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Existing System Study

There have been prior efforts to integrate heterogeneous schemas and derive data across heterogeneous databases which can be classified into two approaches: 1) providing a global schema or allowing access to local schemas only, and 2) providing a multi-database query language. A theoretical foundation for such query languages was proposed by extending relational algebra and calculus to handle multiple databases. Current systems integrate schemas but various semantic discrepancies between databases can cause problems in the integration process.

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Arjun Jaiswal
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30 views

Existing System Study

There have been prior efforts to integrate heterogeneous schemas and derive data across heterogeneous databases which can be classified into two approaches: 1) providing a global schema or allowing access to local schemas only, and 2) providing a multi-database query language. A theoretical foundation for such query languages was proposed by extending relational algebra and calculus to handle multiple databases. Current systems integrate schemas but various semantic discrepancies between databases can cause problems in the integration process.

Uploaded by

Arjun Jaiswal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXISTING SYSTEM STUDY / PRESENT CONCEPTS / THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

To integrate heterogeneous schemata and derive data in a heterogeneous database environment, prior works have been carried out. These works can be classified as: 1. One is to provide a global schema for the independent databases by integrating their Schemas. Another variation of this approach does not require the creation of a global schema. The database administrator creates a schema describing only data that the application may access in the local databases. This type of system is also called a federated database system. 2. The other approach is by providing users a multi-database query language (Grant et al.1993). Users refer to the schemas and pose their queries against these schemas using the multi-database query language. A multi-database query language provides basic language constructs that allow users to issue queries across multiple database systems with heterogeneities. Grant et al. (1993) has proposed a theoretical foundation for such languages by extending the relational algebra and calculus to a multi-relational algebra and calculus. In the following, we only use the term heterogeneous database systems. The schema integration process may present a large number of problems caused by various aspects of semantic discrepancy due to the design autonomy of each participant. Present Architecture: a)
Global Uers

Standard format

Oracle

Ms Access

SQL Server

b)

Oracle

Ms Access

SQL Server

Multiple database query editor

User

Pitfalls in existing systems:


1. Value-to-value conflicts. These conflicts occur when databases use different representation for the same data. 2. Value-to-attribute conflicts. These conflicts occur when the same information is expressed as attribute values in one database and as an attribute name in another database. 3. Value-to-table conflicts. These conflicts occur when the attribute values in one database are expressed as table names in another database. 4. Attribute-to-attribute conflicts. This occurs when semantically related data ite

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