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Integrali Osnove

The document provides solutions to 13 integral calculus problems involving various techniques: 1) Finding antiderivatives of algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. 2) Performing u-substitutions to introduce new variables. 3) Using integration by parts to evaluate integrals of composite functions. 4) Integrating rational functions by splitting fractions. 5) Integrating algebraic functions involving radicals. 6) Integrating trigonometric functions and combinations thereof. 7) Evaluating definite integrals.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
185 views5 pages

Integrali Osnove

The document provides solutions to 13 integral calculus problems involving various techniques: 1) Finding antiderivatives of algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. 2) Performing u-substitutions to introduce new variables. 3) Using integration by parts to evaluate integrals of composite functions. 4) Integrating rational functions by splitting fractions. 5) Integrating algebraic functions involving radicals. 6) Integrating trigonometric functions and combinations thereof. 7) Evaluating definite integrals.

Uploaded by

fused
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTEGRALI

OSNOVE
1.
_
(3 2x) dx, R: 3x x
2
+ C
2.
_
3

xdx R: 2x
3
2
+ C
3.
_
x+1

x
dx R:
2x
3
2
3
+ 2

x + C
4.
_
(x
2
1)
3
x
dx R:
x
6
6

3x
4
4
+
3x
2
2
ln x + C
5.
_
(2
x
4
x
) dx R:
2
x
ln 2

4
x
ln 4
+ C
6.
_
(x
2
6x + 2)dx R:
x
5
5
3x
2
+ 2x + C
7.
_
x
3
2x+6
x
dx R:
x
3
3
+ 2x + 6 ln |x| + C
8.
_
tan
2
xdx R: tan x x + C
9.
_
(2 cos x 3 sin x) dx R: 2 sin x + 3 cos x + C
10.
_
6x
2
+4x+5
2x
3
+2x
2
+5x+7
dx R: ln

2x
3
+ 2x
2
+ 5x + 7

+ C
11.
_ _
1
1
x
2
_ _
x

xdx R:
4
7
x
4
7
+ x
1
4
+ C
12.
_
x
2
x
2
+1
dx R: x arctan x + C, Nasvet: v stevcu pristej in odstej 1
13.
_
2
x
3
x2
dx R:
6
x
9 ln 6
+ C
UVEDBA NOVE SPREMENLJIVKE
1.
_
(4x 3)
5
dx R:
1
24
(4x 3)
6
+ C
2.
_
5x 6dx R:
2
15
_
(5x 6)
3
+ C
3.
_
2x

x
2
+3
dx R: 2

x
2
+ 3 + C
4.
_
4x+6
x
2
+3x+2
dx R: 2 ln

x
2
+ 3x + 2

+ C
5.
_
5
(x3)
2
dx R:
5
x3
+ C
6.
_
3
x
2
+6x+9
dx R:
3
x+3
+ C
7.
_
ln
2
x
x
dx R:
ln
3
x
3
+ C
8.
_
sin
6
xcos xdx R:
sin
7
x
7
+ C
9.
_
sin(5x + 3)dx R:
1
5
cos (5x + 3) + C
1
10.
_
x
2
(x1)
100
dx R:
(x+1)
97
97

2(x+1)
98
98

(x+1)
99
99
+ C
11.
_
x
1+x
4
dx R:
1
2
arctan x
2
+ C
12.
_
tan xdx R: ln |cos x| + C
13.
_
1
1cos x
dx R: ctgx(sin x)
1
+C, Nasvet: stevec in imenovalec pomnozi
z 1 + cos x
PER PARTES
1.
_
ln xdx R: x(ln x 1) + C
2.
_ _
ln x
x
_
2
dx R:
1
x
_
ln
2
x + 2 ln x + 2
_
+ C
3.
_
x
2
sin 2xdx R:
_

x
2
2
+
1
4
_
cos 2x +
x
2
sin 2x + C
4.
_
x
3
e
x
dx R: e
x
_
x
3
3x
2
+ 6x 6
_
+ C
5.
_
e
x
sin xdx R:
e
x
2
(sin x cos x) + C
6.
_
xarctan xdx R:
x
2
2
arctan x +
1
2
x
1
2
arctan x + C
7.
_
x
2
arccos xdx R:
x
3
3
arccos x
1
3

1 x
2
+
1
9
_
1 x
2
_3
2
+ C
INTEGRALI RACIONALNIH FUNKCIJ
1.
_
2x3
x
2
3x4
dx R: ln

x
2
3x 4

+ C
2.
_
2x+3
x
2
+1
dx R: ln

x
2
+ 1

+ 3 arctan x + C
3.
_
x
3
+2x+4
x
2
+1
dx R:
x
2
2
+
1
2
ln

x
2
+ 1

+ 4 arctan x + C
4.
_
4
x
2
5x+6
dx R: 4 ln |x 3| 4 ln |x 2| + C
5.
_
2x
2
+41x91
(x1)(x+3)(x4)
dx R: 4 ln |x 1| 7 ln |x + 3| + 5 ln |x 4| + C
6.
_
2x+1
x
2
+2x+3
dx R: ln
_
x
2
+ 2x + 3
_

2
arctan
x+1

2
+ C
7.
_
2x
(1+x)(1+x
2
)
2
dx R:
1
2
ln |1 + x| +
1
4
ln

1 + x
2

+
x1
2(1+x
2
)
+ C
8.
_
1
(x
2
+1)
3
dx R:
3
8
arctan x +
3x
2
+5
8(x
2
+1)
2
+ C
INTEGRIRANJE ALGEBRSKIH FUNKCIJ
1.
_
3

1 3xdx R:
(13x)
4
3
4
+ C
2.
_
1

x
2
+2x+7
dx R: ln
_
x + 1 +
_
(x + 1)
2
+ 6
_
+ C
2
3.
_
1

x
2
2x
dx R: ln

x 1 +

x
2
2x

+ C
4.
_
1

23x
2
dx R:
1

3
arcsin
__
3
2
x
_
+ C
5.
_
1

x
2
+6x+10
dx R: arcsin
_
x3

19
_
+ C
6.
_
4x
2
+x+3

x
2
+1
dx R: (2x + 1)

x
2
+ 1 + ln
_
x +

x
2
+ 1
_
+ C
7.
_
t
2
+ 2t 1dt R:
1
2
(t + 1)

t
2
+ 2t 1 ln
_
t + 1 +

t
2
+ 2t 1
_
+ C
8.
_
8x10

52xx
2
dx R: 8

5 2x x
2
19 arcsin
1+x

6
+ C
9.
_
1

2x
2
+6x+1
dx R:

2
2
ln
_
2x + 3 +

4x
2
+ 12x + 2
_
+ C, Nasvet: ulomek
razsiri s

2.
10.
_
x
2
+

1+x
3

1+x
dx R: 6
_
(1+x)
16
6
16

2(1+x)
10
6
10
+
(1+x)
2
3
4
+
(1+x)
7
6
7
_
+ C, Nasvet:
nova sprem. 1 + x = t
6
INTEGRIRANJE KOTNIH FUNKCIJ
1.
_
1+2 cos x
sin x
dx R: 3 ln

tan
x
2

2 ln

1 + tan
2 x
2

+ C
2.
_
1
2 sin
2
+5 cos
2
x
dx R:
1

10
arctan
_
2 tan x

10
_
+ C
3.
_
sin
5
xdx R: cos x +
2
3
cos
3
x
1
5
cos
5
x + C
4.
_
cos
6
xdx R:
1
8
_
x +
3 sin 2x
2
+
3x
2
+
3 sin 4x
8
+
sin 2x
2

sin
3
2x
6
_
+ C
5.
_
sin
2
xcos
5
xdx R:
sin
3
x
3

2 sin
5
x
5
+
sin
7
x
7
+ C
6.
_
cos 4xcos 2xdx R:
1
12
sin 6x +
sin 2x
4
+ C
7.
_
sin xcos 2xsin 3xdx R:
1
4
x
sin 6x
24

sin 2x
8
+
sin 4x
16
+ C
8.
_
1
cos
3
x
dx R:
1
4
_
ln (1 sin x) +
1
1sin x
+ ln (1 + sin x)
1
1+sin x
_
+ C,
Nasvet: ulomek razsiri s cos x, nato nova sprem. t = sin x.
DOLO

CENI INTEGRAL
1.
8
_
1
_
4
3

x
2
3

x
_
dx, R: 36
2.

3
_
0
x

4x
2
dx, R: 1
3
3.
0
_
2
1

x
2
+2x+4
dx, R: ln 3
4.
ln 2
_
0

e
x
1dx, R: 2

2
5.
2
_
0
|1 x| dx, R: 1
6.

4
_
0
1
1+2 sin
2
x
dx, R:

3

3
7. ** Podan je integral I
n
=
1
_
0
x
n
sin xdx, n N. Dokazi, da zanj velja
rekurzijska formula I
n
=
1


(n+1)(n+2)

2
I
n
. Nasvet: per partes, u =
x
n+2
, ...
8. *
2
_
1
2
_
1 + x
1
x
_
e
x+
1
x
dx, R:
3
2
e
5
2
9. **
a
_
0

a
2
x
2
dx, a > 0, R:
a
2
4
, Nasvet: nova spremenljivka t : x = a sin t
PLO

CINA LIKA
1. Izracunaj ploscino lika, omejenega s krivuljo y = x
2
5x + 6 in obema
koordinatnima osema. R:
14
3
2. Izracunaj ploscino zaprtega obmocja, omejenega s krivuljama y = x
2
+4x,
y = x + 4. R:
125
6
3. Izracunaj ploscino zaprtega obmocja, omejenega s krivuljama y =
1
4
x
2
1,
y =
1
8
x
2
+ 2. R: 8

2
4. Izracunaj ploscino zaprtega obmocja, omejenega s krivuljami y = |ln x| ,
x = 0, 1, x = 10, y = 0. R: 8, 01 + 9, 9 ln 10
5. * Izracunaj ploscino obmocja, ki ga omejuje parabola y
2
= 2x in kroznica
x
2
+ y
2
= 8. R: 2
4
3
. Nasvet: obmocje razdeli na dve obmocji
6. Poisci ploscino obmocja, ki ga omejujeta grafa funkcij f(x) = 2x + 7,
g(x) =

2x 1 in os x. R:
11
3
Ploscina - polarne koordinate
1. Izracunaj ploscino lika, ki ga doloca lemniskata r
2
= 4 cos 2. R: 4
2. Izracunaj ploscino lika, ki ga doloca krivulja r = a sin 3. R:
a
2

4
4
3. Izracunaj ploscino lika, ki ga doloca krivulja r = 2 cos 4. R:
DOL

ZINA LOKA KRIVULJE


1. Izracunaj dolzino loka na krivulji y = ln sin x za

3
x
2
3
. R: ln 3
2. Izracunaj dolzino loka krivulje y =
x
2
4
ln

x na intervalu [1, e] R:
1
4
_
e
2
+ 1
_
3. Izracunaj dolzino loka na krivulji y = ln x za
3
4
x
12
5
. R:
27
20
+ ln 2
4. Dana je funkcija f(x) = ln
_
x +

x
2
1
_
, x [1, a] . Dokazi, da je p(a) +
s(a) = af(a), kjer je p(a) ploscina pod krivuljo za 1 x a, s(a) pa
pomeni dolzino loka za 1 x a.
5. Izracunaj dolzino loka parametricno podane krivulje od t = 0 do t = :
x =
_
t
2
2
_
sin t + 2t cos t, y =
_
2 t
2
_
cos t + 2t sin t. R:

3
3
PROSTORNINA TELESA
1. Izracunaj prostornino rotacijskega telesa, ki ga dobimo, ce se lik, omejen
s krivuljami xy = 4, x = 4, x = 1, y = 0 zavrti okrog osi x. R: 12
2. Izracunaj prostornino rotacijskega telesa, ki ga dobimo, ce se lik, omejen
s krivuljama y = a
x
2
a
in x + y = a zavrti okoli osi y. R:
a
3
6
3. Izracunaj volumen telesa, ki ga dobimo. ko se elipsa
x
2
a
2
+
y
2
b
2
= 1 zavrti
okoli osi x. R:
4
3
b
2
a
POVR

SINA ROTACIJSKEGA TELESA


1. Graf funkcije f(x) =

x x
2
+ arcsin

x zavrtimo okrog abscisne osi.


Izracunaj povrsino nastale vrtenine. R: 2
_

4
3
_
. Nasvet: da dolocis
integracijske meje, poisci denicijsko obmocje.
5

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