This document provides an introduction to the concept of Tawheed in Islam. It discusses two meanings of Tawheed - belief in the oneness of God and belief in God's uniqueness. It explains that all humans question their purpose and existence, and through human nature or fitrah, they are inclined to believe in a supreme creator, God. The document then uses rational arguments to logically prove the existence of God as the necessary first cause and eternal being who created all things. It establishes Tawheed, prophethood and the afterlife as the answers to the key questions that arise from human fitrah regarding identity, purpose and destiny.
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This document provides an introduction to the concept of Tawheed in Islam. It discusses two meanings of Tawheed - belief in the oneness of God and belief in God's uniqueness. It explains that all humans question their purpose and existence, and through human nature or fitrah, they are inclined to believe in a supreme creator, God. The document then uses rational arguments to logically prove the existence of God as the necessary first cause and eternal being who created all things. It establishes Tawheed, prophethood and the afterlife as the answers to the key questions that arise from human fitrah regarding identity, purpose and destiny.
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SHORT-TERM ISLAMIC COURSE
Bangalore-2012
TAWHEED
Compiled By: Syed Tamjeed Hyder
s
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Pehla Sabaq: Tawheed Kya hai?
Tawheed ke maani: Tawheed ke do maani haiN: 1) Khuda ke wujood par eimaan 2) Khuda ke eik hone par eimaan
Ham kyuN kisi Khuda ko maaneiN? Har insaan ke andar ye sawaal payda hota hai ke aakhir ham kisi ki ibaadat kyuN kareiN? KyuN kisi ke saamne sajda kareiN? In sawaalaat ke jawaab khud insaan ke andar maojood haiN. Agar ghaor kareiN to insaan ke andar ek aysi mushtarik cheez hai jo tabdeel nahi hosakti aur jise har insaan apne andar rakhta hai aur is shay ka naam hai Fitrat. Fitrat ek aysi shay hai jo insaan ki tarjumaani karti hai. Isi fitrat ke zariye ham tawheed par eimaan laaeiNge. InsaanoN me do baateiN paai jaati haiN ke jo kabhi tabdeel nahi ho sakteiN. Jise ham fitrat ka naam dete haiN. 1) Insaan kuNjkaao hai: yaani chhupi hui cheez ko zaahir karna chahta hai. Ye baat har insaan me maojood hai. Masalan agar ham kisi bachche ke saamne apni mutthiyaaN band karleiN aur bachche ke saamne rakheiN to bachcha bila jhijhak un mutthiyoN ko kholne ki koshish karega. KyuNki ye insaan ki fitrat me hai ki wo kisi bhi chhupi hui ya majhool ya ghaaeb cheez ko dhooNdhna aur zaahir karna chahta hai. 2) Insaan kamaal-ju hai: Yaani insaan kamaal pasand hai aur har waqt bulandi ki taraf jaana chahta hai. Ye baat bhi har insaan me paai jaati hai ke wo kamaal pasand hai. Agar ham kisi past se past tareen ohda rakhne waale se poocheiN ke aaya wo bulandi ko pasand karta hai? Ya mazeed past hona chahta hai? To wo yahi jawaab dega ke wo kamaal ki taraf badhna chahta hai. Isi tarah koi bhi insaan pasti ko dost nahi rakhta aur har lamha koshish me laga rehta hai ke kis tarah apni zindagi me kaamyaabi haasil kare. Yahi wo do baateiN haiN jo har insaan ko apni khilqat ke baare me ye sawaalt karne par majboor kardeti haiN: 1) Mai kaun huN aur kahaaN se aaya huN? 2) Mai kis liye banaaya aur is duniya me bheja gaya huN? 3) Mai kahaaN jaauNga? Aur meri aaqebat kya hogi? Ye sawaalaat har insaan ke zehn me ubharte haiN kyuNki har insaan me ek hi fitrat paai jaati hai jo kabhi tabdeel nahi hoti. Baaz hazaraat in sawaalaat ke jawaab haasil karne me gaamzan hote haiN aur baaz in sawaaloN ko apne andar dabaa kar jahaalat ka chashma apni aaNkhoN par pehne ghoomte haiN. Agar ye log bhi in sawaaloN par ghaor kareiN to inheiN bhi kisi aysi hasti ko maanna padega ke jisne inheiN khalq kiya ho. 1) Mai kaun huN aur kahaaN se aaya huN? - 2 -
2) Mai kis liye banaaya aur is duniya me bheja gaya huN? 3) Mai kahaaN jaauNga? Aur meri aaqebat kya hogi? Ye teen sawaal jo har insaan ke zehn me payda hote haiN, inhi ke ye teen jawaab haiN: 1) Hasti shanaasi (Khuda shanaasi) 2) Insaan shanaashi (Khud shanaasi) 3) Raah shanaasi (Maaad shanaasi) Lihaaza inhi teen shanaakht ka naam hai Tawheed, Nubuwwat aur Qayaamat. Pehla sawaal: Mai kaun huN aur kahaaN se aaya huN? Ye sawaal har insaan ke zehn me namoodaar hota hai ke use kisne banaaya? Uski illat kya hai? Is duniya me ham khud jo kuch kartye haiN uski koi na koi illat maojood hai. Science bhi yahi kehti hai ke har cheez ka koi na koi cause (illat) maujood hai. Misaal ke taor par: Agar mai kisi motor car me baithuN aur baitha rehjaauN, kuchh na karuN to kya gaadi harkat karegi? Hargiz nahiN, kyuNki harkat ke liye kisi illat ka hona zaroori hai. Isi tarah darakht ke ugne ke liye beeNj ka zameen me dafn hona zaroori hai. Yaani har cheez ki harkat ke liye kisi na kisi illat ka hona laazmi hai. Isi tarah insana bhi ek mutaharrik shay ka naam hai, lihaaza insana ki bhi illat honi chahiye. Koi to hai jisne insaan ko harkat di, insaan ko banaaya, khalq kiya. Yaani hamaari bhi koi illat moujood hai. Ab agar koi maojood ha bhi isi qaanoon ke hisaab se uski bhi illat honi chahiye ke jisne use banaaya ho. Isi tarah ye illatoN ka silsala badhta chala jaaega aur hame is sawaal ka jawaab kabhi nahi milega. Lihaaza kaheeN to ye silsila ruke, koi to ho jiski koi illat na ho, jo illat-ul-ilal (illatoN ki illat) hai, jisne sabko payda kiya, jo har shay ka khaaliq hai. Jo ham sab se buland hai. Is duniya me jo kuchh hai, wo ya: 1) Waajib-ul-Wujood hai ya 2) Mumkin-ul-Wujood hai. Mumkin-ul-Wujood yaani aysa maojood jiski illat maojood hai aur jiska hona mumkin hai. Jiske hone ya na hone me koi farq na ho. Masalan farz kijiye ke koi insaan kisi diye hue waqt me chal raha hai. Uske ikhtiyaar me hai ke chale ya na chale, uska chalna na uske liye waajib hai aur na hi naa-mumkin. Isi tarah insaan ka hona waajib nahi hai aur naa hi naa-mumkin. Lihaaza is duniya ki har shay Mumkin-ul-Wujood hai aur agar wo na ho duniya ko koi farq nahi padne waala. Waajib-ul-Wujood ka matlab wo hai ke jiski koi illat maojood nahi aur jo har cheez ki illat hai, har cheez ki wajah hai, har cheez ko banaane waala hai. Ek aysa wujood jiska hona zaroori hai aur agar wo na ho to ye duniya bhi nahi hosakti. Iska matlab koi to aysa hai jisne sabko banaaya hai aur jise kisi ne nahi banaaya aur jiska ek hona bhi zaroori hai kyuNki agar wo ek nahi hoga to koi uske baraabar hoga, magar wo sabse buland martaba hai. kamaal-ju waali fitrat se ye saabit hai ke jo hamaara banaane waala ho wo sabse buland ho. Ab ye baat saabit hogai ke koi to aysa hai jo har maojood o makhlooq ka khaaliq hai, jo sab se buland hai, jisne sabko banaaya hai aur use kisi ne nahi banaaya. Ab agar ham use pehchaaneiN to kiske zariye pehchaaneiN? - 3 -
Hamaare paas shanaakhte Khuda ke 4 raaste haiN: 1) Raahe Tajrubi: Apne tajrube ke zariye, yaani apne paaNch senses ke zariye ham duniya ko dekheiN aur Khuda ko pehchaaneiN. 2) Raahe Aqli: Apni aql ke zariye, istedlaal ke zariye Khuda ko pehchaaneiN. 3) Raahe Taabbudi: Kisi ki baat sunkar ham Use pehchaaneiN, kisi Maula ki baat ya ayse kisi ki baat jiski ham ibaadat karte hoN. 4) Raahe Shahoodi: Khud apni androoni quwwat se Khuda ko pehchaaneiN. In chaar raastoN me sabse behtareen aur saabit-tareen aur aasaan tareen raasta Raahe Aqli hai, kyuNki aql hi ek aysi cheez hai jo har insaan me maojood hai aur jo mehdood nahi hai, jabke saare raaste kaheeN na kaheeN mehdood hojaate haiN. Ab ham aql ke zariye Khuda ko pehchaaneiNge. Jo bhi aql me aajaae use Maaqool kehte haiN aur maaqoolaat do qism ke haiN: 1) Maaqoolaat-e-Maahuwa Jo kisi cheez ki maahiyat aur haqeeqat bayaan karti hai. Misaal: Insaan. Agar ham poocheiN ke Zaid kaun hai? Aur jawaab me kaheiN ke Zaid ek insaan hai. To Zaid ke baare me aur uski saari haqeeqat ka pata chal jaata hai. Ye bataane ki zaroorat nahi ke wo chalta hai, khaata hai, bolta hai, hasta hai, waghaera. Jab Insaan kehdiya to saari baateiN samajh me aagayiN aur ab Zaid ko insaan saabit nahi karna padega aur bas dekh kar use insaan samajh liya jaaega. Ise kehte haiN Maaqoolaat-e-Maahuwa.
2) Maaqoolaat-e-Intezaai: Intezaa kehte haiN haasil karne ko, istedlaal ke zariye ya kisi maloom se majhool tak pahuNchna. Misaal: Agar aapse koi poochhe ke motor engine ki haqeeqat kya hai? To jawaab milega motor use kehte haiN jo chalti hai. Jabke uski haqeeqat wo hai jisse wo bani hai, Loha ya Plastic. Ise kehte haiN intezaaI, ke ek cheez se doosri cheez ke baare me ilm haasil karna. Jab hamne tayy karliya ke ham Khuda ko aql ke zariye pehchaaneiNge, to iska matlab ham az tareeqe intezaaI Khuda ki shanaakht kareiNge. Yaani daleelo istedlaal ke zariye.
Duniya ki ibtedaa: Khuda ka inkaar karne waaloN me aur Khuda par eimaan rakhne waaloN me kaafi farq hai, magar ye donoN ek ehm baat par ittefaaq rakhte haiN. Wo ye ke jo kaaenaat ka buniyaadi zariya hai wo abadi (eternal) hai aur jiski koi hadd nahi hai. Jiski na koi shurooaat hai na koi ikhtetaam. Jo hamesha se hai aur hamesha rahega. Doosre lafzoN me kahaa jaae to Waajib-ul- Wujood hai. KyuNki ye baat bahut waaze hai ke duniya ki har shay mumkin-ul-wujood hai, yaani uska hona aur na hona baraabar hai. Jo kabhi maojood nahi the, aur phir wujood me aae, aur kabhi phir maojood nahi hoNge. Tabeeatan wo maojood hone ya naa hone - 4 -
ki maang nahi kar sakte. Lihaaza koi to aysa zariya ya illat maojood ho jo unheiN wujood me laae aur phir unheiN khatm karde. Ye baat dilchasp hai ke kuffaar aur Khuda ka saaf inkaar karne waale bhi is baat ko maante haiN ke kisi naa- maojood se koi wujood me nahi aasakta. Kuch nahi se Kuch payda nahi ho sakta. Ab yahaaN ek ehm farq saamne aata hai: Kuffaar aur Khuda ka inkaar karne waale ye kehte haiN ke wujood ki illat (zariya) Maaddi hai aur eimaan waale aur muwahhideen kehte haiN ke wujood ki illat Khuda hai. Is baat ko ham aainda saabit kareiNge. Ab ye nateeja lete haiN ke Khaaliq ka Abadi (eternal) hona zaroori hai. Abadi hone ke liye zaroori sifaat: 1) Iske maani hi se baat waaze hai ke wo hamesha se ho aur kabhi uska khaatema na ho. Masalan agar ham uski ibtedaa ki baat kareiN to ye sawaal saamne aaega ke us se pehle kya tha jab uski ibtedaa hui? Lihaaza hameiN ye baat maanni padegi ke abadi ki koi ibtedaa nahi aur wo hamesha se hai aur hamesha rahega. 2) Isi illat ki bina par, uski koi intehaa nahi honi chahiye. KyuNki wo kabhi ghaer-maojood nahi hosakta. 3) Abadi ka beniyaaz hona zaroori hai. Yaani use kisi cheez ka ehtiyaaj na ho. KyuNki agar wo kisi cheez ka mohtaaj hoga to wo us cheez par munhasir hoga. Magar Abadi (eternal) kabhi mohtaaj nahi ho sakta. Aur wo har tarah ki khoobi rakhta hai. Aur use kisi cheez ki zaroorat nahi. 4) Abadi, Murakkab (compound, mixture) nahi hosakta. KyuNki agar to murakkab hoga to apne ajzaa par munhasir (dependent) hoga, jabke abadi kisi par munhasir nahi ho sakta aur wo beniyaaz hai. 5) Abadi, na jism ho sakta hai na sath (surface), na koi lakeer hai na koi nuqta. Agar jism hoga to jagah ki zaroorat padegi, aur hamne pehle hi saabit kardiya ke Abadi ko kisi cheez ki zaroorat nahi aur wo kisi cheez ka mohtaaj nahi. Dekha jaae to kisi sath ke liye jism ka hona zaroori hai, kisi lakeer ke liye sath ka hona aur kisi nuqte ke liye lakeer ka hona zaroori hai. Lihaaza, Abadi na sath hai na jism aur na hi nuqta. Na wo kisi jism me paai jaane waali cheez hai. Masalan Tool-o-arz, rango boo waghaera. KyuNki aysi cheezeiN bhi jism ki mohtaaj hoti haiN. 6) Abadi ke liye koi tabdeeli ka tasawwur bhi nahi kiya jaa sakta. Masalan agar wo behtari ke liye tabdeel ho to iska matlab wo pehle behtar nahi tha, jabke use hamesha se behtar aur kaamil tar hona zaroori hai. Aur agar kamtari me tabdeel hojaae to iska matlab ye ke ab use kisi aysi cheez ki zaroorat hai jo use mukammal kare. Aur hamne kaii baar ye saabit kiya hai ke Khuda ko kisi bhi cheez ki zaroorat nahi hai. Aur dekha jaae to tabdeeliyaaN jism rakhne waali cheezoN me aati - 5 -
haiN aur Abadi (eternal) ka na koi jism hai aur na hi koi tool-o-arz. 7) Abadi, jaandaar ho. KyuNki har jaandaar ka payda karne waala khud bejaan nahi ho sakta. Aur ye cheez aql ke liye qaabile qubool nahi hai. 8) Abadi ke liye Aalim-e-Kul hona zaroori hai. Agar ham ek zarre ko dekheiN to use sabse behtareen paaeiNge aur agar poori kaaenaat ko bhi dekheiN tab bhi use sab se behtareen paaeiNge, is se ye pata chalta hai ke iska banaane waala sab kuch jaanta hai. 9) Abadi, har hamesha har cheez par qaadir hai aur har cheez par mukammal qudrat rakhta hai.
Nateeja: Is sabaq me hamne seekha: 1) Insaan ki fitrat apne wujood ke baare me sawaal karti hai ke use kisne payda kiya. 2) Isi sawaal ke tehet insaan apne khaaliq ke baare me justuju karta hai. 3) Justuju aur Khuda ko pehchaanne ka sabse behtareen zariya aur raasta aql ka hai kyuNki yahi ek shay hai jo insaanoN me mushtarak hai aur daleelo istedlaal me kaam aati hai. 4) Insaan ke wujood ki koi illat hai to us illat ki bhi illat ka hona zaroori hai. Agar yuN dekha jaae to ye illat ka silsila chalta jaaega aur hameiN kisi ayse ko maanna padega ke jiski koi illat na ho aur jo illat-ul-ilal ho. 5) Khuda hone aur Abadi hone ke zaroori sifaat. Doosra Sabaq: Allah ki wahdaaniyat
Ek hona, iske kya maani haiN? Is behs me jab ham Khuda ki wahdaaniyat aur ek hone ki baat karrahe haiN to aaiye jaante haiN ke is jumle me ek ke kya maani haiN. Hamaari roz marra ki zabaan me lafze Ek kaii maanoN me istemaal hota hai: 1) Insaan aur ghoda ek haiN. YahaaN ek ke maani ek tareeqe ya jaandaar hone ke haiN. 2) Bakr aur Smith ek haiN. Yaani dono ek zaat (insaan) haiN. 3) Aap do Doctors ko dekhkar kehte haiN ke dono ek haiN. yahaaN ek ka matlab ye hai ke dono ek peshe ke haiN, dono Doctor haiN. 4) Ek litre doodh aur ek litre paani ek haiN. YahaaN Ek ka matlab hai donoN ek wazn ke haiN. 5) Garm paani aur garm doodh ek haiN. YahaaN ek ka matlab hai ke donoN garm haiN. 6) Khaalid ke bete bakr aur umar ek haiN. YahaaN ek ka matlab ye ke donoN ek baaat ke bete haiN. 7) Koi aysi cheez jiski koi misaal ya nazeer na ho use ek kaha jaata hai. Masalan sooraj ek hai. ek hone ke ye saare maani aur mafhoom ye haiN ke uske do hosakte haiN, yaani ye ginti me ek haiN. Do cheezeiN ek jaisi haiN yaani un me koi na koi cheez milti hai. Isi tarah Ek aur Ahad ke kaii hazaar maani ho sakte haiN. Magar ham jab kehte haiN Allah ek hai to hamaara manzoor ye hota hai ke Khuda is - 6 -
tarah ka ek nahi jo do hossakta ho. Ahad yaani Allah ke koi hisse nahi haiN jis me wo bataa ho. Allah ko baantne ka tasawwur bhi nahi kiya jaa sakta. Allah ek se zaaed nahi ho sakta: Allah ek se zaaed nahi ho sakta. Is daawe ki bahut saari daleeleiN maojood haiN. Unme se do daleel pesh shuda haiN: Pehli daleel: ye baat hamne pehle saabit kardi hai ke Allah abadi hai, yaani hamesha se tha aur hamesha rahega. Aur Allah murakkab nahi hai yaani kisi cheez se milkar nahi bana hai. Farz kijiye ke do ek tarah ke qalam (pen) maojood haiN. Size, rang, wazn aur har cheez me ek jaise haiN. Lekin phir bhi ye ek nahi haiN, inheiN do hi kaha jaaega. Lihaaza har qalam ke do khusoosiyaat haiN: awwalan wo khusoosiyaat jo dusre qalam se milti haiN, saaniyan wo khusoosiyaat jo use doosre qalam se juda karti haiN. Ye cheezeiN har un cheezoN par laagu hota hai jo dikhne me ek hote haiN. Agar ye misaal li jaae to do abadi, donoN murakkab hote, har ek ki koi mushtarak khusoosiyat hoti aur har ek ki koi munfarid khusoosiyat hoti. Iska matlab abadi murakkab hota, jabke hamne pehle hi saabit kardiya hai ke abadi kabhi murakkab nahi ho sakta. Doosri daleel: Farz kijiye ke do Khuda haiN. Kya ek Khuda doosre ko hukm karsakta hai? Agar haaN, to iska matlab doosra Khuda qaadir nahi hai aur kamzor hai. Agar nahi, to iska matlab ye pehla Khuda kamzor hai ke jo doosre par hukm nahi chala sakta. DonoN lihaaz se Khuda har cheez par qaadir nahi reh paaega. Aur agar ye kaha jaae ke donoN ki ek hi soch hai aur donoN ek hi tarah amal karte haiN, to phir do ki kya zaroorat hai? Aysa ek hi Khuda kaafi hai jo kaaenaat ko chala sakta ho. Ab jab hamne saabit kardiya ke Khuda ka hona aur uska aur uska ek hona zaroori hai, to ham ne tauheed ke donoN maanoN par eimaan laaya. Khuda ke wujood par aur Khuda ki wahdaaniyat par. Ab ham is Khuda ko leiNge jo hamne samjha hai, aur duniya ke adyaan aur mazaahib me dekheiNge ke kis mazhab me ayse Khuda ka tasawwur hai, jise hamaari aql ne saabit kiya aur qubool kiya hai. Aaiye duniya ke kuch ehem adyaano mazaahib ka jaaeza leiN aur dekheiN ke kaunsa deen Khuda ki aysi tasweer pesh karta hai. 1) Parsi (zoroastrain): Do Khuda ko maante haiN, ek nekiyoN ka Khuda (Noor) aur doosra buraaiyoN ka Khuda (Andhera). 2) Budhists: Khuda par eimaan nahi rakhte balke Gautam Budha ka but banaakar use Khuda maan kar poojte haiN. Jainism me bhi yahi hota hai. 3) Hinduism: Bunyaadi taor par hindu 3 KhudaaoN ko maante haiN, aur riwaayati taor par 33 million devi devtaa rakhte haiN. Apne ko muwahhid kehne ke liye kehte haiN ke in saare KhudaoN ke peeche ek roohaani taaqat hai jise wo Brahma kehte haiN. 4) Maseehiyat (Christians): Maseehi 3 KhudaaoN par eimaan rakhte haiN. Kehte haiN ke Khuda ke teen hisse haiN, Baap, Beta aur Rooh-al-Quds. Iska - 7 -
matlab wo Khuda ko teen hissoN me baant dete haiN. 5) Islam: In saare adyaan ko dekhne ke baad jab ham Islaam ke aqaaed par nazar daalte haiN to pata chalta hai ke Islam hi bas ek aysa deen hai jo aql se saabit shuda hai, wahi Khuda ka tasawwur Islam bhi pesh karta hai. Yaani Khuda maojood hai, Ek hai, beniyaaz hai, jismo rango boo nahi rakhta. Saare adyaan ko khangaalne ke baad aur kaafi tehqeeq ke baad hamne ye jaana ke Islam hi ek aysa deen hai jo fitrat aur aql ke bilkul qareeb hai, ham Islam par eimaan le aate haiN. Jab ham Musalmaan hogae to ab Islam me jo Khuda ka mazeed tasawwur hai iska tafseel se jaaeza leiNge.
Teesra Sabaq: Islam me Tawheed ke qaanoon
Ab jab hamne Islam ko qubool karliya to aaiye mazeed jaante haiN ke Islam me tawheed ke mtallaq kya qaanoon bataae gae haiN. Tawheed ek aysi buniyaad hai jis par Islam ki poori imaarat khadi hui hai. Tawheed ko samajhne aur uspar eimaan laane me chhoti se chhoti ghalati bhi poore eimaan ki buniyaadoN ko kamzor kar sakti hai. Har Musalman ki sabse pehli aur sabse ehem zimmedaari ye hai ke wo is baat ka khayaal rakhe ke usse kisi qism ka shirk sarzad na ho. KyuNki shirk ek khatarnaak zehr ki maanind hai jo insaan ko khatm kardega. Lihaaza Allah Subhaanahu Wa taaala ne kisi bhi qism ke shirk se doori rakhne ka hukm diya hai. Musalmaan shirk se bach sakta hai agar wo tawheed ke in qaanoon par amal kare jo Rasool Allah (s.a.w) aur Masoomeen (a.s) ne hame bataae haiN. Chaar tarah ke ehem qanoon (rules) haiN jin par amal karna har Musalmaan par zaroori hai.
Pehla Qanoon: Allah ki mutlaq wahdaaniyat par eimaan laana
Un cheezoN ko radd karna jise Khuda maana jaata hai aur sirf aur sirf ek Khuda par yaqeen rakhna. Shahaadate Laa ilaaha illallaah ka yahi mafhoom hai. Lihaaza ye pehla qaanoon hameiN sikhaata hai ke ham - 8 -
Khuda ki mutlaq wahdaaniyat par eimaan laaeiN aur baaqi saari cheezoN ko radd kareiN. 1) Allah beniyaaz o mukhtaar hai: Allah ye aysa maojood hai jo kisi doosre maojood par munhasir nahi hai. Har cheez us par munhasir hai aur wo kisi cheez ki madad nahi chaahta na use kisi ki zaroorat hai. Is baat ki tashreeh me chand nukaat peshe Khidmat haiN: (a) Koi Nabi baghaere izne Khuda koi mojeza nahi dikha sakta. (b) Koi bhi tabeeb ya Doctor apni zaati quwwat se kisi ki jaan nahi bacha sakta. Isi tarah koi baghaers izne Khuda kuch nahi kar sakta aur agar Allah na chaahe to kisi ki koi qudrat nahi hogi. < .l| | > _>l `,1l .:.>!. .. . .l !. _ ,...l !. _ _ _. : _ _: .:..s | ..:|, `l-, !. _,, `,., !. l> L,>`, ,`_:, _. ..ls | !., ,!: _. ,. ,...l _ .:::, !,L> > _l-l `,L-l ___ Is Khudaae yagaana ke siwa koi maabood nahi jo zinda hai aur apni zaat se qaaim hai aur baaqi maojoodaat uske saath qaaim haiN. Use kabhi ooNgh aur neend nahi aati (aur lamha bhar ke liye jahaane hasti ki taabeer se ghaafil nahi hota) jo kuchh aasmaanoN aur zameenoN me hai, usi ki taraf se hai. Kaun hai jo uske huzoor uske farmaan ke baghaer shifaaat kare (is liye shifaaat ke ehl logoN ke liye shifaaat karne waaloN ki shifaaat uske Maalike mutlaq hone me koi kami nahi kar sakti). Jo kuch un (BandoN) ke saamne aur jo kuch unke peechhe hai use Wo jaanta hai (aur logoN ke guzishta aur aainda haalaat yaksaaN taor par Uske ilm me haiN) aur siwaae us miqdaar ke jise wo chaahe koi shakhs Uske ilm se waaqif nahi ho sakta (wo aysi zaat hai ke jo tamaam cheezoN se aagaah hai aur doosroN ka mehdood ilm o daanish usi ke laamutnaahi aur laa mehdood ilm ka partau hai) aur Uski (hukoomat) aasmaanoN aur zameen ko apne andar liye hue hai aur un (aasmaanoN aur zameen) ki nigehdaari Uske liye garaaN nahi hai aur bulandiye maqaam aur azmat Usi se makhsoos hai. (Baqarah: 255) Lihaaza kisi bhi chhote ya bade kaam karne ke liye har ek ko Uski madad darkaar hai aur baghaer uski madad ke koi kuch nahi kar sakta. Lihaaza isi sifaat ke tehet Khuda ke naamoN me se ek naam Ghani hai, yaani har cheez se beniyaaz hai. Ek aur aayat me Quran isi baat ki tasdeeq karta hai: !!., '_!.l `.. ',1l _|| < < > _.-l .,.>l _ Ay logo! Tum Khuda ke mohtaaj ho aur sirf Khuda hi beniyaaz hai aur har qism ki hamdo sana ke laaeq hai. (Faatir:15) 2) Allah hi har cheez ka khaaliq hai Is qanoon ka doosra ehem qaanoon ye hai, ke Allah hi har maojood ka waahid khaaliq hai, chaahe zaahir ho ya - 9 -
makhfi, maaddi ho ya ghaere maaddi, naazuk ho ya thos ho ya hawaa. Allah har ek maojood ka waahid khaaliq hai. Lihaaza har cheez usse hai aur wo kisi se nahi hai. Quran isi baat ki tasdeeq karta hai ke: Kehdo! Allah hi har shay ka Khaaliq hai Is qanoon ke tehet hameiN har maojood ke baare me ye eimaan laana hai ke use Allah ne banaaya, chaahe zaahiri taor par insaan use kisi shakl me dhaal de, magar asl cheez Khuda ne banaai aur koi aur kisi cheez ko khalq nahi kar sakta. Science jo kuch khojti hai use takhleeq ka naam nahi diya jaa sakta, kyuNki har qism ki khilqat to bas Allah hi kar sakta hai.
Doosra qanoon: Allah hi har nemat ka waahid zariya hai.
1) Allah par mukammal bharosa (Tawakkul bar Khuda) Is baat par hameiN eimaan rakhna chahiye ke har cheez ka hatmi nateeja (ultimate result) sirf Allah ke haath me hai. Quran ne kaha: _|| < _>. '`. __ aur tamaam umoor ki baazgasht Allah ki taraf hai. (Hajj: 76) Jab ham is baat par eimaan laaeiNge to ye baat maanni padegi ke hatmi taor par koi bhi ye nahi keh sakta ke kisi kaam ka aakhri nateeja uske haath me hai. Masalan doctor ilaaj to karega magar shifa uske haath me nahi hai. Zalzala ya is qism ki aasmaani balaaoN ke baare me pesh-goi kar sakta hai lekin use rok nahi sakta. Ye sab Allah hi ke haath me hai, yaani har cheez ka aakhri aur hatmi nateeja Allah ke haath me hai. Lihaaza Quran ki aayateiN hameiN wasiyyat karti haiN ke jab sab kuch Khuda hi ke haath me hai to mukammal bharosa aur tawakkul bhi Khuda hi par hona chaahiye. Quran ne kaha: _ > _..-l !.., ., ,l. !.l. .-.. _. > _ _.l. _,,. __ keh dijiye: wo Khuda Rahmaan hai, ham Us par eimaan laae haiN aur Usi par hamne tawakkul kiya hai, aur anqareeb tum jaan loge ke kaun shakhs waazeh gumraahi me hai. (Mulk: 29) 2) Allah par mukammal tasleem < .>`. _. _ ,...l _ !sL !> l.lL .-l!, _!. N _ Quran me aaya hai: aur Allah hi ke liye sajda karte haiN jo bhi aasmaanoN aur zameen me hai, khushi aur majboori se aur unke saae bhi subho shaam (Allah ko sajda karte haiN). (Raad:15) Is hawaale se hameiN chaahiye ke ham Khuda ki mutlaq tasleem ka izhaar kareiN. Allah hi ek aysi zaat ho jo hamaare nazdeek, ke jisse muhabbat aur jiski ibaadat ki jaae. Agar ham kisi aur se muhabbat aur uski - 10 -
itaaat karte bhi haiN to Khuda ki ijaazat ke saath karni chaahiye. Ham jo RasooloN (a.s) aur Aimmah (a.s) se muhabbat karte haiN aur unki itaaat karte haiN, ye bhi Khuda hi ke kehne par hai aur Khuda hi ke liye hai. Agar kisi Rasool ya Imam se muhabbat Khuda ke liye na ki jaae to aysi muhabbat ki Rasool aur Aimmah ki nazar me koi ehmiyat nahi. Lihaaza agar ham ne ye ehsaas kiya ke hamaari Rasool (s.a.w) ya unki Ehle Baith (a.s) se muhabbat Khuda se qareeb karrahi hai to isse badi ibaadat aur kuch nahi. Magar agar aysa nahi hai to wo aysi hi maamooli muhabbat hai jo duniya me koi bhi insaan kisi achhi cheez se karta hai. Aur aysi muhabbat ka koi faaeda aakherat me nahi hoga. _ | _.. _>. _!,>: .!.. < , _,..-l __
Quran me aaya hai: kehdijiye: meri namaz, meri tamaam ibaadateiN, meri zindagi, meri maot, ye sab tamaam jahaanoN ke paalne waale ke liye hai. (Anaam:162)
Teesra qanoon: Allah hi har cheez par mukammal command rakhta hai.
Ham is baat par eimaan rakheiN: 1) Allah ki khud-mukhtaari Kaaenaat ke har nizaam ka banaane waala aur use saabit rakhne waala Allah hai aur koi uski ijaazat ke alaawa kuch nahi karsakta. Agar koi gadbad bhi hoti hai to Khuda hi use theek karsakta hai. Misaal ke taor par ye zameen (earth) jiska mass taqreeban 6,600,000,000,000,000,000,000 ton ka hai jo teen tarah se ghoomti hai: (a) Apne mehwar ke gird ghoomna (spinning around its own axis) (b) Sooraj ke atraaf chakkar lagaana (c) Poore nizaame shamsi (solar system) ke saath chalna Kisi aysi wazandaar cheez ka itni aasaani se chakkar lagaana aur uska munazzam hona is baat ki daleel hai ke ye kaam Allah hi kar sakta hai. Lihaaza Quran me aaya hai: | < ..`, ,...l _ '. _l !.l | !.>.. _. .> _. .:.-, ..| l !.,l> s _ Khuda aasmaan-o-zameen ko roke hue hai taake wo apne nizaam se munharif na ho jaaeiN aur agar wo munharif hojaeiN to Uske alaawa koi aur unheiN rok nahi sakta. Wo haleem o ghafoor hai. (Faatir: 41)
2) Kisi bhi kaam karne ki qudrat aur salaahiyat sirf Khuda se mansoob hai Anbiyaa, Rusul, Aimmah aur tamaam science-daanoN ne jo kaamyaabi haasil ki hai wo Khuda hi ke lutfo karam se hai. l. _.. !. `l ,-, _ aur insaan ko wo sab kuch sikhaata diya jo wo nahi jaanta tha. (Alaq: 5) - 11 -
_ ..>' < _ `l .>`., `l _>, .` ,,. _ ,l.l `l _>, .` _| _. _ : ,,>. aur (Aap s.a.w) kaheiN: taareef Allah ki hi hai Jisne koi beta nahi banaaya hai aur na hi baadshaahi me Uska koi shareek hai aur na is wajah se ke wo aajizo naatawaaN hai koi Uska madadgaar nahi hai aur Usko bada jaankar Uski badaai karte raho. (Bani israeel: 111) Lihaaza jab ham is zameen aur aasmaan me kuch dekheiN to is baat par eimaan rakheiN ke Khuda hi hai Jisme inheiN khalq kiya hai aur Wahi mukammal qudrat rakhta hai.
Chawtha qanoon: Allah ke siwa koi maabood nahi
Oopar bataae gae teenoN qanoon nazariyaati haiN, lekin ye chawtha qanoon amali (practical) pehlu bhi rakhta hai, yaani ibaadat karna. (1) Sirf Allah ki ibaadat karna (2) Kisi aur ki ibaadat karne ka inkaar karna To lihaaza jab ham is baat par eimaan le aae ke Khuda hi ki ibaadat karni chaahiye aur siwaae Khuda ke kisi ki ibaadat nahi karni chaahiye to yahi apne amal ke zariye bhi saabit karna chaahiye. Amali taor par na kisi ke aage jhukna hai, na kisi ka sajda karna hai aur na hi kisi ke saamne ghutne tekne haiN. Is chawthe qanoon ka jauhar (essence) yahi hai ke kisi ko Khuda ka shareek na banaaya jaae, na namaz me aur na hi apni duaoN me. Tamaam Anbiya (a.s) aur Aimmah (a.s) ne hameiN yahi sikhaaya hai ke ham Allah ke alaawa kisi aur ki ibaadat na kareiN, madad is tarah se maangni chahiye ke bas Allah hi sabkuch dene waala hai. Imam Ali (a.s) ne hameiN sikhaaya: Allah par eimaan laao, Allah se tahaffuz chaaho, apni namaz, haajaat aur duaon ko sirf aur sirf Uski jaanib mod do. Usi se Uski nematoN ka sawaal kiya karo, jaan lo ke Allah hi zameeno aasmaan ke tamaam khazaanoN ka maalik hai. Na sirf Usne hameiN Uski rehmat aur nemat maangne ki ijaazat di hai, balke Usne hamaari dua;oN ko sunne ka bhi waada kiya hai. Usne kisi guard ko tumhaari duaeiN rokne ke liye nahi rakha. MushkiloN me Uski madad maaNgo. Lihaaza Imam Ali (a.s) ke mutaabiq, tawheed ka khaasa yahi hai ke Allah ke siwa kisi Khuda ko na maaneiN aur Allah mukammal qudrat rakhta hai, har jagah maojood hai, har cheez se beniyaaz hai, waahid khaaliq, raaziq aur har cheez ka musawwir hai, chaahe wo cheez haazir ho ya zaahir ya baatin, haal ho ya maazi ya mustaqbil.
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Chawtha sabaq: Kufr
Kufr kise kehte haiN: Kufr, tawheed ke bilkul mukhaalif hai. Kufr yaani Khuda ke wujood se inkaar karna. Duniya me kaii ayse log haiN jo maante haiN ke taare, ped-paudhe, zameeno aasmaan, insaan, jaanwar, sayyaare, aur hazaaroN laakhoN aysi cheezeiN, bas ek ittefaaq se khalq hui haiN aur unka koi khaaliq nahi hai. Is tarah ka aqeeda rakhne waaloN ko kaafir kaha jaata hai. Koi insaan chaahe bada science-daan ho, ya koi badaa aalim hi kyuN na ho, agar Khuda ke wujood par eimaan nahi rakhta to use aqlmand insaan nahi kaha jaa sakta. Is tarah ke taaleem yaafta log jo Khuda par eimaan nahi rakhte, azeem nuqsaan uthaane waaloN me se haiN, chaahe unhoN ne science aur technology me kitni hi taraqqi kyuN na karli ho. Quran is baat ki gawaahi deta hai: _ ` l..- _,. -,1, ,.> `!:.Ll ,!. _.> :| .:,!> `l :.> !:,: .> < .:..s .,!.> < _,. ,!.>' __ aur jo log kaafir hogae haiN unke aamaal ayse haiN jaise chatyal maidaan me saraab. Jaise pyasa shakhs door se paani samajhta hai lekin jab uske paas jaata hai to use kuch nahi milta aur Allah ko wahaaN maojood paata hai aur Allah uska hisaab chuka deta hai aur Allah ko hisaab chukaate der nahi lagti. (Noor: 39) Do qism ke kaafir hote haiN: 1) Jo jaante haiN, aur badi aasaani se apne ilm ke zariye pehchaan sakte haiN, magar jaan boojh ke maanne se inkaar karte haiN. Sachchaai jaante hue jaan boojh kar uska inkaar karte haiN, apne kuch zaati bebuniyaad wujoohaat ki bina par. Yaani, wo sachchaai ko jaante haiN magar is tarah use chhupaate haiN ke goya kuchh jaante hi nahi. Bahut saare log masalan firaun, namrood, abu jehl, abu sufiyan, abu lahab, aur baaqi duniya ke science-daan aur deegar ulama is qism ke kaafir haiN jo jaante hue kufr ikhtiyaar kiye hue haiN. Unpar nishaaniyaaN zaahir hoeiN, phir bhi ye log haq taaala ko maanne se inkaar karte haiN, yahi asli kaafir haiN aur yahi wo log haiN jo jahannum me hamesha rehne waale haiN. 2) Kuffaar ki doosri qism un logoN ki hai jo jahaalat ki buniyaad par kufr ikhtiyaar kiye hue haiN. Unki jahaalat ke wujoohaat ya to duniyaawi cheezoN me ziyaada sargarm rehna ya fitrat ki intehaai be-tawajjagi. Is qism ke log har cheez ko apni andhi aaNkhoN se dekhte haiN aur kabhi haq tak nahi pahuNchte. Kaafi taadaad me ghaer- musalmaan log aur jaahil musalmaan bhi isi qism ke kufr me shaamil hote haiN.
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PaaNchwaaN sabaq: Shirk
Shirk bhi kufr ki tarah tawheed ke bilkul mukhaalif hai. Shirk yaani Allah ke alaawa kisi aur ko Khuda maanna. Ye kaam sab se ghinauna aur naa qaabile maafi gunaah hai. Imam Sadiq (a.s) ne farmaaya: tamaam gunaahoN me, shirk sabse bada gunaah hai. Shirk ki qismeiN: Hero parasti (hero worship) But parasti (idol worship) Shirk ki aur bahut saari qismeiN haiN magar Rasool Allah (s.a.w) ne ise do ehem hissoN me taqseem kiya hai: 1) Shirke Akbar 2) Shirke Asghar
1) Shirke Akbar: shirke akbar yaani khula hua aur alal-elaan shirk, jiski do qismeiN haiN:
(a) Kisi ko Khuda ka hissa bana dena (b) Khuda ke sifaat ko kisi se mansoob karna
Kisi ko Khuda ka hissa bana dena yaani kisi ko Khuda ka shareek qaraar dena, ya ek se ziyaada Khuda ko maanna. Do, teen, ya ziyaada KhudaaoN ko maanna. Khuda ke sifaat kisi se mansoob karna yaani Khuda ki sifat masalan Khuda ka ilm ye kisi ko dedena ya mansoob kardena. Ya kisi ko Khuda jaisa banaakar pesh karna ya maanna. Istelaahi taor par Islam in sab ko mushrik maanta hai: (a) Jo kaii KhudaaoN ko maanta ho (b) Jo kisi ko kisi bhi tarah Khuda ka shareek banaa kar pesh karta ho aur use Khuda ka hissa banade. (c) Jo kisi ko Khuda jaise kamaalaat ya Khudaai taaqat ka haamil qaraar de (d) Jo kisi Imam ya Nabi ko zaati ya sifaati taor par Khuda ya Khuda jaisa ya Khuda ka hissa maane. In sab logoN ko mushrik kaha jaata hai. Ye sab jaanna isliye zaroori hai ke ham achhi tarah se shirk ko pehchaaneiN aur usse bacheiN.
But-parasti: Ye kaafi zaahir qism ka shirk hai. Wo tamaam mazaahib jiske log, bahut se maaboodoN ya butoN ko ya Khuda ko kisi se jodna ya kisi ko Khuda ka shareek kardeiN, wo sab mushrik adyaan haiN. Aur ayse adyaan (religions) ko maanne waale mushrik haiN.
Shirke akbar ki ek doosri qism: (1) Kisi ko Khuda ka hissa samajhkar shareek karna (2) Kisi ko Khuda jaisa samajhna (3) Khuda ke sifaat kisi ko dedena (4) Khuda ki ibaadat me kisi ko shaamil kardena Imam Jafar as-Sadiq (a.s) ne farmaaya: agar koi Allah ke liye kaam karta hai, aur agar us me kisi insaan ki khushi bhi shaamil ho, to aysa kaam karne waala mushrik hai. Tamaam shia ulama is baat par muttafiq haiN ke jo Khuda ke naam ke alaawa koi qurbaani de, ya Khuda ka - 14 -
naam lekar di gayi qurbaani me kisi ko shareek karde, to aysa amal mazhabe Ehle Baith (a.s) me naa-qaabile qubool hai. Quran ne bhi saaf saaf lafzoN me is baat ki tasdeeq ki hai: aur kisi ko bhi apne Rabb-e-waahid ki ibaadat me shareek mat karo. Kisi ko Khuda bana kar pesh karna: Shirke akbar ki teesri qism ye hai ke kisi ko Khuda samajhna. Taareekh uthaakar dekheiN to kaii ek ayse waaqiyaat haiN ke logoN ne kuch shakhsiyatoN ko ya apne baadshaahoN ko ya apne awliyaa aur ulama ko Khuda banaakar unki ibaadat ki hai. Krishna, jise Lord Krishna ke naam se yaad kiya jaata hai, Ram Chanderji, Gautam Budh, Firaun, Namrood ye saare insaan the. Magar logoN ne unse dar kar, ya unke kirdaar se ya dawlato qudrat se mutaasir hokar unki ibaadat karna shuru kardiya tha. Nusayri ya malangi bhi isi tarah Imam Ali (a.s) ko unke mojezoN ya karaamaat ki binaa par unheiN Khuda samajhte haiN. Zaahiran aysa lagta hai ke inhoN ne Imam Ali (a.s) ke rutbe me ghulu se kaam liya aur Khuda keh baithe. Kuch jaahil shia shora (poets), ghalat taasuraat ki bina par, is aqeede ka shikaar hogae aur horahe haiN aur apni shaaeri me ye baat laate rehte haiN ke Ali (a.s) nusayri ka Khuda hai, waghaera. Dar haqeeqat, ye gunaahe kabeera me murtakib haiN, aur Maasoom Aimmah (a.s) ko bejaa Khuda samajhkar unki dar asl tauheen karrahe haiN. Tamaam musalmaan firqe is qism ki nismat ko shirke akbar ka naam dete haiN. Wo musalmaan jo kisi Nabi ya Imam ko kisi bhi tarah Khuda ka roop de ya Khuda jaisa samjhe ya Khuda ka hissa samjhe, to wo mushrik hai aur Islam ke daaere se khaarij hai, lihaaza murtad kaha jaaega. Ayatullah al-uzma Syed Abul Qaasim al- Khoei ne ayse logoN ko Ghullaat ka naam diya aur kahaa hai ke ye shirk hai aur kaha: Jo bhi 12 Aimmah me se kisi bhi ek ko Khuda samjhe ya ye samjhe ke Khuda un me shaamil hai, to wo mushrik hai. Imam Jafar as-Saadiq (a.s) ne bhi is qism ke afraad par laanat ki hai. Aur kaha: Khuda un par laanat kare jo hamaare baare me aysi baateiN karte haiN jis ham khud nahi kehte. Allah un par laanat kare jo hameiN Allah ki bandagi se juda karte haiN, wo Khuda jisne hameiN khalq kiya hai, jiski taraf ham palatne waale haiN, aur jiske haath me saari qudrat hai. (Rijaal al-kashi) MusalmaanoN ko chaahiye ke jab wo Rasool (s.a.w) ya Imam (a.s) ki taareef kareiN to ehtiyaat se kaam leiN ke kaheeN unki taareefeiN ghulu na ban jaaeiN aur Khuda ki wahdaaniyat ke khilaaf na hojaaeiN. Khuda ne mushrikeen ke liye jannat ko haraam kardiya hai aur ayse log hamesha jahannum me rehne waale haiN. ..| _. : <!, .1 > < ,ls .>l !. '!.l !. _,.l.Lll _. !.. __ (Maaedah:72)
2) Shirke Asghar - 15 -
Rasool Allah (s.a.w) aur Aimmah (a.s) n eimaan ke daaere ko is tarah mohr-band kiya hai ke shirk daakhil bhi na hosake. Shirke asghar yaani chhupaa hua shirk. Wo shakhs shirke asghar ka murtakib hai jo apni zubaan se to Khuda ki wahdaaniyat ka iqraar karta hai, lekin uske aamaal uske eimaan ke khilaaf hote haiN. Rasool Allah (s.a.w) ke mutaabiq jo shirke asghar ki sabse waaze misaal hai wo hai Riyaa. Riyaa yaani apni ibaadat me Qurbatan ilallaah ki niyyat kare, magar uska maqsad logoN ko dikhaana ho, ya unki khushi ho ya ye ho ke log use nek samjheiN. Shirke asghar ki misaaleiN aur bhi haiN: (a) Allah par tawakkul na karna (b) Maaddi cheezoN par munhasir rehna (c) Allah ke alaawa kisi aur ko apna waahid madadgaar samajhna (d) Aysi cheezoN par munhasir rehna jo Khuda ko yaad karne se rokti haiN Imam Sadiq (a.s) ne khoobsurat andaaz me hameiN ye siikhaaya hai ke kis tarah shirke asghar se bacha jaae. Imam ne kaha ke kis tarah shirke asghar se bacha jaae, masalan agar koi tumhaari jaan bachaae, aur tum uska shukriya ada karna chaahte ho (ke wo bhi zaroori hai) to yuN na kaho ke: wo tum ho jisne meri jaan bachaahi. Balke yuN kaho ke: yaqeenan Allah ne tumhaare zariye se meri jaan bachaai, mai Allah se dua karta huN ke wo tumheiN is baat ka ajr de. Ye tareeqa apnaane se insaan shirke asghar se bach sakta hai. Isi tarah jab ham kisi Imam (a.s) se madad chaahte haiN aur wo hamaari madad karte haiN to Khuda hi ki ijaazat se, lihaaza agar ham kisi ka shukriya ada kareiN to Allah ka kareiN ke Usne behtareen Aimmah (a.s) ko hamaari hidaayat aur imdaad ke liye bheja. Isi tarah agar ham kisi Nabi ya Imam se madad ye soch kar maangeiN ke Allah nahi deraha hai aur inse maanga jaae, to ye shirk me shaamil hoga. Aur agar ye soch kar maangeiN ke Allah unke sadqe me ya unke maqaamo manzilat ke tufail hameiN ataa karega to yahi ayne eimaan hai aur bilkul shirk nahi hai. In sab baatoN ke alaawa, musalmaan jo kuch Khuda ki qurbat ke liye kare to use shirk ka naam nahi diya jaa sakta. Magar har wo cheez jo Khuda ki raah se gumraah kare ya Khuda ko bhulaade, wo shirk hai.