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Fluid Mechanics Lect2

1. The document discusses the general control volume conservation equation and its application to mass conservation in fluid mechanics. 2. It defines extensive and intensive properties, and describes how flux is calculated across a permeable boundary. 3. The general conservation equation equates the time rate of increase of an extensive property in the control volume to the net rate of efflux across the control surface. 4. For mass conservation specifically, applying the general equation requires that the time rate of change of mass in the control volume equals the net mass flow rate across the surface.

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87 views2 pages

Fluid Mechanics Lect2

1. The document discusses the general control volume conservation equation and its application to mass conservation in fluid mechanics. 2. It defines extensive and intensive properties, and describes how flux is calculated across a permeable boundary. 3. The general conservation equation equates the time rate of increase of an extensive property in the control volume to the net rate of efflux across the control surface. 4. For mass conservation specifically, applying the general equation requires that the time rate of change of mass in the control volume equals the net mass flow rate across the surface.

Uploaded by

David Ng
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CIVL 2310 Fluid Mechanics Lecture 2: General Control Volume Conservation Equation/ Mass Conservation

4.1 to 4.4 of Mechanics of Fluids, Merle C. Potter and David C. Wiggert, Brooks/Cole, 2001. Topics Extensive vs intensive properties Flux across a permeable boundary General CV conservation equation Conservation of mass 1. Extensive vs intensive properties Extensive prop.: integral generic quantity of the system, can be scalar or vectorial. We will denote it with Nsys. Intensive prop.: generic property of the system per unit mass, denoted as , so that:
N sys = d
sys

=density;

sys

d =total mass of the system

2. Flux across a permeable boundary The flux of Nsys across a differential area dA (on the surface of the control volume) can be expressed as: Flux across dA= vdA vdA (dot product): projection of v in the direction of A vdA=v cos dA 3. General CV conservation equation Consider the situation of figure 4.4 in the textbook. Conservation of Nsys requires evaluation of Nsys at two different times (t and t+t).

N sys t = d ; N sys t +t = d II t II + III t +t

The rate of change in Nsys during t can be obtained following the derivations in the textbook. Note that limt 0

N sys t +t N sys t

dN sys dt

limt 0

d + d d I II t +t II t = d t CV

limt 0

d d III t +t I t +t = v dA t t CS

where CS stands for the surface of the control volume. The final equation reads:

dN sys dt
time rate of increase of N in the system

d + CS v dA t CV
net rate of efflux of N across the control surface

time rate of increase of N in the control volume

If the property is conserved, then


0= d + CS v dA t CV

4. Conservation of mass Application of the general CV conservation equation using: N=m (mass); =1 (mass/mass) Mass conservation requires
0= d + CS v dA t CV

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