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Introduction To Web Services: S.Sasirekha

Web services evolved from earlier distributed computing technologies like RPC, CORBA, and RMI to address issues of interoperability, firewall traversal, and complexity. Key components of web services include XML, SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI. XML provides a standard data format. SOAP defines how to communicate messages over HTTP. WSDL describes a service's operations and messages. UDDI allows services to publish their descriptions for discovery.

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59 views

Introduction To Web Services: S.Sasirekha

Web services evolved from earlier distributed computing technologies like RPC, CORBA, and RMI to address issues of interoperability, firewall traversal, and complexity. Key components of web services include XML, SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI. XML provides a standard data format. SOAP defines how to communicate messages over HTTP. WSDL describes a service's operations and messages. UDDI allows services to publish their descriptions for discovery.

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Introduction to Web Services

S.Sasirekha

History
Web services evolved from previous technologies that served the same purpose such as RPC, ORPC (DCOM, CORBA and JAVA RMI). Web Services were intended to solve three main problems: 1. Interoperability 2. Firewall traversal 3. Complexity

Interoperability
Earlier distributed systems suffered from interoperability issues because each vendor implemented its own on-wire format for distributed object messaging. Development of DCOM apps strictly bound to Windows Operating system. Development of RMI bound to Java programming language.

Firewall traversal
Collaboration across corporations was an issue because distributed systems such as CORBA and DCOM used non-standard ports. Web Services use HTTP as a transport protocol and most of the firewalls allow access though port 80 (HTTP), leading to easier and dynamic collaboration.

Complexity
Web Services is a developer-friendly service system. Most of the above-mentioned technologies such as RMI, COM, and CORBA involve a whole learning curve. New technologies and languages have to be learnt to implement these services.

Distributed Component Technology

Web Service definition revisited


A more precise definition: an application component that: Communicates via open protocols (HTTP, SMTP, etc.) Processes XML messages framed using SOAP Describes its messages using XML Schema Provides an endpoint description using WSDL Can be discovered using UDDI

Web Service Vs Web Application

Web Services Components


XML eXtensible Markup Language A uniform data representation and exchange mechanism. SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol A standard way for communication. UDDI Universal Description, Discovery and Integration specification A mechanism to register and locate WS based application. WSDL Web Services Description Language A standard meta language to described the services offered.

Example A simple Web Service


A buyer (which might be a simple client) is ordering goods from a seller service. The buyer finds the seller service by searching the UDDI directory. The seller service is a Web Service whose interface is defined using Web Services Description Language (WSDL). The buyer is invoking the order method on the seller service using Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) and the WSDL definition for the seller service. The buyer knows what to expect in the SOAP reply message because this is defined in the WSDL definition for the seller service.

Web Services(In Practice)

The Web Service Model


The Web Services architecture is based upon the interactions between three roles: Service provider Service registry Service requestor The interactions involve the: Publish operations Find operation Bind operations.

The Web Service Model (cont)


The Web Services model follows the publish, find, and bind paradigm.

1. publish

Web Service Registry

2. find

3. bind/invoke Web Service Provider Web Service Client

Web Service Protocol Stack

XML
XML stands for EXtensible Markup Language. XML is a markup language much like HTML. XML was designed to describe data. XML tags are not predefined. You must define your own tags. The prefect choice for enabling cross-platform data communication in Web Services.

XML vs HTML
An HTML example:
<html> <body> <h2>John Doe</h2> <p>2 Backroads Lane<br> New York<br> 045935435<br> [email protected]<br> </p> </body> </html>

XML vs HTML
This will be displayed as:
John Doe 2 Backroads Lane New York 045935435 [email protected]

HTML specifies how the document is to be displayed, and not what information is contained in the document. Hard for machine to extract the embedded information. Relatively easy for human.

XML vs HTML
Now look at the following:
<?xml version=1.0?> <contact> <name>John Doe</name> <address>2 Backroads Lane</address> <country>New York</country> <phone>045935435</phone> <email>[email protected]</email> </contact>

In this case: The information contained is being marked, but not for displaying. Readable by both human and machines.

SOAP
SOAP originally stood for "Simple Object Access Protocol" . Web Services expose useful functionality to Web users through a standard Web protocol called SOAP. Soap is an XML vocabulary standard to enable programs on separate computers to interact across any network. SOAP is a simple markup language for describing messages between applications. Soap uses mainly HTTP as a transport protocol. That is, HTTP message contains a SOAP message as its payload section.

SOAP Characteristics
SOAP has three major characteristics: Extensibility security and WS-routing are among the extensions under development. Neutrality - SOAP can be used over any transport protocol such as HTTP, SMTP or even TCP. Independent - SOAP allows for any programming model .

SOAP Building Blocks


A SOAP message is an ordinary XML document containing the following elements: A required Envelope element that identifies the XML document as a SOAP message. An optional Header element that contains header information. A required Body element that contains call and response information. An optional Fault element that provides information about errors that occurred while processing the message.

SOAP Request
POST /InStock HTTP/1.1 Host: www.stock.org Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 150 <?xml version="1.0"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-envelope" soap:encodingStyle=http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-encoding> <soap:Body xmlns:m="http://www.stock.org/stock"> <m:GetStockPrice> <m:StockName>IBM</m:StockName> </m:GetStockPrice> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope>

SOAP Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/soap; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 126 <?xml version="1.0"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-envelope" soap:encodingStyle="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-encoding"> <soap:Body xmlns:m="http://www.stock.org/stock"> <m:GetStockPriceResponse> <m:Price>34.5</m:Price> </m:GetStockPriceResponse> </soap:Body> </soap:Envelope>

SOAP Security
SOAP uses HTTP as a transport protocol and hence can use HTTP security mainly HTTP over SSL. But, since SOAP can run over a number of application protocols (such as SMTP) security had to be considered. The WS-Security specification defines a complete encryption system.

WSDL
WSDL stands for Web Services Description Language. WSDL is an XML vocabulary for describing Web services. It allows developers to describe Web Services and their capabilities, in a standard manner. WSDL specifies what a request message must contain and what the response message will look like in unambiguous notation. In other words, it is a contract between the XML Web service and the client who wishes to use this service. In addition to describing message contents, WSDL defines where the service is available and what communications protocol is used to talk to the service.

The WSDL Document Structure


A WSDL document is just a simple XML document. It defines a web service using these major elements: port type - The operations performed by the web service. message - The messages used by the web service. types - The data types used by the web service. binding - The communication protocols used by the web service.

WSDL Document
<message name="GetStockPriceRequest"> <part name="stock" type="xs:string"/> </message> <message name="GetStockPriceResponse"> <part name="value" type="xs:string"/> </message> <portType name=StocksRates"> <operation name=GetStockPrice"> <input message=GetStockPriceRequest"/> <output message=GetStockPriceResponse"/> </operation> </portType>

UDDI
UDDI stands for Universal Description, Discovery and Integration. UDDI is a directory for storing information about web services , like yellow pages. UDDI is a directory of web service interfaces described by WSDL.

Yes Yes

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