MANIPULATING STRINGS

Resources [1] Object Oriented Programming with C++ (3rd Edition) E Balagurusamy [2] Teach Yourself C++ (3rd Edition) H Schildt

INTRODUCTION

A string is a sequence of character. We have used null terminated <char> arrays (C-strings or C-style strings) to store and manipulate strings. ANSI C++ provides a class called string. We must include <string> in our program.

AVAILABLE OPERATIONS
Creating string objects. Reading string objects from keyboard. Displaying string objects to the screen. Finding a substring from a string. Modifying string objects. Adding string objects. Accessing characters in a string. Obtaining the size of string. And many more.

COMMONLY USED STRING CONSTRUCTORS

String();
//

For creating an empty string.

String(const char *str);

For creating a string object from a nullterminated string. For creating a string object from other string object.

String(const string &str);

CREATING STRING OBJECTS

string s1, s3; // Using constructor with no arguments. string s2(xyz); // Using one-argument constructor. s1 = s2; // Assigning string objects s3 = abc + s2; // Concatenating strings cin >> s1; cout << s2; getline(cin, s1) s3 += s1; s3 += abc;
// Reading from keyboard (one word)

// Display the content of s2

// s3 = s3 + s1; // s3 = s3 + abc;

MANIPULATING STRING OBJECTS

s1.insert(4, s2); s1.erase(4, 5); s2.replace(1, 3, s1);

// s1 = 1234abcde5 // s1 = 12345 // s2 = a12345e

MANIPULATING STRING OBJECTS

insert() erase() replace() append()

RELATIONAL OPERATIONS
Operator == != < <= > >= Equality Inequality Less than Less than or equal Greater than Greater than or equal Meaning

string s1(ABC); string s2(XYZ); int x = s1.compare(s2);

== 0 if s1 == s2 x > 0 if s1 > s2 x < 0 if s1 < s2

STRING CHARACTERISTICS
void display(string &str) { cout << Size = << str.size() << endl; cout << Length = << str.length() << endl; cout << Capacity = << str.capacity() << endl; cout << Max Size = << str.max_size() << endl; cout << Empty: << (str.empty() ? yes : no) << endl; cout << endl << endl; }

STRING CHARACTERISTICS
Function size() length() capacity() max_size() Task Number of elements currently stored Number of elements currently stored Total elements that can be stored Maximum size of a string object that a system can support Return true or 1 if the string is empty otherwise returns false or 0

emply()

resize()

Used to resize a string object (effects only size and length)

ACCESSING CHARACTERS IN STRINGS

find_last_of()

For finding the location of first occurrence of the specific character(s)

[] operator

For accessing individual character. Makes the string object to look like an array.

COMPARING AND SWAPPING

There is another overloaded version of compare int compare(int start_1, int length_1, string s_2, int start_2, int length_2) string s1, s2; int x = s1.compare(0, 2, s2, 2, 2); s1.swap(s2) Exchanges the content of string s1 and s2

LECTURE CONTENTS

[1] Object Oriented Programming with C++ (3rd Edition) E Balagurusamy

15 (Full)

[2] Teach Yourself C++ (3rd Edition) H Schildt

only Study the examples and exercise from both books carefully