2329

12345

36
37
38

1.2361
12521
12690

1.2376
1.2538
12708

12392
12554
1.2725

1.2408

12268
12424

12440

12489

12588
12760

12605
12778

12456
12622

12472

12571
1.2742

1.2639

12505
12673

12796

1.2849

39

1.2868

1.2886

1.2904

12923

1.2941

1.2960

1.2978

1.2813
12997

1.2656
1.2831
13016

13035

40
41

1.3054
13250

1.3073
13270

1.3093
13291

13112
13311

1.3131
13331

1.3151
1.3352

1.3171
13373

13456
13673
1 3902

1.3478

1.3499
1.3718
13949

13520
13741
13972

13542

1.3563

13629

1.3230
13435
13651

13763
13996

1.3786
14020

1.3585
13809
14044

1.3190
13393
13607

1.3210
1.3414

42

13832
1.4069

13855
1.4093

13878
14118

43
44

13696
13925
0.9
=(54

a.0
)

(48')

1.0888

07

(42)

06
(36 I

a.5
(30')

04
(24')

03
(18')

02

(12)

1 1792
1 1924

13
13
14

12062

56

12208

55

15

12361
12521

54

1 2690

53
52

15
16
17

12868
13054

51
50

18
19

13250
13456

49
48
47

20
21

46
45

23
24

1.3673
13902
14142
00
(0')

Natural Cotanoents

22

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS & SYSTEMS

TABLE 1.23-NATURAL

OF WEIGHTS

I-49

& MEASURES

SECANTS AND COSECANTS (continued)

Natural Secants at Intervalsof OO.1 or 6"

"0
Deqrees

=10 )

0 1
(6 )

02

I12 1

"3

(181

04
(24 I

05
(30 I

00

07

(48 1

09

"10

(601

Deqrees

(36 J

(42 )

1.4293
1.4554

1.4318

14344

1.4370

1 4396

44

1.4561

1.4608
1.4867

1.4663
1.4945
1.5243

43
42
41

(54 I

45

14142

1.4167

14192

14217

14242

14267

46
47
48

1.4396
14663
14945

1.4422

1.4440

1.4474

1.4690
1.4974

1.4718
15003

1.4746

14501
14774

14527
1.4802

1.5032

15062

15092

1.4830
15121

14659
1.5151

1.5182

14635
14916
1.5212

1.5461

Average
Difference
25
27
28
30

49

15243

1.5273

1.5304

1.5335

15366

15398

1.5429

15493

1.5525

15557

40

31

50

15557

1.5590

1.5622

1.5655

15721

51
52

15890
16243

1.5925
16279

1.5959
16316

1.5994
16353

1.5686
1.6029
16390

1.5755
1.6099

1.5788
1.6135

1.5822
1.6171

1.6464

1.6540

1.5890
1.6243
16616

39
38
37

33
35
37

53

16616

16655

16694

1.6733

1.6772

1.6812

16852

1.6502
16892

15856
1.6207
1.6578

1.7013

36

17013

17054

1 7095

1.7137

1.7179

17221

17263

17305

1.6932
1.7348

1.6972

54

1.7391

1.7434

35

40
42

55

17434

1.7476

1.7522

1.7566

17610

17655

56
57

17883
18361

1.7929
18410

1.7976
1.9460

1.8023
1.8510

18070
1.8561

18118
1.8612

1.7700
18166
18663

1.7745
1.6214
18714

17791
18263
18766

1.7637
1.8312
18618

17863
1.6361
18871

34
33
32

45
48
51

58

18871

1.8924

18977

1.9031

19064

19139

1.9194

19249

19304

1.9416

31

54

59

19416

1.9473

1 9530

19587

19645

19703

1.9762

1.9821

19880

1.9360
1.9940

20000

30

58

60

2 000

2006

2.012

2016

2025

2031

2037

2.043

2.056

2.063

29

61
62

2063
2 130

2069
2.137

2.076
2.144

2082
2.151

2096
2166
2.241

2.103
2.173

2 109
2.180

2.050
2.116
2.188

2 123
2 195

2.130
2.203

28
27

6
7
7

16064
16427

63

2 203

2.210

2.218

2.226

2089
2 158
2233

2249

2.257

2.265

2 273

2.261

26

64

2.261

2.289

2.298

2306

2314

2323

2331

2.340

2.349

2.357

2.366

25

65
66
67

2366
2459
2 559

2375
2468
2570

2.364
2.478
2.581

2 393
2488
2591

2402
2498
2602

2.411

2.421

2.449

2 518
2.624

2.430
2 528
2.635

2439

2.508
2.613

2.536
2.647

2 549
2.658

2.459
2.559
2.669

24
23
22

9
10
11

68

2669

2661

2693

2 705

2716

2.729

2.741

2 753

2.765

2.778

2.790

21

12

69

2 790

2.603

2.816

2.829

2842

2.855

2669

2.682

2.896

2.910

2.924

20

13

70
71
72

2924
3072

2938
3087

2.952

2967
3 119

2 981
3135

2.996
3152

3.011
3.168

3.041
3.202

3.056
3.219

3.072
3.236

19
18

15
16

3 236

3.401

3.420

17

16

3420
3 628

3.254
3.440

3.382

73
74

3.564

3.606

16
15

21
24

75
76
77

3.864
4134

27

4445

4163
4.479

78
79

4 810
5 241

80

3.289

3307

3.326

3.344

3.026
3.185
3.363

3.460
3 673

3.480
3 695

3500
3 719

3521
3742

3542

3.563

3.766

3.790

3.814

3.839

3.628
3.864

3.915
4 192

3.941
4222

3967
4253

3994
4284

4.021
4315

4.049
4347

4.077
4.379

4.105
4.412

'4.134
4.445

14
13

4.514

4549

4584

4.620

4.657

4.694

4.732

4.771

4.610

12

36

4.850
5.288

4 890
5337

4931
5386

4973
5436

5016
5487

5059
5540

5.103
5.593

5.148
5647

5.194
5.702

5.241

11

5.759

10

43
52

5759

5.816

5875

5935

5996

81

6 392
7 185

6.464
7.276

6.537
7 368

6611
7.463

6687
7561

6.059
6765
7661

6.123
6.845
7 764

6.188
6.927
7670

6255
7.011
7.979

6.323
7.097
8091

6.392
7.185
8.206

::
84

8 206
9567

a.324
9.728

8 446
9 895

8.834
1043

8.971
10.63

9.113

9 259
11 03

9.411
11.25

9.567
1147

85
66

11.47
14.34

3650
3.889

11.71
14.70

3.103
3.271

11 95
15.09

8571
1007

8 700
1025

12.20
1550

1247

1275
1636
2293

13.03
16.86

13.34
17.37

1365
1791

1399
18.49

1434
19.11

2368

24.92

2729

3820
114 6

4093
143.2

26.05
47.75

28.65
57.30
m

a7
88

1911
2865

19.77
30.16

20 47
31 84

21 23
33 71

1593
22 04
35 81

89

5730

6366

71 62

81 85

95 49

90

09
=154')

04
124'1

10.83

4408
191.0

2865

5209
573.0

02
112'1
Natural Cotangents

'For 10' intervals

see Table 1 24

31

PETROLEUM

I-50

TABLE

1.24-TRIGONOMETRIC

Sines
Degrees

FUNCTIONS(ATINTERVALS

Cosines

Tangents

ENGINEERING

HANDBOOK

OF 10')'
Cotangents

Radians

Natural

Log"

Natural

Log'*

Natural

Log"

Natural
~_____

1 .oooo

0.0000

Log'*

1.0000

0.0000

7.400637 343po77
7.7648
171.89
7.9409
114.59
85.940
8.0658
68.750
8.1627

2.5:63
2.2352
2.0591
1.9342
1.8373

1.5708
1.5679
1.5650
1.5621
1.5592
1.5563

900
900
900
90"
900
90"

00
50
40'
30'
20'
10'

00
00
00
00
00
00

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.0000
0.0029
0.0058
0.0087
0.0116
0.0145

0.0000
0.0029
0.0058
0.0087
0.0116
0.0145

03
7.4637
7.7648
7.9408
8.0658
8.1627

1 .oooo

0.0000

1.0000
0.9999
0.9999

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

0.0000
0.0029
0.0058
0.0087
0.0116
0.0145

10
10
10
10
1"
IO

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.0175
0.0204
0.0233
0.0262
0.0291
0.0320

0.0175
0.0204
0.0233
0.0262
0.0291
0.0320

8.2419
8.3088
8.3668
8.4179
8.4637
8.5050

0.9998
0.9998
0.9997
0.9997
0.9996
0.9995

9.9999
9.9999
9.9999
9.9999
9.9998
9.9998

0.0175
0.0204
0.0233
0.0262
0.0291
0.0320

8.2419
8.3089
8.3669
8.4181
8.4638
8.5053

57.290
49.104
42.964
38.188
34.368
31.242

1.7581
1.6911
1.6331
1.5819
1.5362
1.4947

1.5533
1.5504
1.5475
1.5446
1.5417
1.5388

89"
89O
89"
890
890
89O

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

20
20
20
29
20
2"

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.0349
0.0378
0.0407
0.0436
0.0465
0.0495

0.0349
0.0378
0.0407
0.0436
0.0465
0.0494

8.5428
8.5776
8.6097
8.6397
8.6677
8.6940

0.9994
0.9993
0.9992
0.9990
0.9989
0.9988

9.9997
9.9997
9.9996
9.9996
9.9995
9.9995

0.0349
0.0378
0.0407
0.0437
0.0466
0.0495

8.5431
8.5779
8.6101
8.6401
8.6682
8.6945

28.636
26.432
24.542
22.904
21.470
20.206

1.4569
1.4221
13899
1.3599
1.3318
1.3055

1.5359
1.5330
1.5301
1.5272
1.5243
1.5213

880
880
88O
880
880
880

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

3"
30
3"
30
3"
3"

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.0524
0.0553
0.0582
0.0611
0.0640
0.0669

0.0523
0.0552
0.0581
0.0610
0.0640
0.0669

8.7188
8.7423
8.7645
8.7857
8.8059
8.8251

0.9986
0.9985
0.9983
09981
0.9980
0.9978

9.9994
9 9993
9.9993
9 9992
9.9991
9.9990

0.0524
0.0553
0.0582
0.0612
0.0641
0.0670

8.7194
8.7429
8.7652
8.7865
8.8067
8.8261

19.081
18075
17.169
16350
15.605
14.924

1.2806
12571
1.2348
12135
1.1933
1.1739

1.5184
1.5155
1.5126
1.5097
1.5068
1.5039

87"
870
870
870
870
87O

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

40
40
40
40
40
40

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.0698
0.0727
0.0756
0.0785
0.0814
0.0844

0.0698
0.0727
0.0756
0.0785
0.0814
0.0843

8.8436
8.8613
8.8783
8.8946
8.9104
8.9256

0.9976
0.9974
0.9971
0.9969
0.9967
0.9964

9.9989
9.9989
9.9988
9.9987
9.9986
9.9985

0.0699
0.0729
0.0758
0.0787
0.0816
0.0846

8.8446
8.8624
8.8795
8.8960
8.9118
8.9272

14.301
13.727
13.197
12.706
12251
11.826

1.1554
1.1376
1.1205
1.1040
1.0882
1.0728

1.5010
1.4981
1.4952
1.4923
1.4893
1.4864

860
86"
860
86O
860
860

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

50
5"
50
50
50
50

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.0873
0.0902
0.0931
0.0960
0.0989
0.1018

0.0872
0.0901
0.0929
0.0958
0.0987
0.1016

8.9403
8.9545
8.9682
8.9816
8.9945
9.0070

0.9962
0.9959
0.9957
0.9954
0.9951
0.9948

9.9983
9.9982
9.9981
9.9980
9.9979
9.9977

0.0875
0.0904
0.0934
0.0963
0.0992
0.1022

8.9420
8.9563
8.9701
8.9836
8.9966
9.0093

11.430
11.059
10.712
10.385
10078
9.7882

1.0580
1.0437
1.0299
1.0164
1.0034
0.9907

1.4835
1.4806
1.4777
1.4748
1.4719
1.4690

850
85O
850
85'
85O
850

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

6O
6O
6"
6'
6"
6O

00'
IO'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.1047
0.1076
0.1105
0.1134
0.1164
0.1193

0.1045
0.1074
0.1103
0.1132
0.1161
0.1190

9.0192
9.0311
9.0426
9.0539
9.0648
9.0755

0.9945
0.9942
0.9939
0.9936
0.9932
0.9929

9.9976
9.9975
9.9973
9.9972
9.9971
9.9969

0.1051
0.1080
0.1110
0.1139
0.1169
0.1198

9.0216
9.0336
9.0453
9.0567
9.0678
9.0786

9.5144
9.2553
9.0098
8.7769
8.5555
8.3450

0.9784
0.9664
0.9547
0 9433
0.9322
0.9214

1.4661
1.4632
1.4603
1.4574
1.4544
1.4515

840
84O
84"
840
840
84'

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

70
70
70
70
70
70

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.1222
0.1251
0.1280
0.1309
0.1338
0.1367

0.1219
0.1248
0.1276
0.1305
0.1334
0.1363

9.0859
9.0961
9.1060
9.1157
9.1252
9 1345

0.9925
0.9922
0.9918
0.9914
0.9911
0.9907

9.9968
9.9966
9.9964
9.9963
9.9961
9.9959

0.1228
0.1257
0.1287
0.1317
0.1346
0.1376

9.0891
9.0995
9.1096
9.1194
9.1291
9.1385

8.1443
7.9530
7.7704
7.5958
7.4287
7.2687

0.9109
0.9005
0.8904
0.8806
08709
0.8615

1.4486
1.4457
1.4428
1.4399
1.4370
1.4341

83O
83O
830
83"
83O
830

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

8"
8O
8"
8O
80
8O

00'
IO'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.1396
0.1425
0.1454
01484
0.1513
0.1542

0.1392
0.1421
0.1449
0.1478
0.1507
0.1536

9.1436
9.1525
9.1612
9.1697
9.1781
91863

0 9903
0.9899
0.9894
0.9890
0.9886
09881

9.9958
9.9956
9.9954
9.9952
9.9950
9 9948

0.1405
0.1435
0.1465
0.1495
0.1524
0.1554

9.1478
9.1569
9.1658
9.1745
9.1831
9.1915

7.1154
6.9682
6.8269
66912
6.5606
64348

0.8522
08431
08342
08255
0.8169
08085

1.4312
1.4283
1.4254
1.4224
1.4195
1.4166

820
82O
82"
82O
820
820

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

90 00'
9" 10'
9'120'
90 30'
90 40'
90 50'

01571
0.1600
0.1629
0.1658
0.1687
0.1716

0.1564
0.1593
0.1622
0.1650
0.1679
0.1708

91943
9.2022
9.2100
92176
9.2251
9.2324

0 9877
0.9872
0.9868
0 9863
0.9858
0.9853

9.9946
9.9944
9.9942
9.9940
9.9938
9.9936

0.1584
0.1614
0.1644
0.1673
0.1703
0.1733

9.1997
9.2078
9.2158
9.2236
9.2313
9.2389

63138
6.1970
60844
5.9758
5.8708
5.7694

08003
0.7922
07842
0.7764
0.7687
07611

14137
1.4108
14079
1.4050
1.4021
1.3992

810
81'
810
810
81
810

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

Natural

Log"

Natural

Log"

Natural

Loo**

Cosines

'Far OD 1 mtervals, see Tables 1 21. 1 22. and 1 23

'Add 10 I" ,h?se columns

Sines

Cotangents

Natural

Loa"

Tangents

Radians

Degrees

MATHEMATICALTABLES&

UNlTS&SYSTEMSOFWElGHTS

TABLE 1.24-TRIGONOMETRIC

Tange nts

Radians

Natural

Loo"

Natural

Natural

Log"

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.1745
0.1774
0.1804
0.1833
0.1862
0.1891

0.1736
0.1765
0.1794
0.1822
0.1851
0.1880

9.2397
92468
9.2538
92606
9.2674
92740

0.9848
0.9843
0.9838
0.9833
0.9827
0.9822

0.1763
0.1793
0.1823
0.1853
0.1883
0.1914

9.2463
92536
9.2609
92680
9.2750
92819

11~00'
110 IO'
110 20'
110 30'
11" 40'
110 50'

0.1920
0.1949
0.1978
0.2007
0.2036
0.2065

0.1908
0.1937
0.1965
0.1994
0.2022
0.2051

92806
92870
9.2934
9.2997
93058
93119

09816
0.9811
0.9805
0.9799
0.9793
0.9787

99919
9.9917
9.9914
9.9912
9.9909
9.9907

0.1944
0.1974
0.2004
0.2035
0.2065
0.2095

120
120
120
120
120
120

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.2094
02123
0.2153
0.2182
0.2211
0.2240

0.2079
0.2108
0.2136
0.2164
0.2193
0.2221

9.3179
9.3238
0 3296
93353
9.3410
9.3466

0.9781
0.9775
0.9769
0.9763
0.9757
0.9750

9.9904
9.9901
9.9899
9.9896
9.9893
9.9890

130
130
130
130
130
130

00'
IO'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.2269
0.2298
0.2327
0.2356
0.2385
0.2414

0.2250
0.2278
0.2306
0.2334
0.2363
0.2391

93521
93575
9.3629
9.3682
9.3734
93786

0.9744
0.9737
0.9730
0.9724
0.9717
0.9710

140
140
140
140
140
140

00
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.2443
0.2473
0.2502
0.2531
0.2560
0.2589

0.2419
0.2447
0.2476
0.2504
0.2532
0.2560

9.3837
9.3887
9.3937
9.3986
94035
9.4083

150
150
150
150
150
150

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.2618
0.2647
0.2676
0.2705
0.2734
0.2763

0.2588
0.2616
0.2644
0.2672
0.2700
0.2728

16O
16"
16O
16'
16O
16O

00'
IO'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.2793
0.2822
0.2851
0.2880
0.2909
0.2938

170
170
170
170
170
170

00'
IO'
20'
30'
40'
50'

18O
18'
18O
18'
la0
18O
190
190
190
19"
190
19"

100
100
IO"
100
10"
100

I-51

FUNCTIONS (AT INTERVALS OF 10)

Sil
nes
Degrees

&MEASURES

(continued)

Cotangents
Natural
~~
5.6713
5.5764
5.4845
5.3955
5.3093
5.2257

0.7537
0.7464
0.7391
0.7320
0.7250
0.7181

1.3963
1.3934
1.3904
1.3875
1.3846
1.3817

80"
80
80'
80
80'
80

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

9.2887
9.2953
9.3020
9.3085
9.3149
9.3212

5.1446
5.0658

0.7113
0.7047

4.9894

0.6980

4.9152
4.8430
4.7729

0.6915
0.6851
0.6788

1.3788
1.3759
1.3730
1.3701
1.3672
1.3643

790
790
790
790
790
790

00
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

0.2126
0.2156
0.2186
0.2217
0.2247
0.2278

9.3275
9.3336
9.3397
9.3458
9.3517
9.3576

4.7046
4.6382
4.5736
4.5107
4.4494
4.3897

0.6725
0.6664
0.6603
0.6542
0.6483
0.6424

1.3614
1.3584
1.3555
1.3526
1.3497
1.3468

78O
78'
78O
7%"
78O
78"

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

9.9887
9.9884
9.9881
9.9878
9.9875
9.9872

0.2309
0.2339
0.2370
0.2401
0.2432
0.2462

9.3634
9.3691
9.3748
9.3804
9.3859
9.3914

4.3315
4.2747
4.2193
4.1653
4.1126
4.0611

0.6366
0.6309
0.6252
0.6196
0.6141
0.6086

1.3439
1.3410
1.3381
1.3352
1.3323
1.3294

770
770
77"
770
770
770

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

0.9703
0.9696
0.9689
0.9681
0.9674
0.9667

9.9869
9.9866
9.9863
9.9859
9.9856
9.9853

0.2493
0.2524
0.2555
0.2586
0.2617
0.2648

9.3968
9.4021
9.4074
9.4127
9.4178
9.4230

4.0108
3.9617
3.9136
3.8667
3.8208
3.7760

0.6032
0.5979
0.5926
0.5873
0.5822
0.5770

1.3265
1.3235
1.3206
1.3177
1.3148
1.3119

76O
76"
76O
76'
76O
76"

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

9.4130
9.4177
9.4223
9 4269
9.4314
9 4359

0.9659
0.9652
0.9644
0.9636
0.9628
0.9621

9.9849
9.9846
9.9843
9.9839
9.9836
9.9832

0.2679
0.2711
0.2742
0.2773
0.2805
0.2836

9.4281
9.4331
9.4381
9.4430
9.4479
9.4527

3.7321
3.6891
3.6470
3.6059
3.5656
3.5261

0.5719
0.5669
0.5619
0.5570
0.5521
0.5473

1.3090
1.3061
1.3032
1.3003
1.2974
1.2945

75"
750
75"
750
75"
750

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

0.2756
0.2784
0.2812
0.2840
0.2868
0.2896

94403
9.4447
94491
94533
94576
9.4618

0.9613
0.9605
0.9596
0.9588
0.9580
0.9572

9.9828
9.9825
9.9821
9.9817
9.9814
9.9810

0.2867
0.2899
0 2931
0.2962
0 2994
0.3026

9.4575
9.4622
9.4669
9.4716
9.4762
9.4808

3.4874
3.4495
3.4124
3.3759
3.3402
3.3052

0.5425
0.5378
0.5331
0.5284
0.5238
0.5192

1.2915
1.2886
1.2857
1.2828
1.2799
1.2770

740
740
740
740
740
74"

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

0.2967
0.2996
0.3025
0.3054
0.3083
0.3113

0.2924
0.2952
0.2979
0.3007
0.3035
0.3062

9.4659
9.4700
9.4741
9.4781
9.4821
9.4861

0.9563
0.9555
0.9546
0.9537
0.9528
0.9520

9.9806
9.9802
9.9798
9.9794
9.9790
9.9786

0.3057
0.3089
0.3121
0.3153
0.3185
0.3217

9.4853
9.4898
9.4943
9.4987
9.5031
9.5075

3.2709
3.2371
3.2041
3.1716
3.1397
3.1084

0.5147
0.5102
0.5057
0.5013
0.4969
0.4925

1.2741
1.2712
1.2683
1.2654
1.2625
1.2595

730
730
730
730
730
730

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.3142
0.3171
0.3200
0.3229
0.3258
0.3287

0.3090
0.3118
0.3145
0.3173
0.3201
0.3228

9.4900
9.4939
9.4977
9.5015
9.5052
9.5090

0.9511
0.9502
0.9492
0.9483
0.9474
0.9465

9.9782
9.9778
9.9774
9.9770
9.9765
9.9761

0.3249
0.3281
0.3314
0.3346
0.3378
03411

9.5118
9.5161
9.5203
9.5245
9.5287
9.5329

3.0777
3.0475
3.0178
2.9887
2.9600
2.9319

0.4882
0.4839
0.4797
0.4755
0.4713
0.4671

1.2566
1.2537
1.2508
1.2479
1.2450
1.2421

72'
72'
72O
72O
72O
72O

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

00'
IO'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.3316
0.3345
0.3374
0.3403
0.3432
0.3462

0.3256
0.3283
0.3311
0.3338
0.3365
0.3393

9.5126
9.5163
9.5199
9.5235
9.5270
9.5306

0.9455
0.9446
0.9436
0.9426
0.9417
0.9407

9.9757
9.9752
9.9748
9.9743
9.9739
9.9734

0.3443
0.3476
0.3508
0.3541
0.3574
0.3607

9.5370
9.5411
9.5451
9.5491
9.5531
9.5571

2.9042
2.8770
2.8502
2.8239
2.7980
2.7725

0.4630
0.4589
0.4549
0.4509
0.4469
0.4429

1.2392
1.2363
1.2334
1.2305
1.2275
1.2246

710
710
710
710
710
710

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

Natural

Log"

Cosines

Natural

Log"

Sines

Natural

Log'*

Cotangents

Natural

Log"

Log**

Tangents

Radians

Degrees

'For0' 1 ~nlervals.
see Tables 1 21. 1 22. and 1 23
"Add

10 I" these columns

(continuedon next page)

PETROLEUM

1-52

TABLE

1.24--TRIGONOMETRIC
Sines

Dearees

FUNCTIONS
Cow ies

(AT INTERVALS
Tang{fnts

ENGINEERING

HANDBOOK

OF 10) (continued)
CotangE!rlts
Log"

~Log"

Natural

Log'*

Natural

Log"

0.3420
0.3448
0.3475
0.3502
0.3529
0.3557

9.5341
9.5375
9.5409
9.5443
9.5477
9.5510

0.9397
0.9387
0.9377
0.9367
0.9356
0.9346

9.9730
9.9725
9.9721
9.9716
9.9711
9.9706

0.3640
0.3673
0.3706
0.3739
0.3772
0.3805

9.5611
9.5650
9.5689
9.5727
9.5766
9.5804

2.7475
2.7228
2.6985
2.6746
2.6511
2.6279

0.4389
0.4350
0.4311
0.4273
0.4234
0.4196

1.2217
1.2188
12159
1.2130
12101
1.2072

700
70"
700
7o"
700
700

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

Radians

~Natural

Natural

200
200
200
20"
200
200

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.3491
0.3520
0.3549
0.3578
0.3607
0.3636

210
210
21"
210
210
21"

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.3665
0.3694
0.3723
0.3752
0.3782
0.3811

0.3584
0.3611
0.3638
0.3665
0.3692
0.3719

9.5543
9.5576
9.5609
9.5641
9.5673
9.5704

0.9336
0.9325
0.9315
0.9304
0.9293
0.9283

9.9702
9.9697
9.9692
9.9687
9.9682
9.9677

0.3839
0.3872
0.3906
0.3939
0.3973
0.4006

9.5842
9.5879
9.5917
9.5954
9.5991
9.6028

2.6051
2.5826
2.5605
2.5386
2.5172
2.4960

0.4158
0.4121
0.4083
0.4046
0.4009
0.3972

1.2043
12014
1.1985
1.1956
1 1926
1.1897

69"
69O
69O
69O
69O
69O

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

220
220
220
220
220
220

00'
IO'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.3840
0.3869
0.3898
0.3927
0.3956
0.3985

0.3746
0.3773
0.3800
0.3827
0.3854
0.3881

9.5736
9.5767
9.5798
9.5828
9.5859
9.5889

0.9272
0.9261
0.9250
0.9239
0.9228
0.9216

9.9672
9.9667
9.9661
9.9656
9.9651
9.9646

0.4040
0.4074
0.4108
0.4142
0.4176
0.4210

9.6064
9.6100
9.6136
9.6172
9.6208
9.6243

2.4751
2.4545
2.4342
2.4142
2.3945
2.3750

0.3936
0.3900
0.3864
0.3828
0.3792
0.3757

1.1868
1.1839
1.1810
1 1781
1 1752
1.1723

680
680
68O
680
680
680

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

23O
23O
23O
23'
23O
23"

00'
IO'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.4014
0.4043
0.4072
0.4102
0.4131
0.4160

0.3907
0.3934
0.3961
0.3987
0.4014
0.4041

9.5919
9.5948
9.5978
9.6007
9.6036
9.6065

0.9205
0.9194
0.9182
0.9171
0.9159
0.9147

9.9640
9.9635
9.9629
9.9624
9.9618
9.9613

0.4245
0.4279
0.4314
0.4348
0.4383
0.4417

9.6279
9.6314
9.6348
9.6383
9.6417
9.6452

2.3559
2.3369
2.3183
2.2998
2.2817
2.2637

0.3721
0.3686
0.3652
0.3617
0.3583
0.3548

1.1694
1.1665
1 1636
1 1606
1.1577
1.1548

67O 00'
67" 50'
67O 40'
67O 30'
67'=20'
67O 10'

24"
24O
24O
24'
24"
24'

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.4189
0.4218
0.4247
0.4276
0.4305
0.4334

0.4067
0.4094
0.4120
0.4147
0.4173
0.4200

9.6093
9.6121
9.6149
9.6177
9.6205
9.6232

0.9135
0.9124
0.9112
0.9100
0.9088
0.9075

9.9607
9.9602
9.9596
9.9590
9.9584
9.9579

0.4452
0.4487
0.4522
0.4557
0.4592
0.4628

9.6486
9.6520
9.6553
9.6587
9.6620
9.6654

2.2460
2.2286
2.2113
2.1943
2.1775
2.1609

0.3514
0.3480
0.3447
0.3413
0.3380
0.3346

1.1519
1 1490
1 1461
1 1432
1.1403
1.1374

660
660
66"
66"
66"
660

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

250
25'
25O
25'
25O
25'

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.4363
0.4392
0.4422
0.4451
0.4480
0.4509

0.4226
0.4253
0.4279
04305
0.4331
0.4358

9.6259
9.6286
9.6313
9.6340
9.6366
9.6392

0.9063
0.9051
0.9038
0.9026
0.9013
0.9001

9.9573
9.9567
9.9561
9.9555
9.9549
9.9543

0.4663
0.4699
0.4734
0.4770
04806
04841

9.6687
9.6720
9.6752
9.6785
9.6817
9.6850

2.1445
2.1283
2.1123
2.0965
2.0809
2.0655

0.3313
0.3280
0.3248
0.3215
0.3183
0.3150

1.1345
1 1316
1.1286
1.1257
1.1228
1.1199

65O
65O
65O
65O
65O
65O

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

26'
26O
26'
26O
260
26O

00'
IO'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.4538
04567
0.4596
04625
0.4654
04683

0.4384
04410
0.4436
04462
04488
04514

9.6418
9.6444
9.6470
9.6495
9.6521
9.6546

0.8988
0.8975
0.8962
0 8949
0.8936
0.8923

9.9537
9.9530
9.9524
9.9518
9.9512
9.9505

04877
0.4913
0.4950
0 4986
0.5022
0 5059

9.6882
9.6914
9.6946
9.6977
9.7009
9.7040

2.0503
2.0353
2.0204
2.0057
1.9912
1.9768

0.3118
0.3086
0.3054
0.3023
0.2991
0.2960

1.1170
1.1141
1.1112
1.1083
1.1054
1.1025

64O
64O
64"
64O
64O
64O

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

270
27'
270
27"
27O
27O

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.4712
0.4741
0.4771
0.4800
0.4829
0.4858

04540
04566
0 4592
0.4617
0.4643
0 4669

9.6570
9.6595
9.6620
9.6644
9.6668
9.6692

0.8910
0.8897
0.8884
0.8870
0.8857
0.8843

0.9499
9.9492
9.9486
9.9479
9.9473
9.9466

0 5095
0.5132
05169
05206
0.5243
0.5280

9.7072
9.7103
9.7134
9.7165
9.7196
9.7226

1.9626
1.9486
1.9347
1.9210
1.9074
1.8940

0.2928
0.2897
0.2866
0.2835
0.2804
0.2774

1.0996
1.0966
1.0937
1.0908
1.0879
1.0850

63O 00'
63O 50'
63O 40'
63O 30'
63'=20'
63O IO'

280
280
28"
28O
28O
28O

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

04887
0.4916
0.4945
0.4974
0.5003
05032

0 4695
04720
04746
0.4772
0 4797
0.4823

9.6716
9.6740
9.6763
9.6787
9.6810
9.6833

0.8829
0.8816
0.8802
0.8788
0.8774
0.8760

9.9459
9.9453
9.9446
9.9439
9.9432
9 9425

0.5317
0.5354
0.5392
0 5430
0.5467
0.5505

9.7257
9.7287
9.7317
9.7348
9.7378
9.7408

1.8807
1.8676
1.8546
1.8418
1.8291
1.8165

0.2743
0.2713
0.2683
0.2652
0.2622
0.2592

1.0821
1.0792
1.0763
1.0734
1.0705
1.0676

62O 00'
62'=50'
62O 40'
62O 30'
62O 20'
62O 10'

290
290
290
290
290
290

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

05061
0.5091
0.5120
05149
0.5178
0.5207

04848
04874
0.4899
0.4924
0.4950
0.4975

9.6856
9.6878
9.6901
9.6923
9.6946
9.6968

0.8746
0 8732
0.8718
0.8704
0.8689
0.8675

9.9418
9.9411
9.9404
9.9397
9.9390
9.9383

0.5543
0.5581
0.5619
0.5658
0.5696
0.5735

9.7438
9.7467
9.7497
9.7526
9.7556
9.7585

1.8040
1.7917
1.7796
1.7675
1.7556
1.7437

0.2562
0.2533
0.2503
0.2474
0.2444
0.2415

1.0647
1.0617
1.0588
1.0559
1.0530
1.0501

61 00'
61 50'
61' 40'
61 30'
61'=20'
61 10'

Natural

Log"

Natural

Log'*

Natural

Log* *

Natural

Radians

Degrees

Cosines

For 0 1 intervals. see Tables 1 21

Add
10 I these columns

1.22. and I 23

Sines

Cotangents

Log"

Tangents

MATHEMATlCALTABLES&

TABLE

UNlTS&SYSTEMSOFWElGHTS

1.24-TRIGONOMETRIC
Sines

& MEASURES

FUNCTIONS
Comes

(AT INTERVALS
Tangents

Cotangents
Log"

9.7614
9.7644
9.7673
9.7701
9.7730
9.7759

1.7321
1.7205
1.7090
1.6977
1.6864
1.6753

0.2386
0.2356
0.2327
0.2299
0.2270
0.2241

1.0472
1.0443
1.0414
1.0385
1.0356
1.0327

60a
60
60
60
60
60'

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

0.6009
0.6048
0.6088
0.6128
0.6168
0.6208

9.7788
9.7816
9.7845
9.7873
9.7902
9.7930

1.6643
1.6534
1.6426
1.6319
1.6212
1.6107

0.2212
0.2184
0.2155
0.2127
0.2098
0.2070

1.0297
1.0268
1.0239
1.0210
1.0181
1.0152

590
590
59"
590
590
590

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

9.9284
9.9276
9.9268
9.9260
9.9252
9.9244

0.6249
0.6289
0.6330
0.6371
0.6412
0.6453

9.7958
9.7986
9.8014
9.8042
9.8070
9.8097

1.6003
1.5900
1.5798
1.5697
1.5597
1.5497

0.2042
0.2014
0.1986
0.1958
0.1930
0.1903

1.0123
.I.0094
1.0065
1.0036
1.0007
0.9977

58O
58"
58O
58'
58O
58'

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

0.8387
0.8371
0.8355
0.8339
0.8323
0.8307

9.9236
9.9228
9.9219
9.9211
9.9203
9.9194

0.6494
0.6536
0.6577
0.6619
0.6661
0.6703

9.8125
9.8153
9.8180
9.8208
9.8235
9.8263

1.5399
1.5301
1.5204
1.5108
1.5013
1.4919

0.1875
0.1847
0.1820
0.1792
0.1765
0.1737

0.9948
0.9919
0.9890
0.9861
0.9832
0.9803

57"
570
570
570
570
570

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

9.7476
9.7494
9.7513
9.7531
9.7550
9.7568

0.8290
0.8274
0.8258
0.8241
0.8225
0.8208

9.9186
9.9177
9.9169
9.9160
9.9151
9.9142

0.6745
0.6787
0.6830
0.6873
0.6916
0.6959

9.8290
9.8317
9.8344
9.8371
9.8398
9.8425

1.4826
1.4733
1.4641
1.4550
1.4460
1.4370

0.1710
0.1683
0.1656
0.1629
0.1602
0.1575

0.9774
0.9745
0.9716
0.9687
0.9657
0.9628

56O 00'
56O 50'
56'=40'
56O 30'
56" 20'
56O IO'

0.5736
0.5760
0.5783
0.5807
0.5831
0.5854

9.7586
9.7604
9.7622
9.7640
9.7657
9.7675

0.8192
0.8175
0.8158
0.8141
0.8124
0.8107

9.9134
9.9125
9.9116
9.9107
9.9098
9.9089

0.7002
0.7046
0.7089
0.7133
0.7177
0.7221

9.8452
9.8479
9.8506
0.8533
9.8559
9.8586

1.4281
1.4193
1.4106
1.4019
1.3934
1.3848

0.1548
0.1521
0.1494
0.1467
0.1441
0.1414

0.9599
0.9570
0.9541
0.9512
0.9483
0.9454

559
550
550
550
550
550

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

0.6283
0.6312
0.6341
0.6370
0.6400
0.6429

0.5878
0.5901
0.5925
0.5948
0.5972
0.5995

9.7692
9.7710
9.7727
9.7744
9.7761
9.7778

0.8090
0.8073
0.8056
0.8039
0.8021
0.8004

9.9080
9.9070
9.9061
9.9052
9.9042
9.9033

0.7265
0.7310
0.7355
0.7400
0.7445
0.7490

9.8613
9.8639
9.8666
9.8692
9.8718
9.8745

1.3764
1.3680
1.3597
1.3514
1.3432
1.3351

0.1387
0.1361
0.1334
0.1308
0.1282
0.1255

0.9425
0.9396
0.9367
0.9338
0.9308
0.9279

540
540
540
540
54"
540

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.6458
0.6487
0.6516
0.6545
0.6574
0.6603

0.6018
0.6041
0.6065
0.6088
0.6111
0.6134

9.7795
9.7811
9.7828
9.7844
9.7861
9.7877

0.7986
0.7969
0.7951
0.7934
0.7916
0.7898

9.9023
9.9014
9.9004
9.8995
9.8985
9.8975

0.7536
0.7581
0.7627
0.7673
0.7720
0.7766

9.8771
9.8797
9.8824
9.8850
9.8876
9.8902

1.3270
1.3190
1.3111
1.3032
1.2954
1.2876

0.1229
0.1203
0.1176
0.1150
0.1124
0.1098

0.9250
0.9221
0.9192
0.9163
0.9134
0.9105

530
530
530
53"
530
53"

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

38O
38O
38O
38O
38O
38O

00'
IO'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.6632
0.6661
0.6690
0.6720
0.6749
0.6778

0.6157
0.6180
0.6202
0.6225
0.6248
0.6271

9.7893
9.7910
9.7926
9.7941
9.7957
9.7973

0.7880
0.7862
0.7844
0.7826
0.7808
0.7790

9.8965
9.8955
9.8945
9.8935
9.8925
9.8915

0.7813
0.7860
0.7907
0.7954
0.8002
0.8050

9.8928
9.8954
9.8980
9.9006
9.9032
9.9058

1.2799
1.2723
1.2647
1.2572
1.2497
1.2423

0.1072
0.1046
0.1020
0.0994
0.0968
0.0942

0.9076
0.9047
0.9018
0.8988
0.8959
0.8930

52O
52O
52'
52O
52"
52O

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

390
390
39"
390
390
390

00
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.6807
0.6836
0.6865
0.6894
0.6923
0.6952

0.6293
0.6316
0.6338
0.6361
0.6383
0.6406

9.7989
9.8004
9.8020
9.8035
9.8050
9.8066

0.7771
0.7753
0.7735
0.7716
0.7698
0.7679

9.8905
9.8895
9.8884
9.8874
9.8864
9.8853

0.8098
0.8146
0.8195
0.8243
0.8292
0.8342

9.9084
9.9110
9.9135
9.9161
9.9187
9.9212

1.2349
1.2276
1.2203
1.2131
1.2059
1.1988

0.0916
0.0890
0.0865
0.0839
0.0813
0.0788

0.8901
0.8872
0.8843
0.8814
0.8785
0.8756

510
51"
510
510
51"
510

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

Natural

Log"'
Radians

Degrees

Log"

Natural

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.5236
0.5265
0.5294
0.5323
0.5352
0.5381

0.5000
0.5025
0.5050
0.5075
0.5100
0.5125

9.6990
9.7012
9.7033
9.7055
9.7076
9.7097

0.8660
0.8646
0.8631
0.8616
0.8601
0.8587

9.9375
9.9368
9.9361
9.9353
9.9346
9.9338

0.5774
0.5812
0.5851
0.5890
0.5930
0.5969

310 00'
310 IO'
31" 20'
31'130'
31" 40'
310 50'

0.5411
0.5440
0.5469
0.5498
0.5527
0.5556

0.5150
0.5175
0.5200
0.5225
0.5250
0.5275

9.7118
9.7139
9.7160
9.7181
9.7201
9.7222

08572
0.8557
0.8542
0.8526
0.8511
0.8496

9.9331
9.9323
9.9315
9.9308
9.9300
9.9292

32O
32"
32O
32"
32O
32'

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.5585
0.5614
0.5643
0.5672
0.5701
0.5730

0.5299
0.5324
0.5348
0.5373
0.5398
0.5422

9.7742
9.7262
9.7282
9.7302
9.7322
9.7342

0.8480
0.8465
0 8450
0.8434
0 8418
0.8403

330
330
33"
339
330
330

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.5760
0.5789
0.5818
0.5847
0.5876
0.5905

0.5446
0.5471
0.5495
0.5519
0.5544
0.5568

9.7361
9.7380
9.7400
9.7419
9.7438
9.7457

340
34"
340
340
340
340

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.5934
0.5963
0.5992
0.6021
0.6050
0.6080

0.5592
0.5616
0.5640
0.5664
0.5688
0.5712

350
350
350
350
350
35"

00'
IO'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.6109
0.6138
0.6167
0.6196
0.6225
0.6254

36"
36O
36'
36O
36"
36O

00'
IO'
20'
30'
40'
50'

370
37"
370
370
370
370

300
30"
300
30"
300
300

Natural

Log"

Natural

Radians

Log*'

Cosines

Natural
Smes

Log**

Natural

Log*'

OF 10')' (continued)

Natural

Degrees

Natural

1-53

Log"'

Cotangents

Tangents

(contmued

on next page)

PETROLEUM

l-54

TABLE

1.24-TRIGONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS(AT

Sines
Degrees

Radtans

Natural

Log**

INTERVALS
Tangents

Natural

Log"

Natural

ENGINEERING

HANDBOOK

OF 10')' (continued)
Cotangents

Log**

Natural

Log*'

400
400
400
400
400
400

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.6981
0.7010
0.7039
0.7069
0.7098
0.7127

0.6428
0.6450
0.6472
0.6494
0.6517
0.6539

9.8081
9.8096
9.8111
9.8125
9.8140
9.8155

0.7660
07642
0.7623
0.7604
0.7585
0.7566

9.8843
9.8832
9.8821
9.8810
9.8800
9.8789

0.8391
0.8441
0.8491
0.8541
0.8591
0.8642

9.9238
9.9264
9.9289
9.9315
9.9341
9.9366

1.1918
1.1847
1.1778
1.1708
1.1640
1.1571

0.0762
0.0736
00711
0.0685
0.0659
0.0634

0.8727
0.8698
0.8668
0.8639
0.8610
0.8581

500
50"
500
50"
500
500

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

410
410
41"
410
410
410

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.7156
0.7185
0.7214
0.7243
0.7272
0.7301

0.6561
0.6583
0.6604
0.6626
0.6648
0.6670

9.8169
9.8184
9.8198
9.8213
9.8227
9.8241

0.7547
07528
0.7509
0 7490
0.7470
074.51

9.8778
9.8767
9.8756
9.8745
9.8733
9.8722

0.8693
0.8744
0.8796
0.8847
0.8899
0 8952

9.9392
9.9417
9.9443
9.9468
9.9494
9.9519

1.1504
1.1436
1.1369
1.1303
1.1237
1.1171

0.0608
0.0583
0.0557
0.0532
0.0506
0.0481

0.8552
0.8523
0.8494
0.8465
0.8436
0.8407

490
490
49"
490
49"
490

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
10'

42O
42'
42O
42O
42O
420

00'
IO'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.7330
0.7359
0.7389
0.7418
0.7447
0.7476

0.6691
0.6713
0.6734
0.6756
0.6777
0.6799

9.8255
9.8269
9.8283
9.8297
9.8311
9.8324

0 7431
07412
0.7392
0.7373
0.7353
0.7333

9.8711
9.8699
9.8688
9.8676
9.8665
9.8653

0.9004
0.9057
0.9110
0.9163
0.9217
0.9271

9.9544
9.9570
9.9595
9.9621
9.9646
9.9671

1.1106
1.1041
1.0977
1.0913
1.0850
1.0786

00456
0.0430
00405
0.0379
0.0354
0.0329

0.8378
0.8348
0.8319
0.8290
0.8261
0.8232

48O
48"
48O
480
48O
48"

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

430
430
430
430
430
43"

00'
10'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.7505
0.7534
0.7563
0.7592
0.7621
0.7650

0.6820
0.6841
0.6862
0.6884
0.6905
0.6926

9.8338
9.8351
9.8365
9.8378
9.8391
9.8405

0.7314
0.7294
0.7274
0.7254
0.7234
07214

9.8641
9.8629
9.8618
9.8606
9.8594
9.8582

0.9325
0.9380
0.9435
0.9490
0.9545
0.9601

9.9697
9.9722
9.9747
9.9772
9.9798
9.9823

1.0724
1.0661
1.0599
1.0538
1.0477
1.0416

0.0303
0.0278
0.0253
0.0228
0.0202
0.0177

0.8203
0.8174
0.8145
0.8116
0.8087
0.8058

47"
470
470
470
470
470

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

44"
440
44"
440
44"
440

DO'
IO'
20'
30'
40'
50'

0.7679
0.7709
0.7738
0.7767
0.7796
0.7825

0.6947
0.6967
0.6988
0.7009
0.7030
0.7050

9.8418
9.8431
9.8444
9.8457
9.8469
9.8482

0.7193
0.7173
0.7153
0.7133
0.7112
0.7092

9.8569
9.8557
9.8545
9.8532
9.8520
9.8507

0.9657
0.9713
0.9770
0.9827
0.9884
0.9942

9.9848
9.9874
9.9899
9.9924
9.9949
9.9975

1.0355
1.0295
1.0235
1.0176
1.0117
1.0058

0.0152
0.0126
0.0101
0.0076
0.0051
0.0025

0.8029
0.7999
0.7970
0.7941
0.7912
0.7883

46O
46O
46'
46O
46'
46O

00'
50'
40'
30'
20'
IO'

450 00'

0.7854

0.7071

9.8495

0.7071

9.8495

1.0000

0.0000

1 .oooo

0.0000

0.7854

450 00'

Natural

Loq"

Natural

LOCI"

Natural

Log'*

Natural

Radians

Degrees

Sines

Cotangents

Log"

Tangents

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS

& SYSTEMS

TABLE

0.00
0 01

1000

1010

0.02

1020

003

1030

0 04

1041

005

1051

0 06

1062

007

1073

0 08

1083

0 09

1094

0.10

1 105

0 11

1116

0 12

1127

0 13

1139

014

1150

0 15
0 16

1 162
1 174

017

i 185

0 18

1197

0 19

1209

0.20

1221

0 21

1234

0 22

1 246

023

1259

0 24

1.271

025

1284

0 26

1 297

027

1310

028
0 29

1323
1 336

0.30

1.350

0 31

1.363

032

1377

0 33

1391

034

1405

035

1419

0 36

1433

0 37

i 448

0.38

1 462

0 39

1477

0.40

1492

0 41

1 507

042
043

1522
1537

044

1553

0 45
0 46

1 568
i 584

047

1600

048

1616

049

1632

0.50

1649

Dlllerence
10
10
10
11
10
11
11
10
11
11
11
11
12
11
12
12
11
12
12
12
13
12
13
12
13
13
13
13
13
14
13
14
14
14
14
14
15
14
15
14
15
15
15
16
15
16
16
16
16
17

0.50

1649

051

0 52

1 665
1682

0 53

1699

0 54

1716

0 55

1733

0 56

1751

0 57

1 768

0 58

1786

0 59

1804

0.60

1822

061

1840

0 62

1859

0 63

i a78

064

1896

0 65
066

1916
1935

067

1954

0 68

1974

0 69

1994

0.70

2 014

0 71

2034

0 72

2054

0 73

0 74

075
2 096

0 75

2 117

0 76

2 138

0 77

2 160

0 78
0 79

2181
2203

0.80

2226

081

2248

082

0 83
0 64

270
2 293
2 316

085

2340

0 86

2363

087

2 387

088

2411

0 89

2 435

0.90

2460

091

2484

0 92
0 93

2 509
2535

0 94

2560

0 95
0 96

2 586
2612

0 97

2638

0 98

2664

0 99

2691

1.00

2718

OF WEIGHTS

1.25-EXPONENTIALS

Otfferenc~
16
17
17
17
17
18
17
18
18
18
18
19
19
18
20
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
22
21
22
23
22
22
23
23
24
23
24
24
24
25
24
25
26
25
26
26
26
26
27
27

& MEASURES

(e and em)

I-55

1.0

2 718'

0.00

1000

11

3 004
3 320

0 01
002

0 990
0980

12
13

3669

003

0970

14

4055

0 04

0 961

15

4 482

005

0951

16

4 953

0 06

0.942

5 474

007

0932

18

6050

0 08

0 923

19

6 686

009

0914

2.0

7389

0.10

0 905

21

8 166

0 11

0 896

22

9025

012

0887

23

9 974

013

0878

D~iierence
_n
- I
-10
-10
9
-10

-10

0
J

I ;
-

9
n
3

r>

0.50

0 607

1.0

0368"

051
052

0600
0595

11
12

0333
0301

053

0 589

13

0213

054

0583

14

0247

055

0577

15

0223

0 56

0 571

16

0202

057

0566

17

0183

058

0560

18

0165

059

0554

19

0150

0.60

0 549

2.0

0135

061

0543

21

0122

062

0538

22

0111

063

0533

23

0100

064

0 527

24

00907

24

11 02

014

0869

25
26

1218

015

0861

25

00821

1346

016

0852

26

00743

27

017

0844

27

00672

28

1488
1644

018

0835

28

00608

29

1817

019

0827

29

00550

3.0

20 09

0.20

0 819

3.0

0 0498

31

2220

0 21

0 811

31

00450

32

24 53

022

0803

32

00408

33

27 11

023

0795

33

0 0369

34

2996

0 24

0 787

34

00334

35

3312

025

0779

35

00302

36

3660

026

0771

36

00273

37

4045

027

0763

37

00247

38
39

44 70
4940

028
029

0756
0748

38
39

00224

4.0

5460

0.30

0 741

41

60 34

0 31

0 733

42

6669

032

0726

43

7370

033

0719

44

81 45

034

45

9002

0 449

4.0

00183

081

0445

4 1

00166

082

0440

42

00150

083
084

0436
0432

4.3
44

00136

0712

- 7
-7

035

0705

-7

085

0427

45

00111

036

0698

086

0423

087

0419

5.0

000674

088

0415

60

000248

089

0411

70

0000912

0.90

0 407

8 0

0000335

091

0403

90

0.000123

092
093

0399
0 395

10.0

0000045

094

0391

095
096

0387
0383

097
098

5.0

1484

037

0691

60

4034

038

0684

70

1097

0 39

0 677

80

2.981

0.40

0 670

90

8 103

0 41

0 664

042
043

0657
0651

044

0644

111 3

045

0638

5355

046

0631

10.0
;I2
2si2
3r/2
4ri2

22 026
4 810

-7

5ii2

2.576 0

047

0625

12.392 0

048

0619

7~12

59.610 0

049

0613

0.50

0 607

286.751

6
_

7
6

23 14

6ri2
7112

00202

0.80

-8

6
^

1;

^
b

r;/2

00123

0 208

2712

00432

3~12
4~12

000898
000187

0379

5~12

0000388

0375

6ni2

0000081

099

0372

7~12

0000017

l.oo

0368

8~12

0000003

*e=pjy828, I,~=o.s~~Ts, lag,,e=04343. l/(04343)=2.3026.log,,(O4343)=1.6378. log,,e"=n(O4343). For tablesof multiples

of 0.4343,see Table 1 30
"Do not ~nterpcdate
m thiscolumn

PETROLEUM

l-56

TABLE

1.26-NATUI

"

n(2 3026)

n(0.6974-3)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

2.3026
4.6052
6.9078
9.2103
11.5129
13.8155
16.1181
18.4207
20.7233

0 6974-3
0 3948-5
0.0922 -7
0.7897-10
0.4871-12
0.1845-14
0.8819-17
0.5793-19
0 2767-21

ENGINEERING

HANDBOOK

RALLOGARITHMS'

Average
Difference

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

0.0000
0.0953
0.1823
0.2624
0.3365

0.0100
01044
0.1906
02700
0.3436

0.0198
0.1133
0.1989
0.2776
0.3507

0.0296
01222
0.2070
0.2852
0.3577

0.0392
01310
0.2151
0.2927
0.3646

0.0488
01398
0.2231
0.3001
0.3716

0.0583
0.1484
0.2311
0.3075
0.3784

0.0677
0.1570
0.2390
0.3148
0.3853

0.0770
0.1655
0.2469
0.3221
0.3920

0.0862
0.1740
0.2546
0.3293
0.3988

95
87
80
74
69

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

0.4055
0.4700
0.5306
0.5878
0.6419

0.4121
0.4762
0.5365
0.5933
0.6471

0.4187
0.4824
0.5423
0.5988
0.6523

0.4253
0.4886
0.5481
0.6043
06575

0.4318
0.4947
0.5539
0.6098
0.6627

0.4383
0.5008
0.5596
0.6152
0.6678

0.4447
0.5068
0.5653
0.6206
0.6729

0.4511
0.5128
0.5710
0.6259
0.6780

0.4574
0.5188
0.5766
0.6313
0.6831

0.4637
0.5247
0.5822
0.6366
0.6881

65
61
57
54
51

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

0.6931
0.7419
0.7885
0.8329
0.8755

0.6981
0.7467
0.7930
0.8372
0.8796

0.7031
0.7514
0.7975
0.8416
0.8838

07080
0.7561
0.8020
0.8459
0.8879

0.7129
0.7608
0.8065
0.8502
0.8920

0.7178
07655
0.8109
0.8544
0.8961

0.7227
0.7701
0.8154
0.8587
0.9002

0.7275
0.7747
0.8198
0.8629
0.9042

0.7324
0.7793
0.8242
0.8671
0.9083

0.7372
0 7839
0.8286
0.8713
0.9123

49
47
44
43
41

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

0.9163
0.9555
0.9933
1.0296
1.0647

0.9203
0.9594
0.9969
1.0332
1.0682

0.9243
0.9632
1.0006
1.0367
1.0716

0.9282
0.9670
1.0043
1.0403
1.0750

0.9322
0.9708
1.0080
1.0438
1.0784

0.9361
0.9746
1.0116
1.0473
1.0818

0.9400
0.9783
1.0152
1.0508
1.0852

0.9439
0.9821
1.0188
1.0543
1.0886

0.9478
0.9858
1.0225
1.0578
1.0919

09517
0 9895
1.0260
10613
1.0953

39
38
36
35
34

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

1.0986
1.1314
1.1632
1.1939
1.2238

1.1019
1.1346
1.1663
1 .I969
1.2267

1.1053
1.1378
1.1694
1.2000
1.2296

1.1086
1.1410
1.1725
1.2030
1.2326

1.1119
1.1442
1.1756
1.2060
1.2355

1.1151
1.1474
1.1787
1.2090
1.2384

1.1184
1.1506
1.1817
1.2119
1.2413

1.1217
1.1537
1.1848
1.2149
1.2442

1 .I249
1.1569
1.1878
1.2179
1.2470

1.1282
1 1600
1.1909
1.2208
1.2499

33
32
31
30
29

3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

1.2528
1.2809
1.3083
1.3350
13610

1.2556
1.2837
13110
1.3376
13635

1.2585
1.2865
1.3137
1.3403
1.3661

1.2613
1.2892
13164
1.3429
13686

1.2641
1.2920
1.3191
1.3455
1.3712

1.2669
1.2947
13218
1.3481
13737

1.2698
1.2975
1.3244
1.3507
1.3762

1.2726
1.3002
1.3271
1.3533
1.3788

1.2754
1.3029
1.3297
1.3558
1.3813

1.2782
1.3056
1.3324
1.3584
1.3838

28
27
27
26
25

4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

1.3863
1.4110
1.4351
1.4586
1.4816

1.3888
1.4134
1.4375
1.4609
1.4839

1.3913
1.4159
1.4398
1.4633
1.4861

13938
1.4183
1.4422
1.4656
1.4884

1.3962
1.4207
1.4446
1.4679
1.4907

13987
1.4231
1.4469
1.4702
1.4929

1.4012
1.4255
1.4493
1.4725
1.4951

1.4036
1.4279
1.4516
1.4748
1.4974

1.4061
1.4303
1.4540
1.4770
1.4996

1.4085
1.4327
14563
1.4793
15019

25
24
23
23
22

4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9

1.5041
1.5261
1.5476
1.5686
1.5892

1.5063
1.5282
1.5497
1.5707
1.5913

1.5085
1.5304
1.5518
1.5728
1.5933

1.5107
1.5326
1.5539
1.5748
15953

1.5129
1.5347
1.5560
1.5769
1.5974

1.5151
1.5369
1.5581
1.5790
1.5994

1.5173
1.5390
1.5602
1.5810
1.6014

1.5195
1.5412
1.5623
1.5831
1.6034

1.5217
1.5433
1.5644
1.5851
1.6054

15239
1.5454
1.5665
1.5872
1.6074

22

5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

1.6094
1.6292
1.6487
1.6677
1.6864

1.6114
1.6312
1.6506
1.6696
1.6882

1.6134
1.6332
1.6525
1.6715
1.6901

1.6154
1.6351
1.6544
1.6734
1.6919

1.6174
1.6371
1.6563
1.6752
1.6938

1.6194
1.6390
1.6582
1.6771
1.6956

1.6214
1.6409
1.6601
1.6790
1.6974

1.6233
1.6429
1.6620
1.6808
1.6993

1.6253
1.6448
1.6639
1.6827
1.7011

1.6273
1.6467
1.6658
1.6845
1.7029

20
19
19
18
18

Number

;1
20
20

This table gives the naturalor Napierian logarithms(In)of numbers between 1 and 10, correctto four places. Moving
the decimal pointn places to the right(or left)
in the number isequivalentto adding R times 2 3026 (orn times 3.6974)
to the logarithm.Base e=2.71828+.
,nw=(2.3026,,og,,x,

,og,,x=(O4343),nx,

whete23026=ln

10 andO4343=log,:e

MATHEMATlCALTABLES&UNlTS&

TABLE

1.26 -NATURAL
n

LOGARITHMS'

(continued)

nf2.30261

n(0.6974-31

2.3026
4.6052
6.9078
9.2103
11.5129
13.8155
16.1181
18.4207
20.7233

0.6974-3
0.3948-5
0.0922- 7
0.7897-10
0.4871-12
0.1845-14
0.8819-17
0.5793-19
0.2767-21

Average
Difference

5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9

1.7047
1.7228
1.7405
1.7579
1.7750

1.7066
1.7246
1.7422
1.7596
1.7766

1.7084
1.7263
1.7440
1.7613
1.7783

1.7102
1.7281
1.7457
1.7630
1.7800

1.7120
1.7299
1.7475
1.7647
1.7817

1.7138
1.7317
1.7492
1.7664
1.7834

1.7156
1.7334
1.7509
1.7681
1.7851

1.7174
1.7352
1.7527
1.7699
1.7867

8
____
1.7192
1.7370
1.7544
1.7716
1.7884

6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4

1.7918
1.8083
1.8245
1.8405
1.8563

1.7934
1.8099
1.8262
1.8421
1.8579

1.7951
1.8116
1.8278
1.8437
1.8594

1.7967
1.8132
1.8294
1.8453
1.8610

1.7984
1.8148
1.8310
1.8469
1.8625

1.8001
1.8165
1.8326
1.8485
1.8641

1.8017
1.8181
1.8342
1.8500
1.8656

1.8034
1.8197
1.8358
1.8516
1.8672

1.8050
1.8213
1.8374
1.8532
1.8687

1.8066
1.8229
1.8390
1.8547
1.8703

16
16
16
16
15

6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9

1.8718
1.8871
1.9021
1.9169
1.9315

1.8733
1.8886
1.9036
1.9184
1.9330

1.8749
1.8901
1.9051
1.9199
1.9344

1.8764
1.8916
1.9066
1.9213
1.9359

1.8779
1.8931
1.9081
1.9228
1.9373

1.8795
1.8946
1.9095
1.9242
1.9387

1.8810
1.8961
1.9110
1.9257
1.9402

1.8825
1.8976
1.9125
1.9272
1.9416

1.8840
1.8991
1.9140
1.9286
1.9430

1.8856
1.9006
1.9155
1.9301
1.9445

15
15
15
15
14

7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4

1.9459
1.9601
1.9741
1.9879
2.0015

1.9473
1.9615
1.9755
1.9892
2.0028

1.9488
1.9629
1.9769
1.9906
2.0042

1.9502
1.9643
1.9782
1.9920
20055

1.9516
1.9657
1.9796
1.9933
2.0069

1.9530
1.9671
1.9810
1.9947
2.0082

1.9544
1.9685
1.9824
1.9961
2.0096

1.9559
1.9699
19838
1.9974
20109

1.9573
1.9713
1.9851
1.9988
2.0122

1.9587
1.9727
1 9865
2.0001
2.0136

14
14
14
13
13

7.5
7.6
77
78
79

2.0149
2.0281
2.0412
2.0541
2.0669

2.0162
2.0295
2.0425
2.0554
2.0681

2.0176
2.0308
2.0438
2.0567
2.0694

2.0189
2.0321
2.0451
2.0580
2.0707

2.0202
2.0334
2.0464
2.0592
2.0719

2.0215
2.0347
2.0477
2.0605
2.0732

2.0229
2.0360
2.0490
2.0618
2.0744

20242
2.0373
2.0503
2.0631
2.0757

2.0255
2.0386
2.0516
2.0643
2.0769

2.0268
2.0399
2.0528
2.0656
2.0782

13
13
13
13
12

8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4

2.0794
2.0919
2.1041
2.1163
2.1282

2.0807
2.0931
2.1054
2.1175
2.1294

2.0819
2.0943
2.1066
2.1187
2.1306

2.0832
2.0956
2.1078
2.1199
2.1318

2.0844
2.0966
2.1090
2.1211
2.1330

2.0857
2.0980
2.1102
2.1223
2.1342

2.0869
2.0992
2.1114
2.1235
2.1353

2.0882
2.1005
2.1126
2.1247
2.1365

2.0894
2.1017
2.1138
2.1258
2.1377

2.0906
2.1029
2.1150
2.1270
2.1389

12
12
12
12
12

8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9

2.1401
2.1518
2.1633
2.1748
2.1861

2.1412
2.1529
2.1645
2.1759
2.1872

2.1424
2.1541
2.1656
2.1770
2.1883

2.1436
2.1552
2.1668
2.1782
2.1894

2.1448
2.1564
2.1679
2.1793
2.1905

2.1459
2.1576
2.1691
2.1804
2.1917

2.1471
2.1587
2.1702
2.1815
2.1928

2.1483
2.1599
2.1713
2.1827
2.1939

2.1494
2.1610
2.1725
2.1838
2.1950

2.1506
2.1622
2.1736
2.1849
2.1961

12
12
11
11
11

9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

2.1972
2.2083
2.2192
2.2300
2.2407

2.1983
2.2094
2.2203
2.2311
2.2418

2.1994
2.2105
2.2214
2.2322
2.2428

2.2006
2.2116
2.2225
2.2332
2.2439

2.2017
2.2127
2.2235
2.2343
2.2450

2.2028
2.2138
2.2246
2.2354
2.2460

2.2039
2.2148
2.2257
2.2364
2.2471

2.2050
2.2159
2.2268
2.2375
2.2481

2.2061
2.2170
2.2279
2.2386
2.2492

2.2072
2.2181
2.2289
2.2396
2.2502

II
11
11
11
11

9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9

2.2513
2.2618
2.2721
2.2824
2.2925

2.2523
2.2628
2.2732
2.2834
2.2935

2.2534
2.2638
2.2742
2.2844
2.2946

2.2544
2.2649
2.2752
2.2854
2.2956

2.2555
2.2659
2.2762
2.2865
2.2966

2.2565
2.2670
2.2773
2.2875
2.2976

2.2576
2.2680
2.2783
2.2885
2.2986

2.2586
2.2690
2.2793
2.2895
2.2996

2.2597
2.2701
2.2803
2.2905
2.3006

2.2607
2.2711
2.2814
2.2915
2.3016

IO
IO
10
IO
10

10.0

2.3026

Number

1-57

SYSTEMSOFWElGHTS&MEASURES

1.7210
1.7387
1.7561
1.7733
1.7901

18
18
17
17
17

Thts table gives the naturalor Naprerian logarithms(In)of numbers between 1 and 10, correctto four places. Moving
the decimal porntn places to the right(or left)
In the number isequivalentto adding n times 2.3026 (orn times 3.6974)
to the logarithm.Base e=2 71828+
-In x=/2

3026) log .>x bg

,,x=(O 4343)ln x. where 2 3026=In

10 and 0 4343=log,,e

PETROLEUM

1-58

TABLE

1.27-HYPERBOLIC

SINES

ENGINEERING

HANDBOOK

[sinh x = Xte -e -)I

Average
Difference

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
04

0.0000
0 1002
0.2013
0.3045
0.4108

0.0100
0.1102
0.2115
0.3150
0.4216

0.0200
0.1203
0.2218
0.3255
0.4325

0.0300
0.1304
0.2320
0.3360
0.4434

0.0400
0.1405
0.2423
0.3466
0.4543

0.0500
0.1506
0.2526
0.3572
0.4653

0.0600
0.1607
0.2629
0.3678
0.4764

0.0701
0.1708
0.2733
0.3785
0.4875

0.0801
0.1810
0.2837
0.3892
0.4986

0.0901
0.1911
0.2941
0.4000
0.5098

100
101
103
106
110

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9

0.5211
0.6367
0.7586
0.8881
1.027

0.5324
0.6485
0.7712
0.9015
1.041

05438
0.6605
0.7838
0.9150
1055

0.5552
0.6725
0.7966
0.9286
1.070

0.5666
0.6846
0.8094
0.9423
1.085

0.5782
0.6967
0.8223
0.9561
1.099

0.5897
0.7090
0.8353
0.9700
1.114

0.6014
0.7213
0.8484
0.9840
1.129

0.6131
0.7336
0.8615
0.9981
1.145

0.6248
0.7461
0.8748
1.012
1.160

116
122
130
138
15

1 .o
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

1.175
1.336
1.509
1.698
1.904

1.191
1.352
1.528
1.718
1.926

1206
1369
1546
1.738
1948

1.222
1.386
1.564
1.758
1.970

1.238
1.403
1.583
1.779
1992

1.254
1.421
1.602
1.799
2.014

1.270
1.438
1.621
1.820
2.037

1.286
1.456
1.640
1.841
2.060

1.303
1.474
1.659
1.862
2.083

1.319
1.491
1.679
1.883
2.106

16
17
19
21
22

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

2.129
2.376
2 646
2 942
3 268

2.153
2401
2.674
2973
3303

2 177
2428
2 703
3.005
3 337

2.201
2.454
2 732
3.037
3372

2.225
2.481
2 761
3069
3.408

2.250
2.507
2.790
3.101
3.443

2.274
2.535
2820
3.134
3479

2.299
2.562
2.850
3.167
3.516

2.324
2.590
2.881
3.200
3.552

2.350
2.617
2.911
3.234
3.589

25
27
30
33
36

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

3 627
4.022
4457
4.937
5.466

3665
4.064
4.503
4.988
5.522

3 703
4.106
4549
5.039
5 578

3741
4.148
4.596
5.090
5.635

3.780
4 191
4643
5.142
5.693

3.820
4.234
4.691
5.195
5.751

3.859
4.278
4739
5.248
5810

3.899
4.322
4.780
5.302
5.869

3.940
4.367
4.837
5.356
5.929

3.981
4.412
4.887
5.411
5.989

39
44
48
53
58

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

6.050
6.695
7.406
8.192
9.060

6.112
6.763
7.481
8.275
9.151

6.174
6.831
7.557
8.359
9.244

6.237
6.901
7.634
8.443
9.337

6.300
6.971
7.711
8.529
9 431

6.365
7.042
7.789
8.615
9.527

6.429
7.113
7.868
8.702
9623

6.495
7.185
7.940
8.790
9.720

6.561
7.258
8.028
8.879
9.819

6.627
7.332
8.110
8.969
9.918

64
71
79
87
96

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3 4

10.02
11.08
12.25
13.54
14.97

10.12
11.19
12.37
13.67
15.12

10.22
11.30
12.49
13 81
15.27

10.32
11.42
12.62
13.95
15.42

10.43
11.53
12.75
14.09
15.58

10.53
1165
12.88
14.23
15.73

1064
11 76
13.01
14.38
15.89

10.75
11.88
13.14
14.52
16.05

10.86
12.00
13.27
14.67
16.21

10.97
12.12
13.40
14.82
1638

11
12
13
14
16

3.5
3.6
3.7
3 8
3.9

16.54
18.29
20.21
22.34
24.69

16.71
18.47
20.41
22.56
24.94

16.88
18.66
20.62
22.79
2519

17.05
18.84
20.83
2302
25.44

17.22
19.03
21.04
23.25
25.70

17.39
19.22
21 25
23.49
25.96

17.57
19.42
21 46
2372
26.22

17.74
19.61
21.68
23.96
26.48

17.92
19.81
21.90
24.20
26.75

18.10
20.01
22.12
24.45
27.02

17
19
21
24
26

4.0
4.1
42
43
4.4

27.29
30.16
33.34
36.84
40.72

27.56
30.47
33.67
37.21
41 13

27.64
30.77
34.01
3759
41.54

28.12
31.08
34.35
37.97
41.96

28.40
31.39
34.70
38.35
42 30

28.69
31.71
35.05
38.73
42.81

28.98
32.03
3540
39.12
43.24

29.27
32.35
35.75
39.52
43.67

29.56
32.68
36.11
39.91
44.11

29.86
33.00
36.48
4031
44.56

29
32
35
39
43

4.5
4 6
4.7
4.8
4.9

45.00
49.74
54.97
60.75
67.14

45.46
50.24
55.52
61.36
67.82

45.91
50.74
5608
61 98
68.50

4637
51.25
56.64
62.60
69.19

46.84
51.77
57.21
63.23
69.88

47.31
52.29
57.79
63.87
70.58

47.79
52.81
58.37
64 51
71 29

48.27
53.34
58.96
65.16
72.01

40.75
53.88
59.55
65.81
72.73

49.24
54.42
60.15
67.47
73.46

47
52
58
64
71

5.0

74.20

MATHEMATIC

:AL TAB1 -ES&UNlTS&SYSTEMSOFWElGHTS&

TABLE

MEASURES

1.28-HYPERBOLIC

COSINES

I-59

[cash x,=M(e*

+e-)I

Average
Difference

0.0
01
0.2
0.3
0.4

1.000
1.005
1.020
1.045
1.081

1.000
1.006
1.022
1.048
1.085

1 .ooo
1.007
1.024
1.052
1.090

1.000
1.008
1.027
1.055
1 094

1.0011.010
1.029
1.058
1.098

1.001
1.011
1.031
1.062
1.103

1.002
1.013
1.034
1.066
1.108

1.002
1.014
1.037
1.069
1.112

1.003
1.016
1.039
1.073
1.117

1.004
1.018
1.042
1.077
1.122

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9

1.128
1.185
1.255
1.337
1.433

1.133
1.192
1.263
1.346
1.443

1.138
1.198
1.271
1.355
1.454

1.144
1.205
1.278
1.365
1.465

1.149
1.212
1.287
1.374
1.475

1.155
1.219
1.295
1.384
1.486

1.161
1.226
1.303
1.393
1.497

1.167
1.233
1.311
1.403
1.509

1.173
1.240
1.320
1.413
1.520

1.179
1.248
1.329
1.423
1.531

;
10
11

1 .o
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

1.543
1.669
1.811
1.971
2.151

1.555
1.682
1.826
1.988
2.170

1.567
1.696
1.841
2.005
2.189

1.579
1.709
1.857
2.023
2.209

1.591
1.723
1.872
2.040
2.229

1.604
1.737
1.888
2.058
2.249

1.616
1.752
1.905
2.076
2.269

1.629
1.766
1.921
2.095
2.290

1.642
1.781
1.937
2.113
2.310

1.655
1.796
1.954
2.132
2.331

13
14
16
18
20

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

2.352
2.577
2.828
3.107
3.418

2 374
2.601
2.855
3.137
3.451

2.395
2.625
2.882
3.167
3.484

2.417
2.650
2.909
3.197
3.517

2.439
2.675
2.936
3.228
3.551

2.462
2.700
2.964
3.259
3.585

2.484
2.725
2.992
3.290
3.620

2.507
2.750
3.021
3.321
3.655

2.530
2.776
3.049
3.353
3.690

2.554
2.802
3.078
3.385
3.726

23
25
28
31
34

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

3.762
4.144
4.568
5.037
5.557

3.799
4.185
4.613
5.087
5.612

3.835
4.226
4.658
5.137
5.667

3.873
4.267
4.704
5.188
5.723

3.910
4.309
4.750
5.239
5.780

3.948
4.351
4.797
5.290
5.837

3.987
4.393
4.844
5.343
5.895

4.026
4.436
4.891
5.395
5.954

4.065
4.480
4.939
5.449
6.013

4.104
4.524
4.988
5.503
6.072

38
42
47
52
58

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

6.132
6.769
7.473
8.253
9.115

6.193
6.836
7.548
8.335
9.206

6.255
6.904
7.623
8.418
9.298

6.317
6.973
7.699
8.502
9.391

6.379
7.042
7.776
8.587
9.484

6.443
7.112
7.853
8.673
9.579

6.507
7.183
7.932
8.759
9.675

6.571
7.255
8.011
8.847
9.772

6.636
7.327
a.091
8.935
9.869

6.702
7.400
a.171
9.024
9.968

64
70
78
86
95

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

10.07
11.12
12.29
13.57
15.00

10.17
11.23
12.41
13.71
15.15

10.27
11.35
12.53
13.85
15.30

10.37
11.46
12.66
13.99
15.45

10.48
11.57
12.79
14.13
15.61

10.58
11.69
12.91
14.27
15.77

10.69
11.81
13.04
14.41
15.92

10.79
11.92
13.17
14.56
16.08

10.90
12.04
13.31
14.70
16.25

11.01
12.16
13.44
14.85
16.41

11
12
13
14
16

3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

16.57
18.31
20.24
22.36
24.71

16.74
18.50
20.44
22.59
24.96

16.91
18.68
2064
22.81
2521

17.08
18.87
20.85
23.04
25.46

17.25
19.06
21.06
23.27
25.72

17.42
19.25
21.27
23.51
25.98

17.60
19.44
21.49
23.74
26.24

17.77
19.64
21.70
23.98
26.50

17.95
19.84
21.92
24.22
26.77

la.13
20.03
22.14
24.47
27.04

17
19
21
23
26

4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

27.31
30.18
33.35
36.86
40.73

27.58
30.48
33.69
37.23
41.14

27.86
30.79
3402
3760
41 55

28.14
31.10
34.37
3798
41.97

28.42
31 41
34 71
3836
4239

28.71
31.72
35.06
38.75
42.82

29.00
3204
3541
39.13
4325

29.29
32.37
35.77
39.53
43.68

29.58
32.69
36.13
39.93
44.12

29.88
33.02
36.49
40.33
44.57

29
32
35
39
43

4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9

45.01
49.75
54.98
60 76
67.15

45.47
50.25
55.53
61 37
67.82

4592
5075
56.09
61 99
68.50

46.38
51.26
56.65
62.61
69.19

46.85
51 78
57.22
63.24
69 a9

47.32
52.30
57.80
63.87
70.59

4780
5282
58.38
64.52
71.30

48.28
57.35
58.96
65.16
72.02

48.76
57.89
59.56
65.82
72.74

49.25
54.43
60.15
66.48
73.47

47
52
58
64
71

5.0

74.21

I-60

PETROLEUM

TABLE

1.29-HYPERBOLIC

TANGENTS

[tanh x = (e - e -)/(e+ e -) = sinh xkosh

Average
Difference

0.0699
0.1684
0.2636
0.3540
0.4382

0.0798
01781
0.2729
0.3827
0.4462

0.0898
0.1878
0.2821
0.3714
0.4542

100
98
94
89
82

0.5080
0.5784
0.6411
0.6963
0.7443

0.5154
0.5850
0.6469
0.7014
0.7487

05227
0.5915
0.6527
0.7064
0.7531

0.5299
0.5980
0.6584
0.7114
0.7574

75
67
60
52
45

0.7818
0.8178
0.8483
0.8741
0.8957

0.7857
0.8210
0.8511
0.8764
0.8977

0.7895
0.8243
0.8538
0.8787
0.8996

0.7932
0.8275
0.8565
0.8810
0.9015

0.7969
0.8306
0.8591
0.8832
0.9033

39
33
28
24
20

0.9121
0 9275
0.9402
0.9508
0.9595

0.9138
0.9289
0.9414
0.9518
0.9603

0.9154
0.9302
0.9425
0.9527
0.9611

0.9170
0.9316
0.9436
0.9536
0.9619

0.9186
0.9329
0.9447
0.9545
0.9626

0.9202
0.9342
0.9458
0.9554
0.9633

17
14
11
9
8

0.9661
0.9722
0.9771
0.9812
0.9846

0 9668
0.9727
0.9776
0.9816
0 9849

0.9674
0.9732
0.9780
0.9820
0.9852

0.9680
0.9738
0.9785
0.9823
0.9855

0.9687
0.9743
0.9789
0.9827
0.9858

0.9693
0.9748
0.9793
0.9830
0.9861

0.9699
0.9753
0.9797
0.9834
0.9863

0.9871
0.9895
0.9914
0.9929
0.9942

0.9874
0.9897
0.9915
0.9931
0.9943

09876
09899
0.9917
0.9932
0.9944

0.9879
0.9901
0.9919
0.9933
0.9945

0.9881
0.9903
0.9920
0.9935
0.9946

0.9884
0.9905
0.9922
0.9936
0.9947

0.9886
0.9906
0.9923
0.9937
0.9949

0.9888
0.9908
0.9925
0.9938
0.9950

0.9967
0.9996

0.9973
0.9996

0.9978
0.9997

0.9982
0.9998

0.9985
0.9998

0.9988
0.9998

0.9990
0.9999

0.9992
0.9999

0.0100
0.1096
0.2070
0.3004
0.3885

0.0200
0.1194
0.2165
0.3095
0.3969

0.0300
0.1293
0.2260
0.3185
0.4053

0.0400
0.1391
0.2355
03275
04137

0.0500
0.1489
0.2449
0.3364
0.4219

0.0599
0.1587
0.2543
0.3452
0.4301

0.4621
0.5370
0.6044
0.6640
0.7163

0.4700
0.5441
0.6107
0.6696
0.7211

0.4777
0.5511
0.6169
0.6751
0 7259

0.4854
0.5581
0.6231
0.6805
0.7306

0 4930
0.5649
0.6291
0.6858
0.7352

0.5005
0.5717
0.6352
0.6911
0.7398

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

07616
0.8005
0.8337
0.8617
0.8854

0.7658
0.8041
0.8367
0.8643
0.8875

0.7699
0.8076
0.8397
0.8668
0.8896

0.7739
0.8110
0.8426
0.8693
0.8917

0.7779
0.8144
0.8455
0.8717
0.8937

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

0.9052
0.9217
0.9354
0.9468
09562

0.9069
0.9232
0.9367
0.9478
0.9571

0.9087
0.9246
0.9379
0.9488
0.9579

0.9104
0.9261
0.9391
0.9498
0.9587

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

0.9640
0.9705
0 9757
0 9801
0 9837

0.9647
0.9710
0.9762
0.9805
0.9840

0.9654
0.9716
0.9767
0.9809
0.9843

2.5
2.6
2.7
28
2.9

0 9866
0 9890
0 9910
09926
0.9940

0.9869
0.9892
0.9912
0.9928
0.9941

3.0 0.9951
4.0 0.9993
5.0 0.9999

0.9959
0.9995

0.0
0.1
0 2
0.3
0.4

0.0000
0.0997
0.1974
0.2913
0.3800

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0 9

x]

HANDBOOK

ENGINEERING

TABLE

1 JO-MULTIPLES

OF 0.4343 (0.43429448 =

109roe)

0.0
1 .o
2.0
3.0
4.0

0.0000
0.4343
0.8686
1.3029
1.7372

0.0434
0.4777
0.9120
1.3463
1.7806

0.0869
0.5212
0.9554
1.3897
1.8240

0.1303
0.5646
0.9989
14332
1.8675

0.1737
0.6080
1.0423
1.4766
1.9109

0.2171
0.6514
1.0857
1.5200
1.9543

0.2606
0.6949
1.1292
1.5635
1.9978

0.3040
0.7383
1.1726
1.6069
2.0412

0.3474
0.7817
1.2160
1.6503
2.0846

0.3909
0.8252
1.2595
1.6937
2.1280

5.0
6.0
70
80
9.0

2.1715
2.6058
3.0401
3.4744
3.9087

2.2149
2.6492
3.0835
3.5178
3.9521

2.2583
2.6926
3.1269
3.5612
3.9955

2.3018
2.7361
3.1703
3.6046
40389

2.3452
2.7795
3.2138
3.6481
4.0824

2.3886
2.8229
3.2572
3.6915
4.1258

2.4320
2.8663
3.3006
3.7349
4.1692

2.4755
2.9098
33441
3.7784
4.2127

2.51a9
2.9532
3.3875
3.8218
4.2561

2.5623
2.9966
3.4309
3.8652
4.2995

TABLE
Y

0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
90

0
0.0000
23026
4.6052
6.9078
9.2103
11 513
13.816
16.118
18421
20.723

1
0.2303
2.5328
4.8354
7.1380
9.4406
11.743
14046
16.348
18651
20.954

1.31-MULTIPLES
2
0.4605
2.7631
5.0657
7.3683
9.6709
11.973
14.276
16.579
la.881
21.184

3
0.6908
2.9934
5.2959
75985
9 9011
12.204
14.506
16 809
19111
21 414

OF 2.3026 (2.3025851 =In,, = 110.4343)

4

0.9210
3.2236
5.5262
7.8288
10.131

1.1513
3.4539
5.7565
8.0590
10.362

1.3816
3.6841
59867
8.2893
10.592

1.6118
3.9144
6.2170
8.5196
10.822

1.8421
4.1447
6.4472
8.7498
11.052

2.0723
4.3749
6.6775
8.9801
11 283

12.434
14.737
17039
19342
21.644

12.664
14967
17269
19572
21 875

12.894
15.197
17.500
19.802
22.105

13.125
15.427
17.730
20.032
22.335

13.355
15.658
17.960
20.263
22.565

13585
15.888
18.190
20.493
22.796

MATHEMATlCALTABLES&

TABLE

UNlTS&SYSTEMSOFWElGHTS&

1.32-STANDARD
OFRESIDUALS
a/r

yin

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4

0.000
0.054
0.107
0.160
0.213

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9

0264
0.314
0 363
0.411
0 456

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

0.500
0.542
0.582
0.619
0.655

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

0.688
0.719
0748
0.775
0.800

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

0823
0.843
0 862
0.879
0.895

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

0.908
0 921
0.931
0.941
0.950

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

TABLE1.33-FACTORS
FORCOMPUTING
PROBABLEERROR

DISTRIBUTION

Peters

Bessel

Difference
0.6745

54
53
53
53
51

I-61

MEASURES

n/2
2
3
4

W)

0.6745
\l;r(n-1)

0.8453
~~)

0.8453

nm

0.6745
0.4769
0.3894

0.4769
0.2754
0.1947

0.5978
0.3451
0.2440

04227
01993
0.1220

5
6
7
a
9

0.3372
0.3016
0.2754
0.2549
0.2385

0.1508
0.1231
0.1041
0.0901
0.0795

0.1890
0.1543
0.1304
0.1130
0.0996

0.0845
00630
0 0493
0 0399
00332

42
40
37
36
33

IO
11
12
13
14

0.2248
0.2133
0.2034
0.1947
o.la7l

0.0711
0.0643
0.0587
0.0540
0.0500

0.0891
0.0806
0.0736
0.0677
0.0627

00282
00243
0.0212
00188
00167

31
29
27
25
23

15
16
17
ia
19

0.1803
0.1742
0.1686
0.1636
0.1590

0.0465
0.0435
0.0409
0.0386
0.0365

0.0583
0.0546
0.0513
0.0483
0.0457

00151
00136
00124
00114
00105

20
19
17
16
13

20
21
22
23
24

0.1547
0.1508
0.1472
0.1438
0.1406

0.0346
0.0329
0.0314
0.0300
0.0287

0.0434
0.0412
0.0393
0.0376
0.0360

0 0097
0 0090
00084
00078
0.0073

13
10
IO
9
7

25
26
27
28
29

0.1377
0.1349
0.1323
0.1298
0.1275

0.0275
0.0265
0.0255
0.0245
0.0237

0.0345
0.0332
0.0319
0.0307
0.0297

0 0069
00065
00061
00058
00055

0.957
0.963
0 969
0.974
0 978

30
31
32
z:

0.1252
0.1231
0.1211
0.1192
0.1174

0.0229
0.0221
0.0214
0.0208
0.0201

0.0287
0.0277
0.0268
0.0260
0.0252

00052
00050
00047
00045
0.0043

3.5
36
3.7
38
3.9

0 982
0985
0 987
0990
0991

35
36
37
38
39

01157
0.1140
0.1124
0.1109
0.1094

0.0196
0.0190
0.0185
0.0180
0.0175

0.0245
0.0238
0.0232
0.0225
0.0220

00041
00040
00038
00037
00035

4.0

0993

5.0

0.999

40
45

0.1080
0.1017

0.0171
0.0152

0.0214
0.0190

00034
00028

50
55

0.0964
0.0918

0.0136
0.0124

0.0171
0.0155

0.0024
0.0021

60
65

0.0878
0.0843

0.0113
0.0105

0.0142
0.0131

00018
0.0016

70
75

0.0812
0.0784

0.0097
0.0091

0.0122
0.0113

00015
0.0013

a0
a5

0.0759
0.0736

0.0085
0.0080

0.0106
0.0100

0.0012
0.0011

90
95

0.0715
0.0696

0.0075
0.0071

0.0094
0.0089

0.0010
0.0009

100

0.0678

0.0068

0.0085

0.0008

50
49
48
45
44

a = any positivequantity,
y = number of residualsthat are
numericallysmaller than 1,
r = probable errorof a single
observation.and
n = number of observations.

1-62

PETROLEUM

TABLE1.34-COMPOUND INTEREST-AMOUNTOFAGIVEN

ENGINEERING

PRINCIPAL

The amount A at the end of n years of a given principalP placed at compound Interesttoday
isA = Px xor A = Px yorA = P xz,according asiheinterest(attherateofipercentperannum)
iscompounded annually,semtannually,or quarterly;
the factorx or yorz being taken from the
followingtables.
Values of x-Interest Compounded

4'12

2'/2

3'12

1.0200
1.0404
1.0612
1.0824

1.0250
1.0506
1.0769
1.1038

1.0300
1.0609
1.0927
11255

1.0350
1.0712
1.1087
1.1475

1.0400
1.0816
1.1249
1.1699

10450
1.0920
1.1412
1.1925

1.0500
1.1025
1.1576
1.2155

1.0600
1.1236
1.1910
1.2625

1.0700
1.1449
12250
1.3108

8
9

1.1041
1.1262
1.1487
1.1717
11951

1.1314
1.1597
1.1887
1.2184
1.2489

1.1593
1.1941
1.2299
12668
13048

1.1877
1.2293
1.2723
1.3168
1.3629

1.2167
1.2653
1.3159
1.3686
1.4233

1.2462
1.3023
1.3609
1.4221
14861

1.2763
1.3401
1.4071
1.4775
1.5513

1.3382
1.4185
1.5036
1.5938
1.6895

1.4026
1.5007
1.6058
1.7182
1.8385

10
11
12
13
14

1.2190
1.2434
1.2682
1.2936
1.3195

1.2801
1.3121
1.3449
1.3785
1.4130

13439
1.3842
14258
14685
15126

1.4106
1.4600
1.5111
1.5640
1.6187

1.4802
1.5395
1.6010
1.6651
1.7317

1.5530
1.6229
1.6959
1.7722
1.8519

1.6289
1.7103
1.7959
1.8856
1.9799

1.7908
1.8983
2.0122
2.1329
2.2609

1.9672
2.1049
22522
2.4098
2.5785

15
16
17
18
19

1.3459
1.3728
1.4002
1.4282
1.4568

1.4483
1.4845
1.5216
1.5597
1.5987

15580
1.6047
1.6528
1.7024
1.7535

1.6753
1.7340
1.7947
18575
1.9225

1.8009
1.8730
1.9479
2.0258
2.1068

1.9353
2.0224
2.1134
2.2085
2.3079

2.0789
2.1829
2.2920
2.4066
2.5270

2.3966
2.5404
2.6928
2.8543
3.0256

2.7590
2.9522
3.1588
3.3799
3.6165

20
25
30

1.4859
1.6406
1.8114

1.6386
1.8539
2.0976

1.8061
20938
2.4273

1.9898
2.3632
2.8068

2.1911
2.6658
3.2434

2.4117
3.0054
3.7453

2.6533
3.3864
4.3219

3.2071
4.2919
5.7435

3.8697
5.4274
7.6123

40
50
60

2.2080
2.6916
3.2810

2.6851
3.4371
4.3998

32620
43839
5.8916

3.9593
5.5849
7.8781

4.8010
7.1067
10.520

5.8164
9.0326
14.027

7.0400
11.467
18.679

Years

This table IS computed

from the formula

10.286
18.420
32.988

14.974
29.457
57.946

Y= 1 +(!/lClO)

Values of y-interest Compounded

Semiannually: A = Pxy

4%

2'/2

1.0201
1.0406
1.0615
1.0829

1.0252
1.0509
1.0774
1.1045

1.0302
1.0614
1.0934
1.1265

1.0353
1.0719
1.1097
1.1489

1.0404
1.0824
1.1282
1.1717

1.0455
1.0931
1.1428
1.1948

1.0506
1.1038
1.1597
12184

1.0609
I.1255
1.1941
1.2668

1.0712
1.1475
1.2293
1.3168

5
6
7
8
9

1.1046
1.1268
1.1495
1.1728
1.1961

1.1323
1.1608
1.1900
1.2199
1.2506

1.1605
1.1956
1.2318
1.2690
1.3073

1.1894
1.2314
1.2749
1.3199
1.3665

1.2190
1.2682
1.3195
1.3728
1.4282

1.2492
1.3060
1.3655
1.4276
1.4926

1.2801
1.3449
1.4130
1.4845
1.5597

1.3439
1.4258
1.5126
1.6047
17024

1.4106
1.5111
1.6187
1.7340
1.8575

IO
11
12
13
14

1.2202
1.2447
2.2697
1.2953
1.3213

1.2820
1.3143
1.3474
1.3812
1.4160

1.3469
1.3876
1.4295
1.4727
1.5172

1.4148
1.4647
1.5164
1.5700
1.6254

1.4859
1.5480
1.6084
1.6734
1.7410

1.5605
1.6315
1.7058
1.7834
1.8645

16386
1.7216
18087
1.9003
1.9965

1.8061
1.9161
2.0328
2.1566
2.2879

1.9898
2.1315
2.2833
2.4460
2.6202

15
16
17
18
19

1.3478
1.3749
1.4026
1.4308
1.4595

1.4516
1.4881
1.5256
1.5639
1.6033

1.5631
1.6103
1.6590
1.7091
1.7608

1.6828
1.7422
1.8037
1.8674
1.9333

1.8114
1.8845
1.9607
2.0399
2.1223

1.9494
2.0381
2.1308
2.2278
2.3292

2.0976
2.2038
2.3153
2.4325
2.5557

2.4273
2.5751
2.7319
2.8983
3.0748

2.8068
3.0067
3.2209
3.4503
3.6960

20
25
30

1.4889
1.6446
1.8167

1.6436
1.8610
2.1072

1.8140
2.1052
2.4432

2.0016
2.3808
2.8318

2.2080
2.6916
3.2810

2.4352
3.0420
3.8001

2.6851
3.4371
4.3998

3.2620
4.3839
5.8916

3.9593
5.5849
7.8781

40
50
60

2.2167
2.7048
3.3004

2.7015
3.4634
4.4402

3.2907
4.4320
5.9693

4.0064
5.6682
8.0192

4.8754
7.2446
10.765

5.9301
9.2540
14.441

This table IS computed

3%

i=2

1
2
3
4

Years
~

Annually:A=Pxx

from the formula y = t + (WOO)

7.2096
11.814
19.358

10.641
19.219
34.711

15.676
31.191
62.064

HANDBOOK

MATHEMATlCALTABLES8,

TABLE

UNITS&

SYSTEMSOF

1.34-COMPOUND

WEIGHTS

& MEASURES

INTEREST-AMOUNT

Values of z--InterestCompounded

OF

1-63

A GIVEN

PRINCIPAL

(continued)

Quarterly:A=Pxz'

1=2

2112

1.0202
1.0407
1.0617
1.0831

1.0252
1.0511
1.0776
1.1048

10303
1.0616
10938
1 1270

1.0355
1.0722
1.1102
1.1496

1.0406
1.0829
1.1268
1.1726

1.0458
1.0936
1.1437
1.1960

1.0509
1.1045
1.1608
1.2199

1.0614
1.1265
1.1956
1.2690

1.0719
1.1489
1.2314
1.3199

8
9

1.1049
1.1272
1.1499
1 1730
1.1967

1.1327
1 1613
1.1906
12206
12514

1.1612
11964
1.2327
12701
1.3086

1.1903
12326
1.2763
1.3215
1.3684

12202
1.2697
1.3213
1.3749
1.4308

1.2508
1.3080
1.3679
14305
1.4959

1.2820
1.3474
1.4160
1.4881
1.5639

1.3469
1.4295
1.5172
1.6103
1.7091

1.4146
1.5164
1.6254
1.7422
1.8674

10
11
12
13
14

1.2208
1.2454
1.2705
1.2961
1.3222

1.2830
13154
1.3486
1.3826
14175

1.3483
13893
14314
14748
1.5196

1.4169
14672
1.5192
1.5731
1.6288

1.4889
1.5493
1.6122
16777
1.7458

1.5644
1.6360
1.7108
1.7891
1.8710

1.6436
1.7274
1.8154
1.9078
2.0050

1.8140
1.9253
2.0435
2.1689
2.3020

2.0016
2.1454
2.2996
2.4648
2.6420

15
16
17
18
19

1.3489
1.3760
1.4038
1.4320
1.4609

1.4533
1.4900
1.5276
1.5661
1.6056

1.5657
1.6132
1.6621
17126
17645

1.6866
1.7464
1.8063
1.8725
1.9389

1.8167
1.8905
1.9672
2.0471
2.1302

1.9566
2.0462
2.1398
22378
2.3402

2.1072
22145
2.3274
2.4459
2.5705

2.4432
2.5931
2.7523
2.9212
3.1004

2.8318
3.0353
3.2534
3.4872
3.7378

20
25
30

1.4903
1.6467
18194

1.6462
1.8646
2.1121

1 8180
2.1111
2.4514

2.0076
23898
28446

2.2167
2.7048
3.3004

2.4473
3.0609
3.8285

2.7015
3 4634
4.4402

3.2907
4.4320
5.9693

4.0064
5.6682
8.0192

40
50
60

2.2211
27115
3.3102

2.7098
3.4768
44608

3.3053
4.4567
6.0092

4.0306
5.7110
8.0919

49138
7.3160
10893

5.9892
9.3693
14.657

7.2980
11.995
19.715

Years
2
4
5
6

'Th,s table IS compuled

3%

4%

10.828
19.643
35.633

16051
32.128
64.307

from ,he formula z= 1 +(,,400)111

TABLE

1.35-AMOUNT

OF AN ANNUITY

The amount S accumulated at the end of n years by a given annual payment Y set aside at the end of
each year is S= Yx v. where the factor\Iis taken from the followingtable.(Interest
at i percent per
annum, compounded annually)
Values of V*
Years

3%

4'h

7.

r=2

2%

10000
20200
30604
41216

10000
20250
3.0756
4.1525

1.0000
2.0300
3.0909
41836

1.0000
2.0350
3 1062
4.2149

10000
2 0400
3.1216
4.2465

10000
20450
3.1370
4.2782

1 0000
20500
3.1525
4.3101

1.0000
2.0600
3.1836
4.3746

1.0000
2.0700
3.2149
4.4399

52040
63081
74343
85830
9.7546

5.2563
6.3877
7.5474
87361
9 9545

5.3091
64684
7.6625
8.8923
10.159

53625
65502
7.7794
90517
10368

5.4163
66330
7.8983
9.2142
10.583

5.4707
6.7169
8.0192
9.3800
10.802

55256
6.8019
8.1420
9.5491
11.027

5.6371
6.9753
8.3938
9 8975
11.491

5.7507
7.1533
8.6540
10260
11.978

10
11
12
13
14

10.950
12169
13.412
14.680
15974

11.203
12.483
13.796
15.140
16519

11.464
12808
14192
15.618
17086

11 731
13.142
14602
16113
17677

12006
13.486
15026
16627
18 292

12.288
13.841
15.464
17.160
18.932

12.578
14.207
15.917
17.713
19.599

13.181
14972
16870
18882
21 015

13.816
15784
17888
20.141
22550

15
16
17
18
19

17293
18639
20012
21 412
22.841

17.932
19.380
20.865
22386
23.946

18599
20157
21 762
23.414
25.117

19296
20971
22705
24500
26357

20024
21.825
23 698
25.645
27.671

20.784
22.719
24.742
26.855
29.064

21 579
23.657
25840
28.132
30.539

23276
25673
28213
30906
33 760

25129
27.668
30840
33.999
37.379

20
25
30

24297
32030
40568

25545
34.158
43.903

26 870
36.459
47.575

28280
38950
51 623

29.778
41.646
56.085

31 371
44.565
61.007

33.066
47.727
66.439

36786
54865
79058

40.995
63249
94461

40
50
60

60.402
84.579
11405

75.401
112.80
163.05

84.550
131 00
19652

95.026
152.67
237.99

67403
97484
135.99

107.03
17850
289 50

120.80
209.35
353.58

154.76
290.34
533.13

19964
406.53
81352

1-64

PETROLEUM

TABLE

1.36-PRINCIPAL

AMOUNTING

TO A GIVEN

ENGINEERING

SUM

The pnncipal P whrch. tfplaced at compound interesttoday, willamount to a given sum A at the
end ofn years ISP=A xx'or P=A xy'or P= A xz', according as the interest
(atthe rateof i percent
per annum)is compounded annually,semiannually,orquarterly;
thefactorx'or y'orz'beingtaken
from the followingtables.
Values of x,-InterestCompounded

Annually:P=A

xx
5

0.98039
0.96117
0 94232
0.92385

0.97561
0.95181
0.92860
0.90595

0 97087
0 94260
091514
0 88849

0.96618
0.93351
0.90194
0.87144

0.96154
0.92456
0.88900
0.85480

0.95694
0.91573
0.87630
0.83856

0.95238
0.90703
0.86384
0.82270

0.94340
0.89000
0.83962
0.79209

0.93458
0.87344
0.81630
0.76290

0 90573
0.88797
0.87056
0.85349
0.83676

0.88385
0.86230
0.84127
0.82075
0.80073

0.86261
083748
0 81309
0.78941
0.76642

0.84197
0.81350
0.78599
0.75941
0.73373

0.82193
0.79031
0.75992
0.73069
0.70259

0.80245
0.76790
0.73483
0.70319
0.67290

0.78353
074622
0.71068
067684
0.64461

0.74726
0.70496
0.66506
0.62741
0.59190

0.71299
0.66634
0.62275
0.58201
0.54393

10
11
12
13
14

0.82035
0.80426
0.78849
0.77303
0.75788

0.78120
076214
0.74356
0.72542
0.70773

0.74409
0.72242
0.70138
0.68095
0.66112

0.70892
068495
0.66178
0.63940
0.61778

0.67556
0.64958
0.62460
0.60057
0.57748

0.64393
0.61620
0.58966
0.56427
0.53997

0.61391
0.58468
0.55684
0.53032
0.50507

0.55839
0.52679
0.49697
0.46884
0.44230

0.50835
0.47509
0.44401
0.41496
0.38783

15
16
17
18
19

0.74301
0.72845
0.71416
0.70016
0.68643

0.69047
0.67362
0.65720
0.64117
0.62553

0.64186
0.62317
0.60502
0.58739
0.57029

0.59689
0.57671
0.55720
0.53839
0.52016

0.55526
0.53391
0.51337
0.49363
0.47464

0.51672
0.49447
0.47318
0.45280
0.43330

0.48102
0.45811
0.43630
0.41552
0.39573

0.41727
0.39365
0.37136
0.35034
0.33051

0.36245
0.33873
0.31657
0.29586
0.27651

20
25
30

0.67297
0.60953
0.55207

0 61027
0.53939
0.47674

0.55368
0.47761
0.41199

0.50257
0.42315
0.35628

0.45639
0.37512
0.30832

0.41464
0.33273
0.26700

0.37689
0 29530
0.23138

0.31180
0.23300
0.17411

0.25842
0.18425
0.13137

40
50
60

0.45289
0.37153
0 30478

0.37243
0.29094
0.22728

0.30656
0.22811
0.16973

0.25257
0.17905
0.12693

0.20829
0.14071
0.09506

0.17193
0.11071
0.07129

0.14205
0.08720
0.05354

0.09722
0.05429
0.03031

0.06678
0.03395
0.01726

Years

i=2

2%

Values of y'-InterestCompounded
Years

3%

4%

Semiannually: P=Axy

i=2

2%

1
2
3
4

0.98030
0.96098
0.94205
0.92348

0.97546
0.95152
0.92817
0.90540

097066
094218
0.91454
0.88771

0.96590
0.93296
0 90114
0 87041

0.96117
0.92385
0.88797
0.85349

0.95647
0.91484
0.87502
0.83694

0.95181
0.90595
0.86230
0.82075

0.94260
0.88849
0.83748
0.78941

0.93351
0.87144
0.81350
0.75941

5
6
7
8
9

0.90529
0.88745
0.86996
0.85282
0.83602

0.88318
0.86151
0.84037
0.81975
0.79963

0.86167
0.83639
0.81185
0.78803
0.76491

0 84073
0 81206
0 78436
0.75762
0 73178

0.82035
0.77849
0.75788
0.72845
0.70016

0.80051
0.76567
0.73234
0.70047
0.66998

0.78120
0.74356
0.70773
0.67362
0.64117

0.74409
0.70138
0.66112
062317
0 58739

0.70892
0.66178
0.61778
0.57671
0.53836

10
11
12
13
14

0.81954
0.80340
0.78757
077205
0.75684

0.78001
0.76087
0.74220
0.72398
0.70622

0.74247
0.72069
0.69954
0.67902
0.65910

0.70682
0.68272
0.65944
0 63695
061523

0.67297
0.64684
0.62172
0.59758
0.57437

0.64082
0.61292
0.58625
0.56073
0.53632

0.61027
0.58086
0.55288
0.52623
0.50088

055368
052189
049193
0 46369
043708

0.50257
0.46915
0.43796
0.40884
0.38165

15
16
17
18
19

0.74192
0.72730
0.71297
069892
0.68515

0.68889
0.67198
0.65549
0.63941
0.62372

0.63976
0.62099
0.60277
058509
056792

0 59425
0 57398
0 55441
0.53550
051724

0.55207
0.53063
0.51003
0.49022
0.47119

0.51298
0.49065
0.46930
0.44887
0.42933

0.47674
045377
0.43191
0.41109
0.39128

041199
038834
0.36604
0.34503
0.32523

0.35628
0 33259
0.31048
0.28983
0.27056

20
25
30

0.67165
060804
055045

0.60841
0.53734
0.47457

0 55126
047500
040930

0.49960
042003
035313

0.45289
0.37153
030478

0.41065
032873
0.26315

0.37243
0.29094
0.22728

0.30656
0.22811
0.16973

0.25257
0.17905
0.12693

40
50
60

0.45112
0.36971
0.30299

0.37017
0.28873
0.22521

0 30389
0 22563
016752

0.24960
0.17642
0.12470

0.20511
0.13803
0.09289

0.16863
0.10806
0.06925

0.13870
0.08465
005166

0.09398
0.05203
002881

0.06379
0.03206
001611

3%

4%

HANDBOOK

MATHEMATICALTABLES

& UNITS

TABLE

&SYSTEMS

OF WEIGHTS

1.36-PRINCIPAL

Values of z-InterestComoounded

1-65

& MEASURES

AMOUNTING

Quarterlv:P=A

TO A GIVEN

SUM

(continued)

xz*

i=2

2%

4%

1
2
3
4

0.98025
0.96089
0.94191
0.92330

0.97539
0.95138
0.92796
0.90512

0.97055
0.94198
0.91424
0.88732

0.96575
0.93266
0.90074
0.86989

0.96098
0.92348
0.88745
0.85282

0.95624
0.91439
0.87437
0.83611

0.95152
0.90540
0.86151
0.81975

0.94218
0.88771
0.83639
0.78803

0.93296
0.87041
0.81206
0.75762

5
6
7
8
9

0.90506
0.88719
0.86966
0.85248
0.83564

0.88284
0.86111
0.83991
0.81924
0.79908

086119
0.83583
0.81122
0.78733
0.76415

0.84010
0.81132
0 78354
0 75670
0 73079

0.81954
0.78757
0.75684
0.72730
0.69892

0.79952
0.78453
0.73107
0.89908
0.66849

0.78001
0.74220
0.70622
0.87198
0.63941

074247
0.69954
0.65910
0.62099
0.58509

0.70682
0.65944
0.61523
0.57390
0.53550

IO
11
12
13
14

0.81914
0.80296
0.78710
0.77155
0.75631

0.77941
0.76022
0.74151
0.72326
0.70546

0.74165
0.71981
0.69861
0.67804
0.65808

070576
068159
065825
0.63570
0.61393

0.67165
0.64545
0.62026
0.59606
0.57280

0.63923
0.61126
0.58451
0.55893
0.53447

0.60841
0.57892
0.55086
0.52415
0.49874

0.55126
0.51939
0 48936
046107
0.43441

0.49960
0.46611
0.43486
0.40570
0.37851

15
16
17
18
19

0.74137
0.72673
0.71237
0.69830
0.68451

0.68809
0.67115
0.65464
0.63852
0.62281

0.63870
0.61989
0.60164
0.58392
0.56673

0.59291
0.57260
0 55299
0.53405
0.51576

0.55045
0.52897
0.50833
0.48850
0.46944

0.51108
0.48871
0.46733
0.44687
0.42732

0.47457
0.45156
0.42967
0.40884
0.38903

0.40930
0.38563
0.36334
0.34233
032254

0.35313
0.32946
0.30737
0.28676
0.26754

20
25
30

0.67099
0.60729
0.54963

0.60748
0.53630
0.47347

0.55004
0.47369
0.40794

0.49810
041845
035154

0.45112
0.36971
0.30299

0.40862
0.32670
0.26120

0.37017
0.28873
0.22521

0.30389
0.22563
0.16752

0.24960
0.17642
0.12470

40
50
60

0.45023
0.36880
0.30210

0.36903
0.28762
0.22417

0.30255
0.22438
0.16641

0.24810
0.17510
012358

0.20351
0.13669
0.09181

0.16697
0.10673
0.06823

0.13702
0.08337
0.05072

0.09235
0.05091
0.02806

0.06230
0.03113
0.01555

Years

3%

'The formula used for this lable IS L'= [l +(1/100)]

TABLE

1.37-ANNUITY

= l/z

AMOUNTING

TO A GIVEN

SUM

(SINKING FUND)

The annual payment, V, which, ifset aside at the end of each year, willamount with accumulated
interesttoagivensum Sattheendofnyearsis
Y=Sxv', wherethefactorv'isgiven below. Interest
is i percent per annum, compounded annually.)

Values of v"
2%

3%

2
3
4

0.49505
0.32675
024262

0.49383
0.32514
0.24082

0.49261
0.32353
0.23903

0.49140
0.32193
0.23725

0.49020
0.32035
0.23549

0.48900
0.31877
0.23374

0.48780
0.31721
0.23201

0.48544
0.31411
0.22859

0 48309
031105
022523

5
6
8
9

019216
015853
013451
0.11651
010252

0.19025
0.15655
013250
0.11447
0.10046

0.18835
0.15460
013051
0.11246
0.09843

0.18648
0.15267
0.12854
0.11048
0.09645

0 18463
0.15076
012661
0.10853
0.09449

0.18279
0.14888
0.12470
0.10661
0.09257

0.18097
0.14702
0.12282
0.10472
0.09069

0.17740
0.14336
011914
0.10104
0.08702

017389
0 13980
011555
0 09747
0 08349

10
11
12
13
14

009133
0.08218
0 07456
006812
0.06260

0.08926
0.08011
0.07249
0.06605
0.06054

0.08723
0.07808
0.07046
0.06403
0.05853

0.08524
0.07609
0.06848
0.06206
0.05657

008329
0.07415
0.06655
0.06014
005467

0.08138
0.07225
0.06467
0.05828
0.05282

0.07950
0.07039
0.06283
0.05646
0.05102

0.07587
0.06679
0.05928
0.05296
0.04758

007238
0.06336
0.05590
004965
0.04434

15
16
17
18
19

0.05783
0.05365
0 04997
0.04670
0.04378

0.05577
0.05160
0.04793
0.04467
0.04176

0.05377
0.04961
0.04595
0.04271
0.03981

0.05183
0.04768
0.04404
0.04082
0.03794

0.04994
0.04582
0.04220
0.03899
003614

0.04811
0.04402
0.04042
0.03724
0.03441

0.04634
0.04227
0.03870
0.03555
0.03275

0.04296
0.03895
0.03544
0.03236
0.02962

0.03979
0.03586
003243
0.02941
0.02675

20
25
30

0.04116
003122
0.02465

0.03915
0.02928
0.02278

0.03722
0.02743
0.02102

0.03536
0.02567
0.01937

003358
002401
001783

0.03188
0.02244
0.01639

0.03024
0.02095
0.01505

0.02718
0.01823
0.01265

0.02439
0.01581
0.01059

40
50
60

0.01656
0.01182
0.00877

0.01484
0.01026
0.00735

0.01326
0.00887
0.00613

0.01183
0.00763
0.00509

0.01052
000655
0.00420

0.00934
0.00560
0.00345

0.00828
0.00478
0.00283

0.00646
0.00344
0.00188

0.00467
000238
0.00121

Years

i=2

'The fctmula

used for this table IS v'=(1/100111~[1 +(r/IOOJ]

- 1 I = II"

4%

l-66

PETROLEUM

TABLE

1.38-PRESENT

WORTHOFAN

ENGINEERING

ANNUITY

Thecaprtal C, which. tfplaced al interesttoday,wrllprovide

fora given annual payment Yfor a term
of "years before itISexhausted isC= YX w,wherethefactor w ISgiven below (Interestatipercent
per annum, compounded annually.)
Values of w*
Years

/=2

2%

3%

4%

1
2
3
4

0.9804
1.9416
2.8839
3.8077

0.9756
1.9274
2.8560
3.7620

0.9709
1.9135
2.8286
3.7171

0.9662
1.8997
2.8016
3.6731

0.9615
1.8861
2.7751
3.6299

0.9569
1.8727
2.7490
3.5875

0.9524
1.8594
2.7232
3.5460

0.9434
1.8334
2.6730
3.4651

0.9346
1.8080
2.6243
3.3872

5
6
i
9

4.7135
5.6014
6.4720
7.3255
8.1622

4.6458
5.5081
6.3494
7.1701
7.9709

4.5797
5.4172
6.2303
7.0197
7.7861

4.5151
5.3286
6.1145
6.8740
7.6077

4.4518
5.2421
6.0021
6.7327
7.4353

4.3900
5.1579
5.8927
6.5959
7.2688

4.3295
5.0757
5.7864
6.4632
7.1078

4.2124
4.9173
5.5824
6.2098
6.8017

4.1002
4.7665
5.3893
5.9713
6.5152

10
11
12
13
14

8.9826
9.7868
10.575
11.348
12.106

8.7521
9.5142
10.258
10983
11.691

8.5302
9.2526
9.9540
10.635
11.296

8.3166
9.0016
9 6633
10303
10921

8.1109
8.7605
9 3851
9.9856
10.563

7.9127
8.5289
9.1186
9.6829
10.223

7.7217
8.3064
8.8633
9.3936
9.8986

7.3601
7.8869
8.383%
8.8527
9.2950

7.0236
7.4987
7.9427
8.3577
8.7455

15
16
17
18
19

12.849
13.578
14.292
14992
15.678

12.381
13.055
13.712
14.353
14.979

11.938
12.561
13.166
13.754
14.324

11.517
12.094
12.651
13190
13.710

11.118
11.652
12.166
12.659
13.134

10.740
11.234
11.707
12.160
12.593

10.380
10.838
il.274
11.690
12065

9.7122
10 106
10.477
10.828
11.158

9 1079
9.4466
9.7632
10.059
10.336

20
25
30

16.351
19.523
22.396

15.589
18.424
20.930

14.877
17.413
19.600

14.212
16.482
18.392

13.590
1562'2
17.292

13.008
14.828
16.289

12.462
14093
15.372

11.470
12.783
13.765

10.594
11.654
12.409

40
50
60

27.355
31.424
34.761

25.103
28.362
30.909

23.115
25.730
27.676

21 355
23.456
24.945

19.793
21.482
22.623

18.402
19.762
20.638

17.159
18.256
18.929

15.046
15.762
16.161

13.332
13 801
14.039

The formula

used lor thls table IS w = :1 -[1 + (l/l

OO)]

TABLEl.39-ANNUITY

I/(r/loo,= "ix

PROVIDED

FOR

BYAGIVENCAPITAL

The annual payment Yprovided forfora term ofn years by agiven capitalcplaced atinteresttoday
is Y=Cx w'. Interestat i percent per annum, compounded annually;the fund is supposed lo be
exhausted at the end of the term.
Values of w"
Years
~

2%

2
3
4

0.51505
0.34675
0.26262

0.51883
0.35014
0.26582

0.52261
0.35353
0.26903

0.52640
035693
0.27225

0.53020
0.36035
0.27549

0.53400
0.36377
0.27874

0.53780
0.36721
0.28201

0.54544
0.37411
0.28859

0.55309
0.38105
0.29523

E
7
8
9

0.21216
0.17853
0.15451
0.13651
0.12252

0.21525
0.18155
0.15750
0.13947
0.12546

021835
018460
0 16051
0.14246
0.12843

0.22148
0.18767
0.16354
0.14548
0.13145

0.22463
0.19076
0.16661
0.14853
0.13449

0.22779
0.19388
0.16970
0.15161
0.13757

0.23097
019702
0.17282
0 15472
0.14069

0.23740
0.20336
0.17914
0.16104
0.14702

0.24389
0.20980
0.18555
0.16747
0.15349

10
11
12
13
14

0.11133
0.10218
0.09456
0.08812
0.08260

0.11426
0.10511
0.09749
0.09105
0.08554

0.11723
0.10808
0.10046
0.09403
0.08853

0.12024
0.11109
0.10348
0.09706
0.09157

0.12329
0.11415
0.10655
0.10014
0.09467

0.12638
0.11725
0.10967
0.10328
0.09782

0.12950
0.12039
0.11283
0.10646
0.10102

0.13587
0.12679
0.11928
0.11296
0.10758

0.14238
0.13336
0.12590
0.11965
0.11434

15
16
17
18
19

0.07783
0.07365
0.06997
0.06670
0.06378

0.08077
0.07660
0.07293
0.06967
0.06676

0.08377
0.07961
0.07595
0.07271
0.06981

0.08683
0.08268
0.07904
0.07582
0.07294

0.08994
0.08582
0.08220
0.07899
0.07614

0.09311
0.08902
0.08542
0.08224
0 07941

0.09634
0.09227
008870
0.08555
0.08275

0.10296
0.09895
0.09544
0.09236
0.08962

0.10979
0.10586
0.10243
0.09941
0.09675

20
25
30

0.06116
0.05122
0.04465

0.06415
0.05428
0.04778

0.06722
0.05743
0.05102

0.07036
0.06067
0.05437

0.07358
0.06401
0.05783

0.07688
0.06744
0.06139

0.08024
0.07095
0.06505

0.08718
0.07823
0.07265

0.09439
0.08581
0.08059

40
50
60

0.03656
0.03182
0.02877

0.03984
0.03526
0.03235

0.04326
0.03887
0.03613

0.04683
0.04263
0.04009

0.05052
0.04655
0.04420

0.05434
0.05060
0.04845

0.05828
0.05478
0.05283

0.06646
0.06344
0.06188

0.07467
0.07238
0.07121

i=2

3%

4%

HANDBOOK

MATHEMATlCALTABLES&UNlTS&SYSTEMSOFWElGHTS&

TABLE

MEASURES

1.40-DECIMAL

1-67

EQUIVALENTS
Common

From Mrnutes and

Seconds intoDecimal
Parts of a Degree
0
2'
3'
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'
IO'
11'
12'
13'
14'
15'
16'
17'
18'
19'
20'
21'
22'
23'
24'
25'
26'
27'
20'
29'
30'
31'
32'
33'
34'
35'
36'
37'
30'
39'
40'
41'
42'
43'
44'
45'
46'
47'
40'
49'
50'
51'
52'
53'
54'
55'
56'
57'
58'
59'
60'

0~.0000
0'
1"
0~0167
00.0333
2"
00.05
3"
00.0667
4"
00.0833
5"
00.10
6"
7"
O".1167
00.1333
8"
0".15
9"
00 1667
10"
OO.1833
11"
00 20
12"
OO.2167
13"
OO.2333
14"
15"
OO.25
OO.2667
16"
O" 2833
17"
00.30
18"
00.3167
19"
00.3333
20"
00.35
21"
0".3667
22"
OO.3833
23"
00.40
24"
0.4167
25"
OO.4333
26"
00.45
27"
OO.4667
28"
OO.4833
29"
00.50
30"
OO.5167
31"
OO.5333
32"
00.55
33"
OO.5667
34"
OO.5833
35"
OO.60
36"
OO.6167
37"
OO.6333
38"
OO.65
39"
OO.6667
40"
OO.6833
41"
00.70
42 "
OO.7167
43"
44"
00.7333
45 I'
00.75
46"
OO.7667
47"
O" 7833
48"
O".l30
0'=.8167 49 "
OO.8333
50"
51 "
OO.85
52"
OO.8667
OO.8833
53"
0".90
54 VI
OO.9167
55 'I
00 9333
56"
57"
00 95
58"
OO.9667
OO.9833
59"
10.00
60"

00 .oooo
0?0003
0.0006
0" 0008
0~.0011
0~.0014
0~.0017
0".0019
000022
0".0025
0" 0028
0~.0031
000033
On.0036
00.0039
0'.0042
00.0044
00 0047
00.005
00.0053
0'.0056
O".0058
0".0061
0?0064
0".0067
0~.0069
0".0072
00.0075
0'.0078
00081
O".0083
OO.0086
0" 0089
00 0092
0" 0094
0?0097
O".Ol
0?0103
0".0106
O".0108
O?Olll
0~.0114
00.0117
0?0119
00.0122
OO.0125
OO.0128
0?0131
00.0133
0?0136
0".0139
0.0142
oa.0144
000147
0".015
00.0153
OO.0156
0'.0158
O".0161
OYO164
00.0167

From Decrmal Parts of

a Degree intoMinutes
and Seconds (exact valuesi
30.00
IO.01
IO.02
IO.03
IO.04
IO.05
IO.06
30.07
IO.08
Y.09
30.10
IO.11
30.12
Y.13
IO.14
IO.15
IO.16
IO.17
IO.18
IO.19
IO.20
10 21
IO.22
IO.23
I" 24
IO.25
IO.26
IO.27
IO.28
10 29
IO.30
IO.31
I" 32
IO.83
IO.34
IO.35
IO.36
IO.37
IO.38
IO.39
30.40
IF.41
IO.42
IO.43
IO.44
IO.45
IO.46
IO.47
IO.48
30 49
I".50

0
0' 36"
1' 12"
1' 48"
2' 24"
3'
3' 36"
4' 12"
4' 48"
5' 24"
6'
6' 36"
7' 12"
7' 48"
8' 24"
9'
9' 36"
IO' 12"
10' 48"
11' 24"
12'
12' 36"
13' 12"
13' 48"
14' 24"
15'
15' 36"
16' 12"
16' 48"
17' 24"
18'
18' 36"
19' 12"
19' 48"
20' 24"
21'
21' 36"
22' 12"
22' 48"
23' 24"
24'
24' 36"
25' 12"
25' 48"
26' 24"
27'
27' 36"
28' 12"
28' 48"
29' 24"
30'

00.50
00 51
OO.52
00.53
00.54
00.55
O" 56
00.57
OO.58
00.59
OO.60
OO.61
00 62
OO.63
OO.64
0".65
00 66
OO.67
00.68
O" 69
OO.70
00.71
O" 72
00 73
0" 74
00.75
0" 76
00 77
0".78
00.79
00.80
OO.81
0".82
OO.83
0".84
OO.85
00.86
0' 87
00 88
O" 89
00.9c
00 91
00.92
00 93
00.94
00 95
0".96
00.97
0".98
00.99
I".00

0.000
O%OOl
0".002
00.003
00.004
0?005
O".006
00.007
0.008
00.009
O".OIO

0
3"
7"
10"
14"
18"
21"
25"
28"
32"
36"

30
30' 36"
31' 12"
31' 48"
32' 24"
33'
33' 36"
34' 12"
34' 48"
35' 24"
36'
36' 36"
37' 12"
37' 48"
38' 24"
39'
39' 36"
40' 12"
40' 48"
41' 24"
42'
42' 36"
43' 12"
43' 48"
44' 24"
45'
45' 36"
46' 12"
46' 48"
47' 24"
48'
48' 36"
49' 12"
49' 48"
50' 24"
51'
51' 36"
52' 12"
52' 48"
53' 24"
54'
54' 36"
55' 12"
55' 48"
56' 24"
57'
57' 36"
58' 12"
58' 48"
59' 24"
60'

16ths

1
1

2
3

4
5

6
7

8
9

10
11

12
13

14
15

16
17

18
19

10

20
21

11

22
23

12

24
25

13
.o
6
2
.8
.4

32nds

26
27

14

28
29

.6
.2
8
4

15

30
31

Fractrons

64ths
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63

Exact
Decrmal
Values
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.07
009
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.15
017
0.18
0.20
0.21
0.23
0.25
026
0.28
0.29
031
0.32
0.34
035
0.37
0.39
0.40
0.42
0.43
0.45
0.46
0.48
0.50
051
0.53
0.54
0.56
0.57
059
060
0.62
0.64
0.65
0.67
068
0.70
0.71
0.73
0.75
0.76
0.78
0.79
0.81
0.82
0.84
0.85
0.87
0.89
0.90
0.92
0.93
0.95
0.96
0.98

5625
125
6875
25
8125
375
9375
5
0625
625
1875
75
3125
875
4375
5625
125
6875
25
8125
375
9375
5
0625
625
1875
75
3125
875
4375
5625
125
6875
25
8125
375
9375
5
0625
625
1875
75
3125
a75
4375
5625
125
6875
25
8125
375
9375
5
0625
625
1875
75
3125
875
4375

Units and Systems of Weights

and Measures
L.E.

Barbrow.

U.S. N,itl Bureau of Standards

The U.S. Natl.

act of congress
laboratory

Bureau of Standards was established by

in 1901 to serve as a national scientific

in the physical

damental

measurement

sciences

standards

and to provide

fun-

for science and indus-

try. In carrying
out these related functions the bureau
conducts research and development
in many fields of
physics,

mathemstics,

chemistry,

time of its founding,

primary standards-the

and engineering.

At the

the bureau had custody of two

meter bar for length and the kilo-

A unit

is a value,

quantity,

which other values,

pressed. In general,
independent
Examples

or magnitude

of such physical
include

the yard.

conditions

al it is not independent

as temperature.

the pound.

meter, the liter, the gram.

A .stumlurd is a physical embodiment
a true embodiment

in terms of

quantities,
or magnitudes
are exa unit is fixed by definition
and is

of physical

of the unit only

the gallon,

the

of a unit. In generconditions,

and it is

under specified

con-

gram cylinder for mass (or weight). With the phenomenal growth of science and technology
over the past half

ditions. For example, a yard standard has a length of one

yard when at some definite temperature
and supported in

century,

a certain manner. If supported

might have to be at a different

the bureau has become a major

research

institu-

tion concerned not only with everyday weights and measures but also with hundreds
of other scientific
and
engineering
industrial

standards
progress

that have become

of the U.S.

necessary

Nevertheless,

still looks to the bureau for information

weights and measures. particularly
their

urements
measures,

are made.

general

the present

Scientists
by which
knowledge

the U.S.

on the units of
definitions
and

and engineers are

precision
measof weights

and

status of units and standards,

and

miscellaneous
facts that will be useful in their everyday
professional
life.
The expression
weights
and measures
is used here
in its basic sense of referring

to measurements

of length,

mass, and capacity, thus excluding such topics as electrical and time measurements and thermometry.
This section on units and systems of weights and measures presents
some fundamental

information

subject and to eliminate

terms.

to clarify

erroneous

thinking

and misleading

on this
use of

of weights

that there be established

between the terms units

and measures.

I yard.

The Metric System

Definition,

Origin, and Development

The metric system* is the international

system of weights
and measures based on the meter and the kilogram.
The
essential features of the system were embodied
made to the French

Natl.

Assembly

in a report

by the Paris Acade-

my of Sciences in 1791. The definitive

action taken in
1791 was the outgrowth
of recommendations
along similar lines dating back to 1670. The adoption of the system
in France was slow, but its desirability
as an international system was recognized
by geodesists and others. On
May 20, 1875. an international
treaty known as the Intl,
Metric
Convention
was signed providing
for an Intl.
Bureau of Weights

and Measures,

thus ensuring

the

in-

ternational unification and improvement

of the metric system.
The metric system is now either obligatory
or
permissible

throughout

Although

the metric

the world.
system

is a decimal

system,

the

words *metric
and decimal
are not synonymous,
and
care should be taken not to confuse the two terms.

Unit and Standard Definitions

It is essential
the distinction

of

manner, it
in order to

to the

equivalents.
The subject of weights and measures can be treated from
several different standpoints.
interested
in the methods

have a length

in a different
temperature

and kept in mind

and standards
See also Chap

58

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS

& SYSTEMS

OF WEIGHTS

Units and Standards of the Metric System

& MEASURES

From

l-69

1893 until

1959. the yard was defined

units of length and

equal exactly

mass arc the tneter and the kilogram.

The other units of

length and mass. as well as all units ofarea. volume. and

compound units such as density. are derived from thcxc

was tnade in the definition of the yard to resolve discrepancies both in the U.S. and abroad. Since 1959. the yard
is defined as being equal exactly to 0.9144 m; the new

two fundamental
units.
From I960 to 1983. the meter was defined as the length

yard is shorter than the old vard by exactly two parts in

a million. At the same time,*it was decided that anv data

equal to I 650 763.73

expressed

system,

vvavelengths

ation corresponding

in vacuum of the radi-

to the transition

between

the levels

21?tn and 5d5 of the krypton 86 atom. Since 1983. the

meter has been defined as the length of the path travelled
by

light

in

vacuum

during

time

I1299 792 458 of a second. The kilogram

interval

of

previously

dc-

fined as the mass of I cubic decimeter of water at the tempcraturc of maximum density was known as the Kilogram
of the Archives.

It was replaced after the Intl. Metric

Con-

vention in 1875 by the Intl. Prototype

Kilogram.
which
became the unit of mass vvithout reference to the mass
of a cubic decimeter of water or to the Kilogram
of the
Archives.
The liter is a unit of capacity. In 1964 the 12th General
Conference on Weights and Measures redefined the liter
as being I cubic decimeter.
By its previous definitionthe volume
quantity

occupied.

under

standard

of pure water having

conditions.

by a

a mass of I kilogram-the

liter was larger than the cubic decimeter by 28 parts in

I 000 000; except for determinations
of high precision,
this difference
is so small as to be of no consequence.
The tnodernized

metric

system includes

base

units

such as units of temperature

and time. as well as many
derived
units such as units of force and work. For details,

see Chap.

58.

the U.S.

in feet derived
would

at Scvres,

a suburb of Paris, in accordance

precision

measurements.

tained by assessed contributions

The Bureau,

of the signatory

maingovcrn-

feet,

rods,

miles,

survey

squares thereof,

and photometry

in addi-

pressures.

Present Status of the Metric System in the U.S.

in this country

was legal-

in 1866. but was not made ob-

ligatory.
The speed of light in a vacuum and U.S. Prototype
gram No. 20 are recognized
length

as the primary

and mass for both the metric

Congress entitled A MmYc Auwrictr-A

Dwi.sio~t W/MN
Ti/irc Hus Cornc. In the last few years metric USChas been
increasing rapidly in the U.S., principally
facturing
and educational
sectors. Public

to prepare students to use the tnetric system of mcasuretnent with ease and facility as a part ofthe regular education program.
signed Public

On Dec. 23. 1975. President Gerald

Law 94-168. the Metric Conversion

I.

a U.S.

Board.

whose

functions

to the Dept.

as

of Con-

mercc, Office of Metric

Progratns,
to coordinate
voluntary
conversion
to the tnetric system.

the

British and U.S. Systems

The implication
is sometimes made that the inch/pound
system of weights and measures in the British Commonwealth

countries

and the U.S.

Kilo-

standards

of

and the inch-pound

in the U.S. the yard has

in terms of the meter and the pound in tertns

of the kilogram.
There is in the U.S. no primary standard either of length or mass in the inch-pound
system.

system

true that the U.S. and the British

are identical.

inch are defined

It is
identi-

work. that they are practically

identiusage, that a similar situation exists for
pound,

and that many tables. such

as 12 in. = I ft, 3 ft= I yd, and 1,760 yd= I international

mile, arc the same in both countries; but there are some
very important
differences.
the U.S.
differ

bushel.

the U.S. gallon.

from the corresponding

and their sub-

British

units. Also.

the British ton is 2,240 Ibm. whereas the ton generally

used in the U.S. is the short ton of 2,000 Ibm. The American colonists adopted the English wine gallon of 23 I cu
in. The English of that period used this wine gallon. but
they also had another gallon. the ale gallon of 282 cu in.
In 1824 these two gallons were abandoned by the British
when they adopted

the British

277.42

I893

Metric

1982 were transferred

standards

Since

Ford
Act

of 1975. This act declares a national policy of coordinating the increasing use of the metric system in the U.S.

defined as the volume

ture of 62F.
which,

available.

in the tnanuLaw 93-380.

enacted Aug. 2 I, 1974, states that It IS the policy of the

U.S. to encourage educational
agencies and institutions

(customary)
systems of measurement
in this country because these standards are the most precise and reliable
been defined

or the
be con-

In 1971 the Natl. Bureau of Standards completed

a
3-year study of the impact of increasing worldwide
metric use on the U.S. The study ended with a report to the

First.

system

links.

therefore

vcrted
to the corresponding
metric values by using
pre-1959
conversion
factors
whet-c more than tivcsignificant-figure
accuracy is involved.

divisions

ized by act of congress

chains,

and also acres should

the U.S. and the British

The use of the metric

as dc-

m). This foot is called

statute

starch

tion to its former work in weights and measures, which

included such allied fields as thermometry
and the measof barometric

within

the foot defined in 1959 is

Measurements
expressed in

cally for scientific

cal in commercial

urement

survey

while
foot.

merits, is truly international.

In recent years the scope of the work at the Intl. Bureau
has been considerably
broadened.
It now carries on rein the fields of electricity

geodetic

to bear the relationship

with the Intl.

Metric Convention
of May 20. 1875. At the bureau are
kept the Intl. Prototype kilogram,
many secondary standards of all sorts. and equipment for comparing standards
and making

from

change

the U.S. survey foot,

called the international

It established

The lntl. Bureau of Weights and Measures was established

continue

111. In 1959 a small

fined in 1893 (I ft equals 1200/3937

of Oct.

The Intl. Bureau of Weights and Measures

to 360013937

as being

the fundumcntai

In the metric

imperial

gallon.

which

is

of IO Ibtn of water. at a temperaby calculation,

is equivalent
to

cu in. At the same time, the bushel was rcdcfined

as 8 gal, In the British

system.

are the sdtne as those of liquid

the units of dry mcasurc

muasurc.

In the U.S. these

two are not the same. the gallon and its subdivisions

being

PETROLEUM

I-70

used in the measurement

of liquids,

while the hushcl,

its subdivisions.
is used in the measurement
commodities.
The U.S. gallon is divided

with

of certain dry
into 4 liquid

One yard is defined

exactly

equal

quarts and the U.S. bushel into 32 dry quarts. All the units

Mass

of capacity mentioned thus far are larger in the British

system than in the U.S. system. But the British fluid ounce

The primary

is smaller

than the U.S.

fluid

ounce.

because the British

quart is divided into 40 fluid ounces. whereas the the U.S.

quart is dlvlded into 32 fluid ounces.
From the foregoing
an avoirdupois

it is seen that in the British

ounce of water

at 62F

system

has a volume

of

I fluid oz. because 10 Ibm is equivalent to I60 avoirdupois

oz. and I gal is equivalent
to 4 quarts, or 160 fluid oz.
This convenient

relation

does not exist in the U.S.

ENGINEERING

as 0.9144

to 25.4

HANDBOOK

m. The inch is thcrcfore

mm.

standard

of mass for this country

is U.S.

Prototype Kilogram
20, which is a platinum-iridium
cylinder kept at the Natl. Bureau of Standards. The value
of this

mass standard

Prototype

Kilogram,

is known

in terms

a platinum-iridium

is kept at the Intl.

Bureau

of the Intl.

standard,

of Weights

which

and Measures.

The avoirdupois
pound is defined in terms of the kilogram by the relation I avoirdupois lbm=0.453
592 37 kg.

sys-

weighs about

Mass vs. Weight. The mass of a body is a measure of

8% Ibm, or 133% avoirdupois oz, and the U.S. gallon

is cquivalcnt
to 4 X 32, or 128 fluid oz. In comparison.

its inertial property.

The ,t~i#r
of a body has in the past
been used at times to designate its mass and at other times

I U.S. fluid oz=1.041

British fluid oz; I British fluid
oz=O.961
U.S. fluid oz; 1 U.S. gal=0.833
British in-

to designate a force that is related to gravitational

attraction. Because these two concepts of weight are incorn-

pcrial

patible, and have therefore resulted in confusion, the term

weight
should be avoided in technical practice except

tem because a U.S. gallon

gal: and I British

of water at 62F

imperial

gal=

I.201

U.S.

gal.

under circumstances
in which its meaning is completely
clear. When the term is used, it is important
to know

Subdivision of Units
In general,

units are subdivided

by one of three systems:
into tenths;
(2) duodecimal,
into
(I) decimal,
i.e.,
twelfths; or (3) binary, into halves. Usually the subdivision is continued

by use of the same system.

Each method

has advantages for certain purposes, and it cannot properly be said that any one method is best
unless the use
to which the unit and its subdivisions
are to be put is
known.

See also Chapter

As weighing

58.

and measuring

are important

if we are concerned

only

with measure-

ments of length to moderate precision,

it is convenient
to measure and to express these lengths in feet, inches,
and binary

fractions

of an inch, thus 9 ft 4% in. If, how-

ever. these measured

lengths are to be used subsequently

in calculations
of area or volume, that method of subdivision at once becomes extremely
inconvenient.
For that
reason, engineers, instead of dividing the foot into inches
and binary

subdivisions

of the inch,

divide

it decimally:

that is. into tenths, hundredths, and thousandths of a foot.

The method of subdivision of a unit is thus made largely
on the basis of convenience to the user. The fact that units
have commonly
been subdivided
into certain subunits for
centuries does not preclude their also having another mode
of subdivision
in some frequently
used cases where conindicates

the gallon

the value of such other method.

is usually

subdivided

Thus

into quarts and pints, but

the majority
of gasoline-measuring
pumps of the pricecomputing type are graduated to show tenths of a gallon.
Although the mile has for centuries been divided into rods,

tude of quantities

involved.

senses: (I) as a unit of weight.

ity or volume.
In the weight

in two distinct

and (2) as a unit of capac-

sense the term

means:

(I)

the shorr. or

rzet ton of 2,000 Ibm; (2) the long, ~KLKY, or .shipprr.r

ton of 2240 Ibm; (3) the n?~vic ton of 1000 kg, or 2204.6
Ibm. In the capacity sense ton is restricted to uses related to ships.
In the U.S. and Canada the ton (weight)

most commonly

used is the shortton, in Great Britain it is the /orzg ton,

and in countries using the metric system it is the metric,
ton.

Effect of Air Buoyancy. Another point to consider in the

calibration
and use of standards of mass is the buoyancy
or lifting effect of the air. A body immersed in any fluid
is buoyed up by a force equal to the force of gravity on
the displaced fluid. Two bodies of equal mass. if placed
one on each pan of an equal-arm
balance. will balance
each other in a vacuum.

A comparison

a known

gives true

mass standard

yards, feet, and inches. the odometer part of an automobile speedometer indicates tenths of a mile. Although our
dollar is divided into 100 parts, we habitually
use and

er body

speak of halves

be buoyed

and quarters.

factors in our

everyday lives, it is quite natural that questions arise about

the use of various units and terms and about the magniThe ton is used as a unit of measure

For example,

venience

whether mx~ orfbrw is intended and to use SI units properly by using kilograms for mass and newtons for force.

in a vacuum against
mass.

If compared

in air, however,
they will not balance each other unless
they are of equal volume. If of unequal volume, the larg-

smaller

will

displace

the greater

up by a greater

body,

force

and the larger

volume

of air and will

than will

body

will

than will

appear

the

to be of

less mass than the smaller body. The greater the difference in volume, and the greater the density of the air in

Standards
Length

which

A specified

spectral

international

standard

line emitted
on which

by krypton

all length

86 is the

measurements

the comparison

are based. To obtain a constant and uniform wavelength,

krypton lamps are operated at the temperature of the triple

it is necessary
the air density

point

reference.

of nitrogen.

weighing

is made, the greater

will

be the apparent difference

in mass. For that reason. in
assigning a precise numerical value of mass to a standard,
to base this value on definite values for
and the density of the mass standard of

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS

& SYSTEMS

OF WEIGHTS

1-71

& MEASURES

TABLE 1.41-LENGTH

EGUIVALENTS

Meters

Centimeters

Inches

Feet

Yards

Chains

100

39.37
i.59517

3.261
0.51598

1.0936
0.03886

0.04971
2.69644

0.001
3.00000

0.0,6214
6.79335

0.3937

0.03281
2.51598

0.01094
2.03886

0.0,4971
4.69644

10-5
5.00000

0.0,6214
4.79335

0.08333
2.92082

0.02770
2.44370

0.001263
3.10127

0.0,254
5.40483

0.0,1578
5.19818

(1.3333
1.52288

6.01515
2.18046

Q.Q,3048
4.48402

0.0,1894
4.27736

0.04545
2.65758

0.0,9144
4.96114

0.0,5682
4.75449

0.02012
2.30356

0.0125
2.09691

0.6214
i.79335

2.00000

0.01

1.59517

2.00000
0.0254
2.40483

2.540
0.40483

0.3048
1.48402

30.46
1.48402

12
1.07918

0.9144
1.96114

91.44

36
1.55630

3
0.47712

1.96114

20.12
1.30356

2012
3.30356

792
2.89873

66
1.81954

22
1.34242

1000
3.00000

100 000
5.00000

39,370
4.59517

3,281
3.51598

1,093.6
3.03886

1609

160 935

3.20665

5.20665

63,360
4.80182

5,280
3.72263

3.24551

Kilometers

49.71
1.69644
80
1.90309

1,760

Miles

1.609
0.20665

The equivalents are given in the bold-faced type. Logarithms of the equivalents are given
immediatelybelow withthe characteristic
of the logarithm(i.e.,
1.59517 = 0.59517).Insome cases,
theequivalentshave been rounded off,whtlethe logarithmcorresponds to the equivalentcarried
to a greater number of decimal places. Subscripts afterany figure-O,, 9,-mean
that that
figureIS to be repeated the indicatednumber of times.

TABLE 1.42-CONVERSION
Millimeters Feet
Inches
to
to
to
Meters
Inches
Millimeters

Meters
to
Feet

Yards
to
Meters

Meters
to
Yards

Miles
to
Kilometers

Kilometers
to
Miles
0.6214
1.243
1.864
2.485

1
2
3
4

25.40
50.80
76.20
101.60

0.03937
0.07874
0.1181
0.1575

0.3048
0.6096
0.9144
1.219

3.281
6.562
9.842
13.12

0.9144
1.829
2.743
3.658

1.094
2.187
3.281
4.374

1.609
3.219
4.828
6.437

5
6
7
8

127.00
152.40
177.80
203.20
228.60

0.1968
0.2362
0.2756
0.3150
0.3543

1.524
1.829
2.134
2.438
2.743

16.40
19.68

4.572
5.486
6.401
7.315
8.230

5.468
6.562
7.655
8.749
9.842

8.047
9.656
11.27
12.87
14.48

For ewample,

The corrections
Standards

(NBS)

22.97
26.25
29.53

furnished

by the U.S.

Natl.

Bureau of

for the more precise mass standards

in vacuum

are

and compari-

son against normal brass standards in air under standard

conditions. with no correction applied for the buoyant effect of the air.

By

density

kg per m3 at 0C

of 8400

definition,

brass

standards

have a

and a coefficient

of

cubical thermal expansion of 0.000 054 per C. Standard

conditions are defined as air of I .2 kg per m3 and temof 20C.

cise analytical
of apparent

The corrections

weights

are ordinarily

mass against

3.107
3.728
4.350
4.971

5.592

1 I = 25 40 mm

given on two bases: comparison

perature

OF LENGTHS

normal

to be used with

pre-

given only in terms

brass standards.

A full discussion

of this topic

is given

in NBS Mono-

graph
(Nat].

133, Mass and Mass Values, by Paul E. Pontius

Technical Information
Service, 528.5 Port Royal

Road,

Springfield,

VA

22161;

COM

7450309).

Capacity
Units of capacity. being derived units, are defined in the
U.S. in terms of linear units and are not represented by
fundamental
constructed
lidity

only

or indirectly

standards. Laboratory
standards have been
and are maintained at NBS. These have vaby calibration
to the linear

with

reference

standards.

either

directly

l-72

PETROLEUM

TABLE 1.43-COMMON
64ths

Millimeters 64ths

0.397

0.794

3
4

Millimeters 64ths

Millimeters 64ths

Millimeters 64ths

1.191
1.588

5.159
5.556
5.953
6.350

25
26
27
28

9.922
10.319
10.716
11.113

37
38
39
40

14.684
15.081
15.478
i5.875

49
50
51
52

5
6
7
a

I ,984
2.381
2.770
3.175

17
18
19
20

6.747
7.144
7.541
7.938

29

11.509
11.906
12.303
12.700

41

30
31
32

42
43
44

16.272
16.669
17.066
17.463

53
54
55
56

9
10
11
12

3.572
3.969
4.366
4.763

21
22
23
24

8.334
8.731
9.I28
9.525

33
34
35
36

13.097
13.494
13.891
14.288

45
46
47
48

17.859
18.256
18.653
19.050

TABLE 1.44-DECIMALS
0

2.540
5.080
7.620
10.160

0.254
2.794
5.334
7.874
10.414

0.508
3.048
5.588
8.128
10.668

0.762
3.302
5.842
8.382
10.922

1.016
3.556
6.096
8.636
11.176

1.270
3.810
6.350
a.890
11.430

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9

12.700
15.240
17.780
20.320
22.860

12.954
15.494
18.034
20.574
23.114

13.208
15.748
18.288
20.828
23.368

13.462
16.002
18.542
21.082
23.622

13.716
16.256
18.796
21.336
23.876

13.970
16.510
19.050
21.590
24.130

TABLE 1.4% -MILLIMETERS

a
9

Millimeters 64ths

19.844
20.241
20.638

22.622
23.019
23.416
23.813

21.034
21.431
21.828
22.225

61
62
63
64

24.209

11.684

i ,778
4.318
6.858
9.398
ii ,938

2.032
4.572
7.112
9.652
12.192

2.286
4.626
7.366
9.906
12.446

14.224
16.764
19.304
21 .a44
24.384

14.478
17.018
19.558
22.098
24.638

14.732
17.272
19.812
22.352
24.892

14.986

1.524
4.064
6.604
9.144

Millimeters

57
58
59
60

19.447

OF AN INCH TO MILLIMETERS (FROM 0.01 in. TO 0.99 in.)

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4

5
6
7

HANDBOOK

FRACTIONS OF AN INCH TO MILLIMETERS (FROM ye4 to 1 in.)

13
14
15
16

0
1
2
3
4

ENGINEERING

17.526
20.066
22.606
25.146

TO DECIMALS OF AN INCH (FROM 1 TO 99 mm)

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

0.3937
0.7874
l.tatt
1.5748

0.0394
0.4331
0.8268
1.2205
1.6142

0.0787
0.4724
0.8661
1.2598
1.6535

0.1181
0.5118
0.9055
1.2992
1.6929

0.1575
0.5512
0.9449
1.3386
1.7323

0.1968
0.5906
0.9842
1.3780
1.7716

0.2362
0.6299
1.0236
1.4173
1.8110

0.2756
0.6693
1.0630
1.4567
1.8504

0.3150
0.7087
1.1024
1.4961
1.8898

0.3543
0.7480
1.1417
1.5354
1.9291

1.9685
2.3622
2.7559
3.1496
3.5433

2.0079
24016
2.7953
3 la90
3 5827

2.0472
2.4409
2.8346
3.2283
3.6220

2.0866
2.4803
2.8740
3.2677
3.6614

2.1260
2.5197
2.9134
3.3071
3.7008

2.1654
2.5590
2.9528
3.3464
3.7402

2.2047
2.5984
2.9921
3.3858
3.7795

2.2441
2.6378
3.0315
3.4252
3.8189

2.2835
2.6772
3.0709
3.4646
3.8583

2.3228
2.7165
3.1102
3.5039
3.8976

24.606
25.003
25.400

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS

& SYSTEMS

OF WEIGHTS

& MEASURES

l-73

TABLE1.46-AREAEQUIVALENTS'
Square
Mrles or
Sections

Square
Meters

Square
Inches

Square
Feet

Square
Yards

Square
Rods

Square
Chains

Roods

Acres

1,550

10.76

1.196
0.07773

0.0395
2.59699

0.002471

0.0,9884

0.0,2471

3.39288

4.99494

4.39288

0.0,7716
4.88740

0.0,2551

0.0,1594

0.0,6377

0.0,1594

5.40667

6.20255

7.80461

7.20255

0.1111

0.003673
3.56503

0.0,2296

1.04576

4.36091

0:0,9184
5.96297

0.0,2296
5.36091

0.0,3587
8.55473

0.03306

0.002066

0.0,8264

0.0002066

0.0,3228

3.19033

0.0,6452
4.80967

1.03197

0.006944
3.84164

g.09290
2.96803

0.8361

144

2.15836

1,296

1.92227

3.11260

0.95424

25.29
1.40300

39,204
4.59333

272.25

30.25

2.43497

1.48072

404.7
2.60712

627,264
5.79745

4,356
3.63909

484
2.68484

2.51927

16

3.31515

4.91721

4.31515

0.0625

g.02500

0.00625

2.79588

2.39794

3.79588

1.20412

0.0,2491
10.39637

7.50898

0.0,9766
6.98970

0.4

0.1

0.0001562

1 .ooooo

4.19382

0.25
1.39794

0.0,3906
4.59176

0.001562

1012

1,568,160

10,890

1,210

40

2.5

6.19539

4.03703

3.08278

1.60206

0.39794

4047
3.60712

6,272,640

43,560

4,840

4.63909

3.68484

160
2.20412

1 .ooooo

4
0.60206

6.79745

27,878,400
7.44527

3,097,600
6.49102

102,400
5.01030

6,400
3.80618

2,560
3.40824

640
2.80618

2 589 998
6.41330

7.58670

1.60206

3.00506

IO

0.0,3861

3.19382
1

The equivalentsare given in the bold-facedtype Logarithms of the equivalentsare given immediately below with the
characteristic
of the logarithm(i.e.,
2.59699 = 0.059699). In some cases, the equivalentshave been rounded off,whrfe
the logarithmcorresponds to the equivalentcarriedto a greaternumber of decimal places.Subscriptsafterany figure-O,,
9,, etc.-mean that the figureis to be repeated the Indicatednumber of times.
'1 heclare=

100 acres=10

000 mp

TABLEl.47-VOLUME

Liters
1

AND CAPACITY EQUIVALENTS

Cubic
Inches

Cubic
Feet

Cubic
Yards

U.S.
Apothecary
Fluid
Ounces

61.03
1.78551

0.03532
2.54796

0.001308
3.11659

1.52909

0.0,5787
4.76246

0.0,2143
5.33109

0.5541
1.74360

0.03704
2.56864

0.01639
2.21450

U.S. Quarts
Drv

U.S.
Gallons

u.s
Bushels

1.057
0.02394

0.9081
i .95812

0.2642
1.42188

0.02838
2.45297

0.01732
2.23845

0.01488
2.17263

0.0 24329
3.63639

0.0,4650
4.66746

29.92
1.47599

25.71

7.481

2.98114

1.41017

0.87393

0.8036
1.90502

25853
4.41251

807.9
2.90736

694.3

2.84153

202.2
2.30530

21.70
1.33638

0.03125
2.49485

6.02686
2.42903

0.007812
3.89279

0.0,8392
4.92388

0.8594
i .9341a

0.25
1.39794

0.02686
2.42903

0.2909
1.46376

0.03125
2.49485

33.81

28.32
1.45205

1728
3.23754

764.5
2.88340

46656
4.66891

27
1.43136

0.02957
2.47091

1.805

0.001044

0.25640

3.01886

5.58749

0.9463
1.97604

67.75
1.76155

0.03342
2.52401

0.001238
3.09264

32
1.50515

1.101
0.04188

67.20
1.82737

0.03889

0.001440

2.58983

3.15847

37.24
1.57097

1.164
0.06582

3.785
0.57812

231
2.36361

0.1337

0.004951

1.12607

3.69470

128
2.10721

4
0.60206

3.437
0.53624

35.24
1.54703

2150
3.33252

1.244

0.04609

1192

37.24

0.09498

2.66362

3.07612

1.57097

32
1.50515

0.0,3868

957.5

Liquid

0.1074
1.03109
9.309
0.96891

The equivalentsare given in the bold-faced type. Logarithms of the equivalentsare given immediately below with the
characteristic
of the logarithm(i.e.,
2.54796 =0.054796). In some cases, the equivalentshave been rounded off,while the
logarithmcorresponds to the equivalentcarriedto a greater number of decimal places, Subscriptsafterany figure-O,,
9,, etc.-mean that the figureis to be repeated the indicatednumber of times.

PETROLEUM

l-74

TABLE
sq In.
t0

cm2

sq ft

t0

j.yz

so tn.

6.452
12.90
19.35
25.81
32.26
38.71
45.16
51.61
58.06
For example.

cm

0.1550
0.3100
0.4650
0.6200
0.7750
0.9300
1.085
1.240
1.395

0.0929
0.1858
0.2787
0.3716
0.4645
0.5574
0.6503
0.7432
0.8361

mL
to
sa ft

sq Yd

10.76
21.53
32.29
43.06
53.82
64.58
75.35
86.11
96.87

0.8361
1.672
2.508
3.345
4 181
5.017
5.853
6 689
7 525

OF AREAS*
km
hectares sq miles
acres
to
to
to
to
km
acres
sq miles
hectares

m
to

HANDBOOK

sq yd

2.471
4.942
7.413
9.884
12.355
14.826
17.297
19.768
22.239

0.4047
0.8094
1.214
1.619
2.023
2.428
2.833
3.237
3.642

1.196
2.392
3.588
4.784
5.980
7.176
8.372
9.568
10.764

2.590
5.180
7.770
10.360
12.950
15.540
18.130
20.720
23.310

0.3861
0.7722
1.158
1.544
1.931
2.317
2.703
3.089
3.475

1 sq in =6 452 cm2

TABLE

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

1.48-CONVERSION

ENGINEERING

1.49-CONVERSION

C I.
to
cm3

cm3
to
cu tn.

cu ft

16.39
32.77
49.16
65.55
81.94
98.32
114.7
131.1
147.5

0.06102
0.1220
0.1831
0.2441
0.3051
0.3661
0.4272
0.4882
0.5492

0.02832
0.05663
0.08495
0.1133
0.1416
0 1699
0 1982
0 2265
0.2549

TABLE

Fluid oz
to
cm3

cm3
to
fluid
oz

29.57
59.15
88.72
118.3
147.9
177.4
207.0
236.6
266.2

0.03381
0.06763
0.1014
0.1353
0.1691
0.2092
0.2367
0.2705
0.3043

liquid
pints
to
liters
0.4732
0.9463
1.420
1.893
2.366
2.839
3.312
3.765

4.259

;a

OF VOLUMES
m3
to
cu ft

cu yd

35 31
70.63
105.9
141.3
176.6
211.9
247.2
282.5
317.8

0.7646
1.529
2.294
3.058
3.823
4.587
5.352
6.116
6.881

1.50-CONVERSION

0 9463
1.893
2.839
3.785
4.732
5.678
6.624
7.571
8.517

CUBIC

MEASURES

m3
to
cu vd

gal
to
cu ft

1.308
2.616
3.924
5.232
6.540
7.848
9.156
10.46
11.77

0.1337
0 2674
0.4010
0 5347
0.6684
0.8021
0.9358
1.069
1.203

;3

OF VOLUMES

liters lrqurd liters

to
quarts
to
liquid
liqurd
to
pints
liters quarts
2.113
4.227
6.340
8.454
10.57
12.68
14.79
16.91
19.02

OR

gal
to
liters

1.0573.785
2.113
7.571
3.170 11.36
4.227 15.14
5.284 la93
6.340 22.71
7.397 26.50
8.454 30.28
9.510 34.07

OR

gal

gal
7.481
14.96
22.44
29.92
37.40
44 88
52.36
59.84
67.32

CAPACITIES

liters
to
0.2642
0.5284
0.7925
1.057
1.321
1.585
i .a49
2.113
2.378

cu ft
to

bushels
hectoliters
to
to
hectoliters bushels
0.3524
0.7048
1.057
1.410
1.762
2.114
2.467
2.819
3.171

2.838
5.676
8.513
11.35
14.19
17.03
19.86
22.70
25.54

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

8 UNITS 8 SYSTEMS

OF WEIGHTS

TABLE

& MEASURES

1.51--MASS

EQUIVALENTS

tons

Ibm

OZ

ka

grains

troy and
apothecary

avoirdupois

troy and
apothecary

15,432
4.18843

32.15
1.50719

35.27
1.54745

2.6792
0.42801

0.0,2083
3.31876

0.0,2286
3.35902

0.0,1736

4.23958

1.09714
0.04026

0.9115

0.0,6480
581157

I-75

avoirdupots
2.205
0.34333

long

metric

0.0,1102
3.04230

0.0,9842
4.99309

0.001
3.00000

4.15490

0.0,7143
a.85387

0.0,6378
8.80465

0.0,6480
8.81157

0.08333
2.92082

0.06857
2.83614

0.0,3429
5.53511

0.0,3061
5.48590

0.0,3110
5.49281

0.07595
2.88056

0.0625
2.79588

0.0,3125
5.49485

0.0,2790
5 44563

0.0,2835
5.45255

0.8229
1.91532

0.0,4114

4.61429

0.0,3673
4.56508

0.0,3732
4.57199

0.0,1429

0.03110
2.49281

480
2.68124

0.02835
2.45255

437.5
2.64098

1.95974

0.3732
1.57199

5,760
3.76042

12

13.17

1 07918

1.11944

0.4536
1.65667

7,000
3.84510

14.58
1 .I6386

16
1.20412

1.215
0.08468

0.0005
4.69897

0.0,4464
4.64975

0.0,4536
4.65667

907.2
2.95770

140,

29,167

3.38571

2,000
3.30103

4.46489

320,
4.50515

2431

7.14613

0.8929
1.95078

0.9072
1.95770

1016
3.00691

15680,
7.19535

32,667
4.51411

35,840
4.55437

2722
3.43492

2,240
3.35025

1.12
0.04922

15,432,356

32,151
4.50719

35,274
4.54745

2679
3.42801

2,205
3.34333

1.102

0.9842

0.04230

1.99309

1000

3.00000

7.18843

1.016
0.00691
1

The equivalentsare given in the bold-facedtype. Logarithms of the equivalentsare given immediately below with the
characteristic
of the logarithm(i.e.,
3.04230 =0.0004230). In some cases, the equivalentshave been rounded off,while
the logarithmcorresponds to the equivalentcarriedto a greaternumber of decimal places.Subscriptsafterany figure-O,,
9,, etc.-mean that the figureis to be repeated the indicatednumber of times.

TABLE

Ibm
(avordupots)
to
kg

kg

1.52-CONVERSION

OF MASSES

oz
grams
lavorrdupois)
IO
to
oz
grams
(avoirdupois)

short

metric

tons

tons

(2.000lbn1)

(1000 kg)
t0

to

grams

lbm

gmns
10

(avo~rdupo!sj

grams

gram

04536

2 205

0 06480

1543

28 35

003527

0 907

0 9072

4409

0 1296

3086

5670

007055

1 a14

1361
1814

6614

0 1944
0 2592

4630

a5 05

0 1058

2 722

61 73

11340

01411

77 16
92 59

141 75

10

8818

to

metric
tons

short
tons

ionq
tons
(2 240lbm)
to
metric

long

tons

tons

1 102

1 016

0 984

2 205

2032

1968

3 307

3 048

2 953

3629

4409

4 064

3937

4536
5443

5 512

4921
5 905

2 268
2 722

11 02
1323

0 3240

17010

0 1764
02116

3 175

1533

04536

10803

19845

0 2469

6350

6614
7 716

5 080
6 096
7 112

3 629

1764

0 5184

12346

22680

0 2822

7257

8 818

8 128

7874

19 84

0 5832

13889

255 15

0 3175

8 165

9921

9 144

8858

082

0 3888

6889

PETROLEUM

l-76

TABLEl.53-VELOCITY
kmlhr

cm/set

ft/sec

60

3.6
0.55630

100
2.00000

3.281

196.85

0.51598

0.06
2.77815

1.667
0.22184

16.67

27.78
1.44370

0.01667
2.22104
0.2778
1.44370
0.01

EQUIVALENTS

mimin
1.77815

1.22184

ftlmin

mph

knots

2.29414

2.237
0.34965

1.943
0.28836

0.05468
2.73783

3.281
0.51598

0.03728
2.57150

0.03238
2.51022

0.9113

54.68
1.73783

0.6214

0.53959

I .95908

1.79335

1.73205

0.03281
2.51598

0.02237
2.34965

0.01943

0.29414

60
1.77815

0.8818
1.63367

0.59209

0.01136
2.05553

0.00987
3.99423

0.86839
1.93871

1.15155
0.06128

0.6
1.77815

0.036
2.55630

0.3048
1.46402

18.29
1.26217

1.097
0.04032

30.48
1.48402

0.005080
3.70586

0.3048
1.48402

0.01629
2.26217

0.5080
1.70586

0.01887

0.4470
1.65035

26.82

1.609
0.20670

44.70
1.65035

1.467

88

1.42850

0.16633

1.94446

1.8532
0.26793

51.479
1.71163

1.68894
0.22761

101.337
2.00577

0.51479

30.887

1.71163

1.48978

ENGINEERING

1.9685

2.22185

2.28836

1.77238

TABLE1.54-CONVERSIONOFLlNEARANDANGULARVELOClTlES
revimin
to
radslsec

rads/sec

0.1047
0.2094
0.3142
0.4189

9.55
19.10

0.5236
0.6283
0.7330
0.8378
0.9425

t0

revlmin

28.65
38.20
47.75
57.30
66.84
76.39
85.94

ftlmin
to
ftlmin cm/s
cm/s
10

1.97
3.94
5.91

7.87
9.84
II.81

13.78
15.75
17.72

0.508
1.016
1.524
2.032
2.540
3.048
3.556
4.064
4.572

TABLEl.55-CONVERSION
kilopascals atmospheres
Ibm per
to Ibm
to Ibm
sq in to
oer sa in.
kilopascals oer sa in.
1

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

6.8948
13789

20684
27.579
34.474
41.369
48.263
55.158
62.053

0.1450
0.2901
0.4351

0.5802
0.7252
0.8702
1.0153
1.1603
1.3053

14.70
29.39
44.09
58.78
73.48
88.18
102.9
117.6

132.3

ftls
to

cmls
to

mph

mph

cm/s

mph

ft/s

0.0224
0.0447
0.0671
0.0895

44.70

0.682

89.41
134.1
178.8

1.364

1.47
2.93

0.1118
0.1342
0.1566
0.1790
0.2013

t0

223.5
268.2

2.045
2.727
3.409
4.091

312.9

4.773
5.455
6.136

357.6
402.3

mph
to

4.40
5.87
7.33
8.80
10.27
11.73

13.20

OF PRESSURES'
Ibm per
sq in.to
atmospheres

atmospheres
to
kilopascals

0.0680
0.1361
0.2041
0.2722
0.3402
0.4083
0.4763
0.5444
0.6124

202.6
304.0
405.3
506.6
608.0
709.3
810.6

0.00987
0.01974
0.02961
0.03947
0.04935
0.05922
0.06908
0.07895

911.9

0.08882

101.3

kilopascals
IO

atmospheres

HANDBOOK

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS

& SYSTEMS

OF WEIGHTS

& MEASURES

TABLE1.56-PRESSURE

kg/cm
(metric
kilopascals atmospheres)

0.010197
2.00848

98.066

1.99152
6.8948
0.83852

0.07031

95.760
1.98119

0.9765
1.98966

EQUIVALENTS
columns of
mercury at
temperature 0%
and
g=9.80665 m/s2

short
tons
lbmlsq in.
0.14504
1.16148

per
sq ft

1-77

columns of water at
temperature 15%
and
g = 9.80665 m/s*

atmospheres

0.010443
2.01882

0.009869
3.87510

OOb:'sOl
i.99427

(m)
1.00886
0.1021

o(lndl3
1.47025
.

(in.)

(fU

0.60402
4.018

0.3349
1.52485

14.22

1.024

1.15300

0.01034

0.9678
1.98579

0.7356
1.86662

28.96
1.46177

10.01
1.00038

394.1
2.59556

32.84
1.51636

0.072
2.85733

0.06805
2.83280

0.05171
2.71360

2.036
0.30876

0.7037
1.84738

27.70
1.44254

2.309
0.36336

13.89

0.9451
1.97547

0.7183
1.85628

28.28
1.45143

9.774
0.99006

384.8
2.58521

32.07
1.50604

0.76
1.88081

29.92
1.47598

10.34
1.01459

407.1
2.60975

33.93
1.53058

39.37
1.59517

13.61
113378

535.7
2 72894

44.64
1.64976

0.3456
1.53861

13.61
1.13378

1.134
0.05460

39.37
1.59517

3.281
0.51598

2.84700

1.14267

101.325

1.0332

14.70

1.058

2.00573

0.01420

1.16722

0.02453

133.322
2.12490

1.3595
0.13338

19.34

1.392

1.316

1.28640

0.14373

0.11919

3.386
0.52975

0.03453
2.53823

0.4912
1.69124

0.03536
2.51857

0.03342
2.52402

0.02540
2.40484

9.798
0.99114

0.09991
2.99962

1.421
0.15262

0.1023
1.00996

0.09670
2.98541

0.07349

2.893

2.86622

0.46139

0.2489
1.39598

0.002538
3.40446

0.03609
2.55745

0.002599
3.41479

0.002456
3.39024

0.001867
3.27106

0.07349
2.86622

0.02540
2.40484

2.926
0.47516

0.03045
2.48364

0.4331
1.63663

0.03119

0.02947
2.46942

0.02240
2.35024

0.8819
1.94540

0.3048
1.48402

2.49397

TABLE 1.57-ENERGY

OR WORK

0.08333
2.92082
12
1.07918

EQUIVALENTS

metric
J

kg-m

0.10197
1.00848

kW
hours

hp
hours

hours

L-atm

0.7376
1.86760

0.0,2778
7.44370

0.0,3777
7.57711

0.0,3725
7.57113

0.009869
3.99427

0.0,2388
4.37809

0.0,9478
4.97670

ft-lbf

hp

kilocalories

Btu's

9.80665
0.9915207

7.233
0.85932

0.0,2724
6.43521

0.0,37037
6.56863

0.0,3653
6.56265

0.09678
2.98579

0.002342
3.36961

0.009295
3.96825

1.356
0.13220

0.1383
1.14068

0.0,3766
7.57590

0.0,51208
7.70932

0.0,50505
7.70333

0.01338
2.12647

0.0,3238
4.51029

0.001285
3.10890

1.3598

1.341
0.12743

35 526
4.55057

859.9
2.93443

3.53303

0.9863
1.99401

26 131
4.41715

632.4
2.80098

2,510
3.39961

1.0139
0.00598

26 493
4.42314

641.2
2.80699

2,544
3.40557

3.600~10~
6.55630

3.671 x lo5
5.56478

2.655~10'
6.42410

2.648x lo6
6.42288

270 000
5.43136

1.9529x10~
6.29068

0.7355
1.86658

2.8845~ lo6
6.42887

2.7375~10~
5.43735

1.98x106
6.29667

0.7457
1 87356

101.33
2.00573

10.333
1 .01421

74.74
1.87353

0.0,2815
5.44952

0.0,3827
5.58284

0.0,3775
5.57686

0.02420
2.38382

0.09604
2.98246

4187
3 62191

426.9
2.63036

3,088
3.48971

0.001163

0.001581
3.19902

0.001560
3.19304

41.32
1.61618

3.06558

3.988
0.59861

1055

107.6
2.03178

778.2
2.89110

0.0,2931
446697

0.0,3985
4.60042

0.0,3930
4.59444

10.41
1.01757

0.25200
1.40139

3.02360

0.13342

3,412

The equivalentsare given in bold-facedtype.Logarrthms of the equivalentsare given immediately below with the characteristrc
of the logarithm(1.e, 1.00848 = 0.00848).In some cases,the equivalentshave been rounded off,althoughthe logarithmcorresponds
to the equivalentcarriedto a greaternumber of dectmal places.Subscriptsafterany figure-O 3, 9,, etc.-mean thatthe figure
IS to be repeated the Indicatednumber of times.

PETROLEUM

l-70

calories
to

:
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

4.187
6.374
12.56
16.75
20.93
25.12
29.31
33.49
37.68

TABLE 1.58-CONVERSION

OF ENERGY, WORK, HEAT

ft-lbf
to
calories kg-m
0.1383
0.2388
0.2765
0.4777
0.4148
0.7165
0.9554
0.5530
1.194
06913
0.8295
1.433
1.672
09678
1.911
1.106
2.150
1.244

ft-lbf
to
Btu

to

kg-m
IO
ft-lbf
~
7.233
14.47
21.70
26.93
36.16
43.40
50.63
57.86
65.10

TABLE 1.59-POWER

kilocalorles
kg-m
IO
to
kg-m
kilocalories

Btu
to
ft-lbf

0.001285
0.002570
0.003855
0.005140
0.006425
0.007710
0.008995
0.01028
0.01156

ENGINEERING

4269
8539
1,281.
1,708.
2,135.
2,562.
2,989.
3,415.
3,642.

0.002342
0.004685
0.007027
0.009369
0.01172
0.01405
0.01640
0.01874
0.02108

778.2
1,556.
2,334.
3,113.
3,891.
4,669.
5,447.
6,225.
7,003.

EQUIVALENTS

kW

hD

metric hp

poncelets

kg-m/s

1.341

1.360
0.13343

1.020
0.00848

102.0
2.00848

737.6
2.86780

0.2388
1.37813

0.9478
1.97673

1.014
0.00599

0.7604
1.88105

76.04
188105

550
2.74036

0.1781
1.25066

0.7068
1.84936

0.75
1.87506

75
1.87506

542.5
2.73438

0.1757
1.24467

1.84328

100
2.00000

723.3
2.85932

0.2342
1.36961

0.9295
1.96825

7.233
0.85932

0.002342
3.36961

0.009295
3.96825

0.0,3238
4.51029

0.001285
3.10890

0.12743
0.7457
1.87256
0.7355
1.86658

0.9863
1.99402

0.9807

1.315

1.99152

0.11896

1.333
0.12493

0.009807

0.01315

0.01333

0.01

3.99152

2.11896

2.12493

2.00000

0.001356
3.13220

0.00182

0.00164

3.25946

3.26562

0.00136
3.14067

1.14067

4.187
0.62187

5.615
0.74934

5.692
0.75530

4.269
0.63036

2.63036

1.055

1.415
0.15074

1.434
0.15668

1.076
0.03178

2.03178

0.02320
For example

1 hp=07457

ft-lbflsec kilocalories/s Btulsec

0.1383

3,088
3.48971

426.9

778.2
2.89110

107.6

0.2520
1.40138

OF POWER
kW

kW

kW
to
hp

metric hp
to
kW

1.491
2.237
2.983
3.729
4.474
5.220
5.966
6711

1.341
2.682
4.023
5.384
6.705
8.046
9.387
10.73
12.07

0.7355
1.471
2.206
2.942
3.677
4.412
5.147
5.883
6.618

hp
to

4
5
6
7
8
9

3.968
0.59861

k\ni

TABLE 1.60-CONVERSION

to
metw
b
1360
2.719
4.079
5.438
6.798
8.158
9.520
10.88
12.24

hp

to
metric

0.6971

hp

metric hp
to
hp

1.014
2.028
3.042
4.055
5.069
6.083
7.097
8.111
9.125

0.9863
1.973
2.959
3.945
4.932
5.918
6.904
7.891
8.877

HANDBOOK

MATHEMATICAL

TABLES

& UNITS & SYSTEMS

OF WEIGHTS

TABLE 1.61-DENSITY

1-79

& MEASURES

EQUIVALENTS

AND CONVERSION FACTORS

Equivalents

Conversion Factors

kg/m 3

g/cm3

lbmlcu in.

lbmlcu ft

0.001

0.0,3613

0.0624
2.79539

0.00835
3.92143

62.43
1.79539

5.55787
1000

0.03613
2.55787

27.60
1.44217

4.44217

27680

IbmilJS. gal

1,728

16.019

0.01602

0.0,5787
4.76245

2.20466

119.83
2.07855

0.1198
1.07055

0.004329
3.63639

7.481
0.87396

For example,

1 kg/m

kg/m 3
to
Ibm/cu 11

g/cm 3
to
kg/m 3

kg/m 3
to
g/cm 3

32.037

0.0624
0.1249

1000

2000

0.001
0.002

0.92143

3
4

48.055
64.074

0.1873
0.2497

3000
4000

0.003
0.004

231
2.36361

5
6

80.092
96.111

0.3121
0.3746

5000
6000

0.005
0.006

0.1337

7
8

112.129
128.148

0.4370
0.4994

7000
8000

0.007
0.008

9
10

144.166
160.185

0.5619

9000
10 000

0.009
0.010

8.345

3.23754

1.20466

Ibm/cu ft
to
kg/m 3

1.12613
1

16.019

0.6243

= 0 0624 Ibmlcu ft.

TABLE 1.62-THERMAL
W/m.%

Cal/[s(cm/cm)C]

0.002388
1
0.2388
0.0002778
0.004134

418.7
100.0
0 1163
1.731

Wl[(cmlcm)C]

1
41868
10000
11.63
5.678

Cal/(s.cm*~ C)
0.0,2388
1
0.2388
0.0,2778
0.0,1355

Call[h(cm2/cm)aC]

0 0100
4.187
1
0001163
0.01731

Btu/[hr(sqft/ft)OF]

8.598
3600.
860
1
14.88

TABLE 1.63-THERMAL
W/m.%

CONDUCTIVITY

W/cm.%

CONDUCTANCE
Cal/(h.cm2.%)

0.0001
4.187
1
0.001163
0.0,5678

0.5778
241.9
57.78
0 0672
1

0.08598
3600
860
1
0.4882

TABLE 1.64-HEAT

Btu(hr-sqft-OF)
0.1761
7373
1761
2.048

FLOW

Wlm

Cal/s.cm*

Wlcm 2

Cal/h cm

Btulhr-sqft

0.0,2388
1
0.2388
0.0,2778
0.0,7535

0.0001
4 187
1
0 001163
0.0,3154

0.08598
3600
860
1
0.2712

0.3170
13272
3170
3.687
1

41868
10000
11.63
3.155

PETROLEUM

I-80

TABLE 1.65~-RELATIVE

OAPI
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

Relative
Density

Ibm1U.S. gal

OAPI

1.0000
0.9930
0.9861
0.9792
0.9725
0.9659
0.9593

8.328
8.270
8.212
8.155
8.099
8.044
7.989

0.9529
0.9465
0.9402
0.9340
0.9279
0.9218

7.935

33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55

7.882
7.830
7.778
7.727
7.676
7.627
7.578
7.529
7.481
7.434
7.387
7.341
7.296
7.251
7.206

0.9159
0.9100
0.9042
0 8984
0.8927
0.8871
0.8816
0.8762
0.8708
0.8654

*Calculated from the formula relatw

50% and pressure 760 mm fig

ENGINEERING

HANDBOOK

DENSITIES CORRESPONDING TO OAPI AND WEIGHTS PER U.S.

GALLON

Relative
Densitv
0.8602
0.8550
0.8498
0.8448
0.8398
0.8348
0.8299
0.8251
0.8203
0.8155
0.8109
0.8063
0.8017
0.7972
0.7927
0.7883
0.7839
0.7796
0.7753
0.7711

0.7669
0.7628
0.7587

Ibm/U.S. gal

OAPI

7.163
7119
7076
7.034
6.993
6.951
6.910
6.870
6.830
6.790
6752
6.713
6.675
6.637
6 600
6.563
6526
6.490
6.455
6.420
6.385
6.350
6.316

56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78

densely= (141 5)/(131 5+ -, hp,) The wghls

Relative
Density

Ibm0J.S. gal

='APl

6.283
6.249
6.216
6.184
6.151
6.119
6.087
6.056
6.025

79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93

0.7547
0.7507
0.7467
0.7428
0.7389
0.7351
0.7313
0.7275
0.7238
0.7201
0.7165
0.7128
0.7093
0.7057
0.7022
0.6988
0.6953
0.6919
0.6886
0.6852
0.6819
0.6787
0.6754

I this table are wghts

5.994
5.964
5.934
5.904
5.874
5.845
5.817
5.788
5.759
5.731
5.703
5.676
5.649
5.622

94
95

96
97
98
99
100

Relative
Density

1bmlU.S. gal

0.6722
0.6690
0.6659
0.6628
0.6597
0.6566
0.6536
0.6506
0.6476
0.6446
0.6417
0.6388
06360
0.6331
0.6303
0.6275
0.6247
0.6220
0.6193
0.6166
0.6139
0.6112

5.595
5.568
5.542
5.516
5.491
5.465
5.440
5.415
5.390
5.365
5.341
5.316
5.293
5.269
5.246
5.222
5.199
5.176
5.154
5.131
5.109
5.086

I air at 60F wth humldtty

Relative Density and Density

The relative

density

of a solid or liquid

is the ratio of the

mass of the body to the mass of an equal volume

at some standard temperature.
perature of4C
but the engineer

of water

At the present time, a tem-

[39F] is commonly
used by physicists,
uses 60F. The relative density of gases

the gram

If

is used as the unit of mass and the millimeter

or if the kilogram

is used as the

trades and industries.

The most

of these are the API and BaumC. The API scale

is approved by the American Petroleum Inst., the ASTM,

the U.S. Bureau of Mines, and the Natl. Bureau of Standards and is recommended
for exclusive use in the U.S.
petroleum

is usually expressed in terms of hydrogen

or air.
The density of a body is its mass per unit volume.
as the unit of volume,

scales are used in various

common

industry,

superseding

uids lighter than water.

and relative
density

the Baume scale for liq-

The relation between API degrees

is expressed
by the followmg

equation.

unit of mass and the liter as the unit of volume, the figures
representing the density are the same as the relative density of the body.
foot.
The relative
a hydrometer,

The inch-pound
density

of liquids

and different

unit is pounds per cubic

is usually

special arbitrary

measured

by

hydrometer

The
weights

relative
per U.S.

densities
gallon

corresponding
are given

to

API

in Table

1.65.

and