The Sri Lanka Mother and Newborn Growth (S-MaNGro) Cohort: Protocol of a Nationwide Prospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Design
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Objectives
- estimate the total energy intake and energy-adjusted macro- and micronutrient intakes of Sri Lankan pregnant women.
- assess the dietary behavior and the food environment among Sri Lankan pregnant women.
- investigate the impact of maternal nutrition, mental health, and their interactions on gestational weight gain and neonatal birth weight.
2.3. Study Setting
2.4. Study Population
2.5. Sample Size and Sampling
2.6. Participant Recruitment
2.7. Baseline Recruitment Survey
2.8. Follow-Up Interviews
2.9. Study Measures
2.10. Quality Assurance
2.11. Data Management
2.12. Modification of Nutrient Analysis Software
2.13. Data Analysis Plan
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measurement | Baseline Survey (First Trimester) | Follow-Up 1 (Second Trimester) | Follow-Up 2 (Third Trimester) | Follow-Up 3 (Postnatal) | Method/Tool | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographics | ||||||
Maternal data: age, civil status, ethnicity, employability, educational level, household income, area of residence | ✔ | Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire | ||||
Paternal data | ||||||
Educational level, height, and weight | ✔ | Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire (self-reported data by the pregnant women) | ||||
Past obstetric history | ||||||
History of miscarriages/abortions and LBW deliveries | ✔ | Pregnancy card-A a | ||||
Details of the current pregnancy | ||||||
Pre-pregnancy BMI, gravidity, and parity | ✔ | Pregnancy card-A a | ||||
Biomarkers | ||||||
Maternal hemoglobin level b | ✔ | ✔ | Pregnancy card-A a (for the third-trimester data, we asked the women to tell as it appeared in the pregnancy card) | |||
Dietary behavior | ||||||
Food choices: specific dietary restrictions, the average monthly family income spent on food, special food preparation methods or dietary preferences, and food allergies | ✔ | Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire | ||||
Eating behavior: frequency of main meals and snacks per day, average eating time for a main meal, habits of meal skipping | ✔ | Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire | ||||
Food environment | ||||||
Distance from house to vegetable and fish market, mode of transportation for shopping, access to a variety of fruits and vegetables, access to good quality fruits and vegetables, having a home vegetable or fruit garden | ✔ | Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire | ||||
Meal preparation during pregnancy: family support and prefer to cook or not | ✔ | Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire | ||||
Food and nutrition intake | ||||||
Data on usual meat, fish, fruit, dairy products, whole grain carbohydrates, packed snacks, strong black tea, and coffee intake | ✔ | Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire | ||||
Consumption of recommended folic acid supplements during pregnancy | ✔ | Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire | ||||
FFQ [25,26] | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | An FFQ [25,26] was used to collect information on women’s usual dietary intake in each trimester. The FFQ consists of 85 plus food items and 12 photographs. “Thriposha”, a nutrient supplement provided to all pregnant women through the national healthcare system, was included in the FFQ under the pulse group. | ||
24 h-DR | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | A 24 h-DR was used to assess each pregnant woman’s food and beverage consumption during the previous 24 h. | ||
Gestational weight gain | ||||||
Body weight measurements | ✔ | ✔ | Pregnancy card-A a (for the body weight data after the recruitment, we asked the women to tell as they appeared in the pregnancy card, with the relevant gestational ages). | |||
Perception of pregnancy weight gain and target weight gain | ✔ | Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. | ||||
Maternal mental health | ||||||
EPDS c [27] | ✔ | The validated version of the EPDS was used in the participants’ native language either in Sinhala [30] or in Tamil [31]. | ||||
Newborn data | ||||||
Gestational age at delivery, sex, birth weight, length, occipitofrontal circumference at birth, and mode of delivery | ✔ | CHDR d (we asked the mothers to tell the newborns’ data as they appeared in the CHDR. |
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Pathirathna, M.L.; Haruna, M.; Sasaki, S.; Yonezawa, K.; Usui, Y.; Hagiwara, Y. The Sri Lanka Mother and Newborn Growth (S-MaNGro) Cohort: Protocol of a Nationwide Prospective Study. Methods Protoc. 2024, 7, 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps7040061
Pathirathna ML, Haruna M, Sasaki S, Yonezawa K, Usui Y, Hagiwara Y. The Sri Lanka Mother and Newborn Growth (S-MaNGro) Cohort: Protocol of a Nationwide Prospective Study. Methods and Protocols. 2024; 7(4):61. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps7040061
Chicago/Turabian StylePathirathna, Malshani Lakshika, Megumi Haruna, Satoshi Sasaki, Kaori Yonezawa, Yuriko Usui, and Yasuhiro Hagiwara. 2024. "The Sri Lanka Mother and Newborn Growth (S-MaNGro) Cohort: Protocol of a Nationwide Prospective Study" Methods and Protocols 7, no. 4: 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps7040061