From 19c80d631694366e8098a564ba347fb1e937056b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2019 16:56:42 -0300
Subject: [PATCH v10] Allow logging of portal parameters on error

---
 doc/src/sgml/config.sgml                      |  17 ++
 src/backend/nodes/params.c                    |   3 +
 src/backend/tcop/postgres.c                   | 233 +++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/error/elog.c                |  28 +++
 src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c                  |  10 +
 src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample |   1 +
 src/include/nodes/params.h                    |   3 +
 src/include/tcop/tcopprot.h                   |   4 +
 src/include/utils/guc.h                       |   1 +
 src/test/README                               |   3 +-
 src/test/examples/Makefile                    |   2 +-
 src/test/examples/testlibpq5.c                | 116 +++++++++
 12 files changed, 355 insertions(+), 66 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/test/examples/testlibpq5.c

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
index 6612f95f9f..81dfee5fe7 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
@@ -6414,6 +6414,23 @@ log_line_prefix = '%m [%p] %q%u@%d/%a '
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry id="guc-log-parameters-on-error" xreflabel="log_parameters_on_error">
+      <term><varname>log_parameters_on_error</varname> (<type>boolean</type>)
+      <indexterm>
+       <primary><varname>log_parameters_on_error</varname> configuration parameter</primary>
+      </indexterm>
+      </term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Controls whether the statement is logged with bind parameter values. 
+        It adds some overhead, as postgres will cache textual
+        representations of parameter values in memory for all statements,
+        even if they eventually do not get logged. The default is
+        <literal>off</literal>. Only superusers can change this setting.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry id="guc-log-statement" xreflabel="log_statement">
       <term><varname>log_statement</varname> (<type>enum</type>)
       <indexterm>
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/params.c b/src/backend/nodes/params.c
index cf4387e40f..00ad6347c7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/params.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/params.c
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ makeParamList(int numParams)
 	retval->parserSetup = NULL;
 	retval->parserSetupArg = NULL;
 	retval->numParams = numParams;
+	retval->hasTextValues = false;
 
 	return retval;
 }
@@ -58,6 +59,8 @@ makeParamList(int numParams)
  * set of parameter values.  If dynamic parameter hooks are present, we
  * intentionally do not copy them into the result.  Rather, we forcibly
  * instantiate all available parameter values and copy the datum values.
+ *
+ * We don't bother copying text values, since no caller needs that at present.
  */
 ParamListInfo
 copyParamList(ParamListInfo from)
diff --git a/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c b/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
index e8d8e6f828..ec1e4092f5 100644
--- a/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
+++ b/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
@@ -86,6 +86,12 @@
  */
 const char *debug_query_string; /* client-supplied query string */
 
+/*
+ * The top-level portal that the client is immediately working with:
+ * creating, binding, executing, or all at one using simple protocol
+ */
+Portal current_top_portal = NULL;
+
 /* Note: whereToSendOutput is initialized for the bootstrap/standalone case */
 CommandDest whereToSendOutput = DestDebug;
 
@@ -1714,6 +1720,9 @@ exec_bind_message(StringInfo input_message)
 	else
 		portal = CreatePortal(portal_name, false, false);
 
+	Assert(current_top_portal == NULL);
+	current_top_portal = portal;
+
 	/*
 	 * Prepare to copy stuff into the portal's memory context.  We do all this
 	 * copying first, because it could possibly fail (out-of-memory) and we
@@ -1751,6 +1760,9 @@ exec_bind_message(StringInfo input_message)
 	 */
 	if (numParams > 0)
 	{
+		/* GUC value can change, so we remember its state to be consistent */
+		bool need_text_values = log_parameters_on_error;
+
 		params = makeParamList(numParams);
 
 		for (int paramno = 0; paramno < numParams; paramno++)
@@ -1818,9 +1830,18 @@ exec_bind_message(StringInfo input_message)
 
 				pval = OidInputFunctionCall(typinput, pstring, typioparam, -1);
 
-				/* Free result of encoding conversion, if any */
-				if (pstring && pstring != pbuf.data)
-					pfree(pstring);
+				/*
+				 * If we need the parameter string, keep it -- possibly making
+				 * a copy first, if necessary.  Otherwise get rid of it.
+				 */
+				if (pstring)
+				{
+					if (need_text_values)
+						params->params[paramno].textValue =
+							pstring == pbuf.data ? pstrdup(pstring) : pstring;
+					else if (pstring != pbuf.data)
+						pfree(pstring);
+				}
 			}
 			else if (pformat == 1)	/* binary mode */
 			{
@@ -1846,6 +1867,23 @@ exec_bind_message(StringInfo input_message)
 							(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_BINARY_REPRESENTATION),
 							 errmsg("incorrect binary data format in bind parameter %d",
 									paramno + 1)));
+
+				/*
+				 * Compute textual representation for further logging.
+				 *
+				 * This could be optimized for certain built-in types, for
+				 * which the output function is safe to call even in an
+				 * aborted transaction.
+				 */
+				if (!isNull && need_text_values)
+				{
+					Oid			typoutput;
+					bool		typisvarlena;
+
+					getTypeOutputInfo(ptype, &typoutput, &typisvarlena);
+					params->params[paramno].textValue =
+						OidOutputFunctionCall(typoutput, pval);
+				}
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -1870,10 +1908,19 @@ exec_bind_message(StringInfo input_message)
 			params->params[paramno].pflags = PARAM_FLAG_CONST;
 			params->params[paramno].ptype = ptype;
 		}
+
+		/* Only now can we safely set this. */
+		params->hasTextValues = need_text_values;
 	}
 	else
 		params = NULL;
 
+	/*
+	 * Set portal parameters early for them to get logged if an error happens
+	 * on planning stage
+	 */
+	portal->portalParams = params;
+
 	/* Done storing stuff in portal's context */
 	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldContext);
 
@@ -1954,6 +2001,7 @@ exec_bind_message(StringInfo input_message)
 	if (save_log_statement_stats)
 		ShowUsage("BIND MESSAGE STATISTICS");
 
+	current_top_portal = NULL;
 	debug_query_string = NULL;
 }
 
@@ -2004,32 +2052,49 @@ exec_execute_message(const char *portal_name, long max_rows)
 	/* Does the portal contain a transaction command? */
 	is_xact_command = IsTransactionStmtList(portal->stmts);
 
-	/*
-	 * We must copy the sourceText and prepStmtName into MessageContext in
-	 * case the portal is destroyed during finish_xact_command. Can avoid the
-	 * copy if it's not an xact command, though.
-	 */
 	if (is_xact_command)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * We must copy the sourceText and prepStmtName into MessageContext in
+		 * case the portal is destroyed during finish_xact_command.
+		 */
 		sourceText = pstrdup(portal->sourceText);
 		if (portal->prepStmtName)
 			prepStmtName = pstrdup(portal->prepStmtName);
 		else
 			prepStmtName = "<unnamed>";
-
 		/*
 		 * An xact command shouldn't have any parameters, which is a good
 		 * thing because they wouldn't be around after finish_xact_command.
 		 */
 		portalParams = NULL;
+
+		/*
+		 * We don't set current top portal for xact cmds, as
+		 * 1) the portal may be destroyed earlier than the error happens
+		 * 2) it anyway has no parameters in it to log
+		 */
+		Assert(current_top_portal == NULL);
 	}
 	else
 	{
+		/*
+		 * The portal will remain there until we leave the function, so it's
+		 * safe avoid copying and just to refer to the data in its memory
+		 * context instead
+		 */
 		sourceText = portal->sourceText;
 		if (portal->prepStmtName)
 			prepStmtName = portal->prepStmtName;
 		else
 			prepStmtName = "<unnamed>";
+
+		/*
+		 * For non-xact commands, we remember the current portal and its bind
+		 * parameters for further use in logging
+		 */
+		Assert(current_top_portal == NULL);
+		current_top_portal = portal;
 		portalParams = portal->portalParams;
 	}
 
@@ -2178,6 +2243,7 @@ exec_execute_message(const char *portal_name, long max_rows)
 	if (save_log_statement_stats)
 		ShowUsage("EXECUTE MESSAGE STATISTICS");
 
+	current_top_portal = NULL;
 	debug_query_string = NULL;
 }
 
@@ -2306,61 +2372,21 @@ errdetail_execute(List *raw_parsetree_list)
 static int
 errdetail_params(ParamListInfo params)
 {
-	/* We mustn't call user-defined I/O functions when in an aborted xact */
-	if (params && params->numParams > 0 && !IsAbortedTransactionBlockState())
+	MemoryContext oldcontext;
+	char	   *params_message;
+
+	/* Make sure any trash is generated in MessageContext */
+	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(MessageContext);
+	params_message = get_portal_bind_params(params);
+
+	if (params_message)
 	{
-		StringInfoData param_str;
-		MemoryContext oldcontext;
-
-		/* This code doesn't support dynamic param lists */
-		Assert(params->paramFetch == NULL);
-
-		/* Make sure any trash is generated in MessageContext */
-		oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(MessageContext);
-
-		initStringInfo(&param_str);
-
-		for (int paramno = 0; paramno < params->numParams; paramno++)
-		{
-			ParamExternData *prm = &params->params[paramno];
-			Oid			typoutput;
-			bool		typisvarlena;
-			char	   *pstring;
-			char	   *p;
-
-			appendStringInfo(&param_str, "%s$%d = ",
-							 paramno > 0 ? ", " : "",
-							 paramno + 1);
-
-			if (prm->isnull || !OidIsValid(prm->ptype))
-			{
-				appendStringInfoString(&param_str, "NULL");
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			getTypeOutputInfo(prm->ptype, &typoutput, &typisvarlena);
-
-			pstring = OidOutputFunctionCall(typoutput, prm->value);
-
-			appendStringInfoCharMacro(&param_str, '\'');
-			for (p = pstring; *p; p++)
-			{
-				if (*p == '\'') /* double single quotes */
-					appendStringInfoCharMacro(&param_str, *p);
-				appendStringInfoCharMacro(&param_str, *p);
-			}
-			appendStringInfoCharMacro(&param_str, '\'');
-
-			pfree(pstring);
-		}
-
-		errdetail("parameters: %s", param_str.data);
-
-		pfree(param_str.data);
-
-		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
+		errdetail("parameters: %s", params_message);
+		pfree(params_message);
 	}
 
+	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2678,6 +2704,86 @@ drop_unnamed_stmt(void)
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * get_portal_bind_params
+ * 		Get a string containing parameters data -- used for logging.
+ *
+ * Can return NULL if there are no parameters in the portal or the portal is
+ * not valid, or the text representations of the parameters are not available.
+ * If returning a non-NULL value, it allocates memory for the returned string
+ * in the current context, and it's the caller's responsibility to pfree() it.
+ */
+char *
+get_portal_bind_params(ParamListInfo params)
+{
+	StringInfoData param_str;
+
+	/* No parameters to format */
+	if (!params || params->numParams == 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * We either need textual representation of parameters pre-calculated, or
+	 * call potentially user-defined I/O functions to convert the internal
+	 * representation into text, which cannot be done in an aborted xact
+	 */
+	if (!params->hasTextValues && IsAbortedTransactionBlockState())
+		return NULL;
+
+	initStringInfo(&param_str);
+
+	/* This code doesn't support dynamic param lists */
+	Assert(params->paramFetch == NULL);
+
+	for (int paramno = 0; paramno < params->numParams; paramno++)
+	{
+		ParamExternData *prm = &params->params[paramno];
+		char	   *pstring;
+		char	   *p;
+
+		appendStringInfo(&param_str, "%s$%d = ",
+						 paramno > 0 ? ", " : "",
+						 paramno + 1);
+
+		if (prm->isnull)
+		{
+			appendStringInfoString(&param_str, "NULL");
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (params->hasTextValues)
+			pstring = prm->textValue;
+		else
+		{
+			Oid			typoutput;
+			bool		typisvarlena;
+
+			if (!OidIsValid(prm->ptype))
+			{
+				appendStringInfoString(&param_str, "UNKNOWN TYPE");
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			getTypeOutputInfo(prm->ptype, &typoutput, &typisvarlena);
+			pstring = OidOutputFunctionCall(typoutput, prm->value);
+		}
+
+		appendStringInfoCharMacro(&param_str, '\'');
+		for (p = pstring; *p; p++)
+		{
+			if (*p == '\'') /* double single quotes */
+				appendStringInfoCharMacro(&param_str, *p);
+			appendStringInfoCharMacro(&param_str, *p);
+		}
+		appendStringInfoCharMacro(&param_str, '\'');
+
+		if (!params->hasTextValues)
+			pfree(pstring);
+	}
+
+	return param_str.data;
+}
+
 
 /* --------------------------------
  *		signal handler routines used in PostgresMain()
@@ -4031,10 +4137,11 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[],
 		EmitErrorReport();
 
 		/*
-		 * Make sure debug_query_string gets reset before we possibly clobber
-		 * the storage it points at.
+		 * Make sure these get reset before we possibly clobber
+		 * the storages they point at.
 		 */
 		debug_query_string = NULL;
+		current_top_portal = NULL;
 
 		/*
 		 * Abort the current transaction in order to recover.
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/error/elog.c b/src/backend/utils/error/elog.c
index 8b4720ef3a..40896a2d09 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/error/elog.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/error/elog.c
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@
 #include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
 #include "utils/guc.h"
 #include "utils/memutils.h"
+#include "utils/portal.h"
 #include "utils/ps_status.h"
 
 
@@ -344,6 +345,7 @@ errstart(int elevel, const char *filename, int lineno,
 		{
 			error_context_stack = NULL;
 			debug_query_string = NULL;
+			current_top_portal = NULL;
 		}
 	}
 	if (++errordata_stack_depth >= ERRORDATA_STACK_SIZE)
@@ -2788,6 +2790,19 @@ write_csvlog(ErrorData *edata)
 	if (print_stmt && edata->cursorpos > 0)
 		appendStringInfo(&buf, "%d", edata->cursorpos);
 	appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ',');
+	if (print_stmt && log_parameters_on_error &&
+		PortalIsValid(current_top_portal))
+	{
+		char *params;
+
+		params = get_portal_bind_params(current_top_portal->portalParams);
+		if (params != NULL)
+		{
+			appendCSVLiteral(&buf, params);
+			pfree(params);
+		}
+	}
+	appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ',');
 
 	/* file error location */
 	if (Log_error_verbosity >= PGERROR_VERBOSE)
@@ -2944,6 +2959,19 @@ send_message_to_server_log(ErrorData *edata)
 		appendStringInfoString(&buf, _("STATEMENT:  "));
 		append_with_tabs(&buf, debug_query_string);
 		appendStringInfoChar(&buf, '\n');
+
+		if (log_parameters_on_error && PortalIsValid(current_top_portal))
+		{
+			char *params;
+
+			params = get_portal_bind_params(current_top_portal->portalParams);
+			if (params != NULL)
+			{
+				log_line_prefix(&buf, edata);
+				appendStringInfo(&buf, _("PARAMETERS:  %s\n"), params);
+				pfree(params);
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYSLOG
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
index 90ffd89339..d426272be3 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
@@ -483,6 +483,7 @@ extern const struct config_enum_entry dynamic_shared_memory_options[];
  * GUC option variables that are exported from this module
  */
 bool		log_duration = false;
+bool		log_parameters_on_error = false;
 bool		Debug_print_plan = false;
 bool		Debug_print_parse = false;
 bool		Debug_print_rewritten = false;
@@ -1293,6 +1294,15 @@ static struct config_bool ConfigureNamesBool[] =
 		false,
 		NULL, NULL, NULL
 	},
+	{
+		{"log_parameters_on_error", PGC_SUSET, LOGGING_WHAT,
+			gettext_noop("Logs bind parameters of the logged statements where possible."),
+			NULL
+		},
+		&log_parameters_on_error,
+		false,
+		NULL, NULL, NULL
+	},
 	{
 		{"debug_print_parse", PGC_USERSET, LOGGING_WHAT,
 			gettext_noop("Logs each query's parse tree."),
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample b/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample
index 0fc23e3a61..fccfff3a03 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample
@@ -532,6 +532,7 @@
 					# e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
 #log_lock_waits = off			# log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
 #log_statement = 'none'			# none, ddl, mod, all
+#log_parameters_on_error = off	# on error log statements with bind parameters
 #log_replication_commands = off
 #log_temp_files = -1			# log temporary files equal or larger
 					# than the specified size in kilobytes;
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/params.h b/src/include/nodes/params.h
index fd9046619c..316d3a2888 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/params.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/params.h
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ typedef struct ParamExternData
 	bool		isnull;			/* is it NULL? */
 	uint16		pflags;			/* flag bits, see above */
 	Oid			ptype;			/* parameter's datatype, or 0 */
+	char	   *textValue;		/* textual representation for debug purposes */
 } ParamExternData;
 
 typedef struct ParamListInfoData *ParamListInfo;
@@ -116,6 +117,8 @@ typedef struct ParamListInfoData
 	ParserSetupHook parserSetup;	/* parser setup hook */
 	void	   *parserSetupArg;
 	int			numParams;		/* nominal/maximum # of Params represented */
+	bool		hasTextValues;	/* whether textValue for all non-null
+														params is populated */
 
 	/*
 	 * params[] may be of length zero if paramFetch is supplied; otherwise it
diff --git a/src/include/tcop/tcopprot.h b/src/include/tcop/tcopprot.h
index ec21f7e45c..ad6517414b 100644
--- a/src/include/tcop/tcopprot.h
+++ b/src/include/tcop/tcopprot.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "nodes/plannodes.h"
 #include "storage/procsignal.h"
 #include "utils/guc.h"
+#include "utils/portal.h"
 #include "utils/queryenvironment.h"
 
 
@@ -27,6 +28,8 @@
 
 extern CommandDest whereToSendOutput;
 extern PGDLLIMPORT const char *debug_query_string;
+extern PGDLLIMPORT Portal current_top_portal;
+
 extern int	max_stack_depth;
 extern int	PostAuthDelay;
 
@@ -78,6 +81,7 @@ extern long get_stack_depth_rlimit(void);
 extern void ResetUsage(void);
 extern void ShowUsage(const char *title);
 extern int	check_log_duration(char *msec_str, bool was_logged);
+extern char *get_portal_bind_params(ParamListInfo params);
 extern void set_debug_options(int debug_flag,
 							  GucContext context, GucSource source);
 extern bool set_plan_disabling_options(const char *arg,
diff --git a/src/include/utils/guc.h b/src/include/utils/guc.h
index 6791e0cbc2..57acc28ef9 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/guc.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/guc.h
@@ -234,6 +234,7 @@ typedef enum
 
 /* GUC vars that are actually declared in guc.c, rather than elsewhere */
 extern bool log_duration;
+extern bool log_parameters_on_error;
 extern bool Debug_print_plan;
 extern bool Debug_print_parse;
 extern bool Debug_print_rewritten;
diff --git a/src/test/README b/src/test/README
index b5ccfc0cf6..22e624d8ba 100644
--- a/src/test/README
+++ b/src/test/README
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ authentication/
   Tests for authentication
 
 examples/
-  Demonstration programs for libpq that double as regression tests via
-  "make check"
+  Demonstration programs for libpq that double as regression tests
 
 isolation/
   Tests for concurrent behavior at the SQL level
diff --git a/src/test/examples/Makefile b/src/test/examples/Makefile
index a67f456904..0407ca60bc 100644
--- a/src/test/examples/Makefile
+++ b/src/test/examples/Makefile
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ override CPPFLAGS := -I$(libpq_srcdir) $(CPPFLAGS)
 LDFLAGS_INTERNAL += $(libpq_pgport)
 
 
-PROGS = testlibpq testlibpq2 testlibpq3 testlibpq4 testlo testlo64
+PROGS = testlibpq testlibpq2 testlibpq3 testlibpq4 testlibpq5 testlo testlo64
 
 all: $(PROGS)
 
diff --git a/src/test/examples/testlibpq5.c b/src/test/examples/testlibpq5.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69b65c512b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/examples/testlibpq5.c
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/*
+ * src/test/examples/testlibpq5.c
+ *
+ * testlibpq5.c
+ *		Test logging of statement parameters in case of errors.
+ */
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include "libpq-fe.h"
+
+static void
+exit_nicely(PGconn *conn)
+{
+	PQfinish(conn);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	const char *conninfo;
+	PGconn	   *conn;
+	PGresult   *res;
+	const char *paramValues[3];
+	int			paramLengths[3];
+	int			paramFormats[3];
+	uint32_t	binaryIntVal;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the user supplies a parameter on the command line, use it as the
+	 * conninfo string; otherwise default to setting dbname=postgres and using
+	 * environment variables or defaults for all other connection parameters.
+	 */
+	if (argc > 1)
+		conninfo = argv[1];
+	else
+		conninfo = "dbname = postgres";
+
+	/* Make a connection to the database */
+	conn = PQconnectdb(conninfo);
+
+	/* Check to see that the backend connection was successfully made */
+	if (PQstatus(conn) != CONNECTION_OK)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database failed: %s",
+				PQerrorMessage(conn));
+		exit_nicely(conn);
+	}
+
+	/* Set always-secure search path, so malicious users can't take control. */
+	res = PQexec(conn,
+				 "SELECT pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', '', false)");
+	if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, "SET failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
+		PQclear(res);
+		exit_nicely(conn);
+	}
+	PQclear(res);
+
+	/*
+	 * Transmit parameters in different forms and make a statement fail.  User
+	 * can then verify the server log.
+	 */
+	res = PQexec(conn, "SET log_parameters_on_error = on");
+	if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, "SET failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
+		PQclear(res);
+		exit_nicely(conn);
+	}
+	PQclear(res);
+
+	paramValues[0] = (char *) &binaryIntVal;
+	paramLengths[0] = sizeof(binaryIntVal);
+	paramFormats[0] = 1;		/* binary */
+	paramValues[1] = "2";
+	paramLengths[1] = strlen(paramValues[1]) + 1;
+	paramFormats[1] = 0;		/* text */
+	paramValues[2] = (char *) "everyone's little $$ in \"dollar\"";
+	paramLengths[2] = strlen(paramValues[2]) + 1;
+	paramFormats[2] = 0;		/* text */
+	/* divide by zero -- but server won't realize until execution */
+	res = PQexecParams(conn,
+					   "SELECT 1 / (random() / 2)::int + $1::int + $2::int, $3::text",
+					   3,		/* # params */
+					   NULL,	/* let the backend deduce param type */
+					   paramValues,
+					   paramLengths,
+					   paramFormats,
+					   1);		/* ask for binary results */
+
+	if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_FATAL_ERROR)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, "SELECT succeeded but was supposed to fail");
+		PQclear(res);
+		exit_nicely(conn);
+	}
+	PQclear(res);
+	printf("Division by zero expected, got an error message from server: %s\n"
+		   "Please make sure it has been logged with bind parameters in server log\n",
+		   PQerrorMessage(conn));
+
+	/* close the connection to the database and cleanup */
+	PQfinish(conn);
+
+	return 0;
+}
-- 
2.17.1

