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    Pneumonia

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    Michael Urrutia
    Pneumonia is an inflammatory lung condition commonly caused by infections. It can be classified based on cause such as bacterial or viral, or location such as lobar or bronchopneumonia. Risk factors include old age, smoking, and underlying illnesses. Symptoms include fever, cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Treatment involves antibiotics, oxygen, breathing treatments, and preventing complications. Preventive measures consist of handwashing, not smoking, exercise, and a healthy diet to maintain lung health.

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    Pneumonia

    Uploaded by

    Michael Urrutia
    71 views19 pages
    Pneumonia is an inflammatory lung condition commonly caused by infections. It can be classified based on cause such as bacterial or viral, or location such as lobar or bronchopneumonia. Risk factors include old age, smoking, and underlying illnesses. Symptoms include fever, cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Treatment involves antibiotics, oxygen, breathing treatments, and preventing complications. Preventive measures consist of handwashing, not smoking, exercise, and a healthy diet to maintain lung health.

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    Pneumonia is an inflammatory lung condition commonly caused by infections. It can be classified based on cause such as bacterial or viral, or location such as lobar or bronchopneumonia. Risk factors include old age, smoking, and underlying illnesses. Symptoms include fever, cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Treatment involves antibiotics, oxygen, breathing treatments, and preventing complications. Preventive measures consist of handwashing, not smoking, exercise, and a healthy diet to maintain lung health.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    71 views19 pages

    Pneumonia

    Uploaded by

    Michael Urrutia
    Pneumonia is an inflammatory lung condition commonly caused by infections. It can be classified based on cause such as bacterial or viral, or location such as lobar or bronchopneumonia. Risk factors include old age, smoking, and underlying illnesses. Symptoms include fever, cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Treatment involves antibiotics, oxygen, breathing treatments, and preventing complications. Preventive measures consist of handwashing, not smoking, exercise, and a healthy diet to maintain lung health.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    PNEUMONIA

    PNEUMONIA
    DEFINITION

    Is an inflammatory process of the lung parenchyma that is commonly caused by infectious agents.

    CLASSIFICATION OF PNEUMONIA
    According to causes

    Bacterial (the most common cause of pneumonia) Viral pneumonia Fungal pneumonia Chemical pneumonia (ingestion of kerosene or inhalation of irritating substance) Inhalation pneumonia (aspiration pneumonia)

    CLASSIFICATION OF PNEUMONIA (CONT)


    According to areas involved

    Lobar pneumonia; if one or more lobe

    is involved Broncho-pneumonia; the pneumonic process has originated in one or more bronchi and extends to the surrounding lung tissue.

    PNEUMONIA
    MODE OF TRANSMISSION

    Ways you can get pneumonia include: Bacteria and viruses living in your nose, sinuses, or mouth may spread to your lungs.
    You may breathe some of these germs directly into

    your lungs (droplets infection).


    When foreign materials like food, liquids, vomit, or

    fluid from the mouth) are breathed into the lungs, this is called aspiration pneumonia

    PNEUMONIA
    PREDISPOSING FACTORS

    Immuno-suppresed patients
    Cigarette smoking

    Impaired consciousness ( loss of brain

    function due to dementia, stroke, or other neurological conditions)

    PNEUMONIA
    PREDISPOSING FACTORS

    Chronic lung disease (COPD)

    Frequent suction
    Other serious illness such as

    heart disease, liver cirrhosis, and DM Recent cold, laryngitis or flu

    REVIEW OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

    REVIEW OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PNEUMONIA

    Pneumonia---Simple Schematic Diagram


    Predisposing Factors:
    Precipitating Factors:

    a Age

    (Persons who are older are more


    (Males are more susceptible than

    susceptible

    Gender
    females)

    Lifestyle Present Health Condition Environment

    Exposure to Pathogen or Source of Infection Invasion of Microorganisms into the lungs via orifices which connects to URT Proliferation of Microorganisms Proliferation of Microorganisms Inflammation Process Tissue Injury
    (Caused by biologic agents)

    Irritation of the Respiratory Tract

    Vasodilation
    (Increased blood flow to the area)

    Increased Permeability
    (Protein Rich Exudate Containing Immunoglobulins and complement moves into injured area)

    HyperSecretion of Mucus

    Respiratory Congestion (alveolar sacs become inflamed and fluid filled

    Respiratory Insufficiency (Gas exchange is impaired

    Emigration of Leukocytes Increase in the number of leukocytes Phagocytosis

    Signs and Symptoms

    Fever Cough Shortness of breath Sweating Shaking chills Increased WBC count Chest pain that fluctuates with breathing (pleurisy) Headache
    Muscle pain

    Fatigue

    Pneumonia

    SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PNEUMONIA

    NURSING DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTIONS

    NURSING DIAGNOSIS
    Ineffective airway clearance related to

    inflammation, accumulation of secretions Impaired gas exchange related to changes in alveolar capillary membrane Activity intolerance related to decreased blood oxygen levels Increase in body temperature related to the infection process. Anxiety maybe related to situational crisis, threat to or change in health status.

    PNEUMONIA
    INDEPENDENT NSG. INTERVENTIONS:

    Monitor respiratory rate and status and note

    abnormal breath sounds Give the comfortable position that allows the patient to breathe well Perform chest physiotherapy (Back Tapping) Instruct patient to expectorate mucus secretions Provide health teaching regarding the importance of personal hygiene Provide sputum culture/sensitivity test Monitor fluid intake and output Explain all procedures to the patient and

    PNEUMONIA
    DEPENDENT NSG. INTERVENTIONS:
    Administer oxygen as per doctors orders

    Administer antibiotics as prescribed


    Provide supplemental humidification via use of

    nebulizer

    PNEUMONIA
    DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

    History taking

    Physical examination
    Chest x-ray

    Blood test
    Sputum culture

    PNEUMONIA
    PREVENTIVE MEASURES

    Wash hands Dont smoke- smoking damages your lungs 'natural defenses against respiratory infections. Stay rested and fit- proper rest and moderate exercise can help keep immune system strong Eat a healthy diet.

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