Journal Description
Materials Proceedings
Materials Proceedings
is an open access journal dedicated to publishing findings resulting from conferences, workshops, and similar events, in all areas of material sciences. The conference organizers and proceedings editors are responsible for managing the peer-review process and selecting papers for conference proceedings.
Latest Articles
Green Innovation: Harnessing Chitosan Hydrogel Beads for Sustainable Lead Removal in Wastewater Treatment towards Qatar Vision 2030
Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018010 - 5 Sep 2024
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Chitosan and its derivatives, known for their unique molecular structures and advantageous biological properties, have emerged as promising candidates for diverse applications, particularly in the realm of water treatment. This study investigated the effectiveness of chitosan hydrogel beads combined with activated carbon in
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Chitosan and its derivatives, known for their unique molecular structures and advantageous biological properties, have emerged as promising candidates for diverse applications, particularly in the realm of water treatment. This study investigated the effectiveness of chitosan hydrogel beads combined with activated carbon in removing lead from contaminated water sources. The overarching objective of this research endeavor is to develop a sustainable and cost-effective wastewater treatment system, aligning with Qatar Vision 2030’s emphasis on sustainable development goals. Experimental investigations were conducted to fabricate chitosan hydrogel beads and assess their characteristics through rigorous FTIR and ICP-OES analyses. Notably, the incorporation of activated carbon with chitosan significantly enhanced lead removal efficacy, achieving removal efficiencies ranging from 80.29% to 96.48% with various activated carbon mixtures, indicating promising opportunities for further optimization. The FTIR analysis showed that incorporating activated carbon into chitosan beads resulted in distinct changes in the IR spectra. AC-chitosan beads exhibited broad -OH peaks at 3272 cm−1 and a stretch at 1639 cm−1, which were less pronounced or absent in isolated chitosan beads. Both types showed a peak at 1376 cm−1, with higher intensity in regular chitosan beads. Beyond underscoring the importance of chitosan-based materials in water treatment, this study also provides insightful recommendations for future research endeavors aimed at fostering awareness and facilitating practical applications, thereby bolstering environmental conservation and sustainable water management initiatives.
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Open AccessEditorial
Statement of Peer Review—The 2024 10th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology
by
Jongwan Hu, Dongkeon Kim and Mosbeh Kaloop
Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018009 - 4 Sep 2024
Abstract
In submitting conference proceedings to Materials Proceedings, the Volume Editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review, administered by the Volume Editors [...]
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Open AccessEditorial
Preface of the 2024 10th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology
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Jongwan Hu, Dongkeon Kim and Mosbeh Kaloop
Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018008 - 2 Sep 2024
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The International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology (ICAET) took place in Incheon, Incheon National University, South Korea from 17 to 19 May 2024 [...]
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Unveiling Bottled Water Perils: Investigating Phthalate Ester Acid Leaching from Bottled Water in Qatar’s Scorching Climes
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Amna Alemadi, Marwa A. Alani, Mohammed Akkbik and Noora Al-Qahtani
Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018007 - 28 Aug 2024
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Plastic bottles have gained widespread popularity due to their durability, affordability, and recyclable nature. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are used as plasticizers in PET bottle production, which has raised concerns regarding their presence in the environment and potential adverse effects on health, including
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Plastic bottles have gained widespread popularity due to their durability, affordability, and recyclable nature. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are used as plasticizers in PET bottle production, which has raised concerns regarding their presence in the environment and potential adverse effects on health, including carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting properties. PAEs can migrate from PET bottles into the contents, especially when exposed to high temperatures. This study is the first study in Qatar to determine the leaching of DBP, BBP, and DEHP in local PET drinking water bottles under different stressful thermal conditions. GC–MS is a susceptible instrument, and it is an ideal technique to detect and quantify PAEs in collected local plastic water bottles under different storage temperatures, namely at room temperature, 24 °C; 50 °C; and cyclic temperatures of 70 °C. The limits of detection for DBP, BBP, and DEHP were 0.09, 0.33, and 0.93 µg/L, respectively. Five local brands of PET bottles in Qatar were collected and stored under thermal conditions (24, 50, and 70 °C cyclic). Three kinds of leached PAEs, including dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), were detected by GC–MS , ranging from 2.84 to 17.32, 1.16 to 21.35, and 0.01 to 19.59 ng/L, respectively. Significant differences were observed between room temperature 24 °C, 50 °C, and cyclic temperature for concentrations of DBP, BBP, and DEHP.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Analysis and Selection of Multiple Machine Learning Methodologies in PyCaret for Monthly Electricity Consumption Demand Forecasting
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José Orlando Quintana Quispe, Alberto Cristobal Flores Quispe, Nilton Cesar León Calvo and Osmar Cuentas Toledo
Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018005 - 28 Aug 2024
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This study investigates the application of several machine learning models using PyCaret to forecast the monthly demand for electricity consumption; we analyze historical data of monthly consumption readings for the Cuajone Mining Unit of the company Minera Southern Peru Copper Corporation, recorded in
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This study investigates the application of several machine learning models using PyCaret to forecast the monthly demand for electricity consumption; we analyze historical data of monthly consumption readings for the Cuajone Mining Unit of the company Minera Southern Peru Copper Corporation, recorded in the electricity yearbooks from the decentralized office of the Ministry of Energy and Mines in the Moquegua region between 2008 and 2018. We evaluated the performance of 27 machine learning models available in PyCaret for the forecast of monthly electricity consumption, selecting the three most effective models: Exponential Smoothing, AdaBoost with Conditional Deseasonalize and Detrending and ETS (Error-Trend-Seasonality). We evaluated the performance of these models using eight metrics: MASE, RMSSE, MAE, RMSE, MAPE, SMAPE, R2, and calculation time. Among the analyzed models, Exponential Smoothing demonstrated the best performance with a MASE of 0.8359, an MAE of 4012.24 and an RMSE of 5922.63; among the analyzed models, Exponential Smoothing demonstrated the best performance with a MASE of 0.8359, an MAE of 4012.24 and a RMSE of 5922.63, followed by AdaBoost with Conditional Deseasonalize and Detrending, while ETS also provided competitive results. Forecasts for 2018 were compared with actual data, confirming the high accuracy of these models. These findings provide a robust energy management and planning framework, highlighting the potential of machine learning methodologies to optimize electricity consumption forecasting.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Sustainable Hydrogen from Activated Carbon Derived from Fennel Waste
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Mohamed Helally, Manal B. Alhamdan, Zainab Baloochi, Hadir M. Ibrahim, Naval Alhamdan, Mostafa H. Sliem and Noora Al-Qahtani
Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018004 - 28 Aug 2024
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Hydrogen represents an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source that could substitute fossil fuels and diminish greenhouse gas emissions. However, conventional methods of producing hydrogen are frequently expensive, energy-intensive, or detrimental to the environment. This study proposes an innovative and eco-friendly approach for
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Hydrogen represents an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source that could substitute fossil fuels and diminish greenhouse gas emissions. However, conventional methods of producing hydrogen are frequently expensive, energy-intensive, or detrimental to the environment. This study proposes an innovative and eco-friendly approach for hydrogen production using activated carbon derived from fennel flower waste, an inexpensive agricultural by-product abundant in Qatar. The researchers prepared the activated carbon by carbonizing and chemically activating it with potassium hydroxide, and characterized its properties through various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. They subsequently evaluated the activated carbon’s catalytic performance in a hydrogen production system utilizing sodium borohydride and water as reactants, comparing the results with those obtained from commercial catalysts such as nickel and platinum. The findings revealed that the activated carbon derived from fennel flower waste exhibited a high hydrogen yield of 99.8%, which was comparable to or even surpassed that of the commercial catalysts. Furthermore, the activated carbon demonstrated good stability and reusability over multiple cycles. This study shows that fennel flower waste can be transformed into a valuable catalyst for hydrogen production, offering a sustainable and environmentally conscious solution for energy generation.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Decontamination of Heavy and Trace Metals by Using Natural Sorbents: A Case Study of Chemical Laboratory Wastewater Treatment
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Ahmed M. A. Aly, Ahmed H. A. Emam, Ala H. S. Alardah, Rinad A. M. Edriss Khataby, Ahmed Easa, Ahmad A. Ahmadi, Mohammad Ibrahim and Noora Al-Qahtani
Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018006 - 21 Aug 2024
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Chemical wastewater treatment in laboratories poses a significant challenge due to the complex nature of the contaminants involved. Humic materials and clay have emerged as promising solutions for remediation due to their unique properties, such as high adsorption capacity and ability to form
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Chemical wastewater treatment in laboratories poses a significant challenge due to the complex nature of the contaminants involved. Humic materials and clay have emerged as promising solutions for remediation due to their unique properties, such as high adsorption capacity and ability to form stable complexes with heavy metals. This research explores the potential of humic materials and clay in wastewater treatment by evaluating their effectiveness in removing various chemicals commonly found in laboratory effluents. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to developing sustainable and cost-effective approaches for managing chemical wastewater in laboratories. Humic acid demonstrated a higher affinity for specific metals, with Cobalt (Co) showing the highest uptake, followed by Manganese (Mn) and Molybdenum (Mo), among other elements. On the other hand, the natural clay sample exhibited a different uptake sequence, indicating its distinct sorption preferences for various metals. The notable uptake of Molybdenum (Mo), Barium (Ba), and Arsenic (As) by the clay sample underscores its potential as an effective sorbent for these elements in wastewater treatment applications.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
The Idea of a “Loop Fragment” of the Finite Element Force Method in the Loop Resultant Method for Static Structural Analysis
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H. H. Ngo, V. V. Lalin, I. I. Lalina, A. M. Vavilova, T. Q. T. Le and T. M. D. Le
Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018003 - 20 Aug 2024
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In this paper, a novel technique called a “loop fragment” (LF) is developed for structural analysis. A simple method is sufficient for establishing the loop system of framed structures using an original idea, the LF of the loop resultant method, and two conversion
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In this paper, a novel technique called a “loop fragment” (LF) is developed for structural analysis. A simple method is sufficient for establishing the loop system of framed structures using an original idea, the LF of the loop resultant method, and two conversion rules are necessary to find the structure (or equivalent) flexibility matrix of the rod system. This LF is generated by splitting the given structure into indeterminate basic loops. Instead of the conventional approach of treating the redundant forces in the whole structure, the current approach allows for the calculation to be simplified, thanks to the loop compatibility conditions and by dealing with the primary unknowns for each basic loop. Some numerical examples are considered for the structural frame subjected to temperature loads.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Effect of Alumina as an Anti-Soiling Nanomaterial for Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance
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Ala H. S. Alardah, Alfajer M. Alrasheed, Fatima Ahmad Alemadi, Sumalatha Bonthula, Enas Fares, Rajender Boddula, Ahmed Bahgat Radwan and Noora Al-Qahtani
Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018002 - 20 Aug 2024
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Anti-soiling coatings are an essential tool for repelling or protecting surfaces from all sorts of particles, sand, and dust. It is usually used on photovoltaic (PV) cells and solar cells to generate electricity in dry regions such as Qatar and the Gulf countries.
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Anti-soiling coatings are an essential tool for repelling or protecting surfaces from all sorts of particles, sand, and dust. It is usually used on photovoltaic (PV) cells and solar cells to generate electricity in dry regions such as Qatar and the Gulf countries. However, due to soiling, the performance of solar and PV cells significantly degrades, and they are unable to achieve their potential for success. Thus, an anti-soiling coating is applied to prevent dust accumulation, which interferes with the function of solar panels by restricting the required power output. In this study, an alumina nanomaterial was used in the preparation of the ink, which was coated onto a normal glass substrate using the spin coating technique, and the coated samples were characterized using SEM and XRD. The results showed that the coating was able to significantly reduce the surface energy of the glass substrate while improving its hydrophobicity. The anti-soiling performance of the coating was evaluated using a gravimetric method, which showed that the coating had excellent anti-soiling properties. The reference and coated glass substrates were placed outdoors for a given period of time, and the results showed that the amount of dust that was deposited on the coated sample that was outdoors was greatly reduced.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Intelligent Smart Coatings for Enhanced Corrosion Protection in Carbon Steel
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Marwa A. Al-Ani, Ala H. Al-Ardah, Amal Mahgoub, Noora Aboumattar, Hadir Ibrahim, Muddasir Nawaz, R. A. Shakoor, Ahmed Radwan and Noora Al-Qahtani
Mater. Proc. 2024, 18(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024018001 - 19 Aug 2024
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This study explores a new approach for corrosion protection of carbon steel, focusing on the application of polymeric coatings. Anticorrosive pigments were synthesized by loading 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole into zirconium oxide particles, and then an epoxy coating was applied on a steel substrate to analyze
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This study explores a new approach for corrosion protection of carbon steel, focusing on the application of polymeric coatings. Anticorrosive pigments were synthesized by loading 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole into zirconium oxide particles, and then an epoxy coating was applied on a steel substrate to analyze the corrosion inhibition activity. Analytical techniques like FTIR and XRD confirmed the successful loading of corrosion inhibitors onto zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2), revealing changes in chemical bonding and structural patterns. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the spheroidal morphology of ZrO2 after inhibitor loading, while contact angle measurements showed improved hydrophobicity due to reduced porosity from the nanoparticles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed enhanced corrosion resistance in the modified coatings compared to reference coatings, demonstrating stable impedance values and delayed electrolyte uptake. These findings suggest the potential of the developed coating system in mitigating carbon steel corrosion, offering insights for its application across various industries.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Utilization of Stone Wool Kiln Ash in Cement-Based Materials
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Tolga Aydın, Zeynep Başaran Bundur, Kaan Aksoy, Barış Karabıyık, Ezgi Perin, Türker İnce and Mihriban Sarı
Mater. Proc. 2023, 15(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023015089 - 5 Aug 2024
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The main goal of this study was to validate a circular production route utilizing the waste ash generated during stone wool production in cementitious binders. To achieve this goal, two types of waste ash with different compositions and particle sizes were used. The
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The main goal of this study was to validate a circular production route utilizing the waste ash generated during stone wool production in cementitious binders. To achieve this goal, two types of waste ash with different compositions and particle sizes were used. The performance evaluation results showed that silica-based ashes exhibit pozzolanic behavior, reduce the amount of portlandite, and can improve the strength of the mortar even at early ages. The ashes increased the initial setting time regardless of their composition. The outcomes of this study create an economic value for large volumes of material of previously zero value.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference on Raw Materials and Circular Economy “RawMat2023”)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Environmental Product Declaration Reporting in the Metal Sector
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Maria Vastardi, Eugenia Filtikaki, George Mavraganis and Katerina Adam
Mater. Proc. 2023, 15(1), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023015088 - 22 Jul 2024
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In an increasingly globalized and sustainability-conscious market, the environmental attributes of products consist of the information of primary importance for the sustainable development of manufacturing companies. The aim of the paper is to statistically analyze the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) reports that have
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In an increasingly globalized and sustainability-conscious market, the environmental attributes of products consist of the information of primary importance for the sustainable development of manufacturing companies. The aim of the paper is to statistically analyze the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) reports that have resulted from Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) in the metal products industry based on two parameters: (i) the geographical scope and (ii) the category of the product. During recent years, EPDs have been developed as a tool for the carbon footprint assessment of products; however, they not yet very widely applied by metal-manufacturing companies and/or requested by key stakeholders as customers. Moreover, in the metal industry, the use of EPD reports is not yet as widespread as in other industrial segments such as plastics. The present article is based on the EPD Library of the official website of the International EPD System (Environdec) and the published EPDs of the Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. (IBU). Data were extracted, and the relevant information was compiled by using the available filters of the EPD and the IBU Libraries. Based on these data, the number of EPD reports issued by manufacturing companies was examined as per country of origin and product category.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference on Raw Materials and Circular Economy “RawMat2023”)
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Open AccessEditorial
Statement of Peer Review
by
Sofia Javed, Waheed Miran, Erum Pervaiz and Iftikhar Ahmad
Mater. Proc. 2024, 17(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024017002 - 22 Jul 2024
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In submitting conference proceedings to Materials Proceedings, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors [...]
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CEMP 2023)
Open AccessProceeding Paper
Evaluation of Thiosulfate for Gold Recovery from Pressure Oxidation Residues
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Christiana Mystrioti, Konstantina Kousta, Nymphodora Papassiopi, Katerina Adam, Maria Taxiarchou and Ioannis Paspaliaris
Mater. Proc. 2023, 15(1), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023015087 - 6 Jun 2024
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This paper investigated the potential of thiosulfate as an alternative to cyanide for gold recovery from pressure oxidation residues. Thiosulfate leaching experiments were conducted under controlled conditions, varying parameters such as initial thiosulfate concentration, initial pH, temperature and solid–liquid mixing ratio (S/L). The
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This paper investigated the potential of thiosulfate as an alternative to cyanide for gold recovery from pressure oxidation residues. Thiosulfate leaching experiments were conducted under controlled conditions, varying parameters such as initial thiosulfate concentration, initial pH, temperature and solid–liquid mixing ratio (S/L). The results indicate that thiosulfate demonstrates promising gold recovery rates, with optimization potential through parameter adjustments. This study aimed to provide valuable insights into the feasibility of adopting thiosulfate as a gold recovery agent, promoting environmentally responsible practices in the metallurgical industry while addressing the challenges associated with pressure oxidation residues.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference on Raw Materials and Circular Economy “RawMat2023”)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Comparative Study of Conical and Cylindrical Basins for Gravitational Water Vortex Turbines
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Usman Zafar, Waqas Javid, Furqan Jamil, Shahid Iqbal, Sikander Ahmed, Abdul Aziz and Tayyab Mehmood
Mater. Proc. 2024, 17(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024017030 - 6 May 2024
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The demand for energy is gradually increasing; governments are looking for affordable and long-lasting solutions. Hydropower is crucial for addressing this issue. Low-head hydropower stations are necessary in certain regions due to their geographical position. Gravitational water vortex turbines are an alternative for
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The demand for energy is gradually increasing; governments are looking for affordable and long-lasting solutions. Hydropower is crucial for addressing this issue. Low-head hydropower stations are necessary in certain regions due to their geographical position. Gravitational water vortex turbines are an alternative for these low-head turbines. They use the water’s tangential flow to create a vortex, converting mechanical energy to kinetic energy. The design of turbine blades and basins using SolidWorks and CFD analysis was carried out during this research. CFD investigation showed that the conical basin had a higher exit velocity than the cylindrical basin, indicating a successful design.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CEMP 2023)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Mining and Mineral Exploration Projects within the Natura 2000 Area: Case Studies from Northern Finland
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Toni Eerola, Nike Luodes and Hannu Panttila
Mater. Proc. 2023, 15(1), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023015086 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
The Rompas–Prajapat (Au-Co) and Sakatti (Ni-Cu-PGE) mineral deposits are among the only important discoveries of the last few decades in Finland. Both are partially located in Natura 2000 areas, which are among the most sensitive land use contexts in which mining and mineral
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The Rompas–Prajapat (Au-Co) and Sakatti (Ni-Cu-PGE) mineral deposits are among the only important discoveries of the last few decades in Finland. Both are partially located in Natura 2000 areas, which are among the most sensitive land use contexts in which mining and mineral disputes have emerged in Finland. Consequently, the project holders apply low-impact mineral exploration technologies and practice active stakeholder engagement and communication. In fact, projects seem to be mostly favored by local populations. However, because of their association with protected areas (and uranium in the case of Rompas), projects are opposed by non-governmental organizations, as well as by reindeer herders in the case of Sakatti. Project holders perform feasibility studies and environmental impact assessments. Mining licenses are applied under a new Finnish mining act and the European Union’s Raw Materials acts.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference on Raw Materials and Circular Economy “RawMat2023”)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance through the Synergistic Effects of a Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon and Electrochemically Deposited Polyaniline Composite
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Syed Shaheen Shah, Md. Abdul Aziz and Munetaka Oyama
Mater. Proc. 2024, 17(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024017029 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
This research delves into asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) design, utilizing activated carbon from bamboo poles (AC) and electrodeposited polyaniline (PANI) on nickel foam (NF) as key active components. The composite electrode formed from AC and PANI exhibited enhanced electrochemical attributes in various electrochemical configurations.
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This research delves into asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) design, utilizing activated carbon from bamboo poles (AC) and electrodeposited polyaniline (PANI) on nickel foam (NF) as key active components. The composite electrode formed from AC and PANI exhibited enhanced electrochemical attributes in various electrochemical configurations. The specified ASC, PANI@AC/NF//AC/NF, demonstrated a potential of 1.8 V. Impressively, it reached an areal capacitance measuring 423 mF/cm2, coupled with an energy density of 190 µWh/cm2 at a power density of 900 µW/cm2, and maintained ~82% capacitance after 5000 GCD cycles. Notably, our developed ASC presents outstanding research potential for scholars and scientists.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CEMP 2023)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Morphology, Structure and Optical Properties of Spin-Coated SnO2 Films for Solar Cell Application
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Sumbal Hakeem, Saqib Ali, Muhammad Arman Liaqat, Ayesha Jamshed, Maryam Basit, Muhammad Talha Masood and Sofia Javed
Mater. Proc. 2024, 17(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024017028 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly become a hot area of research in the photovoltaic field due to their (e.g., 26.2%), ease of fabrication, and low cost. Over the last decade the electron transport layer (ETL) has been one of the most critical
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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly become a hot area of research in the photovoltaic field due to their (e.g., 26.2%), ease of fabrication, and low cost. Over the last decade the electron transport layer (ETL) has been one of the most critical elements in achieving high-performing solar cells, necessitating a higher electron mobility and superior charge extraction ability. Consequently, there is a significant demand for an improved ETL that is not only cost-effective but also exhibits high charge extraction and mobility, particularly in the context of planar solar cell architecture. Tin Oxide (SnO2) has emerged as one of the most promising high-performance inorganic ETLs suitable for PSCs. In this work, we synthesize solution-processed SnO2. The spin-coated SnO2 thin films undergo annealing at relatively low temperatures ranging from 130 °C to 180 °C and various characterization tools are employed for the evaluation of thin films.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CEMP 2023)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Fabrication of 2-D Nanosheets of NbSe2 via Liquid Phase Exfoliation and Their Morphological, Structural, and Optical Characterization
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Ayesha Jamshed, Maryam Basit, Saqib Ali, Sumbal Hakeem, Muhammad Arman Liaqat, Fatima Jamshed, Rahim Jan and Sofia Javed
Mater. Proc. 2024, 17(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024017027 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
The present work is on the synthesis and investigation of the structural, optical, and optoelectrical properties of NbSe2 as an efficient material for energy conversion applications. The liquid phase exfoliation method was employed for the synthesis of 2D nanosheets from the bulk
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The present work is on the synthesis and investigation of the structural, optical, and optoelectrical properties of NbSe2 as an efficient material for energy conversion applications. The liquid phase exfoliation method was employed for the synthesis of 2D nanosheets from the bulk NbSe2 at different exfoliation levels. SEM was used to confirm the physical dimensions of the nanosheets, while XRD was used to verify the structural retention of hexagonal nanosheets. The results demonstrate that high-quality, single-crystalline NbSe2 nanosheets with a size of ≈1 μm in the lateral dimension and ≈6–12 nm thick were obtained. The 2D nanosheets will be further explored for energy storage and conversion applications.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CEMP 2023)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Alternative Resources of Rare Earth Elements in Pakistan
by
Muhammad Daniel Saeed Pirzada
Mater. Proc. 2024, 17(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024017026 - 23 Apr 2024
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) have emerged as strategic elements. Due to their unique electronic and magnetic properties, REEs have extensive applications in modern-day technologies. Two aspects make the supply chain of REEs very critical: first, more than ~85% of the global rare earth
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Rare earth elements (REEs) have emerged as strategic elements. Due to their unique electronic and magnetic properties, REEs have extensive applications in modern-day technologies. Two aspects make the supply chain of REEs very critical: first, more than ~85% of the global rare earth elements are processed by China alone; second, presently, hardly any substitute materials exist for these elements. The supply chain of these elements is vulnerable because of the Chinese monopoly on rare earth resources. These circumstances drove researchers to explore alternative resources for these elements. This article reviews the prospective alternative resources of REEs. Based on the available resources and technical experience, a road map has also been suggested.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CEMP 2023)
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